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New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans Sarajevo, 13 July 2012. New Skills for New Jobs Summary of discussions. Identify a development model, including long term goals and potential niches - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution
Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II
Ruled from 1894 – Ruled from 1894 – 19171917
Ruled over Russia, Ruled over Russia, Finland and PolandFinland and Poland
Captured by LvovCaptured by Lvov Killed by the BolshKilled by the Bolsh
evikseviks Became “Nicholas Became “Nicholas
the Martyr”the Martyr”
Problems with Nicholas IIProblems with Nicholas II
Repressive and aristocratic regimes Repressive and aristocratic regimes of the Romanov dynastyof the Romanov dynasty
Nicholas II Nicholas II inability to allow any form inability to allow any form of reform and a refusal to release of reform and a refusal to release AbsolutismAbsolutism
Low living standard for the people of Low living standard for the people of RussiaRussia
February RevolutionFebruary Revolution
What was it?What was it? Abdication of Czar Abdication of Czar
Nicholas II Nicholas II Led by Gregory Lvov Led by Gregory Lvov
then Alexander then Alexander Kerensky Kerensky
Liberal and Socialist Liberal and Socialist coalitioncoalition
Democratically Democratically elected governmentelected government
ProblemsProblems Didn’t represent the Didn’t represent the
peoplepeople Soldiers desertingSoldiers deserting Pressure from other Pressure from other
political groupspolitical groups Would not end Would not end
Russia’s involvement Russia’s involvement in WWIin WWI
Shortage of FoodShortage of Food
Causes of October RevolutionCauses of October Revolution
Severe economic and social crisis in Russia Severe economic and social crisis in Russia Russia in WWI: “This isn’t war it is Russia in WWI: “This isn’t war it is
slaughter” slaughter” LeninLenin Corruption in Government Corruption in Government Large Poverty GapLarge Poverty Gap Revolutionary Middle Class Revolutionary Middle Class New Ideas of New Ideas of MarxismMarxism in Europe in Europe Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin leader of the visionary leader of the visionary
Revolutionary classRevolutionary class
Bolsheviks “The Majority”Bolsheviks “The Majority” Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin Founder of the PartyFounder of the Party Led the October RevolutionLed the October Revolution Became the leader Became the leader
Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
Opposite of the Opposite of the Mensheviks “Minority”Mensheviks “Minority”
*Seen as dangerous-*Seen as dangerous-Germany sent him back to Germany sent him back to Russia to ‘stir things up’ Russia to ‘stir things up’ and avoid problems his and avoid problems his causing problems in causing problems in GErmanyGErmany
October RevolutionOctober Revolution
Coup d’etat: Lenin & Trotsky’s Red Coup d’etat: Lenin & Trotsky’s Red Army (October 25Army (October 25thth, 1917), 1917)
Overtook to the Russian Provisional Overtook to the Russian Provisional GovernmentGovernment
Established Soviet CommunismEstablished Soviet Communism Civil War:Civil War:
• Supported by foreign governmentsSupported by foreign governments• Bolsheviks kill all political opponentsBolsheviks kill all political opponents
Soviet GovernmentSoviet Government
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) or Soviet Union(U.S.S.R.) or Soviet Union
Not Marx’s CommunismNot Marx’s Communism Totalitarian GovernmentTotalitarian Government
• Nationalized Banks Nationalized Banks • Government owned factories Government owned factories • No private bank accounts No private bank accounts • Church’s nationalized Church’s nationalized • Higher wages, shorter work daysHigher wages, shorter work days• All foreign debts were repudiatedAll foreign debts were repudiated
Death of LeninDeath of Lenin
Weakened by Weakened by RevolutionRevolution
Failed Failed Assassination Assassination AttemptAttempt
Multiple StrokesMultiple Strokes Died January 21, Died January 21,
19241924 In a letter Trotsky In a letter Trotsky
was to gain powerwas to gain power
Joseph Stalin v. Leon TrotskyJoseph Stalin v. Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin v. Leon TrotskyJoseph Stalin v. Leon Trotsky
Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin Controlled the Secret Controlled the Secret
Police (KGB)Police (KGB) Controlled many local Controlled many local
governmentsgovernments Socialist Revolution Socialist Revolution
“One country at a “One country at a time”time”
Conspired against Conspired against TrotskyTrotsky
Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky Lenin’s personal pick Lenin’s personal pick
for Russiafor Russia Plotted against by Plotted against by
Stalin, Zinoviev, Stalin, Zinoviev, KamanevKamanev
Socialist World Socialist World RevolutionRevolution
Warned of Stalin’s Warned of Stalin’s mistreatment of powermistreatment of power
Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin ““Man of Steel”Man of Steel” Ruled from 1922-53Ruled from 1922-53 Exile of Trotsky and Exile of Trotsky and
AssassinationAssassination ““Five-Year-Plans”Five-Year-Plans” Collectivization of Collectivization of
AgricultureAgriculture Killing of KulaksKilling of Kulaks Famine (1931-32)Famine (1931-32) Ruthless Rule over Ruthless Rule over
PeasantryPeasantry