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NEW SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY (ALGAE)

By : Wael Kaddouh

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PURPOSE

To extract oil from algae , transesterify it in to biodesel, identify and quantify the methyl esters

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WHAT IS BIODIESEL? Made from vegetable/algae oil- or animal fat

-based fuel consisting of long-chains of alkyl esters

Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer

Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.

Fatty AcidAlcoholGlycerin

Biodiesel(alkyl ester)

FA

FAFA

FA

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REACTION

Weigh a catalytic amount of sodium methoxide =1% of the oil’s mass

Mix it with 30% of oil’s mass methanol Stir and reflux at 65°C for an hour Once reaction is done 2 layers should be

present Glycerine reside on bottom, ester are on top

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TRANSESTERIFICATION MECHANISM

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RESULTS

After reaction is completed and methyl esters are purified, tests are done to prove and quantify esters

IR scans are done, but doesn't help that much due to close similarities between the oil and the esters

GC runs are conducted, and by comparing the retention times with standard excepted methyl ester RT , the content can be identified

RESULTS GC RUNS

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  run 1    

Peak # RetTime area Area

noise and solvent peeks

[min] counts*s %

......... ......... 99.8462

7 10.724 1.87E+04 0.01908

11 14.504 1.06E+05 0.10849

ME Ole 14.353 1.96E+04 0.02

ME ster 15.081 5905.752 0.00604      100.000

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RESULTS .........

run 1:10    

peak Ret time area area

noise/solvent peak

[min] counts*s %

.......... .......... 99.9876

5 10.721 1424.798 0.00162

8 14.495 7687.9146 0.00876

ME Ole 14.355 1353.8923 0.00154

ME ster 15.074 400.31638 0.00046

      100.0000

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RESULTS .........

1:1 sample and 500 ppm      Peak RetTime area Area

noise and solvent [min] counts*s %  ......... 99.8653

9 10.7116788.600

6 0.00763

13 14.4895.70E+0

4 0.06407

ME Ole 14.3423.13E+0

4 0.03521

ME ster 15.0823.03E+0

4 0.03401      100.01

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RESULTS .........1:10 dilution Spiked run

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CALCULATIONS

Concx is the concentration of FAME, Ac,x is the corrected area Using this equation the concentration can be

determined For example the peak of ME Ole=1353.89 The peak of the 500ppm standard

=29946.11 The concentration of ME ole =22.61ppm

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PHASE 2

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PHASE 2

a specific strain (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was grown for a period of 4 weeks.

Then the algae is harvested, using micro filters, and then dried over 2 days at temp of 80 degrees.

The mass of dry algae was 0.3228g , the amount of oil extracted was 0.1452g

The % oil yield content = 0.1452/0.3228x100=45%

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RESULTS

The mass of dry algae was 0.3228g , the amount of oil extracted was 0.1452g

The % oil yield content = 0.1452/0.3228)x100=45%

amount of FAMEs measured=0.0952g % recovery=(0.0952/0.1452)x100=65.56%

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RESULTS run 2

Peak # Retime area Area

noise and solvent peeks [min] counts*s % ......... ......... 79.188

45 10.874 1.926E+06 2.7663

57 15.002 1.189E+07 17.082

ME ster 15.283 6.706E+05 0.9629

100.000

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RESULTS run 1

Peak # Retime area Area

noise and solvent peeks [min] counts*s % ......... ......... 98.8798

38 10.743 1.635E+05 0.1486 2

ME Lin 14.396 1.37E+05 0.12462

ME Ole 14.601 8.753E+05 0.79553

ME ster 15.113 5.65E+05 0.05141

100.000

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CONCLUSION

Oil was extracted, using algae as its primary source

Only 3 methyl esters where identified, but more FAME SRMs should be available in order to find out the rest

Yes!!!! Algae can be used as a new source of renewable energy

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REFERENCES

http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb2/part1/fasynthesis.htm

http://www.oilgae.com/ http://

www.oakhavenpc.org/cultivating_algae.htm http://

www.fao.org/uploads/media/algae_positionpaper.pdf

http://www.chem.missouri.edu/Greenlief/courses/4200F04/Fatty%20Acid%20GC%20Lab.pdf

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ANY QUESTIONS ?