New Research in Origami MetamaterialsPromises Wide Implications

27-Jul-2020 535 PM EDT by Georgia Institute of Technology (institutionsnewsroom7008)

Newswise mdash The simplicity and elegance of origami an ancient Japanese art form hasmotivated researchers to explore its application in the world of materials

New research from an interdisciplinary team including Northwestern Universityrsquos HoracioEspinosa and Sridhar Krishnaswamy and the Georgia Institute of Technologyrsquos GlaucioPaulino aims to advance the creation and understanding of such folded structures forapplications ranging from soft robotics to medical devices to energy harvesters

Inspired by origami mechanical metamaterials mdash artificial structures with mechanicalproperties defined by their structure rather than their composition mdash have gainedconsiderable attention because of their potential to yield deployable and highly tunablestructures and materials

What wasnrsquot known was which structures integrate shape recoverability pronounceddirectional mechanical properties and reversible auxeticity mdash meaning their lateraldimensions can increase and then decrease when progressively squeezed Though some 3Dorigami structures have been produced through additive manufacturing achieving the foldingproperties displayed in ideal paper origami remained a challenge

Using nanoscale effects for an origami design the team of researchers from NorthwesternrsquosMcCormick School of Engineering and Georgia Tech sought to answer that question Theyproduced small 3D origami-built metamaterials successfully retaining the best propertieswithout resorting to artifacts to enable folding

ldquoThe created structures constitute the smallest fabricated origami architected metamaterialsexhibiting an unprecedented combination of mechanical propertiesrdquo said Espinosa theJames and Nancy J Farley Professor of Manufacturing and Entrepreneurship and professorof mechanical engineering and (by courtesy) biomedical engineering and civil andenvironmental engineering

(articlesmedia-

article735390)Allison Carter Georgia Tech

Larissa Novelino a PhD student at Georgia Tech shows several metamaterial prototypes at different scales

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ldquoOur work demonstrated that rational design of metamaterials with a large degree of shaperecoverability and direction-dependent stiffness and deformation is possible using origamidesigns and that origami foldability enables a state where the material initially expands andsubsequently contracts laterally (reversible auxeticity)rdquo added Espinosa who serves asdirector of Northwesternrsquos theoretical and applied mechanics graduate program ldquoSuchproperties promise to influence a number of applications across a wide range of fieldsencompassing the nano- micro- and macro-scales leveraging the intrinsic scalability oforigami assembliesrdquo

Guided by geometry the scaling and miniaturization of the origami metamaterial are excitingin itself and by the unprecedented multifunctionality that is naturally enables said Paulinothe Raymond Allen Jones Chair in Georgia Techs School of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering

Only an interdisciplinary effort combining origami design 3D laser printing with nanoscaleresolution and in situ electron microscopy mechanical testing could reveal the unprecedentedcombination of properties our work demonstrated and their potential impact on futureapplications added Paulino who contributed to establishing the National Science FoundationEmerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation Program named ODISSEI (Origami Designfor Integration of Self-assembling Systems for Engineering Innovation)

ldquoJust like nature has architected a wide range of structures using just a few material systemsorigami allows us to engineer resilient structural components with distinct physical propertiesalong different directionsrdquo said Krishnaswamy professor of mechanical engineering

ldquoWe can envision origami-based soft microrobots that are stiff along some directions to carrypayloads while maintaining other degrees of flexibility for motion Origami-metamaterials thatexploit reversible auxeticity and large deformation can lead to multifunctional applicationsranging from deployable microsurgical instruments and medical devices to energy steeringand harvestingrdquo added Krishnaswamy the director of Northwesternrsquos Center for SmartStructures and Materials

The study presents new avenues to be explored long term Espinosa said

ldquoThere are a number of possibilitiesrdquo he said ldquoOne is the fabrication of origami structures withceramic and metallic materials while preserving nanoscale dimensions to exploit size effectsin the mechanical response of the structures leading to superior energy dissipation per unitvolume and mass Another is the use of piezoelectric polymers which can result in energyharvesters that can drive sensing modalities or power microsurgical toolsrdquo

The research ldquoFolding at the Microscale Enabling Multifunctional 3D Origami-ArchitectedMetamaterialsrdquo was published in the journal Small on July 27 Along with EspinosaKrishnaswamy and Paulino coauthors include Northwesternrsquos Nicolas A Alderete ZhaowenLin and Heming Wei and Larissa S Novelino from Georgia Tech

The research was supported by the Army Research Office (award W911NF1220022) a Multi-University Research Initiative through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0009) the Office of Naval Research (grants N00014-15-1-2935 and N00014-16-1-3021) and the National Science Foundation (grant No 1538830) Nicolas Alderete receiveda fellowship from the Argentinian Roberto Rocca Education Program and Larisa Novelinofrom the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (project2351042014-0)

Writer Brian Sandalow Northwestern University

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