60
8/9/2019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/new-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1/60 The celestial signals that defy Einstein BREAKING RELATIVITY SHARPER SURGER Anesthetic and scalpe not require MIXING REALITIE Your world. But bette LAND OF MAKE-BELIEV The fake past of an island paradis OFF THE BOOZE What happens to your body when you quit alcohol for a month? DESTINATION EUROPA Why we’ve suddenly got the hots for Jupiter’s icy moon WEEKLY January 4 - 10, 2014 Science and technology news www.newscientist.com  US jobs in science                                                                                                                                                           No2950 US$5.95 CAN$5.95

New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 160

The celestial signals that defy EinsteinBREAKING RELATIVITY

SHARPER SURGER

Anesthetic and scalpenot require

MIXING REALITIEYour world But bette

LAND OF MAKE-BELIEVThe fake past of an island paradis

OFF THE BOOZEWhat happens to your body whenyou quit alcohol for a month

DESTINATION EUROPAWhy wersquove suddenly got the hots for Jupiterrsquos icy moon

WEEKLY January 4 - 10 2014

Science and technology newswwwnewscientistcom US jobs in science

No2950US$595 CAN$595

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 260

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 1

CONTENTS Volume 221 No 2950

This issue online

newscientistcomissue2950

News4 UPFRONT

Snorkel spacewalk success Steroids

added to athletesrsquo biological passports

Textbooks in Texas will include evolution6 THIS WEEK

Why it is worth going to Europa Bacteria

stop desert spreading First glimpse of a

possible exomoon Modified plants provide

fish oils GPS holds dark matter clues

Space-time neuroscience Ageing reversed

in mice

14 IN BRIEF

Flu vaccine unravels cause of narcolepsy

Volcanic lightning bottled Psyche the heavy

metal asteroid Ice-loving sea anemones

Coming next weekhellipDefusing dementiaWersquore becoming resistant to Alzheimerrsquos disease

Spin upA revolutionary way to crunch numbers

Cover imageRoss Holdenungluemylimbcom

30

42

Is a dry Januaryreally worth it

Liver tests revealthe value of amonthrsquos abstinence

6

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

D A V E S T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

Breakingrelativity

The celestial signalsthat defy Einstein

Pachydermpolitics

What does it taketo lead a herd ofelephants

Technology

17 Mixed reality AI game designer takes onhumans Charge batteries with static Virtual

fashion gives perfect fit Log in with your life

News

On the cover

Features

8 Destination Europa

Hotfoot to an icy moon

6 Off the booze

Is it worth quitting alcohol

for a month

17 Merged reality

Your world But better

34 Land of make believe

Fake past of a paradise

38 Sharper surgery

Anaesthetic and scalpels

not required

Opinion24 Fixing the fixers Scott Ferguson on hitting

back at online syndicates who rig matches

25 One minute withhellip Tom Akers Spacersquos

trickiest problems ndash and mending Hubble

26 Hot and healing Uwe Hobohm thinks he

knows why bad infections could cure cancer

28 LETTERS

Smell of fear Heating oceans

Features30 Breaking relativity (see above left)

34 Land of make believe The fake past

of an island paradise

38 Sharper surgery Anaesthetic and

scalpels not required

42 Pachyderm politics (see left)

CultureLab46 Boldly going We may find life in space but

whether we can talk to it is another matter

48 Reading runes A preview of 2014rsquos crop

for lovers of good books and fine ideas

Regulars3 EDITORIAL

A short break from booze

may have long-lasting consequences

56 FEEDBACK Whales in the bath

57 THE LAST WORD Silk stockings

50 JOBS amp CAREERS

Aperture22 Buffalo stance broadside of an American icon

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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How remote can you go

Out now the latest issue of Arc Forever alone drone

explores the technological wilderness over more than

180 pages of exciting new work from a fantastic selection

of notable writers

Every three months Arc explores the possibilities oftomorrowrsquos technologies and societies with unique

intelligence wit and charm publishing work by the

worldrsquos most visionary writers and thinkers It will

make you see the future in a whole new light

A r c 1 4 F o r e v e r a l o n e d r o n e

B u y y o u r c o p y n o w a t a r c f i n i t y o r g

A r c i s d e s i g n e d t o b e r e a d o n d i g i t a l d e v i c e s ndash t a b l e t s s m a r t p h o n e s K i n d l e s N o o k s P C s a n d M a c s

New science fiction from

Liz Jensen

Nancy Kress

Robert ReedBruce Sterling

Romie Stott

Jack Womack

New essays amp ideas about

the future from

Madeline Ashby

Simon Ings

Smaacuteri McCarthy

Sumit Paul-Choudhury

Kim Stanley Robinson

Frank Swain

Jon Turney

ldquoConsistently brilliantrdquondash guardiancouk

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |3

New year new habits

EDITORIAL

A short break from booze may have long-lasting consequences

Histories not stories

ldquoGet over the initial

discomfort of dryingout and healthierhabits may followrdquo

ET off limits butwithin reach

LOCATIONSUSA225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451

Tel +1 781 734 8770Fax +1 720 356 9217

201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Tel +1 415 908 3348Fax +1 415 704 3125

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AustraliaTower 2 475 Victoria AvenueChatswood NSW 2067Tel +61 2 9422 8559Fax +61 2 9422 8552

copy 2014 Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

New Scientist ISSN 0262 4079 ispublished weekly except for the lastweek in December by Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

Reed Business Information co SchnellPublishing Co Inc 360 Park AvenueSouth 12th Floor New York NY 10010

Periodicals postage paid at New YorkNY and other mailing offices

Postmaster Send address changesto New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

Registered at the Post Office as anewspaper and printed in USA by FryCommunications Inc MechanicsburgPA 17055

SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE

For our latest subscription offers visit

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Mail New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

One year subscription (51 issues) $154

CONTACTSContact usnewscientistcomcontact

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General amp media enquiriesTel 781 734 8770enquiriesnewscientistcom

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4 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

G L O W I

M A G E S G E T T

Y I M A G E S

Peak light bulb

Weird Higgs please

Meat source

ndashCool runningsndash

ndashCost is first priorityndash

Snorkelling in spaceTAKE a breather spacewalkers

Working tirelessly over the holidayastronauts equipped with snorkels

successfully repaired damage to the

vital cooling system on board the

International Space Station

The system circulates ammonia to

keep internal and external instruments

at the correct temperature NASA

had to power down parts of three

ISS modules when it went offline

On 24 December astronauts

Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins

completed the second of three

planned spacewalks to replace a failed

pump module on the stationrsquos exterior

Although they were hit by a ldquomini

blizzardrdquo of toxic ammonia flakes that

burst from a supply line they finished

the job ahead of schedule eliminating

the need for a third outing

Hopkins was wearing the same

spacesuit used last July by Italianastronaut Luca Parmitano who

nearly drowned when his helmet

started filling with water NASA

investigators concluded that the

most likely cause of the leak was

contamination in the suitrsquos cooling

system which blocked a filter

Although the filter was cleared

NASA didnrsquot want to take any chances

so instructed the astronauts to

fashion snorkels from plastic tubes

and Velcro That would allow them

to breathe air from lower in the suit

in the event of a leak As it was their

helmets remained bone dry On

returning to the ISS Hopkins thanked

ground crew ldquoMerry Christmas to

everybody It took a couple of licks

to get her done but we got itrdquo

ldquoDue to the UKrsquos phasingout of incandescent lightbulbs therersquos been a hugedrop in energy demandrdquo

N A S A

UPFRONT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2060

18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

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Faculty Positions

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ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

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ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 2: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 1

CONTENTS Volume 221 No 2950

This issue online

newscientistcomissue2950

News4 UPFRONT

Snorkel spacewalk success Steroids

added to athletesrsquo biological passports

Textbooks in Texas will include evolution6 THIS WEEK

Why it is worth going to Europa Bacteria

stop desert spreading First glimpse of a

possible exomoon Modified plants provide

fish oils GPS holds dark matter clues

Space-time neuroscience Ageing reversed

in mice

14 IN BRIEF

Flu vaccine unravels cause of narcolepsy

Volcanic lightning bottled Psyche the heavy

metal asteroid Ice-loving sea anemones

Coming next weekhellipDefusing dementiaWersquore becoming resistant to Alzheimerrsquos disease

Spin upA revolutionary way to crunch numbers

Cover imageRoss Holdenungluemylimbcom

30

42

Is a dry Januaryreally worth it

Liver tests revealthe value of amonthrsquos abstinence

6

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

D A V E S T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

Breakingrelativity

The celestial signalsthat defy Einstein

Pachydermpolitics

What does it taketo lead a herd ofelephants

Technology

17 Mixed reality AI game designer takes onhumans Charge batteries with static Virtual

fashion gives perfect fit Log in with your life

News

On the cover

Features

8 Destination Europa

Hotfoot to an icy moon

6 Off the booze

Is it worth quitting alcohol

for a month

17 Merged reality

Your world But better

34 Land of make believe

Fake past of a paradise

38 Sharper surgery

Anaesthetic and scalpels

not required

Opinion24 Fixing the fixers Scott Ferguson on hitting

back at online syndicates who rig matches

25 One minute withhellip Tom Akers Spacersquos

trickiest problems ndash and mending Hubble

26 Hot and healing Uwe Hobohm thinks he

knows why bad infections could cure cancer

28 LETTERS

Smell of fear Heating oceans

Features30 Breaking relativity (see above left)

34 Land of make believe The fake past

of an island paradise

38 Sharper surgery Anaesthetic and

scalpels not required

42 Pachyderm politics (see left)

CultureLab46 Boldly going We may find life in space but

whether we can talk to it is another matter

48 Reading runes A preview of 2014rsquos crop

for lovers of good books and fine ideas

Regulars3 EDITORIAL

A short break from booze

may have long-lasting consequences

56 FEEDBACK Whales in the bath

57 THE LAST WORD Silk stockings

50 JOBS amp CAREERS

Aperture22 Buffalo stance broadside of an American icon

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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How remote can you go

Out now the latest issue of Arc Forever alone drone

explores the technological wilderness over more than

180 pages of exciting new work from a fantastic selection

of notable writers

Every three months Arc explores the possibilities oftomorrowrsquos technologies and societies with unique

intelligence wit and charm publishing work by the

worldrsquos most visionary writers and thinkers It will

make you see the future in a whole new light

A r c 1 4 F o r e v e r a l o n e d r o n e

B u y y o u r c o p y n o w a t a r c f i n i t y o r g

A r c i s d e s i g n e d t o b e r e a d o n d i g i t a l d e v i c e s ndash t a b l e t s s m a r t p h o n e s K i n d l e s N o o k s P C s a n d M a c s

New science fiction from

Liz Jensen

Nancy Kress

Robert ReedBruce Sterling

Romie Stott

Jack Womack

New essays amp ideas about

the future from

Madeline Ashby

Simon Ings

Smaacuteri McCarthy

Sumit Paul-Choudhury

Kim Stanley Robinson

Frank Swain

Jon Turney

ldquoConsistently brilliantrdquondash guardiancouk

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |3

New year new habits

EDITORIAL

A short break from booze may have long-lasting consequences

Histories not stories

ldquoGet over the initial

discomfort of dryingout and healthierhabits may followrdquo

ET off limits butwithin reach

LOCATIONSUSA225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451

Tel +1 781 734 8770Fax +1 720 356 9217

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AustraliaTower 2 475 Victoria AvenueChatswood NSW 2067Tel +61 2 9422 8559Fax +61 2 9422 8552

copy 2014 Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

New Scientist ISSN 0262 4079 ispublished weekly except for the lastweek in December by Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

Reed Business Information co SchnellPublishing Co Inc 360 Park AvenueSouth 12th Floor New York NY 10010

Periodicals postage paid at New YorkNY and other mailing offices

Postmaster Send address changesto New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

Registered at the Post Office as anewspaper and printed in USA by FryCommunications Inc MechanicsburgPA 17055

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Mail New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

One year subscription (51 issues) $154

CONTACTSContact usnewscientistcomcontact

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General amp media enquiriesTel 781 734 8770enquiriesnewscientistcom

EditorialTel 781 734 8770newsnewscientistcomfeaturesnewscientistcomopinionnewscientistcom

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Syndication

Tribune Media Services InternationalTel 213 237 7987

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4 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

G L O W I

M A G E S G E T T

Y I M A G E S

Peak light bulb

Weird Higgs please

Meat source

ndashCool runningsndash

ndashCost is first priorityndash

Snorkelling in spaceTAKE a breather spacewalkers

Working tirelessly over the holidayastronauts equipped with snorkels

successfully repaired damage to the

vital cooling system on board the

International Space Station

The system circulates ammonia to

keep internal and external instruments

at the correct temperature NASA

had to power down parts of three

ISS modules when it went offline

On 24 December astronauts

Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins

completed the second of three

planned spacewalks to replace a failed

pump module on the stationrsquos exterior

Although they were hit by a ldquomini

blizzardrdquo of toxic ammonia flakes that

burst from a supply line they finished

the job ahead of schedule eliminating

the need for a third outing

Hopkins was wearing the same

spacesuit used last July by Italianastronaut Luca Parmitano who

nearly drowned when his helmet

started filling with water NASA

investigators concluded that the

most likely cause of the leak was

contamination in the suitrsquos cooling

system which blocked a filter

Although the filter was cleared

NASA didnrsquot want to take any chances

so instructed the astronauts to

fashion snorkels from plastic tubes

and Velcro That would allow them

to breathe air from lower in the suit

in the event of a leak As it was their

helmets remained bone dry On

returning to the ISS Hopkins thanked

ground crew ldquoMerry Christmas to

everybody It took a couple of licks

to get her done but we got itrdquo

ldquoDue to the UKrsquos phasingout of incandescent lightbulbs therersquos been a hugedrop in energy demandrdquo

N A S A

UPFRONT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

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(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2060

18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2160

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 3: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 1

CONTENTS Volume 221 No 2950

This issue online

newscientistcomissue2950

News4 UPFRONT

Snorkel spacewalk success Steroids

added to athletesrsquo biological passports

Textbooks in Texas will include evolution6 THIS WEEK

Why it is worth going to Europa Bacteria

stop desert spreading First glimpse of a

possible exomoon Modified plants provide

fish oils GPS holds dark matter clues

Space-time neuroscience Ageing reversed

in mice

14 IN BRIEF

Flu vaccine unravels cause of narcolepsy

Volcanic lightning bottled Psyche the heavy

metal asteroid Ice-loving sea anemones

Coming next weekhellipDefusing dementiaWersquore becoming resistant to Alzheimerrsquos disease

Spin upA revolutionary way to crunch numbers

Cover imageRoss Holdenungluemylimbcom

30

42

Is a dry Januaryreally worth it

Liver tests revealthe value of amonthrsquos abstinence

6

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

D A V E S T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

Breakingrelativity

The celestial signalsthat defy Einstein

Pachydermpolitics

What does it taketo lead a herd ofelephants

Technology

17 Mixed reality AI game designer takes onhumans Charge batteries with static Virtual

fashion gives perfect fit Log in with your life

News

On the cover

Features

8 Destination Europa

Hotfoot to an icy moon

6 Off the booze

Is it worth quitting alcohol

for a month

17 Merged reality

Your world But better

34 Land of make believe

Fake past of a paradise

38 Sharper surgery

Anaesthetic and scalpels

not required

Opinion24 Fixing the fixers Scott Ferguson on hitting

back at online syndicates who rig matches

25 One minute withhellip Tom Akers Spacersquos

trickiest problems ndash and mending Hubble

26 Hot and healing Uwe Hobohm thinks he

knows why bad infections could cure cancer

28 LETTERS

Smell of fear Heating oceans

Features30 Breaking relativity (see above left)

34 Land of make believe The fake past

of an island paradise

38 Sharper surgery Anaesthetic and

scalpels not required

42 Pachyderm politics (see left)

CultureLab46 Boldly going We may find life in space but

whether we can talk to it is another matter

48 Reading runes A preview of 2014rsquos crop

for lovers of good books and fine ideas

Regulars3 EDITORIAL

A short break from booze

may have long-lasting consequences

56 FEEDBACK Whales in the bath

57 THE LAST WORD Silk stockings

50 JOBS amp CAREERS

Aperture22 Buffalo stance broadside of an American icon

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 460

How remote can you go

Out now the latest issue of Arc Forever alone drone

explores the technological wilderness over more than

180 pages of exciting new work from a fantastic selection

of notable writers

Every three months Arc explores the possibilities oftomorrowrsquos technologies and societies with unique

intelligence wit and charm publishing work by the

worldrsquos most visionary writers and thinkers It will

make you see the future in a whole new light

A r c 1 4 F o r e v e r a l o n e d r o n e

B u y y o u r c o p y n o w a t a r c f i n i t y o r g

A r c i s d e s i g n e d t o b e r e a d o n d i g i t a l d e v i c e s ndash t a b l e t s s m a r t p h o n e s K i n d l e s N o o k s P C s a n d M a c s

New science fiction from

Liz Jensen

Nancy Kress

Robert ReedBruce Sterling

Romie Stott

Jack Womack

New essays amp ideas about

the future from

Madeline Ashby

Simon Ings

Smaacuteri McCarthy

Sumit Paul-Choudhury

Kim Stanley Robinson

Frank Swain

Jon Turney

ldquoConsistently brilliantrdquondash guardiancouk

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |3

New year new habits

EDITORIAL

A short break from booze may have long-lasting consequences

Histories not stories

ldquoGet over the initial

discomfort of dryingout and healthierhabits may followrdquo

ET off limits butwithin reach

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copy 2014 Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

New Scientist ISSN 0262 4079 ispublished weekly except for the lastweek in December by Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

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Periodicals postage paid at New YorkNY and other mailing offices

Postmaster Send address changesto New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

Registered at the Post Office as anewspaper and printed in USA by FryCommunications Inc MechanicsburgPA 17055

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4 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

G L O W I

M A G E S G E T T

Y I M A G E S

Peak light bulb

Weird Higgs please

Meat source

ndashCool runningsndash

ndashCost is first priorityndash

Snorkelling in spaceTAKE a breather spacewalkers

Working tirelessly over the holidayastronauts equipped with snorkels

successfully repaired damage to the

vital cooling system on board the

International Space Station

The system circulates ammonia to

keep internal and external instruments

at the correct temperature NASA

had to power down parts of three

ISS modules when it went offline

On 24 December astronauts

Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins

completed the second of three

planned spacewalks to replace a failed

pump module on the stationrsquos exterior

Although they were hit by a ldquomini

blizzardrdquo of toxic ammonia flakes that

burst from a supply line they finished

the job ahead of schedule eliminating

the need for a third outing

Hopkins was wearing the same

spacesuit used last July by Italianastronaut Luca Parmitano who

nearly drowned when his helmet

started filling with water NASA

investigators concluded that the

most likely cause of the leak was

contamination in the suitrsquos cooling

system which blocked a filter

Although the filter was cleared

NASA didnrsquot want to take any chances

so instructed the astronauts to

fashion snorkels from plastic tubes

and Velcro That would allow them

to breathe air from lower in the suit

in the event of a leak As it was their

helmets remained bone dry On

returning to the ISS Hopkins thanked

ground crew ldquoMerry Christmas to

everybody It took a couple of licks

to get her done but we got itrdquo

ldquoDue to the UKrsquos phasingout of incandescent lightbulbs therersquos been a hugedrop in energy demandrdquo

N A S A

UPFRONT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2060

18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2160

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2260

TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 4: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 460

How remote can you go

Out now the latest issue of Arc Forever alone drone

explores the technological wilderness over more than

180 pages of exciting new work from a fantastic selection

of notable writers

Every three months Arc explores the possibilities oftomorrowrsquos technologies and societies with unique

intelligence wit and charm publishing work by the

worldrsquos most visionary writers and thinkers It will

make you see the future in a whole new light

A r c 1 4 F o r e v e r a l o n e d r o n e

B u y y o u r c o p y n o w a t a r c f i n i t y o r g

A r c i s d e s i g n e d t o b e r e a d o n d i g i t a l d e v i c e s ndash t a b l e t s s m a r t p h o n e s K i n d l e s N o o k s P C s a n d M a c s

New science fiction from

Liz Jensen

Nancy Kress

Robert ReedBruce Sterling

Romie Stott

Jack Womack

New essays amp ideas about

the future from

Madeline Ashby

Simon Ings

Smaacuteri McCarthy

Sumit Paul-Choudhury

Kim Stanley Robinson

Frank Swain

Jon Turney

ldquoConsistently brilliantrdquondash guardiancouk

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |3

New year new habits

EDITORIAL

A short break from booze may have long-lasting consequences

Histories not stories

ldquoGet over the initial

discomfort of dryingout and healthierhabits may followrdquo

ET off limits butwithin reach

LOCATIONSUSA225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451

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AustraliaTower 2 475 Victoria AvenueChatswood NSW 2067Tel +61 2 9422 8559Fax +61 2 9422 8552

copy 2014 Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

New Scientist ISSN 0262 4079 ispublished weekly except for the lastweek in December by Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

Reed Business Information co SchnellPublishing Co Inc 360 Park AvenueSouth 12th Floor New York NY 10010

Periodicals postage paid at New YorkNY and other mailing offices

Postmaster Send address changesto New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

Registered at the Post Office as anewspaper and printed in USA by FryCommunications Inc MechanicsburgPA 17055

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

G L O W I

M A G E S G E T T

Y I M A G E S

Peak light bulb

Weird Higgs please

Meat source

ndashCool runningsndash

ndashCost is first priorityndash

Snorkelling in spaceTAKE a breather spacewalkers

Working tirelessly over the holidayastronauts equipped with snorkels

successfully repaired damage to the

vital cooling system on board the

International Space Station

The system circulates ammonia to

keep internal and external instruments

at the correct temperature NASA

had to power down parts of three

ISS modules when it went offline

On 24 December astronauts

Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins

completed the second of three

planned spacewalks to replace a failed

pump module on the stationrsquos exterior

Although they were hit by a ldquomini

blizzardrdquo of toxic ammonia flakes that

burst from a supply line they finished

the job ahead of schedule eliminating

the need for a third outing

Hopkins was wearing the same

spacesuit used last July by Italianastronaut Luca Parmitano who

nearly drowned when his helmet

started filling with water NASA

investigators concluded that the

most likely cause of the leak was

contamination in the suitrsquos cooling

system which blocked a filter

Although the filter was cleared

NASA didnrsquot want to take any chances

so instructed the astronauts to

fashion snorkels from plastic tubes

and Velcro That would allow them

to breathe air from lower in the suit

in the event of a leak As it was their

helmets remained bone dry On

returning to the ISS Hopkins thanked

ground crew ldquoMerry Christmas to

everybody It took a couple of licks

to get her done but we got itrdquo

ldquoDue to the UKrsquos phasingout of incandescent lightbulbs therersquos been a hugedrop in energy demandrdquo

N A S A

UPFRONT

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

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(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 5: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |3

New year new habits

EDITORIAL

A short break from booze may have long-lasting consequences

Histories not stories

ldquoGet over the initial

discomfort of dryingout and healthierhabits may followrdquo

ET off limits butwithin reach

LOCATIONSUSA225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451

Tel +1 781 734 8770Fax +1 720 356 9217

201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Tel +1 415 908 3348Fax +1 415 704 3125

UKLacon House 84 TheobaldrsquosRoad London WC1X 8NSTel +44 (0) 20 7611 1200Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1250

AustraliaTower 2 475 Victoria AvenueChatswood NSW 2067Tel +61 2 9422 8559Fax +61 2 9422 8552

copy 2014 Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

New Scientist ISSN 0262 4079 ispublished weekly except for the lastweek in December by Reed BusinessInformation Ltd England

Reed Business Information co SchnellPublishing Co Inc 360 Park AvenueSouth 12th Floor New York NY 10010

Periodicals postage paid at New YorkNY and other mailing offices

Postmaster Send address changesto New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

Registered at the Post Office as anewspaper and printed in USA by FryCommunications Inc MechanicsburgPA 17055

SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE

For our latest subscription offers visit

newscientistcomsubscribe

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Telephone 1-888-822-3242

Email subscribenewscientistcom

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Mail New Scientist PO Box 3806Chesterfield MO 63006-9953 USA

One year subscription (51 issues) $154

CONTACTSContact usnewscientistcomcontact

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General amp media enquiriesTel 781 734 8770enquiriesnewscientistcom

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Syndication

Tribune Media Services InternationalTel 213 237 7987

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

G L O W I

M A G E S G E T T

Y I M A G E S

Peak light bulb

Weird Higgs please

Meat source

ndashCool runningsndash

ndashCost is first priorityndash

Snorkelling in spaceTAKE a breather spacewalkers

Working tirelessly over the holidayastronauts equipped with snorkels

successfully repaired damage to the

vital cooling system on board the

International Space Station

The system circulates ammonia to

keep internal and external instruments

at the correct temperature NASA

had to power down parts of three

ISS modules when it went offline

On 24 December astronauts

Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins

completed the second of three

planned spacewalks to replace a failed

pump module on the stationrsquos exterior

Although they were hit by a ldquomini

blizzardrdquo of toxic ammonia flakes that

burst from a supply line they finished

the job ahead of schedule eliminating

the need for a third outing

Hopkins was wearing the same

spacesuit used last July by Italianastronaut Luca Parmitano who

nearly drowned when his helmet

started filling with water NASA

investigators concluded that the

most likely cause of the leak was

contamination in the suitrsquos cooling

system which blocked a filter

Although the filter was cleared

NASA didnrsquot want to take any chances

so instructed the astronauts to

fashion snorkels from plastic tubes

and Velcro That would allow them

to breathe air from lower in the suit

in the event of a leak As it was their

helmets remained bone dry On

returning to the ISS Hopkins thanked

ground crew ldquoMerry Christmas to

everybody It took a couple of licks

to get her done but we got itrdquo

ldquoDue to the UKrsquos phasingout of incandescent lightbulbs therersquos been a hugedrop in energy demandrdquo

N A S A

UPFRONT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 6: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

G L O W I

M A G E S G E T T

Y I M A G E S

Peak light bulb

Weird Higgs please

Meat source

ndashCool runningsndash

ndashCost is first priorityndash

Snorkelling in spaceTAKE a breather spacewalkers

Working tirelessly over the holidayastronauts equipped with snorkels

successfully repaired damage to the

vital cooling system on board the

International Space Station

The system circulates ammonia to

keep internal and external instruments

at the correct temperature NASA

had to power down parts of three

ISS modules when it went offline

On 24 December astronauts

Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins

completed the second of three

planned spacewalks to replace a failed

pump module on the stationrsquos exterior

Although they were hit by a ldquomini

blizzardrdquo of toxic ammonia flakes that

burst from a supply line they finished

the job ahead of schedule eliminating

the need for a third outing

Hopkins was wearing the same

spacesuit used last July by Italianastronaut Luca Parmitano who

nearly drowned when his helmet

started filling with water NASA

investigators concluded that the

most likely cause of the leak was

contamination in the suitrsquos cooling

system which blocked a filter

Although the filter was cleared

NASA didnrsquot want to take any chances

so instructed the astronauts to

fashion snorkels from plastic tubes

and Velcro That would allow them

to breathe air from lower in the suit

in the event of a leak As it was their

helmets remained bone dry On

returning to the ISS Hopkins thanked

ground crew ldquoMerry Christmas to

everybody It took a couple of licks

to get her done but we got itrdquo

ldquoDue to the UKrsquos phasingout of incandescent lightbulbs therersquos been a hugedrop in energy demandrdquo

N A S A

UPFRONT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 7: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 5

Lone Star evolution

Fukushima renews

SPORTS cheats beware As of

1 January professional athletes

became subject to routine checks on

steroid concentrations in their urine

These tests wonrsquot be used to spot

specific drugs but to form a baseline

by which to detect any future

suspicious deviations from the

athletersquos normal physiology The

checks have been added to the World

Anti-Doping Agencyrsquos ldquobiological

passportrdquo a procedure for monitoring

every athletersquos metabolic profile

Since WADA introduced the

passports in 2009 various

components of athletesrsquo blood are

tested about nine times a year These

include the mass of oxygen-carrying

haemoglobin and the number of red

blood cells present in a sample which

can reveal a suspected blood

transfusion or doping with the

hormone erythropoietin which

enriches the oxygen content of blood

Now the same routine is being

applied to steroids found in urine

To date the only routine check on

steroid misuse is through individual

measurements of testosterone and

epitestosterone

WADA says that the new steroid

profile will monitor six steroids and

the ratios between them to gauge

any abnormal fluctuations from

ratios normally present in urine

ldquoWe canrsquot put a number on how many

people will be caught out but a more

intelligent anti-doping programme

should deter athletes from cheatingrdquo

says Ben Nichols a WADA spokesman

lsquoPassportrsquo to spot steroid cheats

ndashNo drugs allowedndash

J E F R I T

A R I G A N R E X

60 SECONDS

Beatle on Mercury John Lennon lives on ndash but not on

Earth The late Beatle along with

author Truman Capote is among the

namesakes for 10 craters recently

discovered on Mercury by NASArsquos

Messenger probe Tradition states

that craters are named after

deceased artists and authors

Heavenly weatherThe UK is to become one of a handful

of countries that forecast the

weather in space Solar flares and

space storms can disrupt satellites

GPS and radio communications The

UK Met Office has teamed up with

partners in the US to provide dailyforecasts that will help protect vital

services from celestial disruptions

Rescue robots are goA two-legged robot called Schaft

has won the penultimate round of

DARPArsquos rescue challenge ndash intended

to encourage the creation of robots

that can help out in a disaster During

the 2-day competition in Florida

Google-owned Schaft climbed a

24-metre-high ladder closed valves

and cut through concrete walls The

winner of the final in late 2014 will

be awarded $2 million

Cracking pardonAlan Turing the British mathematician

famed for breaking the German

enigma code arguably helping to

end the second world war has

received a posthumous royal pardon

Turing lost his job and was chemically

castrated after being convicted for

homosexual activity in 1952 He

committed suicide two years later

Antarcticarsquos icy graspA second rescue mission has failed to

reach the MV Akademik Shokalskiy

the scientific research vessel that

has been stuck in ice off the coast of

Antarctica since 25 December The

vessel intended to repeat studies

carried out in 1911 to see how the

area had changed over a century

Fifty scientists and tourists now

await clear weather for evacuation

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

ldquoIt might have anamusement park feel butwersquore trying to show whatthe future could holdrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

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ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

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ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 8: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 860

6 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Andy Coghlan and nine colleagues find that a monthof alcohol abstinence made a difference to their livers

HERErsquoS TO ADRY JANUARY

Minersquos an orange

juiceNew

Scientist staff

forswore alcohol

for a month and

reduced their liver

fat by 15 per cent

983123983120983109983107983113983105L 983122983109983120O983122T 983105L983107O983112OL 983105983118983108 983112983109983105LT983112

P H O T O G R A P H Y D A V E S

T O C K F O R N E W S

C I E N T I S T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

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For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

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(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3060

28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 9: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 7

Thanks to all who gave up their free time

including Matteo Roselli and Emmanuel

Tsochatzis at the Royal Free Hospital for

performing the liver scans

Cutting out the booze

New Scientist

Liver fat

The bad stuff decreased

while the good stuff increased

-15 -5 -23-2

+10 +95 +18 +17

Cholesterol Glucose Weight

Sleep Wakefulness

CAP measures the decrease in amplitude of ultrasound waves as they pass through the liverwhich corresponds to the amount of fat present Rating on scale of 0 (worst) to 5 (best)

Concentration Work performance

Ultrasound

scans measured

how ldquofattyrdquo our

livers were

In this section

Bacteria stop desert spreading page 9

Space-time neuroscience page 13

Virtual fashion gives perfect 1047297t page 20

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2060

18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2160

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

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Faculty Positions

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ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

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džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 10: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1060

8 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Lisa Grossman

ndashHello anyone homendash

Water plumes sparka race to Europa

N A S A J P L 983085 C A L T E C H

THIS WEEK

Reports of a possible water plume

on Jupiterrsquos moon Europa have raised

the stakes for a trip there ndash and two

more findings presented last month

also add to its appeal

James Shirley at NASArsquos Jet

Propulsion Laboratory applied

updated analysis to archival data

from the Galileo probe which orbited

Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 He

found clay-like minerals on Europarsquos

surface debris from meteor impacts

that may contain life-building

compounds called organics

Simon Kattenhorn at the

University of Idaho in Moscow also

looked at Galileo data and found that

Europarsquos ice crust has active plate

tectonics Water may rise to the

surface where the plates are pulling

apart while ice may sink to the ocean

where one plate slides under another

This would provide a way to seed the

water with fresh nutrients

THE CASE FOR LIFE UNDER THE ICE

ldquoMini-probes calledCubeSats driven by xenonthrusters could take a firslook at Europarsquos seawaterrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

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For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

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(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3060

28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 11: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 9

Spray bacteria on thedesert to halt its spread

Hal Hodson

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

First teasingglimpse of analien moon

A NEWLY DETECTED celestial body

may be the first moon spotted

outside our solar system Massive

far from its parent planet and with no

host star the candidate ldquoexomoonrdquo

is unlike any other known moon

With so many exoplanets already

found the hunt is on for exomoons

Until now they had proved elusive

ldquoThis is the first serious candidaterdquo

says David Kipping of Harvard

University who was not involved in

finding it The mooted moon and its

parent planet drift star-less in the

cosmos This makes them unlikelyto host life but some people expect

exomoons in general to be more

life-friendly than their planets

The uncertain status of the weird

objects stems from how they were

detected As they passed in front of

a distant star their gravity amplified

its light first by 70 times and then an

hour later by a smaller amount David

Bennett of the University of Notre

Dame in Indiana and his colleagues

report that they spotted this

ldquomicrolensingrdquo effect in 2011 using

telescopes around the world It fits

with a large object passing in front

of the star followed by a smaller one

Deducing what the objects areis harder If they are only about

1800 light years from our solar

system then they are a planet about

four times the mass of Jupiter and a

moon about half the mass of Earth

But the readings also fit another

scenario a small or failed star

orbited by a Neptune-mass planet

(arxivorgabs13123951)

Detecting the bodies again to

determine the truth may be

impossible because spotting objectsvia microlensing requires them to

line up in a particular way

If the planet-moon scenario is

correct then the duo is weird Not

only would the moon be massive

it would also orbit about 20 million

kilometres from its planet For

comparison Jupiterrsquos moon

Ganymede the largest in the solar

system is about 1 million kilometres

out and just 2 per cent Earthrsquos mass

Strangest of all the moon and planet

have no host star Jacob Aron

ldquoNot only would theexomoon be massive itwould also orbit 20 millionkilometres from its planetrdquo

ndashLiving on the edgendash

Q I L A I S H E N P A N O S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

breitl ing for bentleycom

British chic Swiss excellence Breitling for Bentley combines the best of both worlds Style and performance

Luxury and accomplishment Class and audacity Power and refinement Perfectly epitomising this exceptional

world the Bentley B06 chronograph houses a Manufacture Breitling calibre chronometer-certified by the COSC

(Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute) the highest benchmark in terms of precision and reliability It is

distinguished by its exclusive ldquo30-second chronographrdquo system enabling extremely precise readings of the measured

times A proud alliance between the grand art of British carmaking and the fine Swiss watchmaking tradition

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1360

BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1460

12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2060

18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2160

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2260

TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 12: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1260

For your nearest stockist in Great Britain and Ireland telephone 020 7518 7010

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Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 13: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BENTLEY B06

THE ESSENCE OF BRITAIN

Made in Switzerland by BREITLING

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 14: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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12 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

THIS WEEK

Andy Coghlan

Designer plant

oozes vital fish oils

GPS satellites

hint at Earthlydark matter

GPS is handy for finding a route but

it might be able to solve fundamental

questions in physics too An analysis

of GPS satellite orbits hints that Earth

is heavier than thought perhaps due

to a halo of dark matter

Dark matter is thought to make up

about 80 per cent of the universersquos

matter but little else is known about

it including its distribution in the

solar system Hints that the stuff

might surround Earth come from

observations of space probes severalof which changed their speeds in

unexpected ways as they flew past

Earth In 2009 Steve Adler of the

Institute of Advanced Studies in

Princeton New Jersey showed how

dark matter bound by Earthrsquos gravity

could explain these anomalies

Ben Harris at the University of

Texas at Arlington wondered if dark

matter might also affect satellites

ldquoThe nice thing about GPS satellites is

that we know their orbits really really

wellrdquo he says From nine months of

data on the satellites in the GLONASS

GPS and Galileo groups he calculated

Earthrsquos mass as ldquofeltrdquo by each oneAt a meeting of the American

Geophysical Union in San Francisco

in December he reported an average

figure that was between 0005 and

0008 per cent greater than the value

for Earthrsquos mass established by the

International Astronomical Union A

disc of dark matter around the equator

191 kilometres thick and 70000 km

across can explain this he says

Harris has yet to account forperturbations to the satellitesrsquo orbits

due to relativity and the gravitation

pull of the sun and moon Whatrsquos

more preliminary data from NASArsquos

Juno probe also presented at the AG

meeting suggests its speed was as

expected as it flew by Earth casting

doubt on the earlier anomalies

But if Harrisrsquos explanation is

correct satellites could reveal

properties of dark matter such as

whether its particles interact with

each other Anil Ananthaswamy

ldquoThe extra weight of theEarth may be explainedby a disc of dark matteraround the equatorrdquo

S T E F A N R

O S E N G R E N P L A I N P I C T U R E

ndashBetter harvested from fieldsndash

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 15: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 13

Past is a blur if the rightside of your brain is faulty

Helen Thomson

ldquoThey have troubleimagining the left side oftheir timeline and assignpast events to the futurerdquo

For daily news stories visit newscientistcomnews

How to turnback the clock

on ageingIMAGINE if we could turn back time

A team that has identified a new way

in which cells age has also reversed it

giving old mice younger bodies

One way mammalian cells produce

energy is via aerobic respiration This

takes place mainly in mitochondria ndash

the powerhouses of cells While

mitochondria carry their own

genomes some cellular components

needed for respiration are produced

by the nucleus so the two must

coordinate their activities As we

age mitochondrial function declines

which can lead to disease

To investigate why Ana Gomes

at Harvard Medical School and her

colleagues compared levels of

messenger RNA ndash molecules that

convey genetic information around

a cell ndash for the cellular components

needed for respiration in the skeletal

muscle of 6 and 22-month-old mice

Levels of mRNA in the nucleus

were similar in young and old mice

while levels in the mitochondria

decreased with age

Similar changes were seen in mice

lacking a protein called SIRT1 These

mice also had higher levels of a

protein produced by the nucleus

called HIF-1-alpha This suggests that

communication between the nucleus

and the mitochondria depends on

events involving both these proteins

As long as SIRT1 levels remain high

this type of ageing is kept at bay But

SIRT1 levels are controlled by another

molecule called NAD+ and crucially

that declines with age leading toa breakdown in communication

To see if they could fix this

breakdown the team injected the

old mice twice daily for a week with

a molecule known to increase NAD+

At the end of the week markers for

muscular atrophy and inflammation

had dropped and the mice developed

a muscle type common in 6-month-

old mice (Cell doiorgqpb) ldquoIt gives

us a new pathway to target that can

reverse some aspects of ageingrdquo

says Gomes Laasya Samhita

ndashLeft hand of darknessndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1660

14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

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Faculty Positions

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ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 16: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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14 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A safer way oftesting embryos

High-pressure fake volcanoproves a spark of inspiration

HOW realistic can you make a model volcano One team

of geologists seems to have gone the extra mile ndash theirs

crackles with lightning as it erupts

Volcanic lightning was first documented by Pliny the

Younger following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in

AD 79 but no one knows exactly what causes it One idea

suggested by previous research is that ash particles slam

into each other as they are ejected during an eruption

generating a frictional charge So Corrado Cimarelli and

colleagues at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich

Germany built a model volcano to mimic the process

L

U C A S J A C K S O N R E U T E R S

IN BRIEF

Pacific coral happy as water acidity rises

They took recently ejected ash including some from

the infamous 2010 eruption of Icelandrsquos Eyjafjallajoumlkull

and put it in a tube kept at 100 times atmospheric

pressure They then allowed it to vent through a nozzle

into a large tank of air at normal pressure mimicking the

sudden release of material from a volcano

By filming their miniature eruption with a high-speed

camera the researchers discovered that it generated

lightning sparks The finer the ash particles the more

lightning the team recorded (Geology doiorgqfz)

Cimarelli says the correlation between the number

of lightning bolts and the ash concentration may help

us predict the level of disruption to flights after large

eruptions It is this fine ash that is most likely to rise

to cruising altitude and pose a threat to air traffic

Metal world hasmagnetic appeal

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1860

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 1960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2960

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 17: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

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NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 18: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2560

234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 19: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 17

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

TECHNOLOGY

Despite the rise of videoconferencing

and apps like FaceTime virtual

systems still cannot match meeting

in person A European Union project

called Beaming aims to change that

by placing people in a virtual location

where they can interact in a way that

feels just like the real world

Will Steptoersquos system is one way of

doing this (see main story) but other

projects are already giving people

a physical form at their destination

allowing them to ldquoinhabitrdquo the body

of a robot say New insights into how

the brain represents the body are

helping to make such embodiment

more realistic Beaming is focusing

on systems for remote teaching

virtual conferences and rehab for

patients in remote areas

Out-of-body experiences

ndashWelcome to my worldndash

ldquoIn mixed reality a personstill sees the real worldfrom their normalembodied perspectiverdquo

Sandrine Ceurstemont

The virtual in realityA new blending of the physical and virtual suggestswe could one day live our lives in ldquomixed realityrdquo

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18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

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TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 20: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2060

18 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ndashCould AIs match this kind of surrealityndash

Douglas Heaven

Game on computerAIs are taking on humans in a contest to create engaging video games

ldquoThe game created by theAI had better gameplayand graphics than severalother entriesrdquo

R O B O T L O V E S K I T T Y L U D U M D

A R E

TECHNOLOGY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2160

For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2260

TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 21: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more technology stories visit newscientistcomtechnology

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 19

Battery-in-a-box backpack

charges gadgets on the goWEARABLE computers are on their

way and soon yoursquoll be able to power

them yourself A new type of nano-

generator converts movement from

walking into electricity to keep your

gadgets going

Wearable generators often use

electromagnetic induction which

is efficient but requires bulky

heavy magnets Smaller lighter

piezoelectric generators use ceramic

crystal to convert pressure into

voltage but they are expensive

and a lot less efficient

Now Zhong Lin Wang and

colleagues at the Georgia Institute of

Technology Atlanta have captured

the electricity generated from

bringing two differently charged

surfaces into contact then separating

them This is called the triboelectric

effect the same process that causes

static electricity shocks

To use tribolectric nano-

generators (TENGs) to create a

power-generating backpack the

team coated one side of plastic

cards with aluminium film filled with

nano-scale pores The other side

had copper film that had an array of

polymer nanowires on its surface

They then arranged the cards in a

rhombus like a collapsible cardboard

box (see diagram)

Every step you take makes the box

collapse in on itself so the two sides

of the cards come into contact

Nanowires and pores interlock

increasing the contact area and

correspondingly the amount of

charge that builds up After each

collapse a spring makes the sides

jump back into shape separating

the cards and creating a potential

difference that drives current

through a circuit The TENGs are

about 50 per cent efficient comparing

well to piezoelectric systems which

struggle to get beyond 8 per cent

In tests the 2 kilogram backpack

generated over 1 watt of power

during walking enough to run 40

LEDs simultaneously (ACS Nano

doiorgqhz) Existing backpack

generators based on electromagnetic

induction produce 5 to 20 watts but

weigh 10 times as much

A separate experiment used

the same method to charge a lithium-

ion battery (ACS Nano doiorg

qhzqhx) Wang envisions TENGs

built directly into sensors phones

and wearable computers His team

recently built a stand-alone generator

capable of powering a smartphone

MacGregor Campbell

ldquoThe 2 kilogram backpackgenerated 1 watt of powerduring walking enoughelectricity to run 40 LEDs rdquo

Have backpack will charge batteries

The bodys movement causes the weights to bounce compressing the boxwhile the springs return it to its original shape

The nanowires andpores interlockincreasing contact areaand creating the charge

CARDS

WEIGHT

SPRING

Coppernanowires

Aluminiumnanopores

Moral zombie game DayZ takes off

A video game has made a huge splash the unique survival

shooter ldquoDayZrdquo sold over 172000 copies in just 24 hours

after its release on 16 December by Bohemia Interactive

of Prague in the Czech Republic Zombies are always a

threat and so is disease and starvation The real interest

stems from its unusual premise Players compete for

resources like medicine food and weapons but crucially

when a player dies they lose everything and must start

from scratch

ldquoThe current storage by thegovernment of bulk metadatacreates potential risks to public trust

personal privacy and civil libertyrdquoA White House report into the NSAs surveillance of US citizens

released on 12 December called for wholesale changes to the

way the agency collects phone data

Now your fridge is on the net

Sharks pedometers fridges radiation sensors All these

things and many more can now talk to the internet

Thingfulnet launched last month is a map-based

interface that aims to unlock the potential of all that chatter

Thingful collates information from the Internet of Things

data sets and displays it on a map For example you can

find tagged sharks and follow their progress as they explorethe oceans

Laugh and the world laughs with you

It is funny how funny a stick man can be Harry Griffin and

a team at University College London have captured how

people move their bodies when they laugh and transferred

it to simple avatars The laughing stick men are part of Ilhaire

a European project that aims to make chatbot avatars laugh

more realistically It will help cartoons video game and CGI

movie animators make their characters more believable

ONE PER CENT

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2260

TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 22: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2260

TECHNOLOGY

20 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

ITrsquoS the curse of online clothes

shopping You come across a shirt you

simply must have only to find that

what you receive doesnrsquot fit despite

being in your size How can you order

clothes with confidence when you

canrsquot try them on

A new wave of start-ups are finding

clever ways to address the problem

Virtual fitting rooms are one solution

The London-based firm Fitsme

founded in 2010 creates them for

brands such as Hugo Boss and Superdry

The company teamed up with

researchers at several universities to

build robot mannequins that can adjust

their proportions to match just about

any set of human measurements

To set up the fitting room

developers run through most of thesize-shape combinations the dummies

can assume and take several

thousand photos of them dressed in

every available size of each shirt or

dress from extra small to XXXL

Software then looks at measurements

keyed in by shoppers such as height

arm length and collar size and displays

the mannequin photo set that best

matches their body trying on clothes in

sizes the user is interested in Potential

problems ndash where a shirt is too tight

for example ndash are flagged up In a trial

involving the British clothing brand

Henri Lloyd the return rate for

garments was 45 per cent for a group

of customers who used the software

compared with 153 per cent for a

group that did not

Another start-up wants to redefine

our system for sizing clothes ldquoWe think

itrsquos kind of ridiculous that despite all

of us coming in so many different

shapes and sizes wersquore stuck with

small medium and largerdquo says Matt

Hornbuckle co-founder of Stantt

a New Jersey-based firm that

manufactures menrsquos shirts to fit

70 sets of body measurements

To arrive at these Hornbuckle

hired another company to analyse

200000 measurements of menrsquos

bodies looking for correlations It

found that three numbers ndash chest size

waist and sleeve length ndash are enough

to predict which of those 70 options

would best fit someone Stanttrsquos first

shirts priced at $98 will ship in May The

companyrsquos recent Kickstarter campaign

raised $120000 and collected

pre-orders for around 1000 shirts mdash a

sign Hornbuckle says that customers

are eager for change ldquoThe retail store

itself and how they operate is

becoming obsoleterdquo he says

Arden Reed a New York-based

start-up wants to take this

personalised approach a step further

with its bespoke suits Six months

ago the company began sizing

customers using a remodelled truck

equipped with a 3D body scanner

It has 14 Kinect sensors that record

around 15 million body contour points

in a process lasting 10 minutes

The readings are converted into

measurements for the tailoring to be

outsourced to China and customers

receive their suit six weeks later for

between $500 and $1500 They canorder more in the same size online

The scanner has ventured to Boston

and Washington DC and will debut in

Miami this year ldquoThe truck concept

allows us to not limit ourselves to

a storerdquo says Carlos Solorio Arden

Reedrsquos co-founder Stantt and Arden

Reed now want to expand their range

to include womenrsquos clothing

ldquoTherersquos no question that virtual

fitting tools will become a standard

part of online shoppingrdquo says Fitsme

CEO Heikki Haldre Rachel Nuwer

Perfect fashion by numbersVirtual fitting rooms and body scans will make ordering clothes foolproof

A R

D E N R

E E D

ldquoKinect sensors record15 million body contourpoints for the tailoring tobe outsourced to Chinardquo

983113983118983123983113983111983112T O983150983148983145983150e 983155983144o983152983152983145983150983143

SICK of having to remember a

zillion passwords Logging in using

obscure facts about your everyday

life could be the answer

Called narrative authentication

the system was developed by

Carson Brown and colleagues at

Carleton University in Ottawa

Canada It uses software running in

the background on a computer or

smartphone to log your activities

The system can for example note

how long you spent playing a video

game which one it was and the

time you stopped It also logs videos

you posted to Facebook and any

check-ins you made on social

networking sites such as

Foursquare You can also add your

own events to the narrative such as

when you passed your driving test

Once set up the system will

generate questions based on its

records ndash making logging in a little

like playing a text-based adventure

game according to Brown Itrsquos fun

he says and nowhere near as boring

as entering passwords The work

was first presented at a security

conference in September

Robert Ghanea-Hercock chief

security researcher at BTrsquos lab in

Ipswich UK says the system could

be a valuable addition to our range

of login strategies ldquoHumans are

better equipped to process stories

than random pass phrasesrdquo he says

Paul Marks

Log your routineand ditch those

inane passwords

ndashClothes will hug every contourndash

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 23: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 24: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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22 | NewScientist |22 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

983105983120983109983122T983125983122983109

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3660

34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3860

36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4260

40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 25: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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234 January 2014 | NewScientist | 23

Buffalo stance

ON HIS deathbed in 1890 Crowfoot chief of

the Siksika Native American tribe said these

last words ldquoWhat is life It is the flash of a fireflyin the night It is the breath of a buffalo in the

wintertimerdquo

Is there a more iconic American animal than

the bison For centuries they were a key part of

the American way of life Five hundred years ago

bison ndash also known as American buffalo ndash were

arguably the dominant animal on the continent

There were an estimated 60 million ranging over

the plains ndash perhaps more than the human

population at the time although estimates of

pre-Columbian populations in North America vary

What is well established is that after Europeans

arrived in 1492 the number of bison started

falling then crashing towards extinction By

1890 the unthinkable had happened and there

were only 750 of these great animals left

There are now some 500000 across the

continent but only 20000 or so are ldquopurerdquo bison

The rest have genes from cattle the result of

interbreeding efforts in the early 20th century

The pure bison are inbred because the population

passed through a genetic bottleneck when it

almost went extinct But the species is saved

About 55000 bison live in the private herds of

CNN-founder Ted Turner This one at his Bad River

Ranch in South Dakota was snapped by German

photographers Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch

Rowan Hooper

Photographers

Heidi and Hans-Juumlrgen Koch eyevine

wwwlifeformphotographycom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

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ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 26: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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24 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

OPINION

ldquoTechnology will ringalarm bells if a pound2 puntersuddenly places pound200bets on obscure eventsrdquo

Tackling the match-fixersOnline betting is luring criminal syndicates to rig sporting contests butbookmakers have the tools to hit back says industry expert Scott Ferguson

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 27: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 25

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

O983118983109 983117983113983118983125T983109 983113983118T983109983122V983113983109W

When the Hubble Space Telescope was

launched in 1990 a faulty mirror made

images blurry How was it fixed

The cameras on the telescope were taking data

but nothing was really working right To fix the

problem NASA discarded a working instrument to

free up space to put in the Corrective Optics Space

Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) During

the fourth spacewalk of the Hubble servicing

mission in 1993 we opened up the telescope so

my fellow astronaut Kathy Thornton could insert

COSTAR then I tightened the bolts and electrical

connections using a big electric drill

Were you nervous about moving around

inside the telescope

We had exact mock-ups to practise in during

underwater training so it was familiar ndash except

it was obviously real In the pool you know you

arenrsquot going to hurt anything During the actual

spacewalk you are suddenly cognisant of the

need to not accidentally kick things But after a

while you just do as you were trained Mission

control was watching too if we werenrsquot doing

everything perfectly they would tell us

Pass me the wrench

If it was mostly tightening bolts it sounds

as though a robot could have done the job

After the Columbia shuttle accident [in which

seven astronauts died in 2003] I was involved

with a team looking at doing a fully robotic repair

mission of Hubble My conclusion was that some

simple tasks could be done robotically but forharder tasks you werenrsquot going to get there with

robots alone How does a robot know for sure that

the wrench is on the bolt We are now getting

smarter physical feedback and feel for robots but

I still think you need that combination of human

vision and touch as well as the ability to react to

something you hadnrsquot planned for

So will astronauts work more closely with

robots on repair missions

We have already been working that way for a

while now Working on Hubble we would often

have an astronaut perched on the end of a robotic

arm The arm driver could then position the

spacewalker perfectly to perform a task like

inserting a part in a bracket On our missions we

had someone controlling the arm but you could

program it to do the same thing robotically

Isnrsquot it awkward to be bolted to a robot arm

Having your feet restrained during a spacewalk is

a comfortable job because you can do whatever

you want with the rest of your body When you

are free-floating every action has a reaction

I can still remember floating up to the bottom

of Hubble and getting ready to open the doors

If I grabbed hold of the handrail and squeezedit would rotate my whole body So you learn not

to grab and squeeze in space

After 20 years of glorious space images

what is your favourite Hubble picture

You could have an art show of Hubble images

they are all spectacular But honestly I like the

first image released after the repair mission the

shot of the spiral galaxy that was blurred next to

the one that was clear Thatrsquos the first image we

saw that said you guys fixed it

Interview by Victoria Jaggard

Twenty years after fixing the Hubble telescope Tom Akers believes the trickiest jobs in space still need a human touch

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Tom Akers is a retired NASA astronaut who

helped correct the vision of the Hubble Space

Telescope during the first servicing mission in

1993 He has spent more than 800 hours in

space including 29 hours of spacewalks

Scott Ferguson is a betting-industry

veteran and commentator He blogs on

betting sport and the seamier side of

both at sportismadeforbettingcom

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2960

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3060

28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3460

32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3660

34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

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07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 28: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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26 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A nasty infection might kill you but it could also cure youof cancer Cell biologist Uwe Hobohm may know whyHe says itrsquos time to resurrect an old technique

Hot toxicand healing

M A R T I N D I E B E L F S T O P P L A I N P I C T U R E

OPINION THE BIG IDEA

983120983122O983110983113L983109

Uwe Hobohm is a cell biologist and professor

of bioinformatics at the University of Applied

Sciences in Giessen Germany His book on

the Coley-PRRL story is Healing Heat An

essay on cancer immune defence

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For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 29: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 2960

For more opinion articles visit newscientistcomopinion

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 27

ldquoThe belief is that infectionand fever are always signsof harm But are theyrdquo

Century-old fever therapies might offer

more effective ways to treat cancer

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3060

28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3260

30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3460

32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 30: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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28 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Smell of fear

Hands off

Wersquore all different

Slippery slope

Haunting thought

Safer cycling

Enigma

OPINION LETTERS

Answer to 1775

Third symphony

The three numbers are 231 273

and 435

The winner Ian Duff of North

Berwick East Lothian UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 31: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 29

One-upmanship

Strange idea

To read more letters visit newscientistcomletters

Letters should be sent to

Letters to the Editor New Scientist

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

Fax +44 (0) 20 7611 1280

Email lettersnewscientistcom

Include your full postal address and telephonenumber and a reference (issue page number title)to articles We reserve the right to edit lettersReed Business Information reserves the right touse any submissions sent to the letters column ofNew Scientist magazine in any other format

For the record

In the article on the pace of global

warming we reversed the wind

directions during El Nintildeo and La Nintildea

episodes (7 December p 34) DuringLa Nintildea the winds are easterly and

vice versa

Need for speed

Hit a brick wall

Long live Gaia

Too hot to handle

Pre-Darwin

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3460

32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 32: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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30 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

S A M C

H I V E R S

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3360

W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3460

32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3560

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3660

34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3860

36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4260

40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4660

Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5160

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 33: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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W

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |31

Strange signals travelling from distantgalaxies hint at turbulence for Einsteinrsquos

theory of space-time says Stuart Clark

Warning light

gt

COVER STORY

rdquoSpace-time is the fabricof the universe perhapsof reality itself But noone knows what it isrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3660

34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4260

40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 34: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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32 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Quantum foam

A L E X C H E R N E Y

T E R R A S T R O C

O M S

P L

rdquoIn April last year Earthwas hit by the most eye-poppingly powerful flash of

gamma rays ever observedrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3660

34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3760

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3860

36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3960

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4260

40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4460

42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5160

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 35: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 33

Has MAGIC seen

signs of quantum

space-time

Stuart Clark is a New Scientist consultant and the

author of The Sensorium of God (Polygon) which

dramatises Newtonrsquos struggle to find the meaning

of space and time

rdquoThe two neutrinosnicknamed Bert and Erniewere far more energetic

than those from the sunrdquo

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4460

42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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Faculty Positions

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ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

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džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

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ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 36: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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34 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

D A V I D H

I S E R G E T T Y

Maya ruins are big

business ndash a fact

not lost on the

Honduran tourist

industry

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 3860

36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4460

42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

0V DUHQ )RVKHU +5 $GPLQLVWUDWRU ($36 0DVVDFKXVHWWV QVWLWXWH

RI 7HFKQRORJ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YHQXH ampDPEULGJH 0$

NIRVKHUPLWHGX

07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 37: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |35

Land ofmake-believe

T

gt

Is there anything wrong with a tropicalparadise making money from an invented pastMichael Bawaya investigates

Tourist trap

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

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džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 38: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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36 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

rdquoEvery year 800000tourists arrive to enjoy thesun sand scuba diving ndashand invented Maya pastrdquo

Roataacuten Town

El Antigual archaeological site

Maya Key

3 km

Trouble in paradiseRoataacuten the largest of Hondurasrsquos Bay Islands has become a battleground for historical truth Despite whatthe Honduran government would have you believe Roataacuten was never a Maya site although parts of the

Maya city of Copaacuten are recreated in full scale at Maya Key

ROATAacuteN

ROATAacuteN

Maya cityof Copaacuten

Extent ofClassical Maya

civilisationMeexico

Guatemala

El Salvador Nicaragua

Honduras

Belize

Paci1047297c

Ocean

Caribbean

Sea Gulf of Mexico

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 39: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 37

True history

Michael Bawaya is editor of American Archaeology

magazine He lives in Albuquerque New Mexico

Maya Keyrsquos replica ruins

are one of Roataacutenrsquos

leading attractions

even though there is no

evidence that the Mayalived on the island

rdquoRoataacuten has a fascinatinghistory of pirates but thatis not what sells What sellsis the made-up versionrdquo

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4160

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4460

42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

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džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 40: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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38 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

P A T R I C K

G E O R G E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

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ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 41: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 39

Some invasive surgeries are becoming a thing of

the past thanks to a clever way of focusingacoustic waves 1047297nds Helen Thomson

Surgeryrsquos new sound

P

gt

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 42: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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40 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Irsquom in scrubs hairnet in place The surgical

theatre is cool with music playing softly in

the background Nurses are busy preparing

equipment Caroline Moore ndash the surgeon at

University College London Hospital ndash is busy

double-checking some scans So far so ER

But one thing is missing Although

the patient lying in front of me is fully

anaesthetised and about to have his

prostate cancer treated there are no

needles scissors or scalpels in sight

Instead Moore gently inserts a

high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

probe into the patientrsquos rectum She sits

between his legs and boots up a programme

on a computer screen She asks for the

lights to be dimmed

A low-intensity beam of ultrasoundproduces a scan of the patientrsquos prostate

which appears on Moorersquos screen She

adjusts the probe to get a better view ndash

having already analysed previous MRI and

biopsy results from the patient she knows

exactly where his tumours are

Using the real-time scans provided by the

probe Moore marks on the screen which

areas of the prostate need destroying She

checks her measurements from several

angles Then she presses ldquostartrdquo

You wouldnrsquot know anything had

happened The regular beep beep beep

of the patientrsquos heartbeat breaks the

silence but other than that the theatre

is dark and uneventful

Inside the patient itrsquos a different story

The probe is now emitting a regular burst

of focused ultrasound energy onto the

areas previously dictated by Moore on the

computer screen This energy heats up tiny

areas of the prostate for 3 seconds The

probe stops emitting ultrasound for

6 seconds and then starts again The heat

created by the energy destroys the tumour

Although the patientrsquos surgery is now

under the control of a computer Moore still

has a lot to do As the prostate heats up and

tissue is destroyed swelling occurs She

continuously compares real-time scans with

the patientrsquos first scan so she can counteractmovement of the probe caused by any

swelling Occasionally the prostate gets

too hot and she presses the pause button

Moorersquos patient will leave hospital later

that afternoon He has to put up with a

catheter for a week but hopefully he is

now cancer free Therersquos also a good chance

he will have kept his ability to maintain

erections without pills says Moore and

therersquos a less than 1 per cent chance of

him becoming incontinent ldquoNo surgery is

completely side-effect freerdquo says Moore

ldquobut wersquore getting closer with HIFUrdquo

NO BLOOD SWEAT OR TEARS

rdquoThere was a strangebuzzing sensation butthe brain surgery was

completely painlessrdquo

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5160

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

$SSOLFDWLRQV ZLOO EH FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH DUH UHFHLYHG 7R UHFHLYH IXOO

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 43: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |41

Bursting bubbles

Helen Thomson is a news reporter at New Scientist

rdquoThe shockwave of thecollapsing bubblespushes the drugs deeperinto the tumourrdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4460

42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5160

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

RI DSSOLFDWLRQ OHWWHUV ZLOO EH UHTXHVWHG GLUHFWO E 0 7 4XHVWLRQV PDEH DGGUHVVHG WR 3URI 6DPXHO RZULQJ 6HDUFK ampRPPLWWHH ampKDLU DW

VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 44: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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42 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

I M A G E B R O K E R F L P A

It takes wisdom experience and two Xchromosomes to successfully lead a herd ofelephants 1047297nds Lesley Evans Ogden

Pachyderm politics

E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4660

Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4960

For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Faculty Positions

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ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 45: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 43

Friends and relations

gt

Matriarchs carry a treasuretrove of crucial informationand have a uniqueinfluence over their grouprdquo

Like humans elephants

live in a complex

fission-fusion society

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

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Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

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Page 46: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Taken for tusks illegal ivory trade is on the riseWith growing demand from the Far East poachers target mature female elephants as well as males

Some progressin key aspects ofcompliance and enforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcompliance orenforcement

Failing on keyaspects ofcomplianceand enforcement

African elephant numbers 2012Commitment to 1047297ghting illegal ivory trade

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000

CameroonCentral African Rep

ChadRep of Congo

D R CongoEquatorial Guinea

GabonEritrea

EthiopiaKenya

RwandaSomalia

South SudanTanzania

UgandaAngola

BotswanaMalawi

MozambiqueNamibia

South AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

BeninBurkina FasoCocircte dIvoire

GhanaGuinea

Guinea BissauLiberia

MaliNiger

NigeriaSenegal

Sierra LeoneTogo

De1047297nite Speculative

GGabonG

Congo

Zimbaaabwea

erooneCamee

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Nigeria

DRCongo

CAR

44 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

Mama knows best

rdquoIt looks like matriarchs becomeless gregarious and moreconservative in their old agerdquo

M I C H A E L N I C H O L S N A T I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C C R E A T I V E

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

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but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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07 LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW$IAgraveUPDWLYH $FWLRQ HPSORHU DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP ZRPHQ DQGXQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG PLQRULW FDQGLGDWHV DUH HQFRXUDJHG 07 LV D QRQVPRNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW

Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 47: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 45

Losing a leader

Lesley Evans Ogden is based in Vancouver Canada S O U R C E W W F O

R G E L E P H A N T D A T A B A S E O

R G C I T E S

at Monitoring the Illegal Killingof Elephants (MIKE) sites

Illegalelephantdeaths( ofalldeaths)

20052003 20092007

NATURAL REPRODUCTION RATE

2011

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

African elephants illegally killed

As well as being killed for their tusks some

elephants like this one die in conflicts over land

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4960

For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 48: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 4860

CULTURELAB

46 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

From Dust to Life The origin and

evolution of our solar system by John

Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton

Princeton University Press

pound1995$2995

Life Beyond Earth The search for

habitable worlds in the universe

by Athena Coustenis and TheacuteregraveseEncrenaz Cambridge University

Press pound1999$2999

Alien Universe Extraterrestrial

life in our minds and in the cosmos

by Don Lincoln Johns Hopkins

University Press pound1950$2995

ldquoThere are more planetsin the universe than thereare sand grains on all thebeaches on Earthrdquo

Is there anybody out thereWe may well find some kind of life in space but whether we can talk to it is another matteraltogether Marcus Chown explores cosmodiversity

E S O L

C A L Ccedil A D A

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 49: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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For more books and arts coverage visit newscientistcomculturelab

4 January 2014 | NewScientist | 47

Artistsrsquo impressions of Pluto are all we

have until a probe reaches it in 2015

Marcus Chown is a consultant for

New Scientist His latest book is What

a Wonderful World One manrsquos attempt

to explain the big stuff (Faber amp

Faber) His app is Solar System for iPad

ldquoWe only know terrestrialbiology and not whatrsquosspecial or general about itItrsquos an enormous handicaprdquo

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5060

CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

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7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

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THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 50: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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CULTURELAB

48 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

A year in booksHere is our preview of the 2014 crop forlovers of good books and fine ideas

Neanderthal Man In search of lost

genomes by Svante Paumlaumlbo Basic Books

The Future of the Mind The scientific

quest to understand enhance and

empower the mind by Michio Kaku

Allen LaneDoubleday

Our Mathematical Universe My quest

for the ultimate nature of realityby

Max Tegmark Allen LaneKnopf

The Cosmic Cocktail Three parts dark

matter by Katherine Freese Princeton

University Press

Consciousness and the Brain

Deciphering how the brain codes our

thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene Viking

The Galapagos A natural history by

Henry Nicholls ProfileBasic Books

Sonic Wonderland A scientific

odyssey of sound (US The Sound

Book The science of the sonic

wonders of the world) by Trevor Cox

Bodley HeadW W Norton

D A V I D B O R L A N D V I E W

The Improbability Principle Why

coincidences miracles and rare

events happen every day by David J

Hand BantamFarrar Straus and Girou

A Natural History of Human Thinking

by Michael Tomasello Harvard

University Press

Superintelligence The coming

machine intelligence revolution by

Nick Bostrum Oxford University Press

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 51: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

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the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

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892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

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Page 52: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5260

50 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

West Coast Office201 Mission Street 26th FloorSan Francisco CA 94105Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 415 908 3353Fax 415 543 6789

East Coast Office225 Wyman StreetWaltham MA 02451Email NSSalesNewScientistcomPhone 781 734 8770Fax 720 356 9217

Incorporating ScienceJobscomTo apply online visit newscientistjobscom

Calls may be monitored or recorded for staff training purposes

CHEMISTRY

Associate Director DirectorGlobal Regulatory Lead

Global Product Strategy

Michael PageIL - Illinois The incumbent will be responsiblefor preparing and implementingglobal product regulatory strategyfor new chemical entities (NCEs)and marketed products in theassigned therapeutic area The GRLwill serve as the primary regulatoryinterface with Global Product Team

(GPT) Ensures the business needsfor the assigned product(s) aremet by anticipating identifyingprioritizing and mitigatingregulatory risks while ensuringcompliance with all global regulatoryrequirementsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486133

Biostatistician with ClinicalPharmacology Experience

Alpha ConsultingNJ - New JerseyProject Description Supportclinical pharmacology Oncology Immunology statistics analysisProvide protocol related statisticssupport including statisticalanalysis plan CRF review interimanalysis and final statistical reports

Statistical consultant to clinicalstudy team provides support tolead on early development Oncology Immunology projectsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401488287

Senior Mechanical Engineer

BlackLight Power IncNJ - New Jersey

Primary Job Functions As part of amechanical chemical and plasmaengineering development teamthe successful candidate will workin this multi-faceted position to

build a commercially viable electricalpower pilot plant using a thermallyregenerative hydrogen-based solidfuel and a plasma to electric powerconverterFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401487587

Assistant ProfessorChemistry - Faculty of Artsand Science

MacEwan UniversityCanada - AlbertaThe Department of PhysicalSciences at MacEwan Universityinvites applicants for the positionof Assistant Professor in Chemistrywith expertise in biogeochemistryorganic geochemistry or petroleumchemistry The appointment willcommence July 1 2014 subjectto final budgetary approvalCandidates must have a PhD(or a solid indication of imminentcompletion of a PhD) and willbe expected to deliver rigorousundergraduate courses informed byan ambitious research programFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486917

Principal Scientist ProteinPurification

MerckCA - California The successful candidate willmanage a group of four scientists(including one PhD-level scientist)to purify and characterize avariety of reagent and therapeuticcandidate proteins including taggedand untagged proteins monoclonalantibodies and antibody scaffolds

The protein purification groupgenerates micrograms to multiplegrams of purified proteinsantibodies Candidates must havesolid proven experience in allaspects of protein purification

The Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT

continues to seek applications for multiple faculty positions in the broad

AgraveHOGV RI JHRORJ JHRELRORJ JHRFKHPLVWU DQG JHRSKVLFV LQFOXGLQJ

but not limited to earth history tectonics earthquake source physics

VXUIDFH SURFHVVHV VHGLPHQWRORJ HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFH GHHS HDUWKSURSHUWLHV DQG SURFHVVHV DQG URFN SKVLFV $SSOLFDQWV WKDW LQWHJUDWHDFURVV WUDGLWLRQDO ERXQGDULHV DUH SDUWLFXODUO HQFRXUDJHG WR DSSO

7KH LQWHQWLRQ LV WR KLUH DW WKH DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRU OHYHO EXW PRUH VHQLRU

appointments can be considered Applicants should submit a curriculum

YLWDH RQHWRWZR SDJH GHVFULSWLRQ RI UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJ SODQV DQG

the names email addresses and phone numbers of three professional

referees Please do not ask your referees to upload letters at the time

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VERZULQJPLWHGX Applications are being accepted at Academic Jobs

Online httpsacademicjobsonlineorgajojoblist---96

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FRQVLGHUDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ PXVW EH UHFHLYHG E March 1 2014

Search Contact

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Faculty Positions

^d ŶĐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞLJĞĂƌ ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ

ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŵƵƐƚ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ Ă ƌĞĐĞŶƚ WŚ ŝŶ dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů WŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ

ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ŵĂŶLJďŽĚLJ ƉŚLJƐŝĐƐ ƐƉŝŶ ŐůĂƐƐ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚŽƌŝĂů ŽƉƟŵŝnjĂƟŽŶ

džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌLJ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĂů ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉůƵƐ dŚĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ ǁŝůů

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E^ ŵĞƐ YƵĂŶƚƵŵ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ

gtĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŚƩƉǁǁǁŶĂƐŶĂƐĂŐŽǀƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ

ůĂƚĞƐƚ tĂǀĞ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂŶŶĞĂůŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂů ŚĞƵƌŝƐƟĐ

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƐƵƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ

^d Ă ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Ăƚ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŽ E^

Interested individuals are invited to apply at the following siteŚƩƉǁǁǁƐŐƚŝŶĐĐŽŵ ƐĞĞ ĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Žď EƵŵďĞƌ ϬϬϮϳဒϯ

WŽƐƚĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů WŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ E^ ŵĞƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ

and purification processdevelopment for early stage proteintherapeuticsFor more information visitNewScientistJobscom Job ID1401486448

LIFE SCIENCES

CHEMISTRY

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 53: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5360

4 January 2014 | NewScientist |51

newscientistjobscom

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is a government-funded tertiary institution in Hong Kong It offers programmes at various levels including Doctorate Masterrsquos andBachelorrsquos degrees It has a full-time academic staff strength of around 1200 The total consolidated expenditure budget of the University is close to HK$5 billion per year

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

The Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI) houses the disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography The Department offersprogrammes at various levels from BSc(Hons) to PhD degree The Department currently has 28 academic staff members with about 20 technical clinical andadministrat ive personnel The Department has over 50 research postgraduate students and research staff 220 taught postgraduate students and 450 undergraduatestudents HTI is a leading academic department in the professional disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science and Radiography with strong commitment to qualityteaching research and professional service Please visit the website at httpwwwpolyueduhkhti for more information about the Department

Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor in Medical Laboratory Science with core disciplines of (a) Clinical

Chemistry and (b) Haematology amp Transfusion Science (two posts)

The appointees will be required to (a) contribute to the teachinglearning activities within the Medical Laboratory Science programmes at undergraduate andpostgraduate levels where the teaching activities are conducted in English and (b) engage actively in research and other scholarly activities

Applicants are expected to have (a) a PhD degree in the area of Medical Laboratory ScienceBiomedical Science or a closely related field (b) a professional qualification

in Medical Laboratory Science and a significant amount of relevant clinical experience (c) relevant teaching experience at university level (d) strong commitment toexcellence in teaching and research with high achievement or clear potential for high achievement in teaching and research that is commensurate with the appointedgrade and (e) a strong record of output in research and development collaboration and leadership that is commensurate with the appointed grade

Remuneration and Conditions of Service A highly competitive remuneration package will be offered Initial appointments for Assistant Professor will be on a fixed-term gratuity-bearing contractRe-engagement thereafter is subject to mutual agreement An appropriate term will be provided for appointment at Associate Professor and Professor levels

Applicants should state their current and expected salary in the application

Application

Please submit application form via email to hrstaffpolyueduhk by fax at (852) 2364 2166 or by mail to Human Resources Office 13F Li Ka Shing Tower The

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong If you would like to provide a separate curriculum vitae please still complete theapplication form which will help speed up the recruitment process Application forms can be obtained via the above channels or downloaded fromhttpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobhtm Recruitment will continue until the positions are filled Details of the Universityrsquos Personal Information CollectionStatement for recruitment can be found at httpwwwpolyueduhkhrojobpicshtm

Cures donrsquot just happen They demand collaboration Dedication Enthusiasm Teamwork

St Jude Childrenrsquos Research Hospital is a world renowned

institution that requires a superior diverse and well-trained group

of clinicians researchers postdoctoral fellows administrators and

information technology specialists Research efforts are directed

at understanding the molecular genetic and chemical bases

of catastrophic diseases in children identifying cures for such

diseases and promoting their prevention

St Jude is committed to hiring the best and the brightest to maintain

our culture of excellence We offer career opportunities for a wide range

of positions to support the institutionrsquos biomedical research and

clinical activities

Visit our website at wwwstjudeorgjobs to learn more about us and

to apply for open positions St Jude offers a competitive salary and an

excellent benefits package

wwwstjudeorgjobs

Ranked in the top 10 best places to work in academia by The Scientist yearly since 2005

Named the nationrsquos No 1 pediatric cancer care hospital by Parents magazine 2009

Named the nationrsquos best childrenrsquos cancer hospital by US News amp World Report 2010

Named to FORTUNE magazinersquos 100 Best Companies to Work For 2012

An Equal O pportu nity Emp loyer mdashcopy2012 St Jude Chi ldrenrsquos Research Hospital-Biomedical Communications

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 54: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5460

52 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

Seeking recent PhD graduates for Post-Doctoral Scholar positions in the Mulder Lab Deptof Biochemistry amp Molecular Biology Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Hershey PA

Research is focused on tumor cell signaling trafficking and cell movementmigrationwith a particular emphasis on colon and pancreatic cancer Research also pertainsto TGFszlig anti-cancer therapeutics amp diagnostics cancer invasionmetastasis km23

RhoA invadopodiainvadosomes motor proteins dynein actin cytoskeleton

Requirements include a recent PhD in a relevant 1047297eld as well as relevant peer-reviewed molecularcell biology publications Priority given toUS citizens permanent residents and applicants with expertise in studies related to 3D invasion and motility studies FLIM-FRET invadosomeresearch as well as confocal imaging and tracking analyses

Please send CV and contact information for 3 referees to Dr Kathleen M Mulder at kmm15psuedu In your application please indicatewhich of your publications demonstrate your confocal imagingtracking expertise

For more information about the important role of km23-1 in tumor cell migration and invasion please visit the links below or ourpublications online httpwwwfuturityorghealth-medicineprotein-helps-colon-cancer-move-and-invade httpwwweurekalertorgpub_releases2013-06ps-pii062713php httpnewspsuedustory28030020130627researchprotein-involved-colon-cancer-cells-ability-invade-other-cells

httpwwwsciencedailycomreleases201212121218121425htm httppro1047297lespsuedupro1047297lesPro1047297leDetailsaspxFrom=SEampPerson=837

Penn State Hershey College of Medicine is located in a scenic countryside setting with affordable living minutes from work and moderateclimate conditions Located near the state capitol Harrisburg in south central PA it is approximately 15 hours from Philadelphia PA orBaltimore MD and about 3 hours from New York City Modern laboratory space is abundant and research instrumentation technologiesand core facilities are state-of-the-art

Post-doctoral Scholar Positions in Molecular and Cell Biology Cancer Research

Northeasternrsquos College of Engineering seeks outstanding faculty candidates for appointments

at the associate or full professor level both within the college and in conjunction with

interdisciplinary positions across the university We will also consider exceptional candidates at

the assistant professor level Successful applicants will lead internationally recognized research

programs that complement existing expertise aligned with one or more of Northeasternrsquos

VWUDWHJLF UHVHDUFK WKHPHVsup2KHDOWK VHFXULW DQG VXVWDLQDELOLWsup2RU LQ WKH HQDEOLQJ iquestHOGV RI

nanotechnology and materials and data scienceOur Boston campus facilitates collaborations

with major medical centers research labs neighboring academic institutions and industry

53 FACULTY HIRES SINCE 2010hellipand counting

1RUWKHDVWHUQ LV DQ $IiquestUPDWLYH $FWLRQ(TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW HGXFDWRU DQG HPSORHU FRPPLWWHG WR H[FHOOHQFH WKURXJK GLYHUVLW

Learn more

bitlyNUCOErecruit

northeasterneducoe

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 55: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5560

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Career Awards for Medical Scientists

Five-year awards for physician scientists provide

$700000 to bridge advanced postdoctoral

fellowship training and the early years of faculty

service This award addresses the on-going

problem of increasing the number of physician

scientists and will help facilitate the transition

to a career in research

Collaborative Research Travel Grants Provide

up to $15000 in support for interdisciplinary

biomedical researchers from degree-granting

institutions to travel to a laboratory to acquire

a new research technique or to facilitate

collaboration

DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

Underrepresented Minority Enrichment

Program Provides $50000 over three years to

support the development of underrepresented

minority postdoctoral fellows in biomedical

research

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigators in the Pathogenesis of

Infectious Disease Five-year awards provide

$500000 for opportunities for accomplished

investigators at the assistant professor level to

study infectious disease pathogenesis with a

focus on the intersection of human and

microbial biology The program is intended to

shed light on the overarching issues of how

human hosts handle infectious challenge

INTERFACES IN SCIENCECareer Awards at the Scienti1047297c Interface

Five-year awards provide $500000 to bridge

advanced postdoctoral training and the early

years of faculty service These awards are

intended to foster the early career development

of researchers with backgrounds in the physical

mathematicalcomputationalengineering

sciences whose work addresses biological

questions BWF has moved to a self-nomination

format for this award

Grant ProgramsPOPULATION AND LABORATORY

BASED SCIENCES

Institutional Program Unifying Population and

Laboratory Based Sciences Five-year awards

provide $25 million to unite population-level and

laboratory-based biological sciences The award

supports the training of researchers working

between existing research concentrations in

population approaches to health and in basic

biological sciences The goal is to establish

interdisciplinary training programs by partnering

researchers working in disparate environments

and intellectual frameworks

REGULATORY SCIENCE

Innovation in Regulatory Science Awards

Provides up to $500000 over 1047297ve years to

academic investigators who are addressing

research questions that will lead to innovation in

regulatory science with ultimate translation of

those results into improving the regulatory

process These awards are intended to provide

support for academic researchers developing

new methodologies or innovative approaches in

regulatory science that will ultimately inform the

regulatory decisions the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) and others make

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE

Preterm Birth Initiative Provides $600000

over a four-year period to bring together a diverse

interdisciplinary group with the more traditional

areas of parturition research to address the

scienti1047297c issues related to preterm birth

For complete program information including

deadlines please visit wwwbwfundorg

SCIENCE EDUCATION

Career Awards for Science and Mathematics

Teachers Five-year awards provide $175000

to eligible science or mathematics teachers in

the North Carolina public primary and

secondary schools The purpose of this award is

to recognize teachers who have demonstrated

solid knowledge of science or mathematics

content and have outstanding performance

records in educating chi ldren The award is a

partnership between the North Carolina State

Board of Education and BWF

Student Science Enrichment Program

Three-year awards provide up to $180000 to

North Carolina nonpro1047297t organizations including

publicprivate schools universities col legesand museums This program supports creative

inquiry-based science enrichment activities that

occur outside the typical school day for K-12

students The programrsquos goals are to nur ture

studentsrsquo enthusiasm about science expose

them to the excitement of scienti1047297c discovery

and interest them in pursuing careers in

research or a variety of other careers in science

Promoting Innovation in Science and

Mathematics Awards provide teachers with

funding for materials equipment and training to

conduct hands-on inquiry-based science and

mathematics projects in North Carolina public

schools

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund is a private foundation

located in Research Triangle Park North Carolina

Find out more at bwfundorg

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 56: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5660

54 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

newscientistjobscom

2014 Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize for Biology or Biochemisry Te Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize was esablished under he will of he lae S Gross Horwiz hrough a beques o Columbia Universiy and is named o honorhe donorrsquos moher Louisa Gross Horwiz was he daugher of Dr Samuel David Gross (1805-1889) a prominen surgeon of Philadelphia and auhor of he

ousanding Systems of Surgery who served as Presiden of he American Medical AssociaionEach year since is incepion in 1967 he Louisa Gross Horwiz Prize has been awarded by Columbia Universiy for ousanding basic research in he 1047297elds of

biology or biochemisry Te purpose of his award is o honor a scieni1047297c invesigaor or group of invesigaors whose conribuions o knowledge in eiher ofhese 1047297elds are deemed worhy of special recogniion

Te Prize consiss of an honorarium and a ciaion which are awarded a a special presenaion even Unless oherwise recommended by he Prize Commiteehe Prize is awarded annually Te 2013 awardee(s) will be announced in December 2013

QUALIFICAIONS FOR HE AWARDTe Prize Commitee recognizes no geographical limiaions Te Prize may be awarded o an individual or a group When he Prize is awarded o a group hehonorarium will be divided among he recipiens bu each member will receive a ciaion Preference will be given o work done in he recen pas

Nominaions mus be submited elecronically a htpwwwcumccolumbiaeduresearchhorwiz-prize All communicaions and maerials mus be writen in he English language

Deadline dae January 31 2014

Re-nominaion(s) are by inviaion only Self-nominaions are no permited

Nominaions should include 1) A summary no more han 500 words long of he research on which his nominaion is based 2) A summary no more han 500 words long of he signi1047297cance of his research in he 1047297elds of biology or biochemisry 3) A brief biographical skech of he nominee including posiions held and awards received by he nominee 4) A lising of up o en of he nomineersquos mos signi1047297can publicaions relaing o he research noed under iem 1 5) A copy of he nomineersquos curriculum viae

Get your resumeacute to the top of the pile

Upload your CV today at

NewScientistJobscom

Register your resumeacute on New Scientist Jobs to ensure the

best employers can 1047297nd you

Be headhunted by relevant recruiters in science

research and academia

Apply for jobs quickly and easily with your saved resumeacute

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 57: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5760

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 58: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5860

56 | NewScientist | 4 January 2014

FEEDBACK

TALKING of units a steady stream of

readers have developed the concept ofthe elephant as unit Bearing in mind

NASArsquos problems with unit mix ups

Ian Bradley asks whether the unit is

based on African or Asian elephants

Pachyderms can measure more

On a recent trip to Malawi Malcolm White wasstartled to find a stiff paper bag in a hotelbathroom labelled with the request to insertonersquos ldquoSanity Towelrdquo for disposal

than just mass and force Nick Lake

quotes 7 Days a free newspaper in

the United Arab Emirates describing

the Bloodhound SSC which is being

built to attempt a land speed record

Its air brakes are apparently

ldquoequivalent in drag to a large

elephantrdquo So Nick says ldquowe can add

coefficient of drag to mass and force

As for elephants in draghelliprdquo

SOMEHOW the above discussion feels

related to Martin Savagersquos suggestion

that we need a subdivision of the

unit the milliphant

THE BBC Mike Moore observes isnrsquot

universally blessed with the ability to

detect numbers that smell wrong or

olfactorithmetic (21 December 2013)

On 9 December referring to a study

on gender bias in science subjects

it reported the Institute of Physics

finding ldquothat nearly half of the

co-educational state-funded schools

we looked at are actually doing worse

than averagerdquo quoting curriculum

and diversity manager Clare

Thomson Feedback refers the

honourable gentlepeople to the

definitions of ldquomeanrdquo and ldquomedianrdquo

averages Peter Main IoP director of

education and science tells us this

was ldquotaken out of context ratherunfortunately by the BBCrdquo

WHEREAS the Australian tea tree

is favoured by ldquonatural remedyrdquo

fans as a fierce antiseptic honey

from Manuka flowers is tasty and

credited with many things We

find NaturalNewscom asking ldquoCan

manuka honey prevent cancerrdquo and

we respond ldquoany headline expresse

as a question begs the answer lsquoNOrsquordquo

FINALLY a UK delivery company

informed Edward Parker it had ldquo1

item Total weight 0000kgrdquo ldquoThatrdquo

he says ldquowill be the anti-gravity

machine I ordered last weekrdquo

You can send stories to Feedback by

email at feedbacknewscientistcom

Please include your home address

This weekrsquos and past Feedbacks can

be seen on our website

For more feedback visit newscientistcomfeedback

P A U L M C D E V I T T

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 59: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 5960

THE LAST WORD

Silk stockings

We share our house with a few

spiders This morning one with

a small body and long spindly legstrapped another squatter darker

spider in its web How can this

happen Since spiders are adept

at walking along strands of silk

why should one get trapped in

anotherrsquos web

This weekrsquos question

HIGH GROWTH

ldquoSpiders are not immunefrom being trapped in theirown webs but leave somestrands of silk glue-freerdquo

Last words past and present at newscientistcomtopiclastword

Win pound100 by answering our monthly question about energy issues

How much energy is in a lightning bolt Is it enough and are

there places where lightning strikes often enough to think about

flying kites to transfer that energy to the grid

Answers should reach us by 2359 GMT on 14 January 2014 to

answersnewscientistcom or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

energy Terms and conditions are also at this URL

THE LAST WORD ON ENERGY

sponsored byy

The writers of answers published in the

magazine will receive a cheque for pound25

(or US$ equivalent) Answers should be

concise We reserve the right to edit items

for clarity and style Include a daytime

telephone number and email address if you

have one We are pleased to acknowledge

financial support from Statoil in producing

The Last Word New Scientist retains

total editorial control over the content

Reed Business Information Ltd

reserves all rights to reuse question

and answer material that has been

submitted by readers in any medium

or in any format

Send questions and answers to

The Last Word New Scientist Lacon House

84 Theobaldrsquos Road London WC1X 8NS

UK by email to lastwordnewscientist

com or visit wwwnewscientistcomtopic

lastword (please include a postal address

in order to receive payment for answers)

Unanswered questions can also be found

at this URL

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060

Page 60: New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

892019 New Scientist - January 4 2014 UK

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullnew-scientist-january-4-2014-uk 6060