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New Testament Background. Palestine in the Days of Jesus. Palestine in the Days of Jesus. Judea •Jerusalem•Bethlehem•Mt. of Olives Samaria Galilee •Nazareth•Capernaum. Palestine in the Days of Jesus. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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New Testament New Testament Background Background
Palestine in the Days Palestine in the Days
of Jesusof Jesus
Palestine in the Days of JesusPalestine in the Days of JesusPalestine in the Days of JesusPalestine in the Days of Jesus
JudeaJudea•Jerusalem
•Bethlehem •Mt. of Olives
SamariaSamaria
GalileeGalilee
•Nazareth•Capernaum
Palestine in the Days of JesusPalestine in the Days of JesusPalestine in the Days of JesusPalestine in the Days of Jesus
Other Other Features:Features:
•Sea of Galilee•Jordan River•Dead Sea•Great Sea
(Mediterranean Sea) •Decapolis •Caesarea
Philippi
The Family Line of HerodThe Family Line of HerodDates Names Scriptures
37 - 4 BC Herod the Great Matt 2:1
4 BC - AD 39
Herod AntipasTetrarch of Galilee and Perea
Luke 3:1, Mark 6:17-29, 8:15, etc.
4 BC - AD 6
Herod ArchelausEthnarch of Samaria, Judea,
and IdumeaMatt 2:22
4 BC - AD 39
Herod PhilipTertrarch of Iturea and
TrachonitisLuke 3:1
AD 37 - 44
Herod Agrippa I(see above*)
Acts 12:1-3, 21-23
53 - 93
Herod Agrippa IITetrarch of Iturea and
Trachonitis; c. 56 also parts of Galilee and Perea
Acts 25:13-26:32
Question:Question:
Take a few minutes and reflect on Take a few minutes and reflect on these questions, these questions,
1.1. What are the core issues/values in What are the core issues/values in your life? your life?
2.2. What can you not live without?What can you not live without?
3.3. Maybe ask it this way, what Maybe ask it this way, what defines your life? defines your life?
Second Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple Judaism
Jesus is Lord defines the core of early Judaism as the Four Pillars of Four Pillars of JudaismJudaism (pg. 65)
1. Monotheism
2. Election
3. Covenant
4. Land
Second Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple Judaism
Let’s now examine those cultural/religious/political entities which make up what is commonly called:
Second-Temple JudaismSecond-Temple Judaism (Judaism in Jesus’ Day)
Second Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple Judaism
a. Toraha. Torah
Law plus Oral Tradition
Second Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple Judaism
b. Templeb. Temple
Holy building with compromised leaders
Court of Gentiles
Court of Women
Court of Israel
Holy of Holies
Holy Place
(35 acres)(35 acres)
TempleTempleTempleTemple
““Culture Centers…”Culture Centers…”
“… consist in the point or points in a society where its leading ideasleading ideas come together with its leading leading institutionsinstitutions to create an arena in which the events that most vitally affect its members’ lives take place.”
Clifford Geertz, Local Knowledge
Second Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple Judaism
c. Landc. Land
God’s Chosen people as Tenants
Second Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple JudaismSecond Temple Judaism
d. Messianic Hoped. Messianic Hope
Davidic Messiah (Warrior-King) to Restore Land
Priestly Messiah to Restore Temple & Law
Religious / Political GroupsReligious / Political GroupsReligious / Political GroupsReligious / Political Groups
1.1. Pharisees (and scribes)Pharisees (and scribes)
Primarily 1st half of Gospels. Jesus was a threat to their teaching
2. Sadducees (and chief priests)Sadducees (and chief priests)
Primarily 2nd half of Gospels. Jesus was threat to the temple practices.
3. EssenesEssenes
Qumran / Dead Sea (Maybe John the Baptist)
4. Revolutionaries / ZealotsRevolutionaries / Zealots
Simon the Zealot (maybe Judas Iscariot)
Religious / Political GroupsReligious / Political GroupsReligious / Political GroupsReligious / Political Groups
5. Samaratians5. Samaratians
Luke 10 / John 4 / Acts 1:8Luke 10 / John 4 / Acts 1:8
6. Herodians6. Herodians
Mark 3:6, 12:13Mark 3:6, 12:13
7. Sanhedrin / Jewish Ruling Council7. Sanhedrin / Jewish Ruling Council
At trial of Jesus in GospelsAt trial of Jesus in Gospels
At trials of Apostles in Book of ActsAt trials of Apostles in Book of Acts
Literature of the JewsLiterature of the JewsLiterature of the JewsLiterature of the Jews
1. Old Testament / Hebrew Bible1. Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
•Hebrew •Septuagint (LXX)
2. Rabbinic Writings2. Rabbinic Writings
•Talmud (Codification of the Oral Tradition)
•Targums (Aramaic Translation of the OT)
3. Dead Sea Scrolls3. Dead Sea Scrolls
4. Apocrypha4. Apocrypha