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NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE PROCESSING - CONVERSION
NEWMOA Solid Waste Program Staff Workshop – May 11, 2017
Managing change
in a resource-
constrained world.
ORGANICS MANAGEMENT
WASTE RECOVERY
GLOBAL CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY
© RRS 20172
3
CHANGE IN PAPER AND PACKAGING FROM 1990-2012
MSW RECOVERY RATE (1960 – 2012)*
*Moore and Associates – April 2015
6.4% 6.6%9.6%
16.0%
28.5%
34.0% 34.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2012
5
THE U.S. WASTE AND RECOVERY SYSTEM
*US EPA defines Recovery Rate as Recycling and Composting. 65% of US population has curbside access.
C&D is accounted for separately.
25.4%*Avgrecycling rate
52.8%Landfill
12.9% Waste to Energy
MU
NIC
IPA
L S
OL
ID W
AS
TE
34.3%2013 US Recovery Rate*
8.9%Avgorganics recycling rate
ASPIRATION
Zero Waste
Circular Economy
40% RECYCLABLE
30% COMPOSTABLE
10% CURRENTLY NOT
ABLE TO RECOVER
20% IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOVER
ONLY ABOUT 70% OF
THE US WASTE STREAM
CAN CURRENTLY BE
RECYCLED OR
COMPOSTED.
PHOTO BY RECYCLED BEAUTY / CALLAWAYPHOTO.COM
51%
CURRENT MAXIMUM FACILITY
RECOVERY
40% RECYCLABLE
30% COMPOSTABLE
10% CURRENTLY NOT
ABLE TO RECOVER
20% IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOVER
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PATHWAYS
10© RRS 2017
• Methane
• Compost
• Compost Tea
• Liquid Digestate
• Heat
• Power
• Refinement for
Transportation
THERMAL
COMBUSTION GASIFICATION PYROLYSIS
HEAT FUEL GASES(producer gas)
(CO + H2+CH4)
CHAR, GASES, AEROSOLS (syn gas)
• Heat, power, or combined heat & power (CHP)
• Boiler, steam turbine
• Co-fire with coal (all commercial)
• Burn gas for hot water/steam (commercial)
• Use in engine for CHP (pre-commercial)
• Catalytic conversion to alcohols, chemicals, synthetic diesel (development
• Torrefied wood for pellets, coal replacement
• Pyrolysis oil for boilers and power (early commercial)
• Specialty chemicals (commercial)
• Further refining for transportation fuels (development)
BIOCHEMICAL
DIGESTION
METHANE(CH4)
ETHANOL, BIODIESEL
FERMENTATION
TRANSESTERIFICATION
PRETREATMENT
MASS BURN
REFUSE FUEL
GASIFICATION
PYROLYSIS/ GASIFICATION
ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC DIGESTION
Clim
ate
Cha
nge,
Hum
an
Hea
lth,
Ec
o T
oxic
ity
Low
High
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
PYROLYSIS/ GASIFICATION
GASIFICATION
MASS BURN
REFUSE FUEL
ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC DIGESTION
Seed
Fun
din
g, D
eb
t, Ins
ura
nce,
and
Pub
lic
Perc
ep
tion
Low
High
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY: FINANCIAL RISK
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY COMPARISON
FEEDSTOCKS PRODUCTS WASTES COMMERCIAL STATUS RISK FACTORS
Thermal - Mass Burn
Raw MSW with some
sorting (e.g. ferrous,
bulky)
Electricity or
Combined Heath
and Power
Ash and Stack
EmissionsWell established
Expensive, emissions,
ash is hazardous,
incomplete (60%
disp)
Thermal - RDF
Dry plastics and
cellulosic wastes (e.g.
paper, and wood)
Fuel Pellets
Process Waste, Ash,
Stack Emissions
(reduced)
Established, but uncertain
due to market risks
Processing equipment
upkeep,
fluctuating/low
energy prices
Gasification
Raw MSW with some
sorting (e.g. ferrous,
bulky)
Syngas, Synfuels Stack EmissionsFew to no commercial
scale installations in US
Scale up financial
risks, limited
conventional
financing options.
Pyrolysis
Dry plastics and
cellulosic wastes (e.g.
paper, and wood)
Diesel, Char, Oils,
and Energy
Stack Emissions,
Char and Ash
Few to no commercial
scale installations in US
Scale up financial
risks, limited
conventional
financing options.
Digestion
Yard waste and SSO.
Industrial organic
wastes.
Methane and
compost
Screened overs
(solid digestate)
and liquid disposal.
Both anaerobic and
aerobic (composting)
established.
AD is costly and both
types of digestions
encounter odor
concerns
13© RRS 2017
TIMEFRAMES FOR ENGINEER/PROCURE/CONSTRUCT (EPC)
FEEDSTOCKS ENGINEER/PROCURE CONSTRUCT TOTAL TIME
Thermal - Mass Burn
Raw MSW with some
sorting (e.g. ferrous,
bulky)
48 months 36 months 84 months/ 7 Years
Thermal - RDF
Dry plastics and
cellulosic wastes (e.g.
paper, and wood)
36 months 36 months 72 months/6 Years
Gasification
Raw MSW with some
sorting (e.g. ferrous,
bulky)
36 months 30 months 66 months/ 6.5 Years
Pyrolysis
Dry plastics and
cellulosic wastes (e.g.
paper, and wood)
36 months 30 months 66 months/ 6.5 Years
Digestion
Yard waste and SSO.
Industrial organic
wastes.
24 months 24 months 48 months/ 4 Years
14© RRS 2017
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES -OBSERVATIONS
15
• Developers Frequently Sell the “Silver Bullet” Solution
• Low Conventional Energy Pricing Severely Impacts Viability
• Absence of Carbon Monetization Also Impacts Viability
• Economies of Scale “Blind” Developers to Scale Challenges
• Flow Control Challenges Scaling
© RRS 2017
PRESIDENT
734.646.3303
@JDLindeberg
JD LINDEBERG
16© RRS 2017
