NEW VARIETIES OF RICE CREATED BY A.R.D.S. BRAILA

Agricultural Research and Development Station BrailaE-mail : scdabraila@yahoo.com

Results obtained following the execution of the PS 1.1.4 project. "Creation of rice lines with increased adaptability to climate change"

INTRODUCTION

The importance of rice

-Rice is a crop of world-class importance. Rice is an important food, industrial, cosmetic, medicinal, decorative crop, its importance

being social and even political as well. Rice cultivation is considered to be one of the most important agricultural activities in the world,

as it is present on every continent.

The vertiginous growth of the world's population and the change of climate conditions create serious problems and serious challenges for

achieving global food security. It is estimated that rice is by far the most consumed cereal on the planet.

- Considering the expected climate change, it should be noted that rice reacts better than other crops to temperature increases. This quality

of rice will increase the share of rice crops, this increase will be will be also stimulated by the future growing needs to expand the

cultivating areas on areas that are currently less conducive.

- Rice could be considered the most resistant grain in the future due to its ecological plasticity that allows it to grow beyond the 50°northern latitude and 40° southern latitude and due to its increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors.

- Rice through its specific traits is a safe culture, which reacts positively to the characteristic conditions of the dry areas which have water

resources, thisis why A.R.D.S. Braila recommends rice as an anti-drought solution.

INTRODUCTION

Rice culture in Romania

In Romania, rice is not a traditional culture, but it is useful in the national economy, in the diet of the population, in

the creation of jobs, but also in the context of the diversification of agricultural production. The aim of introducing and

maintaining rice as a crop in our country was to cover the needs of current consumption, through our own national

production.

Romania has a very good potential for rice cultivation because it has extensive flat surfaces, sufficient water

sources and quite favorable pedoclimatic conditions. The Danube River, with important water resources, offers Romania

competitive advantages over countries with a tradition in rice cultivation, which can lead to lower production costs.

Romania is highly suitable for the development and expansion of rice, given the fact that it has a very rich

hydrographic network and favorable pedoclimatic conditions. Also, in our country, a number of technical aspects favorable

to rice are met to a greater extent: the water is warmer, the winds provide the ventilation of the fields and protection against

diseases (resulting in lower treatments and a higher rice quality), the number of days with suffocating heat and extreme

humidity is lower.

Rice produced in Romania can have better quality and fewer defects compared to rice produced abroad, because it

is not attacked by diseases and pests, as is happening elsewhere.

ASPECTS RELATING TO THE RICE BREEDING AT CE POLIZESTI, A.R.D.S. BRAILA

From the point of view of plant breeding, A.R.D.S. Braila is known to maintain

the “Polizesti-28” rice variety. It should be mentioned, however, that, in its history

Braila Station had also other achievements in the field of rice breeding, namely

“Braila-1” rice variety.

As a result of the breeding activities, including those of the project PS 1.1.4, that

took place at the Polizesti Experimental Field, of A.R.D.S. Braila, in 2017 were

deposited at I.S.T.I.S. Bucharest the necessary documentation for testing for the

approval of two rice lines, namely line L-513/3 and line L-102. As a method of

amelioration, the direct hybridization method and the selection of elites and the

multiplication of valuable descendants were used. If the two lines pass the test

organized by ISTIS Bucharest, they are to be maintained and multiplied according to

a conservative selection scheme.

WORK METHOD

The amelioration method used at A.R.D.S. Braila is the method of direct hybridization and

selection. To obtain resistance to disease, the method that proved to be the most effective, i.e. the

method of incorporating the genes by back-cross hybridization, was used. For testing disease

resistance, infections were made in hybrids of the F1 and F2 generations as well as the first and

second descendants.

The new plants obtained were multiplied in the field. The experimental parcels were located

on lands specially arranged, the lands were divided into rectangular rice parcels, with a surface of

1-4 ha each, surrounded by small dams and provided with channels of irrigation for water supply, as

well as channels for evacuation. The intake and evacuation of the water in the parcels was done

through supply and discharge valves.

The specific amelioration activities required appropriate working conditions and instruments.

Specific agricultural machinery and equipments were used for the establishment, maintenance and

harvesting of the crop.

The applied technology of the cultivation of the new varieties does not differ from the current

rice crop technology recommended by A.R.D.S. Braila.

WORK METHOD

In the activity of obtaining the L-513/3 and L-102 rice lines, all stages of the breeding

process were carried out, including the hybridisation, the selection of the valuable plants and their

multiplication in the F1 hybrid field, the F2 hybrid field, the F2 selection field, the F3 selection

field, the F4 breeding field, the F5 breeding field, the CC control field, the CCO comparative

orientation cropping field, the CCC comparative competition crop field, the CI breeding field.

The rice lines that have proved to be uniform, stable and productive and have improved

characteristics compared to the witness (Polizesti-28), were selected and introduced for testing at

ISTIS Bucharest.

RESULTS OBTAINED IN THE RICE BREEDING AT A.R.D.S. BRAILA

As a result of the activities of

rice amelioration at CE

Polizesti, A.R.D.S. Braila,

two perspective lines,

respectively the line L-513/3

and the line L-102, were

obtained, which were

submitted to ISTIS for testing

and approval.

Within the amelioration

activity and for obtaining the

L-513/3 and L-102 rice lines,

the activities carried out

within the selection scheme

on the succession of specific

works of parental crossing

and choosing over

generations descendants with

superior characteristics to

reach characteristics that

reflect the established

objectives are presented in

the adjacent table.

The steps of the general scheme of selection of descendants in rice

Activities carried out

Linia-513/3 Linia-102=Collection of biological material and study of its variability (year 0)

Starting with 2005, the field of varieties of varieties has been set up within the EC Polizesti, which has over 100 varieties: Italian, Chinese, Turkish and native and newly created lines.

Starting with 2005, within Politeşti, the Polizesti 28 was chosen to represent the hereditary base for obtaining a new rice line.

=Choosing parental forms The varieties were chosen for parental varieties: Polizesti-28 for mother and variety K01081 for dad.

Elite plants were repeatedly and individually chosen according to the value of the descendants.

=Creation of new biological material by hybridization (year 1);

The selected parental forms were crossed using appropriate instrumentation and a number of 25 grains were obtained.

The elite plants were sown on a series of lines. Of the most valuable lines were elite plants.

=Obtaining hybrid plants (year 2); Of the grains obtained by combining parental forms, grains harvested from the mother's form, 18 hybrid plants were obtained.

Seven elite plants were selected from the breeding field.

=Apply selection to populations with existing or created variability (3rd year);

In the F2 hybrid field, 30 lines have been studied and retained.

Four lines were selected from the CS1 selection field.

=Selection of valuable hybrid combinations to stabilize target characters (Year 4);

In the F3 selection field 12 lines were studied and retained.

From the CS2 selection field, 15 lines were retained.

=Studying the lines obtained and checking the genetic potential (year 5);

In the F4 breeding field, 6 lines were studied and retained.

From the CS3 selection field, 50 lines were retained.

=Obtaining and finalizing populations meeting the conditions of cultivation (6-8 years);

In the F5 field, three lines have been studied and retained.Three lines were highlighted and retained in the control field.The L-513/3 line was highlighted in the target cultures field.

From the CC control field, 8 lines were retained, and the L-102 line was labeled and retained from the CO target culture field.

=Multiplication of newly created seed material (9-11 year).

In the field of competitive comparative crops, line L-513/3 was highlightedIn the IC multiplication field the seed nucleus was formed by multiplying the seed material obtained from line L-513/3.

From the field of comparative crops the line L-102 was highlighted, which was multiplied in the CI breeding field.In the IC multiplication field, the seed nucleus was formed by multiplying the seed material obtained from the L-102 line.

Calendarul realizarii liniei de orez L-513/3CCS CH CH-F1 CH-F2 CS-F3 CI-F4 CI-F5 CC CCO CCC CI ISTIS

2004

2005

2006 -Forme

parentale alese

: Polizesti 28

pentru mama

-K01081

pentru tata

2007 -25

boabe

hibride

2008 -18 plante

2009 -30 linii

2010 -12

linii

2011 -6 linii

2012 -3 lini

2013 -3 linii

2014 -S-ta L513/3

2015 -S-ta L513/3

2016 -S-ta -L 513/3

2017 L 513/3

2018 L 513/3

2019 L 513/3

2020 soi nou

Polizesti 513

The schedule for making the L-513/3 rice line is presented graphically. The first hybrids were made in 2006.

Characterization of rice line "L-513/3"

The L-513/3 rice line was created at A.R.D.S. Braila and was introduced in the homologation process in 2017.

Morphological characteristics: The plants have a height of 75-85 cm. The panicle has generally 13.8-15.5 cm and is formed on an average of 8-9 grain-bearing

branches. The average number of grains per panicle is 77-105 pcs. The number of dry grains is low, about 8-14%. Panicle's coloration is yellow. Panicles have a

semipendulous position on the stem. It is a medium late line. The leaves have a length of 15-20 cm and are dark green.

The grain has usually yellow color, the weigh thousands of seeds is 30-31.5 g, and the hectolitric mass is 58-69 kg/hl.

Physiological features: The L-513/3 line has a good resistance to falling, poorly shaking. It is resistant to Pyricularia oryzae, a medium resistant to Fuzarium and

Helminthosporium. The processing yield is 62-65%, which gives it a good production quality.

Qualities attributes: The L-513/3 line is part of the group of medium-grained rice varieties with a high processing yield of 62.8 -65.0%.

Production capacity: The L-513/3 line produces an average production of 8,000-11,000 kg/ha in recent years.

Schedule for making and characterizing the rice line "L-513/3"

Calendarul realizarii liniei de orez L-102Metoda

selectiei

CCS CH CH-F1 CH-F2 CS-F3 CI-F4 CI-F5 CC CCO CCC CI ISTIS

Metoda

pedigree

Baza

ereditara

Baza ereditara CA CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 CCO CCC CI ISTIS

2005 Soiul Polizesti

28 sursa

genetica

2006 7 plante

elite

2007 4 linii

2008 15 linii

2009 50 linii

2010 8 linii

2011 L102

2012 L102

2013 L102

2014 L102

2015 L102

2016 L102

2017 L102

2018 L102

2019 L102

2020 soi nou

Polizesti

102

The schedule for making of the L-102 rice line is shown graphically. The first elite selections were made in 2005

Characterization of rice line "L-102"

The L-102 rice line was created at S.C.D.A. Braila and was introduced in the homologation production in 2017.

Morphological characters: The plants have a height of 75-85 cm. Paniculum is generally 13.8-15.5 cm and is formed on an average of 8-9 ram beads. The

average number of grains per panic is 77-105 pcs. The number of dry berries is low, about 8-14%. Panic's coloration is yellow Panicles have a semi-

endangered position on the stem. The precocity is semi-dull. The leaves have a length of 15-20 cm and a dark green appearance.

The bee is of the common yellow color, MMB of 30-31.5 g, and the hectolitric mass of 58-69 kg/hl.

Physiological features: The L-102 line has a good resistance to fall, poorly resistant to shaking. It is resistant to Pyricularia oryzae, a medium resistant to

Fuzarium and Helminthosporium. The processing yield is 62-65%, which gives it a good production quality.

Quality attributes: The L-102 line falls into the group of medium grain rice varieties and has a high processing yield of 62.8 - 65.0%.

Production capacity: The L-102 line produces an average production of 8,000-11,000 kg/ha in recent years.

Schedule for making and characterizing the "L-102" rice line

CONCLUSIONS

-Globalization of economic activities and market opening, expected climate

changes and the growth of the world's population, as main trends in the dynamics

of factors that have a major influence on agriculture, will open up favorable

prospects for the rice culture in the world and in Romania.

- Improvement plays a special role in creating forms resistant to unfavorable

climatic and soil factors, which allows the expansion of rice to less favorable areas,

as well as the creation of resistant forms of disease and pest attack. By improving

the range of rice varieties, a better capitalization of the pedoclimatic conditions

specific to each crop area can be achieved. At the same time, increasing the

number of rice genotypes can provide greater security against the risks of

calamities of more susceptible varieties.

- In 2017, two lines of rice proved to be stable and stable in terms of productivity,

stability and precocity and improved in comparison with the Polizesti-28 variety

were introduced at ISTIS Bucharest testing. To obtain the L-513/3 and L-102 rice

lines, the hybridization method was used as the breeding method and the selection.

The process of creating the new L-513/3 and L-102 lines was carried out by

completing all the improvement steps.

-Parental patterns selected in 2016 during project implementation period PS

1.1.4. for different crosses have entered the breeding process since 2017. During

the breeding cycle, the resultant genetic material will select in time the

descendants with superior characteristics until a stable and uniform line is

obtained. If this process unfolds under normal conditions, it will be completed in

2027. After this period, ISTIS testing will last for 3 years until 2030 and only in

2031 will the seed be marketed for the approved variety, descending the best

performing line. It can be seen that in order to have concrete results, entering the

agricultural market, breeding must be a continuous and permanent activity.

-The rice producing countries fund their research in the field of agriculture

depending on the weight of this crop within the agricultural activities carried out

and according to the level of interest they have in the development of this

activity.

-The research theme of Braila's perspective should focus on rice improvement,

zoning of rice varieties, updating of cultivation technologies, improvement of

saline saturated soils with rice, establishing influences induced by applied rice

food technology.

CONCLUSIONS