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New Technologies
Breakout Session #5
September 20, 2018
Adam Matteo, P.E. – Moderator
Assistant Division Administrator – VDOT Structure and Bridge Division
Today’s Agenda
• Virginia Connected Corridors –
Virginia Lingham, P.E.
• Corrosion Resistant Materials for Bridges –
Michael Sprinkel, P.E.
• Laser Ablation Coating Removal on Steel Girders –
Stephen Sharp, Ph.D., P.E.
• Virginia Lingham, P.E.
• Connected and Automated Vehicle Program Manager
• Office of Strategic Innovation
• Virginia Department of Transportation
2018 Local Assistance Workshop:
Virginia Connected Corridors
September 20, 2018
Quiz Time!
Connected Vehicle Environment
Autonomous Vehicle
(Self-Driving)
Automated Vehicles
5
Levels of Vehicle Autonomy
Source: GHSA
6
Glossary is posted on the
CV PFS Website
http://www.cts.virginia.edu/cvpfs_research
CV PFS Contacts:
Virginia Lingham –
Mike Fontaine -
Hyungjun Park –
Visit the CV PFS Website for a Connected and
Automated Vehicle Glossary and Info on
Ongoing and Completed Research Projects
Why Connect?
What Benefits Can We Expect?
7
National Timeline for Application Adoption and Associated Mobility Benefits
(Source: USDOT, FHWA-JPO-16-229)
Traffic Jam
Assist
Traffic Jam
Assist
Cooperative
Adaptive
Cruise Control
Adaptive
Cruise
Control
Forward
Collision
Avoidanc
e
What’s Happening
Out There?
VDOT’s CAV
Program
Virginia Connected Corridors
Testing, Demos,
and Pilots
8
Overview
Soooo, what's really happening out there?
9
Soooo, what's really happening out there?
10
Soooo, what's really happening out there?
11
12
… and the “What if Scenarios”
What’s Happening
Out There?
VDOT’s CAV
Program
Virginia Connected Corridors
Testing, Demos,
and Pilots
14
Overview
VDOT envisions a future environment where Connected
and Automated Vehicle applications provide connectivity
between vehicles, roadside infrastructure and wireless
devices.
This interconnected environment is expected to meet the
following objectives:
• Increased Safety
• Improved Mobility
• Reduced Infrastructure Investments
• Enhanced Traveler Information
VDOT’s Vision for Connected and
Automated Vehicles
15
Virginia’s Unique Strengths Diverse highway system with a good state of repair
An “Open-for-business” regulatory environment for innovative transportation solutions
Data driven commitment to innovation
Trusted world-class research and testing capabilities
Capable knowledge based work force, including a strong military presence.
16
Connected and Automated Vehicle
Program Development
• Full-Time Program Manager since Fall
2016
• Connected and Automated Vehicle
Executive Steering Committee Established
Sets strategic direction and priorities for
VDOT’s CAV Program, including
outreach & advocacy, implementation
and more
• Connected and Automated Program Plan -
Available Now at
http://virginiadot.org/automated
17
Focus Areas of the Connected and Automated
Vehicle Program
Outreach and Coordination
Leadership Deployments Planning Policy
18
•Please visit http://virginiadot.org/automated
19
Contact us for more information!
What’s Happening
Out There?
VDOT’s CAV
Program
Virginia Connected Corridors
Testing, Demos,
and Pilots
20
Overview
21
Virginia Connected Corridors Partnership
2
To facilitate the understanding of CV deployment, the Virginia Department of Transportation has partnered with the Virginia Tech Transportation
Institute to create the Virginia Connected Corridors.
Virginia Connected Corridors
Mission: Provide an open
connected vehicle
environment where concepts
can be developed, tested,
deployed, and evaluated in
real world operating
environments.
Smart Road Test Bed
Blacksburg, VA
Northern Virginia Test Bed
Northern Virginia
22
23
Smart Roads at Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
24
Northern Virginia Challenges
Arterial/Intersection
RSUs (30)
Freeway RSUs (19)
The test beds include cellular
communications to support
cellular-based applications
RSU:
Cohda
MK5
Northern Virginia Test Bed: DSRC Deployments
25
26
VCC Work Zone Components
Dynamic Worker Location and Activity
Situation AwarenessVCC Monitor
VCC Worker VCC VestDetailed Work Zone Definition
Work Zone Builder
Driver InterfaceVCC Mobile
VCC CloudData and Processing Hub
VCC Work Zone Components
What’s Happening
Out There?
VDOT’s CAV
Program
Virginia Connected Corridors
Testing, Demos,
and Pilots
27
Overview
FHWA Truck Platooning Demonstration on I-66
September 13-15, 2017
28
More info at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNTKqh7i5jQ
29
Testing, Demos, and Pilots are Active in Virginia
More info at
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=EwujR1ARsog
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
Fall 2017
30
Testing, Demos, and Pilots are Active in Virginia
FHWA Connected Vehicle Testing on I-95 Express Lanes
June 2018
Source: USDOT
What is the Challenge?
To challenge state and local public sector transportation
IOOs to cooperate together to achieve deployment of
DSRC infrastructure with SPaT broadcasts in at least one
corridor or network (approximately 20 signalized
intersections) in each state by January 2020.
What is SPaT?
A Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) message defines the
current intersection signal light phases. The current state
of all lanes at intersection are provided, as well as any
active pre-emption or priority. SPaT message defined by
the SAE J2735 standard.
31
National SPaT Challenge
National SPaT Challenge Deployment Map
32
Source: NOCoE
Updated 9/10/18
33
Virginia Connected Corridor’s
SPaT Challenge Architecture
One more thing!
34
35
SmarterRoads Hackathon Series – Coming to Fredericksburg, VA
September 28-29!
#SmarterRoadsVA https://nvite.com/SmarterRoadsVA
SmarterRoads Hackathon & Idea Jam
Objectives
Accelerate Technology Development and Implementation
Promote Existing Open Data Products
Develop and Strengthen Relationships
36
GOAL: Create and share a model to follow for future events
What’s Happening
Out There?
VDOT’s CAV
Program
Virginia Connected Corridors
Testing, Demos,
and Pilots
37
Wrap Up
Thank you!
38
Virginia R. Lingham, P.E. Special Assistant, Innovation
Connected and Automated Vehicle Program Manager
Virginia Department of Transportation
(804) 692-0455 #SmarterRoadsVA @VaDOT
Local Programs Conference
September 20, 2018
Corrosion Resistant Materials for
Bridges
Michael Sprinkel PE Associate Director
41
INTRODUCTION
• The number one cause of bridge deterioration is
corrosion of the reinforcement.
• In 2004 FHWA reported that a total of $10.5 billion
was invested in bridge rehabilitation.
• Bridge repairs cause many traffic delays.
VDOT Photo by D. Allen Covey
Corrosion of reinforcement
42
Innovative Corrosion Resistant Materials
that extend bridge life and reduce future traffic
delays for repairs
• low cracking concrete,
• fiber reinforced concrete,
• engineered cement concrete (bendable
concrete),
• self consolidating concrete,
• corrosion resistant reinforcement
9/17/2018 43
Low Cracking Concrete
• Cracking in decks and other structures has
been a major problem since the 1990’s
• Cracks are caused by using too much
cementitious materials to achieve high
early strengths to allow accelerated
construction and rapid opening to traffic.
• Cracks accelerate the corrosion of
reinforcement and the deterioration of
beam and substructure elements.
44
9/17/2018 45 45
Cracking in Decks
Low cracking concrete:
low cement, low
shrinkage, few cracks
High cracking concrete:
high cement, high
shrinkage, many cracks
Cracking in Tunnel Segments
46
0.45-mm wide
Crack in 3-ft thick
Segment wall
Pressure Injection
Repair
47
Normal weight concrete: total cementitious
materials content shall be < 600 lb/yd3. The
28-day drying shrinkage shall be < 0.035%. If
needed, Shrinkage Reducing Admixture shall
be used to reduce the shrinkage to acceptable
level.
Light weight concrete: total cementitious
materials content shall be < 650 lb/yd3 and the
maximum fresh density shall be < 120 lb/ft3.
VDOT 2016 R&B Specification for
Low Cracking Bridge Deck Concrete
Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC)
• Bridge overlays in 1974 and 1996.
• Pavement overlays in 1995.
• Bridge closure pours and engineered cement
composite beginning in 2014.
• Recent use is the result of the development of
new and improved fibers and admixtures to
provide workable FRC.
• FRC has tight cracks that reduce or prevent
water and chlorides from penetrating the
concrete. 48
49
Polyvinyl alcohol
Steel with hooked ends
Polypropylene
Fiber Reinforcement
FRC used for Joint Elimination
50
Eliminate joints:
place closure pours
Engineered Cement Composite (ECC) Shear Keys, Route 645, 2013
ECC with PVA
fibers
After 3 months, only ECC did not leak 51
Non-shrink
grout UHPC
ECC Culvert Repair
52
ECC: Bendable concrete
with tight cracks
Metal Culverts are 10%
of the bridge inventory
Spreading ECC over
carbon fiber mesh
ECC Culvert Repair
53
5 weeks after repair
ECC is Pumped into
Culvert
Self-consolidating Concrete (SCC)
• Consolidation of concrete is necessary to
densify the concrete, remove entrapped
voids and achieve good bond to
reinforcement and to hardened concrete.
• Vibrators used to consolidate concrete
prior to the development of admixtures
that provide concrete that is self
consolidating.
54
Consolidation Problems
Core shows
voids around
reinforcement
in slip formed
parapet
Voids cause
delamination
of 3 inch thick
overlay
Self-consolidating concrete
Conventional concrete
Slump test SCC Slump Flow
SCC Precast Prestressed Beams
Route 33, West Point,
74-ft spans,
40 beams, 2005
Opal, 128-ft spans,
8 light weight beams,
2012
57
Drilled Shaft US 28 with SCC, 2007
58
• Consolidation was not a problem
• Concrete placement and removal of casing were easy
SCC Substructure Repairs
59 Ref: Fawaz K. Saraf, VDOT
Buttresses
Pier Bent
Column
Corrosion Resistant Reinforcement
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
Nimmo Parkway, 18 piles: 2012, 2013
60 strands in form prestressed piles
driven pile
strand Spiral
CFRP Prestressed Beams Route 49 over Aaron’s Creek, 8 beams, 2015
61
setting beam
82-ft beams in place completed bridge
fabricating beam transporting beam
Stainless Steel Prestressed Piles
62
Nimmo Parkway Bridge: four 24-inch piles
Rte 621 over Passenger Swamp: ten 16- inch piles
Rte 680 over Stallings Creek: twelve 16-in piles
completed bridge strands in form
Comparison of Properties of Strand
Strand
Properties
ASTM
A416
CFRP Stainless
Steel
Tensile strength
(min), ksi
270 338 250
Elastic Modulus,
ksi
28,600 22,500 24,500
Elongation at
break, %
3.5 (min) 1.7 1.5
63
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
H. Celik Ozyildirim, Ph.D., P.E.
Stephen R. Sharp, Ph.D., P.E.
Many VDOT staff in Divisions and Districts
FHWA, concrete producers and contractors
September 20, 2018 – Roanoke, VA
Questions?
Corrosion Resistant Materials for Bridges
Laser Ablation Coating Removal on
Steel Girders
Presented by,
Stephen R. Sharp, Ph.D., P.E.
Senior Research Scientist
Virginia Transportation Research Council
VDOT Local Programs Workshop, September 20th 2018
The Laser Ablation Coating
Removal (LACR) Questions
• What if you could use
a laser beam to clean
a steel beam?
• Would it be safe?
• Would you be able to
recoat the beam?
• What other challenges
would you have?
9/17/2018 67
(Video Courtesy of Jim Fitz-Gerald and Sean Agnew)
Addressing the LACR Questions
• The LACR Team
• Corrosion Damage and Coatings
• Introduction to LACR
• Beam End Laboratory Evaluation
• Beam End Field Evaluation
• Hot Work Evaluation
• Conclusions
9/17/2018 68
LACR Project Team
• Adam Matteo, P.E., VDOT S&B
• Jeff Milton, VDOT S&B
• C. Wayne Fleming, VDOT Materials
• David Wilson, VDOT Environmental
• Raquel Rickard, VDOT Environmental
• Dr. Jim Fitz-Gerald, UVa Material Science
• Dr. Sean Agnew, UVa Material Science
• James Gillespie, VTRC
• Stephen Sharp, VTRC
• Contractors, Consultants, and Suppliers 69
Coatings and Corrosion
Unfortunately, coating loss
can lead to steel section
loss and often it happens
in certain spots 9/17/2018 70
Coating can be Restored
9/17/2018 71
Fortunately coatings can
be repaired and the steel
protected from corrosion
Repairing Damaged Coatings
9/17/2018 72
Containment
Worker
Protection
Abrasive Media
and Coating
Disposal
Laser Ablation Coating Removal (LACR)
9/17/2018 73
Base Material
Surface Layer
Filter
Unit
1000 W
Q-switched
Nd:YAG laser,
λ = 1064 nm,
pulse mode, 83 ns Nd:YAG= Neodymium: Yttrium
Aluminum Garnet
• Surface layer absorbs the pulsed laser
energy and is converted into vapor
(particles) from thermal energy.
• Fumes/particles from
absorbing layer
captured using an
integrated 3-stage
filtration unit
LACR Components
9/17/2018 74
Laser Coating Removal Demonstration
9/17/2018 75 (Video Courtesy of Jim Fitz-Gerald and Sean Agnew)
Laser Head
Air Filtration
3-stage filtration system
•Primary stage large
surface area particle filter
cartridge
• 2nd stage activated
carbon filter (13 lb),
•3rd stage HEPA or Ultra
Low Particulate Air
(ULPA)
•99.97% w/HEPA,
99.9995% w/ULPA. 76
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Lab
• Laboratory LACR Work on Beam End
9/17/2018 77
Lead rich coatings on older steel girders
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Lab
• Removal of thicker debris by hand
accelerates LACR from beams
9/17/2018 78
LACR Laboratory Evaluation:
Surface
9/17/2018 79 (Images Curtesy of William Moffat)
LACR Laboratory Evaluation:
Environmental/OHS Analysis
Monitored Personal and Area
Concentrations
• Nine Metals using NIOSH
Method 7300
– Cadmium, chromium, cobalt,
copper, iron, lead, manganese,
nickel, and zinc
• 31 Volatile Organic Compounds
with Assay 566 Badge
80
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) analysis of
waste and filters for eight metals
• Silver, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, and
selenium
LACR Laboratory Evaluation:
Environmental/OHS Results • Airborne (area sample)
concentrations of metals and
VOCs were below the OSHA
permissible exposure limits (PEL)
and OSHA action levels (AL)
• Operator personal exposure to the
nine metals were below the
laboratory level of detection
(LOD), with the exception of lead.
Lead results were above the
laboratory LOD, but below the
OSHA PEL and OSHA AL.
• Operator personal exposure to the
31 VOCs were below laboratory
detection limits
• TCLP sampling of the
filters found particle debris
filter was hazardous for
lead.
81
LACR Laboratory Evaluation:
Recoating, Tensile, and Fatigue Tests
Coating Adhesion Test
• PATTI Test Used
• Two Coating
Thicknesses Tested
• Results Based on 50
Pull Test/Thickness
• Average Values Good
Thinner Coat 1721 psi
Thicker Coat 2094 psi
Tensile Tests for Three
Conditions
• Base, Grit-blasted,
Laser cleaned
• Results showed
agreement in YS and
UTS
Fatigue Testing
Ongoing
9/17/2018 82
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Field
Equipment
• LACR Beam End Field Work
9/17/2018 83
LACR Field Beam End Evaluation:
Environmental/OHS Monitoring
• Again, nine metals and 31 VOCs were
measured, with TCLP performed on the waste
from each of the three filters
• Waste material generated was considered
hazardous based on 2017 historical TCLP
results. The HEPA filter exceeded the regulatory
waste requirements for lead and the particle
debris filter for lead and chromium.
• During the lab work special glasses could be
used, but in the field a curtain was draped to
protect the eyes of onlookers 84
LACR Field Beam End Evaluation:
Accessing Beam Elements
Accessible vs. Not Accessible
9/17/2018 85
LACR Field Beam End Evaluation:
Coating Removal Observations
• Tight access areas contributed to a slow
production rate
– Changes in laser equipment design could
improve production, such as a 90 o adjustable
head
• Weight of hand held laser could causes
operator fatigue
– Several operators needed during coating
removal
9/17/2018 86
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Coating
Removal Before Hot Work
• Removing coating with LACR before hot work
– Hot work includes spark generating tasks such as
grinding, oxyacetylene torch and plasma torch cutting
9/17/2018 87
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Coating
Removal Before Hot Work Observation
• Maintaining contact between the roller and
the steel during LACR provided the best air
quality and most efficiency during coating
removal
9/17/2018 88
89
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Hot Work
After LACR
9/17/2018
Oxyacetylene
Torch
Grinding
Plasma
Torch
VDOT’s LACR Evaluation: Hot
Work After LACR OHS Results
• LACR on the rolled I beam showed the greatest
reduction in lead while doing hot work when
compared to the welded C channel beam.
• The welded C channel beam had results high
enough to cause exposure but were greatly
reduced when compared to cutting through a
fully coated beam
• LACR will not remove coatings
sandwiched between two steel
surfaces
9/17/2018 90
Conclusions • The new coating on a LACR cleaned steel surface
exhibits good adhesion.
• Environmental/OHS results during beam end work are
within acceptable limits. Main debris and filter wastes
are hazardous waste.
• Tensile test results for LACR are similar to base metal
and grit-blasted samples
• Tight access is a challenge for LACR.
• It is important to maintain the proper distance during
LACR to maximize coating removal efficiency
• LACR can greatly reduce lead exposure if subsequent
hot work is to be performed and coating is accessible for
removal. 91
Acknowledgments
The presenter would like to acknowledge VDOT
S&B, Materials, and Environmental Divisions, the
VDOT Lynchburg, Culpeper, and Hampton Roads
Districts, and the VTRC and FHWA for their
support of this research. The University of Virginia
Material Science and Engineering program is also
recognized, particularly graduate students William
Moffat and Md. Shamsujjoha for their contributions
92
Questions?
Contacts:
Stephen Sharp, VTRC
David Wilson, VDOT Environmental Division
9/17/2018 93
