NEW USA Sluice gate brochure - Ham Baker SLUICE GATES - SLIDE GATES - PENSTOCKS 2 Business Philosophy • Integrity in management • Quality of product HISTORY HAM BAKER is a name

SLU

ICE G

ATES

SLUICE GATES - SLIDE GATES - PENSTOCKS

2

Business Philosophy• Integrity in management

• Quality of product

HISTORYHAM BAKER is a name most professionals in the water

and wastewater industries will instinctively associate with high quality precision-engineered products. Established over 100 years ago the original company has undergone many changes over the last century and more recently changes of ownership.

The company is acknowledged as the world’s leading designer and manufacturer of gates and fl ap valves. Gates and other fl ow control products manufactured by Ham Baker can be found operating in almost every country in the world.

The history of the company began in 1884 as a partnership between Frederick Ham, William Baker and Claude Sansom in London and began manufacturing gates in 1886, trading under the name of Ham Baker & Company Ltd. In 1902, Hartleys (Stoke-on-Trent) Ltd was founded as a family owned business in Stoke-on-Trent by William Hartley, who gained his early engineering training in the locomotive industry. Initially the company manufactured general engineering items and began specialising in the manufacture of equipment for the water and wastewater industries in 1904.

The two companies merged in 1998 to create a product range unrivalled throughout the world.

In 2002 the company was acquired by the WTB Group of Bristol and continues its proud 100 year history as a leading innovator in the fi elds of water and wastewater engineering.

The company now produces a range of products in cast The company now produces a range of products in cast iron, ductile iron, stainless steel and plastic to deal with iron, ductile iron, stainless steel and plastic to deal with every aspect of fl uid control.every aspect of fl uid control.

15 ReasonsWhy customers choose

Ham Baker1. ReputationWe hold an esteemed reputation globally, for well engineered, high quality equipment.2. ServiceUnsurpassed in service, our team of professionals will help you to fi nd the most effective solution. All our personnel have e-mail contactability, even whilst away from the offi ce. The business world is moving faster exponentially, and we aim always, to move with it.3. PeopleWe pride ourselves on building long-term, strong relationships with both suppliers and customers to enable us to better understand and meet customer needs.4. RangeUnique size range with manufacturing capability up to 5m square gates.5. QualityOur products exceed the requirements of British and American Waterworks Association Standards and, indeed, exceed the quality of most of our competitors. All products are manufactured under a BS EN ISO 9001:2000 certifi ed quality assurance system.6. DeliveryNo other company delivers any faster than us. Spares and Fastrack products are often delivered within hours.7. FlexibilityOne of the very few companies who cater for non-standard requirements. “You draw it... we’ll build it”.8. Partnerships: Experienced in Framework ArrangementsWe have worked with and continue to work with a number of Water and Sewage Companies in the UK who are committed to value for money when using Ham Baker. A sign of value for money and peace of mind.9. One Stop ShopRecognised as the only ‘one-stop shop’ in gates. Design, proposals, specifi cation, supply, fi x, repair, spares, aftercare, consultation. Why diverse your time, or multiply the risks with several suppliers, when you can have all the contacts under one roof?10. Peace of MindReadily available library of technical information, built up over 100 years, gives you peace of mind regarding design and maintenance. We have gates still in practical working order after over 90 years of continuous service.11. Brand NameHam Baker is a household name of stability, in the water treatment business. Most of our competition is unknown to the end user.12. Continued InnovationWe are at the leading edge of design and development. 13. UniqueCoplastix Gates are the most cost effective gates available. Designed and built only by Ham Baker. More cost effective (i.e. lower cost of ownership) than stainless steel or cast iron.14. Retro EngineeringDesigns are on fi le from over 60 years, to enable parts to be re-engineered, to service older gates, meaning lower cost of manufacture, with exact specifi cation.15. PriceOur products are competitively priced and represent excellent over life-time value for money, when considering all aspects of ownership; cost, installation, maintenance, and long-term performance.

3

FLOW CONTROL

Sluice / Slide Gates

Selection Table / Features / Terminology 4

An Introduction to Flow Control 5

Cast Iron Series 60 8

Cast Iron Series 60 - 30 10

Cast Iron Series 90 - 60 AWWA C560 12

Cast Iron Series 160 - 80 15

Cast Iron Weir Sluice Gates 18

Stainless Steel Fabricated Slide Gates AWWA C561AWWA C561A 19

Composite2 Series 50 - 40 AWWA C563 20

Technical Details 22

Operating Gear 26

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1011

Sluice / Slide Gate / PenstockSluice / Slide gates are used to control the fl ow or level of a liquid and consists of a sliding door controlled by a mechanically operated stem, which moves over an aperture in a frame, which in turn is secured onto a structure.

ʻSluice / Slide gateʼ is more descriptive of the product, and this term is used widely in specifi cations outside the UK.

The word ʻpenstockʼ originates from the days of water mills when it was not uncommon for a pond (stored or ʻpenned upʼ water), which was used to feed the water wheel or mill race to be referred to as the ʻpenʼ. The timber stop logs used to control the fl ow onto the water wheel was called the ʻstockʼ. Later, as the need to accurately control the velocity of the water wheel became more critical, a single sliding gate operated by a lifting mechanism replaced the stop logs with their individual sections. During the 17th century, the words ʻpenʼ and ʻstockʼ became combined into a single word - PENSTOCK.

4

1

Cast Iron Gates

• Robust construction

• High impact resistance

• For use with high grit content applications

• All sewage and water applications

• 50 year service life

• Metal to metal sealing faces

Coplastix® Gates

• Materials UV stabilised

• Adjustable pressure pads

• Leakage considerably less than approved standards

• Reduced operating loads

• Door having smooth clean face

• Side wall fi xing (no rebate required)

• Non-standard aperture sizes

• Resilient seals

Stainless Steel Fabricated Gates

• Adjustable wedging application

• Reduced operating loads

• Leakage considerably less than approved standards

• Mechanically fi xed

• Low maintenance seals fi tted to door only

• Wall, channel or side wall fi xing

• Non-standard aperture sizes can be accommodated

• Individually designed to suit each application

• Resilient seals

Specifi cation for GatesHam Baker has ISO EN 9001:2000 accreditation, and the capability to manufacture a full range of gates in accordance with BS7775 or AWWA Standards.

Below is a list of benefi ts for the 5 main gate product types illustrated in our catalogue.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS

CORRESPONDING TERMINOLOGY

GateDoor

SpindleSpindle Nut

ProtectionTube

Metal SealResilient Seal

On-Seating HeadOff-Seating Head

Head Measured from invert of aperture

Sluice GateSlideStemThrust NutStem Cover

Sealing FaceSealSeating HeadUnseating HeadHead Measured from centreline of aperture

BS7775 AWWA

5

2Ham Baker can offer the most comprehensive range of fl ow control equipment in the world.

The traditional cast iron ranges have been the mainstay of the industry and the development of Ham Baker has created several standard ranges which cover a wide variety of types, sizes and operating conditions. However the wealth of experience gives Ham Baker the ability to design and manufacture gates for any duty or size.

Ham Baker in step with its continuous programme of research and development has developed a range of stainless steel fabricated gates using the latest technology. Low friction guide blocks are positioned on the frame sides to effect a clearance between the door and the resilient sealing faces attached to the frame upon immediate raising of the door, thus preventing seal drag and minimising wear.

With this comprehensive range of fl ow control products Ham Baker can help our customers solve all their fl ow control needs. Because of this extensive range we are not limited to specifi c duty ranges or technologies but can offer our customers not only a technically suitable solution but also the most cost effective solution.

Gates and other fl ow control products manufactured by Ham Baker can be found operating in almost every country in the world, thus endorsing the statement that Ham Baker is one of the leading gate manufacturers in the world.

SELECTION

IntroductionThe primary application of gates is the fl ow control and isolation of fl uids associated with water, waste water, sewage treatment plants, power generation, irrigation schemes and process plants.

The modern gate is designed to cater for a wide variety of duties from low seating to high off-seating heads in sizes from 150mm to 5000mm square. Selection of the correct gate to suit the duty is important to satisfy the design criteria and provide the most cost effective solution. Operation of the gate is governed generally by factors outside the control of the gate manufacturer. However, the range of available operating equipment is extensive: from simple direct operation by handwheel

to complex control systems for electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic actuation. The range of gates together with its associated operating equipment will cater for the most demanding specifi cation and application.

This section is intended to assist users in the selection of the most suitable products to meet requirements.

Selection ConsiderationsWhen setting out to determine the unit most suited to a particular requirement, the following considerations have to be made:

1. Size of gate required.2. In which direction is the fl ow of the fl uid to be

controlled; will it force the door on to or off its sealing face?

3. What is the differential head in meters across the gate in each direction under:

(a) Static conditions. (b) Opening and closing conditions.4. Wall, channel, pipe or thimble mounting.5. Method of operation.6. It is now necessary to make a selection given: (a) Basic types available. (b) Direction of fl ow and invert sealing arrangement. (c) Mounting position. (d) Fixing details. (e) Method of operation. (f) Accessories.

Having selected the basic frame type, it is then necessary to specify one of the following alternatives:-

A. Is the gate to take - on-seating head? - off-seating head? - on and off-seating head?On-seating head - Pressure forcing the door onto

the frame.Off-seating head - Pressure forcing the door

away from the frame.Modulating gates for fl ow control purposes, where gates may be frequently repositioned and utilise only a proportion of the full stroke, require special consideration and may necessitate:-

• larger than standard stems • slow operating speeds • continuously rated motors on

actuators • special heat absorbing drive

sleevesB. Is the gate to have - Chased/Rebated invert? - Flush invert?

An Introduction to Flow Control

6

Flush InvertsThese are available with a resilient sealing strip to produce a laminar fl ow, improved hydraulics, effi ciency and a non-fouling invert.

FIXINGS METHODS

Wall MountingWall mounted gates are fi xed to vertical end walls of channels, chambers or similar structures by means of foundation bolts utilising a sand/cement non shrink grout to effect a seal between the wall and gate frame. Anchor bolts can be supplied as an expanding type (as an expanding type (as shown opposite), cast-in shown opposite), cast-in type or epoxy type.type or epoxy type.

Channel MountingAny of Ham Baker standard gate units can be mounted in a channel. Channel mounted gates are fi xed into preformed rebates in the sides and inverts of channels by means of a sand/cement non shrink grout, to effect a seal between the rebate and the gate frame. Wall mounted gates can be installed with foundation bolts and grout, however, the rebate will need to be cast large enough to facilitate normal wall mounting procedures and wedge adjustment.

Wall ThimblesWall Thimbles are not needed with our design. When high off-sealing pressure is specifi ed, careful consideration must be given to the method of fi xing the gate to the structure. From our vast experience, we believe that a full survey of the situation is needed. Many high strength anchoring systems are available and should be considered before any thimble is specifi ed. Thimbles are expensive, diffi cult to install and are a proprietary item supplied by the gate manufacturer.

The following advantages are claimed for the use of thimbles:

1. Civil construction can proceed prior to delivery of the gate. This is also true for Ham Baker wall mounted gates. Extra costs will be incurred for the thimble and approx 50% extra for installation.

2. Considerable keying/anchor area within the concrete structure. The attachment of the gate frame to the thimble is achieved by drilling and taping the cast iron base material, and inserting stainless steel studs. Over time corrosion occurs, now the unseating load is transferred to these corroded taped holes.

3. Ease of gate installation and removal for re-sitting or cleaning etc.Most contractors add 50% more for installing a gate with a thimble so it is not that easy!

When requested wall thimbles can be supplied in either ‘E’ or ‘F’ section, suitable for circular or rectangular openings. When pipe work connections are needed, the pipe supply company should supply the appropriate connection for sealing etc.

FLOW CONTROL

FlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlow FlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlow

On-Seating Head Off-Seating Head

On-Seating/Off-Seating Head Wall Mounted Invert

Flush Invert

FlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlowFlow

SealingGroutSealingGroutSealing

Concrete Structure

ConcreteStructure

SealingSealingGroutGroutSealingGroutSealingSealingGroutSealing

7

COUPLINGS

There are several methods of connecting sections of stem together. The type selected will depend upon the application and the duty of the gate. The most commonly used couplings are illustrated below.

Stem AdaptorManufactured in cast iron, for jointing straight lengths of stem in line. For use with torsional loads only (non-rising stem applications).

Muff CouplingsManufactured in the same material as the stem for joining straight lengths of stem in-line. For use with both axial and torsional loads (rising and non-rising stem applications).

Two types of coupling are available:-

1. Plain muff coupling.

2. Screwed muff coupling.

The use of a particular type of coupling will depend upon the operating duty and/or the specifi cation.

Universal JointManufactured in mild steel or stainless steel, for joining two straight lengths of stem in different planes. For transmission of torsional loads only (non-rising stem applications). Universal joints are supplied in pairs for a maximum working angle of 35°.Protective neoprene gaiters can be supplied for the retention of lubricants in the joints.

ACCESSORIES

Stem GuidesIn some cases unsupported lengths of stem are subjected to buckling under compression or from lateral thrust by debris or solids. Stem guides are, therefore, necessary as a means of providing intermediate support. Bolt-on type adjustable guides are manufactured in cast iron, normally plain unmachined, but if required they can be bronze lined.

When considering the centres or vertical spacing of the guide, the l/r (length/radius of gyration of the stem) should not normally exceed 200.

FLOW CONTROL

Stem adaptor

Universal joint Plain Screwed

Muff Couplings

TYPICAL STEM GUIDES

TYPICAL COUPLINGS

Used on larger sizes of sluice / slide gates for risingUsed on larger sizes of sluice / slide gates for risingand non-rising stem applications.

Used on smaller sizes of sluice / slide gates for risingand non-rising stem applications.

8

DESCRIPTION - a very cost effective solution

The Series 60 is a circular metal faced gate suitable for wall and fl ange mounting application, suitable for on-seating pressure as standard but, dependent on size, will take a degree of off-seating pressure.

Conventional adjustable wedges are positioned around the door as required to suit the duty and provide a practical degree of sealing.

FEATURES / BENEFITS

• An extensive range of operating equipment can be

utilised

• Faced wedges available in the same material as the

sealing faces

• Fixing bolts supplied on request

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FrameConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron designed for wall or fl ange mounting applications.

DoorConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron to withstand seating heads up to 6m on and off seating as specifi ed in table below.

Sealing FacesSealing faces are bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance to provide an effective seal. The sealing face material for gates up to and including 600mm diameter sizes is to BS EN 1982:1999, sizes above 600mm diameter BS EN 12167:1998.

For sizes up to and including 600mm diameter the sealing faces are force fi t, for sizes above 600mm the sealing face is secured to the frame using long countersunk taper screws in the same material as the sealing face.

Side WedgesConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron to provide a large contact area with the door. The side wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

3Cast IronSeries 60Metric sizes only (6m Seating Head)

TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SIDE MEMBER

Large contactarea wedge

Door

Sealing faces

Long tapercountersunk pegs

Concrete structure

Securing studsSecuring studs

Adjusting pinsAdjusting pins

Frame

Fixing bolts:- Fixing bolts:- Expandingindented as indented as required

Grout

ApertureSize (mm)

Maximum Head (Meters) On-Seat Off-Seat

100 6 6 150 6 5 200 6 4 250 6 4 300 6 3.5 350 6 3 400 6 3 450 6 2.5 500 6 2.5 600 6 2.5

Note: Heads taken from invert.

9

SERIES 60

Thrust Housing (direct operation)Manufactured in cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 with low friction thrust washer and lubricator.

Door NutManufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for rising stem types.

FastenersStandard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel to BS EN 10088:1995 grade 1.4401 (316; A4).

Operating StemsAlternative materials can be supplied for operating stems and extension.

Methods of OperationThe method of operation will depend upon several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive which can be provided to meet customer requirements. (See page 26)

W-No. holes, AA diaW-No. holes, AA diaP

M

L

K

J

HD

G

CC

*U

B

E

*V

A dia.

Invert

F*Non-Rising stem*Non-Rising stem

Thrust Direct

A B C D E F G H J K L M P U V W AA

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS100 (4") 254 285 57 48 78 216 3 197 - - - 250 382 445 4 13150 (6") 295 385 65 64 84 251 6 295 - - - 250 484 550 4 13200 (8") 390 565 70 55 98 345 25 415 - - - 250 675 750 4 13225 (9") 415 615 73 55 98 370 25 450 - - - 250 725 800 4 13250 (10") 440 665 78 55 98 395 25 500 - - - 250 775 850 4 13300 (12") 495 765 80 55 98 450 25 575 - - - 250 875 950 4 13350 (14") 575 885 85 65 118 525 25 650 - - - 250 995 1070 4 16400 (16") 625 985 90 65 118 575 25 725 - - - 250 1095 1170 4 16450 (18") 675 1085 95 65 118 625 25 400 400 - - 250 1195 1270 6 16500 (20") 725 1185 108 65 118 675 25 425 450 - - 250 1290 1395 6 16600 (24") 825 1375 120 65 118 775 25 525 550 - - 250 1490 1595 6 16

Invert

10

Large contactarea wedge

DoorDoor

Sealing Sealing FacesFaces

Long taperLong tapercountersunk pegscountersunk pegs

Concrete structureConcrete structure

Securing studsSecuring studs

Adjusting pinsAdjusting pins

Frame

Fixing boltsFixing bolts

Grout

4Cast IronSeries 60 - 30Metric sizes only

(6m Seating and 3m Unseating Head)

DESCRIPTION - a very cost effective solution

The Series 60-30 is a rectangular metal faced gate suitable for wall and thimble mounting, with on-seating heads up to 6 meters (20') and off-seating heads up to 3 meters (10'). Conventional wedges are positioned each side of the frame to apply a face to the door in the closed position.

OPTIONS

• An extensive range of operating gear can be utilised

• Faced wedges available in the same material as the sealing faces


• Sealing faces can be secured to satisfy the requirements of the American Water Works Association specifi cation - AWWA C501-92

• Circular apertures (sealing faces remain rectangular)

• Metric Sizes only

• Full and half frames available


FrameConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron for wall or thimble mounting applications.

DoorConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron designed to withstand seating heads up to 6 meters (20'), and 3 meters (10') off-seating.

Sealing FacesPhosphor bronze sealing faces to BS EN 12167:1998 are supplied as the standard material bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance to provide an effective seal.

Door and FrameThe sealing faces are fi xed securely using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

WedgesConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron to provide a large contact area with the door. The wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

Flush InvertThe resilient fl ush invert seal is bolted onto the frame invert member.

Thrust HousingManufactured in cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 with low friction washer and lubricator.

Invert SealA fl ush invert is supplied as a standard feature, the seal is manufactured from Ethylene Propylene Di-Methyl (EPDM) to ASTM D2000.

Door NutManufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications, or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for rising stem types.


TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SIDE MEMBER FLUSH INVERT SECTION & REBATE

Door

Frame

Invert sealInvert seal

11

SERIES 60 - 30

Operating StemsAlternative materials can be supplied for operating stems and extensions.

Methods of OperationThe method of operation will depend on several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive. (See page 26)(See page 26)

Alternative FrameAlternative half frame gates are also available.

FULL FRAME - Thrust Direct HALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising StemHALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising Stem

A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S V W Y Z AA AB AC AG

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS150 (6") 345 465 55 65 113 - 300 430 - - - - - - - 250 575 - - - - 4 12

200 (8") 395 565 55 65 113 - 350 290 240 - - - - - - 250 675 - - - - 6 12

225 (9") 420 615 55 65 113 - 375 330 250 - - - - - - 250 725 - - - - 6 12

250 (10") 445 665 55 65 113 - 400 365 265 - - - - - - 250 775 - - - - 6 12

300 (12") 495 765 55 65 113 - 450 440 290 - - - - - - 250 875 - - - - 6 12

350 (14") 565 885 75 70 127 - 515 510 330 - - - - - - 250 995 - - - - 6 16

400 (16") 615 985 75 70 129 - 565 585 355 - - - - - - 250 1095 - - - - 6 16

450 (18") 665 1085 75 70 131 - 615 660 380 - - - - - - 250 1195 - - - - 6 16

500 (20") 715 1185 75 70 138 - 665 375 360 405 - - - - - 250 1290 - - - - 8 16

600 (24") 815 1385 75 70 142 - 765 435 450 455 - - - - - 250 1490 - - - - 8 16

700 (28") 915 1610 75 75 156 - 865 510 525 530 - - - - - 250 1715 - - - - 8 16

750 (30") 965 1710 75 75 158 - 915 560 550 555 - - - - - 250 1815 - - - - 8 16

800 (32") 1015 1810 75 75 160 - 965 585 600 580 - - - - - 250 1915 - - - - 8 16

900 (36") 1115 2010 75 75 164 - 1065 360 360 615 630 - - - - 250 2115 - - - - 10 16

1000 (40") 1215 2210 100 105 188 - 1165 400 420 665 680 - - - - 400 2325 - - - - 10 16

1100 (44") 1315 2410 130 105 195 - 1265 450 450 735 730 - 105 - - 400 2525 500 1175 120 15 13 16

1200 (48") 1415 2610 130 105 205 - 1365 500 500 785 780 - 105 - - 400 2725 550 1275 120 15 13 16

1300 (52") 1515 2810 130 105 233 - 1465 380 380 340 835 840 105 - - 400 2725 600 1375 120 15 13 16

1400 (56") 1700 3035 160 105 240 - 1620 525 525 560 650 725 130 - - - - 650 1490 140 20 15 20

1500 (60") 1800 3235 160 105 245 - 1720 560 560 590 700 775 130 - - - - 700 1590 140 20 15 20

1600 (64") 1900 3440 160 113 234 - 1820 450 450 450 565 645 130 815 - - - 750 1690 140 20 17 20

1700 (68") 2000 4075 190 217 370 - 1920 600 500 600 800 400 160 600 - - - 1000 1880 140 20 18 20

1800 (72") 2100 3860 160 222 380 - 2020 375 375 650 650 650 130 260 840 - - 1000 1980 140 - 20 20

2000 (80") 2380 4715 210 247 420 - 2280 305 460 505 735 945 160 420 800 - - 500 2210 140 - 22 20

12

DESCRIPTION - For the USA Market

The Series 90 - 60 is a rectangular metal faced sluice/slide gate suitable for wall mounting, with on-seating heads up to 30' and off-seating heads up to 20' as standard with modifi cation higher heads available.

Sluice/slide gates for seating duties are supplied with side wedges only. Off-seating applications may require bottom and/or top wedges in addition to side wedges, depending on the operating conditions.

Flush invert sluice/slide gates are supplied as standard. Flush invert with wall fi xed or embedded inverts are standard.

OPTIONS

• Flush invert standard (eliminating grit traps)



• Fixing bolts supplied as standard

• Seals and Sealing faces comply to AWWA C560 standard, seals fi tted into a machined groove and secured with long taper countersunk screws in the same material as the sealing face, then machined fl at. Obtaining a long lasting superior product.

• Square or rectangular apertures only

• Wall mounted only, thimbles not required (see page 6)



Frame, Yoke, Pedestals, Thrust housingsConstructed in Cast Iron-ASTM A126, class B or C; or ASTM A48, class 30; or ductile iron-ASTM A536.

DoorConstructed in Cast-Iron ASTM A126, class B or C; or ASTM A48 class 30; or ductile iron-ASTM A536 designed to withstand seating heads up too 30', and 20' off-seating. Higher head designs available if needed and requested.

Sealing FacesBronze-ASTM B21, ASTM B138, ASTM B98, ASTM B139 or ASTM B584, all per AWWA C560-07, are supplied as standard materials bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance. The sealing face is fi tted into a machined groove and fi xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk (screws) pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

WedgesConstructed in Cast Iron (as above) and faced with bronze - ASTM B584, to provide a large contact area with the door. The wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

Door Thrust Nut, gate actuator lift nutManufactured from Bronze - ASTM B584, ASTM B505.

Door Stem Block, Stem couplingsManufactured from Stainless Steel - ASTM A276, type 304 or 316.

FastenersStandard fasteners are supplied in stainless steel - ASTM F593 or ASTM 594, alloy group 1 or group 2.

Alternative MaterialsAlternative materials can be supplied for operating stems, sealing faces, fasteners etc.

Methods of OperationThe method of operation will depend on several factors, which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive, and can be provided to meet client’s requirements. (See page 26)

For square gates with apertures up to 14" respectively, the wedge bars/blocks are cast integrally with the frame into which stainless steel jacking screws are fi tted to provide the wedging effect onto the door when it is in closed position.

Sluice gates with a fl ush invert resilient seal do not require bottom wedges. (Fig. 3.)

For OFF seating pressures wedges are mounted across the soffi t of the frame to mate with adjustable top wedges on the door when required. (Fig 2.)

5Cast IronSeries 90 - 60AWWA C560 (Imperial)

13

Typical arrangement of aTypical arrangement of arectangular gate with rectangular gate with micro-adjustable top, sidemicro-adjustable top, sideand bottom wedgesand bottom wedges

MICRO-ADJUSTABLESCREW JACK

FRAME

600 min

45˚

DOOR

SEALINGFACES

INVERT

D +

25

TAPEREDBOTTOMWEDGE

FRAME

SEALINGFACES

DOOR MICRO-ADJUST JACKING SCREW

PENSTOCKSPINDLE

TAPERED TOP WEDGEON DOOR

BRIDGEON FRAME

(NON RISING TYPE SHOWN)

BB

FLEXIBLE SEAL

FRAME

DOOR

F

B

DD

EPTH

E

H

A

G

WIDTH

DJ

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B

WH

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IAM

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D

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G

Q Q

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NM

LJ

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PH

INVERT

WHEN CIRCULAR,APERTURE REQUIRED

Y

OPENING

DIAMETER

SERIES 90 - 60

Fig.1 Fig.Fig.2 Fig.3

Bottom-wedge arrangementSection ZZ chase details

Top-wedge & bridge arrangement part section xx Flush Invert

Gate sizes 6"sq x 18"sq Gate Sizes 20"sq x 80"sq open or closed top

14

SERIES 90 - 60

O

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15

DESCRIPTION

The Series 160-80 is a rectangular metal faced gate suitable for wall and thimble mounting, seating heads up to 16 meters and off-seat heads up to 8 meters.

Gates for seating duties are supplied with side wedges only; off-seating applications may require bottom and/or top wedges in addition to side wedges depending on the operating conditions.

Chased invert gates are supplied as a standard. Flush invert can be supplied when specifi ed.

Conventional wedges are positioned around the frame as required to suit the duty. The wedges apply a force to the door in the closed position. During the opening and closing travel the door is retained by integral guides in the frame.

OPTIONS

• Flush invert




• Sealing faces can be secured to satisfy the requirements of BS 7775 and AWWA C560

• Circular apertures (sealing faces remain rectangular)


• Available up to 5000mm square


FrameConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron.

DoorConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron designed to withstand seating heads up to 16 meters, and 8 meters off-seating.

Sealing FacesPhosphor bronze sealing faces to BS EN 12167:1998 are supplied as the standard material bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance. The sealing face is fi xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

WedgesConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron to provide a large contact area with the door. The wedges are adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of the gate.

Flush InvertThe resilient fl ush invert seal is bolted onto the frame invert member. The seal is manufactured from Ethylene Propylene Di-Methyl (EPDM).

Thrust Housing (direct operation)Manufactured in cast iron to BS 1561 min. 250 with low friction thrust washer and lubricator.

Door NutManufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications, or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for rising stems.


Alternative MaterialsAlternative materials can be supplied for operating stems, sealing faces, fasteners etc.

Methods of OperationThe method of operation will depend on several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive, which can be provided to meet customer requirements. (See page 26)

6Cast IronSeries 160-80Metric sizes only

Securing StudsSecuring Studs

Adjusting Pins

Frame

Fixing bolts

Grout

Concretestructure

Long taperLong tapercountersunk pegscountersunk pegsLong tapercountersunk pegsLong taperLong tapercountersunk pegsLong taper

SealingSealingfacesfacesSealingfacesSealingSealingfacesSealing

DoorDoor

Large contact area wedgeLarge contact area wedgeLarge contact

TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SIDE MEMBER

16

SERIES 160 - 80

SIZE RANGE 150 TO 1500mm Sq. Dia. (Refer to both tables)A N R S T U V W Y AA AB AC AD AE AF AG

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS150 280 45 275 160 - - - - 6 45 100 12 4 65200 330 45 300 235 - - - - 6 45 100 12 4 65250 380 45 375 260 - - - - 6 60 125 16 4 65300 430 45 425 310 - - - - 6 60 125 16 4 65350 510 65 240 320 280 - - - 8 60 125 16 6 65400 560 65 265 345 330 - - - 8 60 125 16 6 65450 610 65 290 365 385 - - - 8 60 125 16 6 65500 660 65 315 400 425 - - - 8 60 125 16 6 65600 760 65 365 450 525 - - - 8 60 125 16 6 65700 940 80 425 625 625 - - - 8 75 200 24 6 65750 990 80 450 650 650 - - - 8 75 200 24 6 65800 1040 80 480 700 700 - - - 8 75 200 24 6 65900 1140 80 700 600 600 - - - 8 75 200 24 6 651000 1240§ 80 750 750 750 - - - 8 75 200 24 6 651100 1340§ 100 830 810 810 - 600 1225 11 75 200 24 9 190 651200 1440§ 100 900 900 900 - 600 1325 11 75 200 24 9 190 651300 1540§ 100 400 650 900 900 650 1450 13 75 200 24 11 190 651400 1640§ 100 700 500 900 900 650 1550 13 75 200 24 11 190 651500 1740§ 100 700 600 900 900 750 1650 15 75 200 24 11 190 65

A B C D d E F H J K L M

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS150 320 425 225 90 75 70 120 - 510 250 635200 370 525 300 90 75 70 135 - 595 250 735250 420 625 375 90 75 70 120 - 710 250 835300 470 725 450 90 75 70 125 210 810 250 935350 580 835 525 115 100 70 170 235 920 300 1045400 630 935 600 115 100 70 175 235 1020 300 1145450 680 1035 675 115 100 70 175 235 1120 300 1245500 730 1155 750 115 100 90 185 290 1240 400 1365600 830 1350 900 115 125 90 190 290 1440 400 1565700 1020 1710 1050 160 125 135 250 395 1830 400 1935750 1070 1810 1125 160 125 135 255 395 1930 400 2035800 1120 1910 1200 160 125 135 265 395 2030 400 2135900 1220 2110 1350 160 125 135 275 395 2230 500 23351000 1320 2310 1500 160 125 135 280 400 2430 500 25351100 1420 2510 1650 160 125 135 280 510 2630 500 27351200 1520 2710 1800 160 125 135 290 490 2830 500 29351300 1620 2910 1950 160 125 135 295 480 ‡ 500 ‡1400 1720 3110 2100 160 125 135 300 550 ‡ 500 ‡1500 1820 3310 2250 160 125 135 310 600 ‡ 500 ‡

AE No. holes left in Wall AB sq. x AC deep for AD dia. fi xing boltsAD dia. fi xing bolts

§ Central fi xing holeon sizes 1100mmand above.

AA No. holes left in Wall.

HALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising Stem FULL FRAME - Thrust Direct

Flanged back type illustrated.

17

SERIES 160 - 80

A B C D d E F G H J K L M N

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS1600 2000 3550 2430 230 120 180 350 550 1900 100 465 860 7751700 2100 3750 2580 230 120 180 355 560 200 100 760 720 7201800 2200 3950 2730 230 120 180 360 570 2100 100 860 720 7002000 2400 4350 3030 230 120 180 370 580 2300 100 900 800 7502100 2500 4550 3180 230 120 180 375 590 2400 100 950 850 8002200 2600 4750 3330 230 120 180 380 600 2500 100 950 950 8002300 2700 4950 3480 230 120 200 385 625 2600 100 950 950 9002400 2800 5150 3630 230 120 200 390 625 2700 100 1000 1000 8502500 2900 5250 3780 230 120 200 395 650 2800 100 1000 1000 9503000 3400 6350 4530 230 120 200 420 700 3300 130 930 880 880

A P Q R S T U V W X Y AA AB Ab AC

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS1600 650 800 - - 500 - - 150 1750 650 - 17 13 901700 350 600 600 - 525 - - 150 1850 675 - 19 15 901800 420 625 625 - 550 - - 150 1950 700 - 19 15 902000 550 675 675 - 600 - - 150 2150 800 - 19 15 902100 550 700 700 - 625 - - 150 2250 850 - 19 15 902200 600 725 725 - 650 - - 150 2350 900 - 19 15 902300 650 750 750 - 675 - - 150 2450 500 500 21 17 902400 700 800 800 - 700 - - 150 2550 550 550 21 17 902500 800 800 800 - 700 - - 150 2650 600 600 21 17 903000 840 950 950 950 *300 600 500 150 3150 750 700 26 22 900

FULL FRAME - Thrust Direct

SIZE RANGE 1600 to 3000mm Sq. or Dia.(Refer to both tables)

Steel crossbeams

AB No. holes left in Wall

Recommendedlifting holes

Invert

AB No. holes left in WallRecommendedlifting holes

Invert

HALF FRAME - Thrust Remote Rising Stem

Sizes up to 5000mm Sq. Details upon request.

1. No hole on centre line (marked*)

18

DESCRIPTION

Weir gates are utilised in water and sewage plants for accurate regulation or measurement of fl ow.

Operation of the weir gate is opposite to that of a conventional sluice/slide gate, with the door opening downwards.

OPTIONS

• Alternative trim materials

• Face plate on door

• Fixing bolts supplied if requested

• Clear opening type gate (no fl ow restriction by stem)


Size RangeThe weir gate series is available in both square and rectangular apertures; the size range available is extensive and details are available on request.

FrameConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 iron for wall mounting applications. The sealing face is fi xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

DoorConstructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron designed to withstand seating and off seating pressure as required. Door sealing face as standard is machined cast iron. When required door can be fully faced with copper alloy. Option for perimeter sealing (fully closed position) only.

Sealing FacesPhosphor bronze sealing faces to BS EN 12167:1998 are supplied as the standard material bedded to 0.1mm feeler gauge non-acceptance. The sealing face is fi xed securely to the frame using long taper countersunk pegs in the same material as the sealing face.

Pressure AdjustersManufactured from BS EN 1561 min. 250 cast iron.

Side BarsDuring operation a force is applied to the sealing faces by springs positioned along the side of the frame.faces by springs positioned along the side of the frame.

Pressure PlatesAdjustable cast iron pressure plates are used as an alternative to side bars on certain sizes of weir gate.

Alternative MaterialsA wide range of alternative materials can be supplied for pressure adjusters, operating stem, fasteners etc.


Door NutManufactured from phosphor bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for non-rising stem applications; or cast iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for non rising stems.

Methods of OperationThe method of operation will depend on several factors which are outside the control of the gate manufacturer, but the range of operating gear available is extensive and can be provided to meet customer requirements. (See page 26)

The following types of weir gates are manufactured:Type A weir gates of the screw-down variety with rising or non-rising stems, the stem operates through a nut which is either housed in the door for the non-rising types or housed in handwheel, gearbox or actuator for the rising types.

Type B Screw-down weir gates with unobstructed openings, the rising stem is attached to a horizontal lifting beam above the opening and operates the door by lifting rods fi tted to each side of the door.

For accurate measurement of fl ow, Type B weir gates are recommended because the stem does not obstruct the fl ow over the weir. Indicators with metric or imperial graduations can be fi tted for the application.

7Cast IronWeir Gates

TYPE A TYPE B

Weir Edge

Stem

Door

Side BarPressure Plates

Stem

LiftingBeamLiftingBeamLifting

LiftingRodLiftingRodLifting

SealingFacesSealingFacesSealing

Weir Edge

Side BarPressurePlates

Door

19

DESCRIPTION

The Fabricated Stainless Steel Gate is a rectangular faced gate designed to meet the ever changing fl uid handling demands of customers, combining the latest in gate design and parametrics software.

The generic gate design, which is tailored using parametrics software, develops and individualises the gate to suit specifi c duty and aperture requirements.

The Fabricated Stainless Steel Series also offers greatly enhanced levels of customer service, reduced design drawing turnaround, improved reply to enquires and an enhanced delivery performance.

OPTIONS

• Size Range 400mm2 upto 3000mm2

MOUNTING

• Wall

• Channel

• Side Wall


Frame Open top and full frame versions are available. The frames are manufactured from stainless steel 304L or 316L grades.

DoorDesign for high impact whilst incorporating a lightweight single skin design with rib reinforcing manufactured in stainless steel to 304L or 316L grades. The number of reinforcing ribs will vary according to the specifi c duty and size requirements.

Sealing FacesThe sealing arrangements combine the use of resilient and or synthetic materials.

InvertA fl ush invert is utilised as standard on the Fabricated Stainless Steel Series (to ensure a smooth fl ow with a positive seal and allowing complete drainage at the invert of the gate.

Wedging / Pressure Pad AssemblyWedging / Pressure Pad AssemblyWAn adjustable wedging or pressure pad assembly is included within the design to accommodate specifi ed duties, wear in service and ensure a positive seal.

StemRising or non-rising type in stainless steel to 304 or 316 grades. Extension stems are in the same material.

Frame YokeFrame yokes are fi tted when thrust is required to be taken by the frame and positioned to allow removal of the door. The yoke material is the same material as for the frame.

Fixing BoltsCan be supplied when requested.

8Stainless SteelFabricated Slide GatesAWWA C561

20

DESCRIPTION

The Composite2 Series 50-40 (in the USA better known as Coplastix®) is a rectangular faced sluice/slide gate designed and manufactured to suit industrial and domestic effl uent environments.

Utilization of the latest synthetic materials: for sealing mechanisms and door construction combined with the use of steel or stainless steel in the construction of the gate frame. Gates suitable for use in water, sewage and effl uent treatments plants. Available for wall, channel and special mounting arrangements, provided with either manual or power actuators, manufactured in sizes ranging from 12"to 120" square as standard, with smaller or larger sizes available upon request.

(In the USA Coplastix® is trade named by Ashbrook Corp. in other parts of the World it is trade named by Ham Baker).


FramesFrames are manufactured from A36 carbon steel and epoxy coated or stainless steel grades 304L or 316L. Carbon steel frames are coated to suit there installed

environment: seawater, potable water (NSF61) or sewage application, stainless steel - natural fi nish. The gate frames for both wall and channel mounting (downward closing) have a resilient fl ush invert seal to allow smooth transmission of the fl ow through the orifi ce. Weir gates (downward opening) are the same gates with frames rotated 180 degrees and the stem going through the frame invert.

Frame SealsThe sealing arrangements for the Composite2 Series 50-40 gates combine the use of resilient and low friction synthetic materials, which ensures a high degree of sealing with easy movement.

DoorsDoors are manufactured as a composite sandwich construction comprising a lightweight rigid, cellular core with a fully welded steel box section matrix between two other skins of rigid, compressed composite plastic which has internal Kevlar (Aramid) reinforcing fi bers. Ultra violet stabilised, rigid and non toxic. All materials are chemically bonded and sealed. Doors for non-rising stem gates have a stainless steel lining tube inside the central vertical box section of the inner matrix.

StemRising or non-rising type in stainless steel (304) or (316) with extension stems in the same material as standard.

Frame YokesFrame yokes form an integral part of the frame and are positioned to allow removal of the door should this be necessary. The yoke material is the same as for the frame.

9Composite2 Series 50 - 40AWWA C563

Fig.1 Invert Rebate Details

RANGE J T V W XDIMENSIONS IN INCHES

SMALL 4 2 3.15 6.5 8.5MEDIUM 4.75 2.35 3.15 7.75 9.25LARGE 5.75 3.15 4 9.5 11.5

21

COMPOSITE2 SERIES 50 - 40

Stem Lift NutsThe stem nuts are phosphor bronze stainless steel. For non-rising stems, the nut is housed in a stainless steel bracket secured to top of the gate door. For rising stems, the nut is housed in the operator and is bronze.

Fixing BoltsAre supplied in stainless steel grade 316.

Pressure PadsAdjustable pressure pads are fi tted as standard and pre-set at the works to provide maximum degree of water tightness.

WEIR (Downward Opening)Composite2 weir gates are constructed as described for the wall mounted type other than the stem is secured to the lower edge of the gate door via a stainless steel bracket, thus permitting maximum inhibited fl ow over the upper weir edge of the door. Flush invert does not apply for weir gates, however top seals can be fi tted. The sealing arrangements for the Composite2 gates combine the use of resilient and low friction synthetic materials which ensures a high degree of sealing with easy movement.

ADJUSTABLESEAL

DOOR

X

V

FLEXIBLE SEAL

GROUT

FIXED SEAL

SEAL ADJUSTER

OPENING WIDTH 'A'

CONCRETE

SEALING FACESCOPLASTIX 'S'

FRAME

HOLES FOR WALL FIXING

DOOR

BACKING STRIPCOPLASTIX 'N'

GROUT

'X'

ADJUST ABLESEAL

DOOR

FLEXIBLE SEAL

GROUT

FIXED SEALSEAL ADJUSTER

SMALL RANGE = 80

MEDIUM RANGE =95

LARGE RANGE = 125

'M'25 GROUT

INVERT

OPE

NIN

G D

EPTH

'B'

'J'

SOFFIT (TOP OF DOOR)

OPE

NIN

G D

EPTH

'B'

'G'

100

'G'

'F'

'E'

'K'

INVERT

OPENING WIDTH 'A'

'C' CRS

'D'

'H' No. HOLES TO SUITHD BOLTS

'L'

FRAME

DOOR

BACKING STRIPCOPLASTIX 'N'

GROUTCONCRETE

HOLES FOR WALL FIXING

OPENING WIDTH 'A'

SEALING FACESCOPLASTIX 'S'

Fig.2 Fig.3

Fig.4 Fig.5

Section showing invert seal arrangement for wall mounted gate with recess

Section showing side seal arrangement for wall mounted gate

Section showing invert seal arrangement for wall mounted gate without recess

Section showing side seals arrangement for weir productsOverall dimensions diagram of weir gates

22

PREPARATION AND PROTECTIVE COATING

The following coating systems are offered by Ham Baker as standard.PS42 - POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONS 1) Grit Blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5. 2) 3 coats 2 pack Black High Build Epoxy (COPON KSIR88 OR EQUAL), each coat to be 100 microns average dry fi lm thickness.

Giving a fi nal coating thickness of 300 microns.This is a 2 pack Epoxy high performance coating system with WRAS approval for use in Potable water.PS46 - ALL OTHER APPLICATIONS 1) Grit Blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5. 2) 1 coat 2 pack Black High Build Epoxy (COPON KSIR88 OR EQUAL), the coat to be 150 microns average dry fi lm thickness.Giving a fi nal coating thickness of 150 microns.This is a 2pack Epoxy high performance coating system developed in conjunction with the paint manufacturer to give optimum performance in all none potable applications.

10Technical DetailsFor USA NSF61 and Wastewater needs,comparable systems are provided.

Standard Paint Specifi cation

PS42 - High Build 2 Pack

Epoxy Coating System

with WRAS approval for all

materials.

PS46 - High Build 2 Pack

Epoxy Coating System.

Application

Seawater/Potable/Seawater: Cast

Iron and Mild Steel below Floor/

Operating level.

Seawater/Potable/Seawater: Cast

Iron and Mild Steel below Floor/

Operating level.

Surface Treatment

1. Grit blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5

2. 3 Coat of 2 pack black High Build Epoxy

Final coating thickness: 300 microns average dry fi lm thickness.

This coating has been tested to BS 6920 and has been approved by

WRAS for use in water intended for human consumption.

1. Grit blast to ISO8501:1988 Sa2.5

2. 1 Coat of 2 pack black High Build Epoxy

Final coating thickness: 150 microns average dry fi lm thickness. This

coating has good resistance to abrasion and mechanical damage. Is

unaffected by fuel oil, chemical products, aviation fuel and sour gas

mixtures. It is also suitable for use up to a 120°C dry heat.

Note on paint specifi cations: Average of paint thickness readings taken over a square meter should equal or exceed the defi ned thickness stipulated. In no case should any reading be less than 75% of the stipulated thickness.

SIZES

BS7775 ‘Specifi cation for Penstocks’ provides useful information regarding sizes for gates. Gates are suitable for three shapes of aperture

• Square

• Rectangular

• CircularStandard Rectangular Gates have an aspect ratio (width divided by depth) between 0.5 and 2. Gates outside this range can be considered but will be special designs.

Cast Iron Circular gates below 600mm to 1000mm in diameter, depending on type, have a circular sealing face. For all other circular gates the sealing face is as a square gate.

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

1. GeneralGates are installed in civil engineering structures. When a gate is fully open, the head loss attributable to the gate alone is generally quite small compared to the losses due alone is generally quite small compared to the losses due to the civil engineering structure. An exception to this is a to the civil engineering structure. An exception to this is a channel mounted gate where the top water level is above channel mounted gate where the top water level is above the top of the door opening.the top of the door opening.

2. Discharge through an orifi ceThis type of fl ow occurs where a gate controls fl ow into or out of a tank or other large container. If the gate is fully submerged, the fl ow through an open or partially open gate and its associated civil engineering structure opening will be given by q = CA √(2gH) Whereq is the discharge rate - cubic meters per second

C is a discharge coeffi cient generally taken to be 0.7

A is the aperture area - square meters The aperture area is the gate opening if the gate is

fully open. If the gate is not fully open, the aperture area will be reduced.

H is the differential head at the centre of the opening - meters The differential head is the difference between the

upstream and down stream water levels.g is the acceleration due to gravity - 9.81 m/s2For example a gate 1.5 meters wide by 2 meters deep with a 6 meter differential head at the centre of the door will discharge 22.8 cubic meters per second.

23

A graph of a range of discharges for different gate apertures and differential heads is shown below.

Fig. 1 - Graph of Discharge against Head

3. Channel mounted gatesIf a channel mounted gate is fully open and the top of the gate opening is above the water level in the channel, then the head loss results from disturbed fl ow in the rebates in the channel walls in which the gate frame is mounted. These losses can generally be disregarded provided that the channel is not obstructed. Channel mounted gates usually have fl ush inverts.

When a gate is in a channel and is partially closed, or the water level is above the top of the door opening, the calculations are complex. Reference should be made to a suitable publication on civil engineering hydraulics.

ReferencesOpen Channel HydraulicsBy V T ChowMcGraw-Hill Education

Open Channel FlowBy F M HendersonMacmillan USA

Hydraulic Gates and Valves in Free Surface Flow andSubmerged OutletsBy J LewinBritish Nuclear Energy Society

4. Weir GatesWeir Gates behave in their discharge capability as a rectangular weir with partial end contractions, the extent of the end contraction being infl uenced by the civil engineering design in the locality of the weir.

An approximation to the discharge is given by Q = 1.73 WH1.5WhereQ is the discharge rate - cubic meters per second

W is the width of the weir opening - meters

H is the head at the weir crest - meters

For example a weir 2 meters wide having a water depth of 200mm (0.2m) at the crest will discharge 0.31 cubic meters per second.

If the weir is used as a fl ow measuring or control device reference should be made to BS 3680-4A:1981 ‘Methods of measurement of liquid fl ow in open channels. Weirs and fl umes. Methods using thin plate weirs’ for channel design and relative water levels.

LEAKAGE

Ham Baker gates will be virtually drop-tight at their working pressure if installation has been carried out correctly.

Leakage rates are infl uenced by

• The head

• The seating direction, on or off

• The correct installation of the gate

• Time

An on-seating gate will leak less with increasing head.

An off-seating gate will leak more with an increasing head.

Gates subject to an on-seating head seal more tightly than those subject to an off-seating head.

If the gate is installed so that the frame is twisted, then the leakage rate will increase. Gates should be installed by experienced contractors and mounted on grout.

Over the course of time after closure of the gate, the leakage rate will decrease as leakage paths are blocked by small pieces of debris in the water.

From the above it is clear that if leakage is required to be minimised, then the gate should be confi gured so that it is on-seating.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

24

Allowable Leakage RatesLeakage rates are defi ned by the amount of water which leaks through a 1 meter length of seal in 1 minute.BS 7775:1995 leakage rates apply to gates subject to a head of 6 meters or less and widths of 2 meters or less.

Gates with metal seals (Cast Iron Gates)The allowable leakage rates listed are derived from BS 7775 ‘Specifi cation for Gates’ and AWWA C560-07 ‘AWWA Standard for Cast Iron Sluice Gates’ as appropriate, shown in (gpm/ft)

On-seating head Allowable leakage rate

Any head 1.25 litres/min/m (0.1gpm/ft)

Off-seating head Allowable leakage rate

Up to 6 meters 2.5 litres/min/m (0.2gpm/ft)

Up to 9 meters 3.0 litres/min/m



Leakage rates for off-seating heads greater than15 meters will be advised on request.

Gates with resilient rubber or plastic seals

On-seating head Allowable leakage rate


Off-seating head Allowable leakage rate


For example, a 1500mm wide by 2000mm deep cast iron gate subject to an off-seating head of 9 meters would have a seal periphery of 2(1.5+2) = 7m and allowable leakage rate of 3.0 litres/min/m.

Therefore maximum allowable leakage rate = 7 x 3 = 21 litres/min.

On-site Leakage Test According to BS 7775& AWWA C560, 561 & 563Before a site leakage test is undertaken the installer shall ensure that the gate and its associated operating equipment have been correctly installed and fi xed in position. Gates and associated operating equipment shall be installed strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Final adjustments to the gate shall be made and all moving parts shall be operated through one complete open and shut cycle to confi rm proper operation before the leakage test commences.

Measurement of the liquid loss through the seals shall be Measurement of the liquid loss through the seals shall be carried out in such a way that any leaks from between the carried out in such a way that any leaks from between the gate frame and the structure shall not affect the result of gate frame and the structure shall not affect the result of

the test. Tests shall be carried out over a period of 30 minutes.

FOUNDATION LOADS AND OPERATING FORCES

Precise foundation loads can be given by Ham Baker once a gate has been specifi ed. As a guide to the foundation loads to be expected, the following formulae can be used.

A gate exerts two types of load on the civil engineering structure.• Hydrostatic• Operating

Note on heads.Heads for gates are specifi ed to the invert in BS 7775. These heads can be used conservatively for these calculations. More accurately, the head at the centre of the door should be used, this is the head at the invert less half the door depth.

1. Hydrostatic Force.The hydrostatic load F is the force of the water against the gate door, which will be transferred to the civil engineering structure by the gate frame. This force acts horizontally.

The force F is given by (approximately)

F=10HA where F is in units of kN

H is the maximum differential head at the centre of the door - meters. This should be the worst case which could occur.A is the door area in square meters

For example a 1.5 meter square door with a head at the centre of the door of 6 meters will experience a hydrostatic force of F= 10 x 6 x 1.52 that is F=135 kN

2. Operating ForceThis is the force required to open and close the gate door.

The civil engineering structure will experience this load where the gate operating device is connected to the civil engineering structure and the gate frame is connected to the civil engineering structure.However the civil engineering structure will not experience this force if the gate operating device is connected directly to the gate or the thrust reaction is taken at the top of the gate frame.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

H

P

P

F

25

The normal operating force of the gate P can be taken as fi rst approximation as

P= 0.5F kN where F is defi ned above

This force acts vertically and can be up or down. For example the 1.5 meter square door with a head at the centre of the door of 6 meters considered above will have an operating force

P= 0.5 x 135 = 67.5kN

In addition to the normal operating condition, a fault condition Pf

(e.g. actuator limit switch failure, or excessive force applied to the operating hand wheel) should be considered.

Pf = 2F kN where F is defi ned above

The operator generates a torque, but the forces associated with this can be neglected for a fi rst approximation.

The weight of the gate is usually secondary to the operating force, except for low head applications.

STEM DIAMETER

This is determined by many factors, included in these are

• The stem should not fail due to yield or buckling during normal operation.

• The stem should not fail due to yielding under the worst fault condition.

• The slenderness ratio of the stem should be less than 250 or 200 if specifi ed. The slenderness ratio is the length of a stem section between guides divided by a quarter of the stem diameter.

• The stem should be self-sustaining (that is the weight of the gate door should not back-drive the stem through its power screw.

HANDWHEEL AND TEE KEY EFFORT

The efforts considered below are for normal operation of the gate against the specifi ed heads. For a manually operated gate the handwheel effort is limited to 250 N (55 lbf) as a single pull on the rim unless otherwise specifi ed.

A Tee Key is usually 500mm across the handle and has a push/pull effort limited to 125N thus generating a torque of 62.5 Nm.

MANUAL OPERATION OF ELECTRIC ACTUATORS

Where a handwheel is fi tted to an electric actuator as

an auxiliary method of operation, the handwheel effort is limited to 250N if this is reasonable. Although the handwheel effort can be limited to 250N in most cases, this increases the complexity of the gate drive.

For larger gates (above about 2000mm square) manual operation of the actuator for a full stroke of the door is not practicable due to the excessive number of turns required. If the gate must be operable in the case of electrical failure, provision can be made for an auxiliary power device such as a mobile internal combustion engine power pack.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

BS EN 1092-2 : 1997 Flanges and their joints; Circular fl anges for pipes, valves, fi ttings and accessories; PN designated; Cast Iron Flanges

BS EN 1561 : 1997 Founding - Grey Cast IronsBS EN 1982 : 1999 Copper and Copper Alloys :

Ingots and CastingsBS 7775 : 1995 Specifi cation for PenstocksBS EN 10025 : 1993 Hot rolled products of non-alloy

structured steels. Technical delivery conditions.

BS EN 12167 : 1998 Copper and Copper Alloys : Profi les and rectangular bar for general purposes.

ANSI/AWWA C5ANSI/AWWA C5ANSI/ 60 Standard for Cast Iron sluice gates

ANSI/AWWA C5ANSI/AWWA C5ANSI/ 61 Standard for Fabricated Stainless Steel Slide Gates

ANSI/AWWA C5ANSI/AWWA C5ANSI/ 63 Standard for Fabricated Composite Slide Gates

Special designs for non-standard sizesand high heads are available in

CAST IRON • COMPOSITESTAINLESS STEEL

TECHNICAL DETAILS

26

11Operating Gear

SELECTION

• Remote operation

• Thrust direct on frame

• Non-rising extension systems

Floor pillarwith electric actuator

Floor pillar with bevel gear box

Handwheel with deck stuffi ng box

Cap direct on stem in surface box

Indicating fl oorpillar with handwheel

Handwheel direct on stem with guide plate

Floor pillar with handwheel on wall/coping bracket

Extension stem

Stem coupling

Screwed operating stem

Door Guide

Wedges

Door Nut

Door

Non-rising stem rotate through a non-ferrous nut in the gate door. The screwed portion of the stem at the bottom is probably immersed in the water/effl uent etc.

Full FrameUsed where thrust reaction is accommodated at the top of the frame.

27

SELECTION

• Remote operation

• Thrust remote from frame

• Rising extension systems

OPERATING GEAR

Floor pillar withelectric actuator andrising extension stemwith protection tube

Floor pillar withbevel gearboxand risingextension stemwith/without protection tube

Floor pillar withhandwheeland risingextension stemwith/without protection tube

Hydraulic orpneumatic linear

actuator

Floor pillar withhandwheeland risingextension stemon wall bracketwith/withoutprotection tube

Operating stem

Stem coupling

Stem guide

Door guide

Door nut

Wedges

Door

Rising stems are connected to the gate door via the door nut and work through a revolving non-ferrous nut located in the operating gear.

The screw thread at the top of the stem is generally not immersed and is readily accessible for lubrication.

Half FrameUsed where thrust reaction is accommodated at a point other than the top of the frame.

HAM BAKER FLOW CONTROL LTDGarner StreetEtruriaStoke-on-TrentStaffordshireST4 7BHTel +44 (0) 1782 202300Fax +44 (0) 1782 203639Fax +44 (0) 1782 203639Faxwww.hambaker.co.uk

HAM BAKER INSTALLATIONSGarner StreetEtruriaStoke-on-TrentStaffordshireST4 7BHTel +44 (0) 1782 202300Fax +44 (0) 1782 203639Fax +44 (0) 1782 203639Faxwww.hambaker.co.uk

HAM BAKER MIDDLE EAST FZCOJebel Ali Free ZoneFZS1AE07DubaiUnited Arab EmiratesPO BOX 261378Tel +971 (0) 488 60700Fax +971 (0) 488 60701

HAM BAKER INCDistribution Center5000 AskinsHoustonTexas77093Tel +1 281.590.1500Fax +1 281.590.1506www.hambaker.us

Sales Offi ce5236 Roanoke DriveWeldon SpringMissouri63304USATel +1 281.590.1500Fax +1 281.590.1506Cell (832) 683 2358www.hambaker.us

HAMEast

HAMBAKERMiddleEast

BS EN ISO 9001:2000

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