New Voices and New New Voices and New IdeasIdeas

Out With the Old…Out With the Old…

People had tried both the Liberals People had tried both the Liberals and the Conservatives with little and the Conservatives with little change in their situationchange in their situation

This led to the development of new This led to the development of new provincial and regional partiesprovincial and regional parties

These includedThese includedCo-operative Commonwealth Federation Co-operative Commonwealth Federation

(CCF)(CCF)Social Credit Party (Socreds)Social Credit Party (Socreds)Union NationaleUnion Nationale

The CCFThe CCFThe CCF formed in Regina in 1933 The CCF formed in Regina in 1933

under the leadership of J.S. under the leadership of J.S. WoodsworthWoodsworth

It drew its support mostly from drought It drew its support mostly from drought stricken Saskatchewanstricken Saskatchewan

The Party’s guiding principles were The Party’s guiding principles were outlined in the Regina Manifestooutlined in the Regina Manifesto

The name inspired a “Red Scare” but The name inspired a “Red Scare” but the CCF was committed to democratic the CCF was committed to democratic socialismsocialismSocialism without a violent overthrow of Socialism without a violent overthrow of

the existing powersthe existing powers

The CCFThe CCF

It also received support from labour It also received support from labour unions and workersunions and workersThey became recognized as the They became recognized as the

representative of the working manrepresentative of the working manThe CCF platform included The CCF platform included

increased social spendingincreased social spendingPublicly controlled financial intuitionsPublicly controlled financial intuitionsCentralized economic planningCentralized economic planningUniform public health servicesUniform public health services

The CCFThe CCF

The goal of the CCF was to stimulate The goal of the CCF was to stimulate the economy through social spendingthe economy through social spending

The CCF was the first party to practice The CCF was the first party to practice reform liberalismreform liberalism

Reform LiberalismReform LiberalismAllows state interventionAllows state interventionCreates an environment that enhanced Creates an environment that enhanced

opportunities for individualsopportunities for individualsRemoved “intolerable” inequities in Removed “intolerable” inequities in

societysocietyDid not trust in the market place Did not trust in the market place

The CCFThe CCFThe CCF enjoyed its most success The CCF enjoyed its most success

provinciallyprovinciallyThe CCF was a major factor in The CCF was a major factor in

Ontario, Manitoba, and British Ontario, Manitoba, and British ColumbiaColumbia

In Saskatchewan the CCF was elected In Saskatchewan the CCF was elected to a majority government under to a majority government under Tommy DouglasTommy Douglas

Douglas introduced a revolutionary Douglas introduced a revolutionary health plan in Saskatchewan in 1946 health plan in Saskatchewan in 1946 that provided health care to everyone that provided health care to everyone regardless of economic statusregardless of economic status

The CCFThe CCF

In 1961 the CCF abandoned some of In 1961 the CCF abandoned some of the more radical beliefs of the party the more radical beliefs of the party and changed their name to the New and changed their name to the New Democratic Party of CanadaDemocratic Party of Canada

Although the CCF/NDP has never been Although the CCF/NDP has never been elected federally, it has been dubbed elected federally, it has been dubbed “the conscience of the House of “the conscience of the House of Commons”Commons”

Many CCF/NDP policies are now parts Many CCF/NDP policies are now parts of the Liberal and Conservative Party of the Liberal and Conservative Party platformsplatforms

Social CreditSocial Credit

The Alberta Social Credit movement was The Alberta Social Credit movement was formed in order to combat the socialist formed in order to combat the socialist tendencies of the CCFtendencies of the CCF

The first Socred government was formed in The first Socred government was formed in Alberta under “Bible” Bill AberhartAlberta under “Bible” Bill Aberhart

Instead of taking control of the economy the Instead of taking control of the economy the Socreds planned to stimulate a market Socreds planned to stimulate a market economyeconomy

They did this by paying a cash dividend They did this by paying a cash dividend ($25)to every citizen of the province each ($25)to every citizen of the province each monthmonth

Social CreditSocial Credit

The Socreds held power in Alberta The Socreds held power in Alberta until 1971 under Aberhart, Manning until 1971 under Aberhart, Manning (Preston’s father), and Strom(Preston’s father), and Strom

The Social Credit party’s system was The Social Credit party’s system was effective but most of their platform effective but most of their platform was considered unconstitutionalwas considered unconstitutional

Union NationaleUnion Nationale

Another regional Another regional party emerged in party emerged in Quebec under Quebec under Maurice DuplessisMaurice Duplessis

Duplessis blamed Duplessis blamed “aliens” for the “aliens” for the problems in Quebecproblems in Quebec

By alien he meant By alien he meant the English minoritythe English minority

Union NationaleUnion Nationale

Duplessis ran Quebec like a dictator Duplessis ran Quebec like a dictator and remained in power from 1936-and remained in power from 1936-1959 with a break from 1939-19441959 with a break from 1939-1944

Duplessis hated unions and used Duplessis hated unions and used force against strikersforce against strikers

He used the power of the He used the power of the government to hinder his political government to hinder his political rivals rivals

Union NationaleUnion Nationale

The Padlock Law (1937) made it The Padlock Law (1937) made it possible for the Provincial Attorney-possible for the Provincial Attorney-General to padlock the premise of any General to padlock the premise of any “subversive” organization“subversive” organization

““subversive” was liberally interpreted subversive” was liberally interpreted by Duplessisby Duplessis

Duplessis encouraged Quebec Duplessis encouraged Quebec nationalism and set himself up as the nationalism and set himself up as the defender of French rights in a hostile defender of French rights in a hostile country country

Union NationaleUnion Nationale

Duplessis did manage to increase Duplessis did manage to increase American investment in Quebec American investment in Quebec despite his anti-English viewsdespite his anti-English views

OverviewOverview

The Depression led to a switch from The Depression led to a switch from classic liberalismclassic liberalism to to reform liberalismreform liberalism

Regional parties emerged in provincial Regional parties emerged in provincial politicspolitics

New ideas helped to combat the New ideas helped to combat the depressiondepression

The national identity forged by The national identity forged by Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden began Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden began to break downto break down