New RemoteTEK Repeater

CompactCompact RepeaterRepeater

UserUserss ManualManual

ThisThisThisThis documentdocumentdocumentdocument appliesappliesappliesapplies to:to:to:to:

R17ER/T0-GD/GW/DW(-DS)

R17ER0-Y6

R17ER0-Z3

R18ER/T0-GD/GW/DW(-DS)

R18ET0-Y8

R19ER0-GD

R19ET0-GW/R19ET0-Y7

v1.0 UM-R1XEX0M-MM-02 Page 5

Dual Band Compact Repeater Users Manual

CopyrightCopyrightCopyrightCopyright InformationInformationInformationInformation

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of Remotek. Remotek hereby

authorizes its customers to make copies of this documentation in CD-ROM form to customers own

computers for use in conjunction with the products described herein.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Remotek assumes no liability for

omissions or inaccuracies in this document, or from the furnishing or use of the information herein.

Remotek reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein and does not assume any

liability arising out of the applications or use of any product described herein.

This document and the information in it is the proprietary and confidential information of Remotek that is

provided by Remotek to its customers pursuant to a contract for the purchase of the products described

herein. If the possessor of this document is an entity or individual not party to a sales contract with

Remotek, or is not otherwise intended by Remotek to receive this document and the information in it, you

are hereby notified that such possession is unauthorized and is in derogation of Remoteks proprietary

interests.

ContactContactContactContact

RemotekRemotekRemotekRemotek CorporationCorporationCorporationCorporation

Address: 6F~6, No. 77,

Sec.1, Hsin Tai Wu Rd.,

Hsi-Chih, Taipei, Taiwan. 221.

Tel: 886-2-2698-2211

Fax: 886-2-2698-8268

[email protected]

www.remotek.com.tw



PrefacePrefacePrefacePreface

AudienceAudienceAudienceAudience

Thank you for purchasing the Remotek repeater. Strict quality control system procedures are implemented

to ensure you a high quality product; with numerous cellular operators acknowledging the product to be a

high performance, low interference, transparent and simple to operate and maintain.

This document is written for Remotek and customer service personnel, who install, configure and

commission the repeater system in a cellular network.

ScopeScopeScopeScope

The information in this manual is intended to support customer engineering practices and policies, site

engineering standards, and relevant safety standards in case of installing and configuring the REMOTEK

repeater to improve communication quality.

The information herein is not meant to supersede the site engineering design documents.

If any of the instructions present a conflict, please contact Remotek Customer Service Department for

further assistance.

HowHowHowHow thisthisthisthis manualmanualmanualmanual isisisis organizedorganizedorganizedorganized

Chapter 1 General information on safety precautions and warranty

Chapter 2 Provides an introduction to repeater systems and its applications.

Chapter 3 Outlines installation procedures

Chapter 4 Provides examples and calculation for commissioning proposes

Chapter 5 Steps to take and check if problems occur with the repeater.

Chapter 6 Appendix

TextTextTextText ConventionsConventionsConventionsConventions

This manual uses special paragraphs to call attention to information that is of particular importance to the

reader.

Note:

Note:Note:

Note: Presents nonessential, but potentially helpful information that helps to understand a topic.

Important:

Important:Important:

Important: Presents information to avoid an undesirable result.

Warning:

Warning:Warning:

Warning: Notifies the reader of a potentially hazardous situation that could damage the repeater.



TableTableTableTable ofofofof ContentsContentsContentsContents

1.1.1.1. GENERALGENERALGENERALGENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9999

1.11.11.11.1 WarrantyWarrantyWarrantyWarranty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9999

1.21.21.21.2 SafetySafetySafetySafety InformationInformationInformationInformation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9999

1.31.31.31.3 OtherOtherOtherOther PrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautions............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10101010

2.2.2.2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION TOTOTOTO REPEATERSREPEATERSREPEATERSREPEATERS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12121212

2.12.12.12.1 SystemSystemSystemSystem IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12121212

2.22.22.22.2 GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation LayoutLayoutLayoutLayout............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12121212

2.32.32.32.3 BasicBasicBasicBasic RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater SystemSystemSystemSystem ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponents....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13131313

2.42.42.42.4 AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14141414

2.52.52.52.5 ProfileProfileProfileProfile............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16161616

2.62.62.62.6 BlockBlockBlockBlock DiagramDiagramDiagramDiagram....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16161616

2.72.72.72.7 OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline ofofofof AvailableAvailableAvailableAvailable FunctionsFunctionsFunctionsFunctions............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18181818

3.3.3.3. INSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONINSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19191919

3.13.13.13.1 PreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19191919

3.23.23.23.2 AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20202020

3.2.1

3.2.13.2.1

3.2.1 Donor

DonorDonor

Donor Antenna

AntennaAntenna

Antenna........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................20

2020

20

3.2.2

3.2.23.2.2

3.2.2 Service

ServiceService

Service Antenna

AntennaAntenna

Antenna.......................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................22

2222

22

4.2.3

4.2.34.2.3

4.2.3 Lightning

LightningLightning

Lightning Protection

ProtectionProtection

Protection at

atat

at Antenna

AntennaAntenna

Antenna Installation

InstallationInstallation

Installation........................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................ 23

2323

23

3.33.33.33.3 IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23232323

3.3.1

3.3.13.3.1

3.3.1 Self-oscillation

Self-oscillationSelf-oscillation

Self-oscillation Concept

ConceptConcept

Concept..........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... 24

2424

24

3.3.2

3.3.23.3.2

3.3.2 Obtaining

ObtainingObtaining

Obtaining the

thethe

the Isolation

IsolationIsolation

Isolation Value

ValueValue

Value.................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................. 24

2424

24

3.43.43.43.4 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26262626

3.4.1

3.4.13.4.1

3.4.1 Installing

InstallingInstalling

Installing the

thethe

the Repeater

RepeaterRepeater

Repeater............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................26

2626

26

3.4.2

3.4.23.4.2

3.4.2 Connecting

ConnectingConnecting

Connecting Feeder

FeederFeeder

Feeder and

andand

and Power

PowerPower

Power Cables

CablesCables

Cables....................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................27

2727

27

3.4.3

3.4.33.4.3

3.4.3 Inserting

InsertingInserting

Inserting the

thethe

the SIM

SIMSIM

SIM Card

CardCard

Card (ER0

(ER0(ER0

(ER0 version)

version)version)

version)................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................ 28

2828

28

3.4.4

3.4.43.4.4

3.4.4 Modem

ModemModem

ModemWorking

WorkingWorking

Working Requirements

RequirementsRequirements

Requirements............................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................28

2828

28

4.4.4.4. COMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONING................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30303030

4.14.14.14.1 CommissioningCommissioningCommissioningCommissioning PrinciplePrinciplePrinciplePrinciple............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30303030

4.1.1

4.1.14.1.1

4.1.1 Downlink

DownlinkDownlink

Downlink Output

OutputOutput

Output Power

PowerPower

Power..........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................30

3030

30

4.1.2

4.1.24.1.2

4.1.2 UL

ULUL

ULNoise

NoiseNoise

Noise Floor

FloorFloor

Floor........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................32

3232

32

4.1.3

4.1.34.1.3

4.1.3 Isolation

IsolationIsolation

Isolation...................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................33

3333

33



4.24.24.24.2 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ConfigurationConfigurationConfigurationConfiguration........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34343434

4.2.1

4.2.14.2.1

4.2.1 Gain

GainGain

Gain Calculation

CalculationCalculation

Calculation.....................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... 34

3434

34

4.2.2

4.2.24.2.2

4.2.2 Start-up

Start-upStart-up

Start-up the

thethe

the Repeater

RepeaterRepeater

Repeater..............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. 36

3636

36

4.2.3

4.2.34.2.3

4.2.3 Gain

GainGain

Gain Setting

SettingSetting

Setting.............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................38

3838

38

5.5.5.5. MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCEMAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41414141

5.15.15.15.1 Status,Status,Status,Status, AlarmsAlarmsAlarmsAlarms andandandand SolutionsSolutionsSolutionsSolutions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41414141

5.1.1

5.1.15.1.1

5.1.1 Configuration

ConfigurationConfiguration

Configuration via

viavia

via LED

LEDLED

LED...........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... 41

4141

41

5.1.2

5.1.25.1.2

5.1.2 Configuration

ConfigurationConfiguration

Configuration via

viavia

via OMS/OMT

OMS/OMTOMS/OMT

OMS/OMT (ER0

(ER0(ER0

(ER0 Version)

Version)Version)

Version).........................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................42

4242

42

5.5.5.5.3333 TroubleshootingTroubleshootingTroubleshootingTroubleshooting............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43434343

5.35.35.35.3 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ReplacementReplacementReplacementReplacement................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44444444

6.6.6.6. APPENDIXAPPENDIXAPPENDIXAPPENDIX.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45454545

6.16.16.16.1 AbbreviationsAbbreviationsAbbreviationsAbbreviations........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45454545

6.26.26.26.2 SpecificationSpecificationSpecificationSpecification................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46464646

6.36.36.36.3 FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequency TableTableTableTable........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69696969

6.46.46.46.4 W-dBmW-dBmW-dBmW-dBm ConversionConversionConversionConversion TableTableTableTable........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 76767676

6.6.6.6.5555 WarrantyWarrantyWarrantyWarranty ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions andandandand DisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................77777777

6.5.1

6.5.16.5.1

6.5.1Warranty

WarrantyWarranty

Warranty Range

RangeRange

Range.......................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................77

7777

77

6.5.2

6.5.26.5.2

6.5.2 Range

RangeRange

Range of

ofof

of Non-Warranty

Non-WarrantyNon-Warranty

Non-Warranty..........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................77

7777

77

6.5.3

6.5.36.5.3

6.5.3 Service

ServiceService

Service in

inin

in Non-Warranty

Non-WarrantyNon-Warranty

Non-Warranty.........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................78

7878

78

6.5.4

6.5.46.5.4

6.5.4 Disclaimer

DisclaimerDisclaimer

Disclaimer................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................78

7878

78



1.1.1.1. GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral

This users manual provides information that includes installation, configuration, operation

and maintenance of the repeater. Specifications are also provided in details in order to

help users better understand the repeater performance.

Please read this users manual carefully and follow all instructions outlined to ensure long

life span and trouble free operation of the unit.

1.11.11.11.1 WarrantyWarrantyWarrantyWarranty

All outdoor antennas must be installed with lightning protection. Damage to power

modules, as a result of lightning will not be covered by this warranty.

Switching on the AC or DC power prior to connection of antenna cables is considered as

an incorrect installation process and therefore faults arising thereafter are also not

covered under the warranty.

This entire manual should be read and understood before operating or maintaining the

repeater system. We assume no liability for customer's failure to comply with the

precautions mentioned. This warranty will not cover such failures to comply.

1.21.21.21.2 SafetySafetySafetySafety InformationInformationInformationInformation

Personnel

PersonnelPersonnel

Personnel Safety

SafetySafety

Safety

Before installing or replacing any of the repeater equipment, the entire manual should be

read and understood. Operators need to supply appropriate AC or DC power to the

repeater. Incorrect power settings can damage the repeater and may cause electrical

related injury to the user.

It is recommended that gloves be worn at ALL time when handling the product.

DO NOT operate equipment in an explosive environment.

DO NOT work on live circuits: Cell site technical and operating person are not authorized

to remove equipment covers. Only personnel authorized by Remotek may remove

equipment covers to replace components or perform internal repairs.

EquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipment SafetySafetySafetySafety

It is necessary to read and understand the manual before installing, replacing or using this

product, and one must follow all safety precautions during operation. Failure to comply

with the following general safety precautions and with specific precautions described



elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and

intended use of this product. The aluminum alloy enclosure is an excellent heat conductor,

so during normal operation the unit may feel slightly warm. If it becomes too hot, please

call maintenance immediately.

ElectrostaticElectrostaticElectrostaticElectrostatic SensitivitySensitivitySensitivitySensitivity

ESD: Electrostatic Sensitive Devices

Semiconductor used in this product may be damaged by electrostatic discharge. When

unpacking or handling the repeater. Follow precautionary procedures including use of

grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.

GroundingGroundingGroundingGrounding ElectricalElectricalElectricalElectrical InstrumentsInstrumentsInstrumentsInstruments andandandand ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponents

To avoid power supply spark, please perform the grounding connection of the

equipment racks, equipment chassis, and appropriate tools. And make sure insert the

equipments power cable into appropriate mains sockets (three pin or two pin).

In case of three-pin socket, the 3

rd

pin is used for grounding connection, directly

connect the supplied power cable to the mains socket. In case of a two-pin socket, the

green grounding wire provided with the package needs to be connected to the electrical

grounding facility at the power outlet.

In order to avoid equipment damage or human injury by lightning, static electricity and

other phenomenon of leakage electricity, Remotek suggest all products must do the

electric-discharge of the electrical grounding in setup process. Power supply

components must meet international electro-technical commissioning safety standards.

1.31.31.31.3 OtherOtherOtherOther PrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautions

Only authorized personnel should be allowed to install and operate the repeater.

Make sure that the power is switched off when installing or disassembling therepeater to avoid short circuit or electrical shock that may result into personal injury

or damage to the equipment.

The repeater supports mains power for AC110/220V20%, 50/60Hz. Please followthis power range to avoid any damage to the equipment.

Some electronic parts contain carcinogenic constituents, so please handle with careand discard them in a safe place if damaged.

A 3-pin mains socket is recommended by Remotek to provide grounding connectionfor the repeater.

RF arrestor is recommended to connect to the repeaters BTS port.

Please make sure that the warning indicators on the enclosure are clearly visible for



quick detection of alarm conditions.



2.2.2.2. IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction totototo RepeatersRepeatersRepeatersRepeaters

2.12.12.12.1 SystemSystemSystemSystem IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

A repeater is a device that receives the RF signal, amplifies and then retransmits it to the

weak or blind area. Repeaters overcome the attenuation caused by propagation loss and

obstacles.

Repeater solutions are used in many different applications, such as basements,

apartments, KTVs, nightclubs, and parking lots etc, where mobile phone signals cannot

penetrate.

Extending radio coverage into these dead zones, using the repeater, allows mobile

phones to establish a connection.

2.22.22.22.2 GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation LayoutLayoutLayoutLayout

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 1

1

1

1 Installation

Installation

Installation

Installation Layout

Layout

Layout

Layout

Above provides a typical installation layout of an indoor repeater. The repeater is

connected via coaxial cables to donor and service antennas. The donor antenna is placed

outside of the building where it has easy access to BTS. The service antenna is placed

inside the building where it can extend radio coverage to the dead zones. Mobile signals

may then pass via the service antenna, repeater and donor antenna to the BTS



2.32.32.32.3 BasicBasicBasicBasic RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater SystemSystemSystemSystem ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponents

Splitters

SplittersSplitters

Splitters

Splitters are isolated dividers that split or combine RF power. According to the coverage

requirement, splitter can distribute RF power into several paths to achieve coverage of

each area. In the meantime, mobile signals from different coverage areas are combined

together and transmitted into the repeater.

AntennasAntennasAntennasAntennas

Donor Antenna

Directional donor antennas, one for each repeater, are recommended to improve signal

strength and reduce potential for interference. Normally, Yagi antennas are chosen as

donor antennas for indoor coverage application.

Service Antenna

The service antenna may be directional or omni-directional depending on coverage

requirements.

CoaxialCoaxialCoaxialCoaxial CablesCablesCablesCables

8D, 10D, 1/2 and 7/8 coaxial cables are recommended to use with the repeater. These

coaxial cables have low attenuation properties and are ideal for longer cable run

installations.

JumperJumperJumperJumper CablesCablesCablesCables

Jumper cables have the flexible characteristic and they provide an easy way to connect

antennas, splitters and repeaters to coaxial cables.



2.42.42.42.4 AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater

Optimization

OptimizationOptimization

Optimization

During BTS coverage optimization, full coverage cannot always be achieved because of

shadowing and blind spots. If optimization is carried out by simply adjusting antenna

direction or height, the process can be tedious and a long process of trial and error until

the coverage is achieved. The process can be time consuming and most times indoor

coverage are not achieved. With repeaters, separate optimization is carried out while the

whole interrelated parameters between systems remain unaffected.

SameSameSameSame ServiceServiceServiceService QualityQualityQualityQuality withwithwithwith LowLowLowLow investmentinvestmentinvestmentinvestment

When coverage needs to be extended or optimized, installing a new BTS or micro cell

may not be always the best solution and economical. In most cases a repeater will be the

best solution that will provide the same service quality at relatively lower cost.

FastFastFastFast &&&& easyeasyeasyeasy InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation

Compared to a Base Station, wireless repeaters is space saving and does not need

additional wiring. Its installation simplicity and operational user friendliness appeal greatly

to many operators for the purpose of rural coverage or use of temporary coverage during

network optimization.

IntelligentIntelligentIntelligentIntelligent ModeModeModeMode

Compare to the worldwide repeater brand, Remotek developed a new smart function

called Intelligent Mode. The intelligent mode can prevent UL interference and

self-oscillation caused by insufficient isolation between donor and service antennas. Due

to the new generation Remotek repeaters setup parameters and keep optimal condition

automatically, the only thing for users is just activating this mode by touch panel. This

mode will be popularly used in Remotek new generation repeaters and create the best

performance for users.

Notify that the users cant adjust by manual setting when intelligent mode initiated.

SilenSilenSilenSilentttt ModeModeModeMode

As we know, its very important to consider the uplink noise floor when installing a new

repeater. As an active device, repeater will generate noise that can impact to the



sensitivity of the BTS. Besides of the intelligent feature that can prevent from the UL noise

floor interference, Remotek also developed another new technology known as the Silent

Mode.

The silent mode can non-activate the UL PA (Power Amplifier) when there is no subscriber

were making a call under repeater coverage. With non-activated of the UL PA, it will

reduce the UL noise floor as low as possible. When there are subscribers making calls, the

silent mode will activate the UL PA back to normal.



2.52.52.52.5 ProfileProfileProfileProfile

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 2

2

2

2 Front

Front

Front

Front/Rear

/Rear

/Rear

/Rear View

View

View

View (Upper:

(Upper:

(Upper:

(Upper: Front,

Front,

Front,

Front, Below:

Below:

Below:

Below: Rear)

Rear)

Rear)

Rear)

2.62.62.62.6 BlockBlockBlockBlock DiagramDiagramDiagramDiagram

The Repeater has two similar circuits, which are designed for uplink and downlink

respectively. Each circuit consists of three main modules, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA),

Frequency Converter (FC) and Power Amplifier (PA).

At moment we will just consider one part say Downlink, which is from BTS to MS. Please

note that Uplink works in the same way but just signal direction is from MS to Node B.

Below diagram is self-explanatory showing signal path after entering into the repeater.



a.

a.

a.

a. ER

ER

ER

ER0

0

0

0 1+1

1+1

1+1

1+1

b.

b.

b.

b. ET0

ET0

ET0

ET0 1+1

1+1

1+1

1+1

c

c

c

c.E

.E

.E

.ER

R

R

R0

0

0

0 2+1

2+1

2+1

2+1

d

d

d

d.

.

.

. ET0

ET0

ET0

ET0 2+1

2+1

2+1

2+1

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 3

3

3

3 Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Repeater block

block

block

block diagram

diagram

diagram

diagram



When signal enters the repeater through Duplexer (a passive device that works as a filter)

then either uplink or downlink signal is allowed to pass. The filtered signal enters into LNA

in which weak signals are amplified with low noise figure. Then the signal passes FC

where signal frequency is made to IF to have a good filtration after passing through SAW

filter in the FC. At last the signal is amplified in power amplifier and is sent to service

antenna.

IF there are two FC modules in both uplink and downlink, the repeater allows operators

the options of having two (2) sub-bands which are discontinuous, without the frustration of

improving a competitors coverage which lay in between the sub-bands.

2.72.72.72.7 OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline ofofofof AvailableAvailableAvailableAvailable FunctionsFunctionsFunctionsFunctions

FrontFrontFrontFront PanelPanelPanelPanel LEDLEDLEDLED

The repeater is equipped with friendly monitoring front panel which displays various

repeater parameters & alarm status with the help of easy button. User can set optimum

parameters which make repeater to perform its best.

Detailed alarm and condition of the repeater can be viewed on the front panel, please

refer to the Maintenance chapter for in-depth of details each individual alarm condition

and what they mean.

31dB31dB31dB31dB ManualManualManualManual GainGainGainGain ControlControlControlControl

During installation, please attenuate the repeaters DL & UL gain setting from the buttons

of front panel, taking the path loss value and isolation issue into account to avoid

interference with the BTS and to optimize coverage region.

22220dB0dB0dB0dBAGCAGCAGCAGC

The 20dB AGC is used to maintain steady output power even when the source signal

fluctuates. It also can be used as an index to evaluate the amplifier. This function

effectively prevents the equipment from entering into saturated state and thereby avoids

signal distortion and call drops in the coverage area.



3.3.3.3. InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation

3.13.13.13.1 PreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation

a. Ensure the power to be accessed in within the repeaters working range: 110V/220V

20%. A separate circuit breaker is recommended.

b. Ensure the donor antenna is installed outside, and signal from the donor BTS is

present.

c. Ensure theres sufficient isolation between the donor and service antenna.

d. The repeater is designed for indoor application, ensures the location where the

repeater to be installed is waterproof and has good ventilation.

e. Ensure there are adequate resources to handle the weight of the repeater.

f. Its recommended some jumper cables to be prepared.

Recommended

RecommendedRecommended

Recommended tools

toolstools

tools required

requiredrequired

required

Table below list recommended tools that will be required for a successful installation:

Name Quantity Name Quantity

Signal Generator 1 Spectrum Analyzer 1

Laptop 1 Test Mobile 1

Multi-meter 1 Electrical Drill 1

Hammer 1 Spanner 2

Screwdriver 1 Waterproof glue 1

Walkie-talkie 2 Safety belt 1

RF arrestor (optional) 1 Other accessories



3.23.23.23.2 AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation

Selection of the right antenna is one of the most important aspects for a successful

installation of a repeater system. The antennas are usually selected and purchased by the

customer. Remotek will provide recommendations for the most suitable type of antenna

based on our experience for a successful and trouble free installation of the repeater if

required.

Installation location and performance/characteristic of the antenna can strongly influence

the Rxlev/Rxlev/Rxlev/Rxlev/RxpowerRxpowerRxpowerRxpower and RxQual/RxQual/RxQual/RxQual/Ec/NoEc/NoEc/NoEc/No of the intended coverage area.

Rxlev

RxlevRxlev

Rxlev and RxQual

RxQualRxQual

RxQual are two important parameters for the 2G system, which describe the

power level and quality of the DCS signal. While

WhileWhile

While the

thethe

the Rxpower

RxpowerRxpower

Rxpower and Ec/NoEc/NoEc/NoEc/No are two

important parameters for the 3G system, which describe the power level and quality of the

WCDMA signal. These parameters can be measured with testing devices, such as TEMS

,

or a Nokia

phone with Net Monitor function.

3.2.1

3.2.1

3.2.1

3.2.1 Donor

Donor

Donor

Donor Antenna

Antenna

Antenna

Antenna

3333.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.1.1 DonorDonorDonorDonor AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna SelectionSelectionSelectionSelection

The donor antenna is usually selected and purchased by the customer. Remotek will

provide recommendations for the most suitable type of antenna based on our experience

for a successful and trouble free installation of the repeater if required.

There are many types of antennas on the market but the following general characteristics

should be met in selecting any donor antenna:

1. Working frequency: The donor antenna needs to be compatible with the repeaters

operating frequency range.

2. Waterproof: The donor antenna needs to be waterproof to prevent rainwater from

affecting the antennas characteristics, ultimately affecting the performance of the

repeater.

3. Directivity characteristic: An antenna with good directivity is recommended. It is

essential for the repeater to introduce a clean donor signal to amplify.

3.2.1.3.2.1.3.2.1.3.2.1.2222 DonorDonorDonorDonor AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation

In most cases the donor antenna is installed against a wall, outside of the building,

directed in the direction of the donor BTS for best reception of the receiving signal. When

installing the donor antenna, the following conditions need to be considered:



1. The antenna is recommended to be installed where donor BTS/Node B is in line of

sight.

For the 2G system. The signal level, Rxlev, at the BTS port of the repeater is

recommended to be in the range of -60dBm to -40dBm with an RxQual index ranging

from 0 to 2. The Rxlev of primary BCCH is at least 6dB higher than the BCCH of

neighboring BTS sites.

For the 3G system. The CPICH power, Rxpower, at the BTS port of the repeater is

recommended to be in the range of -70dBm to -50dBm with an Ec/No greater than

-7dB. The Ec/No of the primary CPICH is at least 6dB higher than the Ec/No of other

CPICH.

2. The donor antenna should be installed at least 3 meters above the ground to avoid

shadowing when objects pass in the front of the donor antenna. Its recommended to

install the donor antenna lower than 7th floor of any building. The antenna located in a

high floor will be difficult to obtain a dominant BTS/Node B signal nearby.

3. A lightning rod is necessary when the donor antenna is located at a relative high

position. On the other hand, an arrestor could be connected between repeater and

donor antenna for better protection.

The lightning rod and arrestor can be neglected only if the donor antenna is located at

a relative low position, comparing with the height of nearby lightning rods of buildings.

If the input signal (RxLev/Rxpower) of donor antenna is sufficient, it's recommended

to mount the donor antenna as lower as possible.

4. Waterproofing of the antenna installation can be achieved by following process:

1) Take care to form a half loop at the cable point of entry into the house so that rain

water will drop off than flowing inside down the cable length. Also form a half loop

for the coaxial cable before connecting to the repeater. The half loop formed with

the cable should be in the shape of , so if there is water on the cable, the

water would drop off. Please reference the following figure.

2) Secure the cable entry point, donor antennas connector and repeaters connector

by sealing it with a waterproof sealant is recommended.



Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 4

4

4

4Donor

Donor

Donor

Donor antenna

antenna

antenna

antenna installations

installations

installations

installations

3.2.2

3.2.2

3.2.2

3.2.2 Service

Service

Service

Service Antenna

Antenna

Antenna

Antenna

3.2.2.13.2.2.13.2.2.13.2.2.1 ServiceServiceServiceService AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna SelectionSelectionSelectionSelection

The service antenna is usually selected and purchased by the customer. The service

antenna must support the frequency range of the repeater. Generally a broadband

antennas, which can support the frequency range of 824~2200MHz, are selected to be

compatible to all systems. The antenna type should meet the coverage requirement.

3.2.2.3.2.2.3.2.2.3.2.2.2222 ServiceServiceServiceService AntennaAntennaAntennaAntenna InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation

It is necessary to find a good location for the service antenna in order to achieve best

coverage. The following should be considered when installing the service antenna:

1. Avoid installing near metal or obstacles that may influence its coverage performance.

2. Install the antenna at least 2m above the floor for the best coverage and for the

convenience of passers-by.

3. The service antenna should not be installed to close to the donor antenna to avoid

issues with isolation.

4. Waterproofing of service antennas connector with sealant is highly recommended.

Also form a half loop for the coaxial cable before connecting to the repeater. The half

loop formed with the cable should be in the shape of , so if there is water on the

cable, the water would drop off.

Form a half loop



4.2.3

4.2.3

4.2.3

4.2.3 Lightning

Lightning

Lightning

Lightning Protection

Protection

Protection

Protection at

at

at

at Antenna

Antenna

Antenna

Antenna Installation

Installation

Installation

Installation

The donor antenna must be grounded as is required by standard EN 50083-1. The only

external antennas exempted from this are those:

fitted more than 2 meters below the crest of the roof

whilst also less than 1.5 meters from the building.

However, for safety reasons Remotek recommends to mount a potential equalization

device.

Danger can arise not just from thunderstorms (lightning strikes) but also through static

charge accumulation or discharge in the devices attached: Consequently, the pole and the

external conductor of the antenna cable must be connected to the buildings lightning

conductor system taking the shortest path vertically via a suitable grounding conductor (or

to the buildings grounding system if no lightning conductor system is available).

SuitableSuitableSuitableSuitable asasasas groundinggroundinggroundinggrounding conductor:conductor:conductor:conductor:

A single solid wire with a min. cross-section of at least 16 mm2 for copper, 25 mm2 for

aluminum or 50 mm2 for steel or metallic domestic installations (continuous metallic water

or heating system pipes, for example) provided that they at least meet the requirements

for grounding conductors in terms of cross-section and permanence of the electrical

connection.

NotNotNotNot suitablesuitablesuitablesuitable asasasas groundinggroundinggroundinggrounding conductor:conductor:conductor:conductor:

The external conductors of the antenna cable or the grounding conductor or neutral

conductor of the power system.

RoutingRoutingRoutingRouting ofofofof groundinggroundinggroundinggrounding conductor:conductor:conductor:conductor:

Antenna cables and grounding conductors must not be routed through rooms used for

storing easily inflammable substances (hay or straw, for example) or in which an explosive

atmosphere can develop (gases, vapors).

If the donor antenna is used in the integrated repeater systems (e. g. distribution systems),

the grounding measures must also be designed in such a way that grounding protection is

still maintained if individual units are removed or replaced.

3.33.33.33.3 IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation

Isolation is another important concept when it comes to implementing a repeater system.

There must be sufficient isolation for the repeater system, which means the donor and

service antenna cannot be installed near one another. The propagation loss between the

antennas needs to be at least 15dB above the gain value of the repeater. Non-compliance

to this criterion can result in poor signal to the coverage area and may damage the



amplifier of the repeater.

3.3.1

3.3.1

3.3.1

3.3.1 Self-oscillation

Self-oscillation

Self-oscillation

Self-oscillation Concept

Concept

Concept

Concept

Isolation is the propagation loss value from the repeaters output port to its input port. For a

wireless repeater, insufficient isolation between donor and service antennas would result in

self-oscillation.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 5

5

5

5 Self-oscillation

Self-oscillation

Self-oscillation

Self-oscillation concept

concept

concept

concept

As shown in the above diagram, the donor antenna receives a RF signal f1f1f1f1 from the Donor

BTS/Node B, after amplification by the repeater with gain G, the signal radiates out via the

service antenna. Part of f1f1f1f1 (f1(f1(f1(f1)))) radiates back towards the donor antenna (due to side lobe

characteristics of antennas) and is picked up by the donor antenna again and going through

the amplification process again. Severe self-oscillation issues result in poor signal quality and

at times can damage the repeaters amplifiers. To prevent self-oscillation from occurring, the

isolation value must be at least 15dB above the repeater gain.

IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation GainGainGainGain ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ++++ 15dB15dB15dB15dB

When self-oscillation occurs, the alarm LED, DL AGC ENGAGE is triggered. Note that the

downlink output power indicator bars are all on. (Refer to Figure

FigureFigure

Figure 21

2121

21 for details).

3.3.2

3.3.2

3.3.2

3.3.2 Obtaining

Obtaining

Obtaining

Obtaining the

the

the

the Isolation

Isolation

Isolation

Isolation Value

Value

Value

Value

Theoretical

TheoreticalTheoretical

Theoretical calculation

calculationcalculation

calculation (for

(for(for

(for reference

referencereference

reference only)

only)only)

only)

The physical isolation between the donor and service antennas can be theoretically

estimates using the following formulas.

VerticalVerticalVerticalVertical Isolation:Isolation:Isolation:Isolation: I(dB)I(dB)I(dB)I(dB) ==== 28282828 ++++ 40404040 log(D/log(D/log(D/log(D/))))



HorizontalHorizontalHorizontalHorizontal Isolation:Isolation:Isolation:Isolation: I(dB)I(dB)I(dB)I(dB) ==== 22222222 ++++ 20202020 log(D/log(D/log(D/log(D/)))) (G (G (G (G dddd ++++ GGGGssss))))

I = Isolation

D = Distance between donor and service antennas (m)

= Wavelength (m)

Gd = Gain of donor antenna facing service antenna

G s = Gain of service antenna facing donor antenna

If there is an obstacle (wall etc.) between donor and service antenna, the attenuation

value of the obstacle can be added into the equation.

PhysicalPhysicalPhysicalPhysical TestTestTestTest

To obtain an accurate and more precise estimation of the isolation value, a physical test

measurement may be carried out to obtain the isolation value for the actually environment

where the repeater is installed.

Connect signal generator to the donor antenna cable as figure 6 and transmit a

known frequency and power level from the signal generator. Frequency needs to be

within the idle frequency between uplink and downlink.

For example, in GSM900 system, uplink is 890~915MHz and downlink is

935~960MHz. We can take the frequency 920MHz, which is within 915MHz and

935MHz to make test. For WCDMA system, system uplink is 1920~1980MHz and

downlink is 2110~2170MHz. We can take the frequency 925MHz, which is within

915MHz and 935MHz to make test.

Connect the service antenna to a spectrum analyzer and scan for the know frequency.

Take a reading of the power level.

Subtract the power level received at the spectrum analyzer from the power level of

the signal generator to obtain the isolation value.

IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation (dB)(dB)(dB)(dB) ==== OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower fromfromfromfrom SignalSignalSignalSignal GeneratorGeneratorGeneratorGenerator ReceivedReceivedReceivedReceived PowerPowerPowerPower atatatat

thethethethe SpectrumSpectrumSpectrumSpectrum AnalyzerAnalyzerAnalyzerAnalyzer



Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 6

6

6

6 Physical

Physical

Physical

Physical test

test

test

test

A relatively strong transmitting power from the signal generator is recommended (excess

of 25dBm) for easy recognition and detection by the spectrum analyzer.

Repeater may be damaged if it operates under self-oscillation condition over a period of

time.

3.43.43.43.4 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater InstallationInstallationInstallationInstallation

3.4.1

3.4.1

3.4.1

3.4.1 Installing

Installing

Installing

Installing the

the

the

the Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Drill four holes in the wall and drive 6 screws in the holes, as illustrated in the figure

below. Distances between holes are indicated in the diagram.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 7

7

7

7 Screws

Screws

Screws

Screws Position

Position

Position

Position for

for

for

for Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Repeater Mounting

Mounting

Mounting

Mounting



Position the repeater in the targeted area as in the diagram below. The repeater

should be mounted vertically for good heat dissipation.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 8

8

8

8 Mount

Mount

Mount

Mount Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

3.4.2

3.4.2

3.4.2

3.4.2 Connecting

Connecting

Connecting

Connecting Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder and

and

and

and Power

Power

Power

Power Cables

Cables

Cables

Cables

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 9

9

9

9 Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder and

and

and

and power

power

power

power cables

cables

cables

cables

Connect the donor antenna cable to the BTSBTSBTSBTS port and service antenna to the MSMSMSMS port

of the repeater. Form a half loop for the cables with the shape of for both

cables, before connecting to the repeater.

Connect the end of the power cable to the repeater first before plugging in the power

cable to the mains socket. Use the power cable supplied with the package.

Note the following information when connecting the repeater to the coaxial cable.

To Service Antenna

To Donor Antenna



The connector type of repeaters MS and BTS port is N-type female. Make sure the

cables connectors are compatible.

A lightening arrestor needs to be connected to the repeaters BTS port when the

donor antenna is installed in a high position. Grounding is essential for the arrestor

to work.

3.4.3

3.4.3

3.4.3

3.4.3 Inserting

Inserting

Inserting

Inserting the

the

the

the SIM

SIM

SIM

SIM Card

Card

Card

Card (ER0

(ER0

(ER0

(ER0 version)

version)

version)

version)

To connect to the repeater from a remote location for the purpose of monitoring and

configuring, the repeater needs to be inserted with a valid SIM card with data enabled

functions. Refer to the OMS/OMT users manual on how to connect to the repeater from a

remote location.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 10

10

10

10 Place

Place

Place

Place for

for

for

for insert

insert

insert

insert the

the

the

the SIM

SIM

SIM

SIM Card

Card

Card

Card

To insert the SIM card, on the front of the repeater, unplug the cover then use a

pointed object (the tip of a pen), eject the SIM card holder by pushing in on the eject

button.

Place the SIM card in the holder and re-insert it back in the socket.

3.4.4

3.4.4

3.4.4

3.4.4 Modem

Modem

Modem

ModemWorking

Working

Working

Working Requirements

Requirements

Requirements

Requirements

In order to assure the modem would be working properly, make sure the input donor

signal for the repeater meets the following requirement.



If the input power for the repeater does not meet the requirements that are listed in the

table above, the modem may NOTNOTNOTNOT WORKWORKWORKWORK properly for the LowLowLowLow &&&& MediumMediumMediumMedium OutputOutputOutputOutput

PowerPowerPowerPower Repeaters.Repeaters.Repeaters.Repeaters.

As for the HighHighHighHigh OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower Repeaters,Repeaters,Repeaters,Repeaters, if the donor signal strength does not meet

the requirement listed in the table above, the following method can be used. Connect a

small antenna to connect to the SMA port that is on the bottom of the repeater, so the

modem can get the signal directly from this antenna and work properly. But this method

would NOTNOTNOTNOT WORKWORKWORKWORK if the signal strength around the repeater is notnotnotnot good enough.

SYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEM

GSM/DCSGSM/DCSGSM/DCSGSM/DCS CDMACDMACDMACDMA AWS/WCDMAAWS/WCDMAAWS/WCDMAAWS/WCDMA

InputInputInputInput DonorDonorDonorDonor

SignalSignalSignalSignal

StrengthStrengthStrengthStrength forforforfor

thethethethe RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater

LowLowLowLow&&&&MediumMediumMediumMedium

OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower

(OP)(OP)(OP)(OP) RepeatersRepeatersRepeatersRepeaters

(OP(OP(OP(OP > 30dBm)30dBm)30dBm)30dBm)

Rx Level

-65dBm

RSCP

-70dBm

RSCP

-75dBm



4.4.4.4. CommissioningCommissioningCommissioningCommissioning

The following chapter outlines the process to optimize the performance of the repeater.

The gain setting, isolation, downlink output power and repeater uplink noise contribution

will be considered.

4.14.14.14.1 CommissioningCommissioningCommissioningCommissioning PrinciplePrinciplePrinciplePrinciple

4.1.1

4.1.1

4.1.1

4.1.1 Downli

Downli

Downli

Downlink

nk

nk

nk Output

Output

Output

Output Power

Power

Power

Power

The total downlink output power of the repeater is depend on the input power and the

repeater gain. To ensure the maximum power of the repeater is achieved at the MS port of

the repeater, the following condition should be met. (For the WCDMA system there is a

additional 10dB needs to be subtracted, it is reserved for future traffic increase purpose).

4.1.1.14.1.1.14.1.1.14.1.1.1 GainGainGainGain andandandand OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower

The gain is the amplifying ability of the repeater. The repeater has a constant gain for both

uplink and downlink. The gain can be adjusted by setting an attenuation value.

The maximum output power of the repeater is determined by the linearity of the amplifier

block of the repeater. For any given input signal power, its corresponding output is

increased by the gain of the repeater, the output power will increase along a linear curve

based on the fix gain value.

If the input signal amplified by the gain set exceeds the rated set output limit, the AGC

(Automatic gain control) will be triggered. The AGC ensures that the maximum output

power of repeater is maintained and does not overdrive the repeaters amplification circuit.

DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain ==== MinMinMinMin {({({({(DLDLDLDL RequiredRequiredRequiredRequired OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower ---- InputInputInputInput Power),Power),Power),Power), MaximumMaximumMaximumMaximum DLDLDLDL Gain}Gain}Gain}Gain}



Figure

FigureFigure

Figure 11

1111

11 Gain

GainGain

Gain V.S.

V.S.V.S.

V.S. Output

OutputOutput

Output power

powerpower

power (Ex:

(Ex:(Ex:

(Ex: R17ER0)

R17ER0)R17ER0)

R17ER0)

4.1.1.24.1.1.24.1.1.24.1.1.2 LinkLinkLinkLink BudgetBudgetBudgetBudget

Below provides a typical example process for calculating the link budget of the repeater

system. Note in the example the gain of the repeater is set to 70dB.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 12

12

12

12 Link

Link

Link

Link budget

budget

budget

budget

(Ex:

(Ex:(Ex:

(Ex: R17)

R17)R17)

R17)

When the maximum output power cannot be achieved due to low donor signal input

availability, even at maximum gain, the following two approaches will help increase the

output power.



Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 13

13

13

13 Output

Output

Output

Output power

power

power

power improvements

improvements

improvements

improvements

(Ex:

(Ex:(Ex:

(Ex: R17ER0)

R17ER0)R17ER0)

R17ER0)

4.1.2

4.1.2

4.1.2

4.1.2 UL

UL

UL

UL Noise

Noise

Noise

Noise Floor

Floor

Floor

Floor

For a GSM and DCS system, the thermal noise has a power level of -121dBm. As for a

WCDMA system, the thermal noise has a power level of -108dBm.

With all amplifier systems including the repeater system, the noise level increases after the

amplification process.

For a GSM/DCS repeater system the uplink noise introduced to the BTS can be estimated

using the following equations: (as for the WCDMA system, just change the thermal noise

power level from -121dBm to -108dBm in the following equations, and all the procedures are

the same, and the UL Noise Floor of the WCDMA system can be calculated):

ULULULUL NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FloorFloorFloorFloor ==== -1-1-1-121212121dBmdBmdBmdBm ++++ ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ++++ NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure ofofofof RRRRepeaterepeaterepeaterepeater1111

This amplified noise floor can be introduced to BTS. To minimize the effect of the noise to the

BTS, the noise level reaching the BTS should ideally be below -121dBm.

ULULULUL NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FloorFloorFloorFloor PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss -121dBm-121dBm-121dBm-121dBm.2.2.2.2

If the noise floor reaching BTS is higher than -121dBm after the propagation loss, interference

to the BTS is possible.

By combining equations (1) and (2) together, a suitable uplink gain value for the repeater can

be calculated to ensure the noise level reaching the BTS is below -121dBm.



ULULULUL GainGainGainGain PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure ofofofof RRRRepeaterepeaterepeaterepeater

Example

ExampleExample

Example

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 14

14

14

14 Noise

Noise

Noise

Noise figure

figure

figure

figure concentration

concentration

concentration

concentration

PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss ==== BTSBTSBTSBTS OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater InputInputInputInput PowerPowerPowerPower ==== 44443dB3dB3dB3dBmmmm (-(-(-(- 61616161dBdBdBdBmmmm)))) ==== 104104104104dBdBdBdB

So,So,So,So, ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ==== 65656565dBdBdBdB PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure ofofofof RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ==== 104dB104dB104dB104dB 7777dBdBdBdB ==== 99997777dBdBdBdB

Due to the low uplink gain (70dB), the uplink interference coming from amplified noise floor

shall be considered safe for usual installation.

The extreme case is when donor antenna is mounted at where signal level is too strong (it

means repeater site is very close to BTS site). With small path loss, BTS will

receive high noise floor and thus impact the sensitivity of BTS receiver. In other words, uplink

signals (from subscribers) at cell edge will fail to reach BTS. The recommended RxLev

measured by the engineering mobile is ranged from -55dBm to -70dBm.

4.1.3

4.1.3

4.1.3

4.1.3 Isolation

Isolation

Isolation

Isolation

Isolation is an important condition that MUST be met for trouble free operation of the

repeater. To ensure that the condition is met, the following equation MUST be met.

RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater GainGainGainGain IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation 15dB15dB15dB15dB

Refer to part 3.3 for further details about isolation and how to measure the value.



4.24.24.24.2 RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater ConfigurationConfigurationConfigurationConfiguration

Based on equations established in the previous sections, the gain of both uplink and

downlink can be calculated.

4.2.1

4.2.1

4.2.1

4.2.1 Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain Calculation

Calculation

Calculation

Calculation

Before switching on the repeater, calculate the uplink and downlink gain value required.

Gain calculation is based on the equations established in previous sections to provide the

following parameters: repeaters required output power, repeaters uplink noise floor and

repeaters isolation.

1.1.1.1. DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain ==== MinMinMinMin {(DL{(DL{(DL{(DL TotalTotalTotalTotal OutputOutputOutputOutput PowerPowerPowerPower ---- InputInputInputInput Power),Power),Power),Power), MaximumMaximumMaximumMaximum DLDLDLDL Gain}Gain}Gain}Gain}

2.2.2.2. ULULULUL GainGainGainGain PropagationPropagationPropagationPropagation LossLossLossLoss NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise FigureFigureFigureFigure

3.3.3.3. RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater GainGainGainGain IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation 15dB15dB15dB15dB

4.2.1.14.2.1.14.2.1.14.2.1.1 DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain ValueValueValueValue

For the GSM/DCS system, the downlink gain value calculation is based on the downlink

input power and output power.

The following information should be obtained before hand:

Donor CPICH at Donor Antenna (without donor antenna gain) Rxlev

Gain of Donor Antenna GAnt

Loss of Coaxial Cable L (Obtained from Cable Spec.)

With the information above, DL gain setting can be calculated as following

Input Power = Rxlev + GAnt L

So, DL Gain = Min {(DL Total Output Power - Input Power), Maximum DL Gain}

As for the WCDMA system, the downlink gain value calculation is based on the downlink

input power and output power.

The following information should be obtained before hand:

Donor CPICH Strength at Donor Antenna (without donor antenna gain) Rxpower

Gain of Donor Antenna GAnt

Loss of Coaxial Cable L (Obtained from Cable Spec.)

With the information above, DL gain setting can be calculated in the following manner



Input Power = Rxpower + GAnt - L

For the WCDMA system

DL Gain = Min {(DL Total Output Power - Input Power - 10dB), Maximum DL Gain}

In WCDMA system, to preserve some space for traffic channel, repeaters output power

needs to be set 10dB lower than its total output power during commissioning.

Example

ExampleExample

Example

If : Suppose the DL Total output power = 20dBm; DL Gain = 70dB;

: Rxlev = - 65dBm; G

Ant

= 7dBi; L = 3dB;

Input Power = -65dBm + 7dBi 3dB = -61dBm

DL Total Output Power - Input Power = 20dBm - (-61dBm) = 81dB

Hence, DL Gain = Min {(DL Total Output Power - Input Power), Maximum DL Gain}

= Min (81dB, 70dB) = 70dB

4.2.1.24.2.1.24.2.1.24.2.1.2 ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ValueValueValueValue

Taking into account uplink noise floor and power balance issue between uplink and

downlink, it is recommended the uplink gain be set 5dB lower than the downlink gain (For

REMOTEK repeaters only).

ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ==== DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain 5555dBdBdBdB

When Repeater is close to the BTS, hence there is a high input power at the donor

antenna. It is recommended to decrease the UL gain or add an RF attenuator at

repeaters BTS port to avoid interference to the BTS

4.2.1.34.2.1.34.2.1.34.2.1.3 IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation

Refer to section 3.3 to obtain the isolation value and ensure the isolation condition meet:

IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation GainGainGainGain ++++ 15dB15dB15dB15dB

SufficientSufficientSufficientSufficient IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation

DL gain is set to be the calculated value in section 4.2.1.1 and the UL Gain = DL gain

5dB

InsufficientInsufficientInsufficientInsufficient IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation

Adjust or move the antennas to increase isolation value. If isolation cannot be

increased, then readjust the DL gain to meet the following conditions:



DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain IsolationIsolationIsolationIsolation 15dB15dB15dB15dB

ULULULUL GainGainGainGain ==== DLDLDLDL GainGainGainGain 5555dBdBdBdB

Example

ExampleExample

Example:

DL gain = 70dB (as previously calculated in 4.2.1.1) and Isolation is 78dB

In this condition, the DL Gain has to be decreased to meet the isolation requirement:

DL Gain = 78dB 15dB = 63dB

UL Gain = DL Gain 5dB = 58dB

4.2.2

4.2.2

4.2.2

4.2.2 Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up the

the

the

the Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

Below outlines the procedures and conditions when switching on the repeater

Make sure repeaters BTS and MS ports are connected with 50-ohm terminators(loads).

Only when isolation is 15dB higher than repeaters maximummaximummaximummaximum gain, can the repeater be

switched on. Otherwise, connect the repeaters ports with terminators and then adjust the

gain lower than isolation 15dB at first. Failure to comply may result in self-oscillation and

damage the repeater.

Make sure power supply cable is connected to the repeater properly, and the voltageis within repeaters voltage range: 110/220V 20%

Connect the repeater to a laptop via a RS232 cable if monitoring the repeatersparameters is required.

Start the repeater. Once the repeater is on, it requires several seconds for initialization.Diagram below shows possible LED indicators when switching on for the first time.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 15

15

15

15 Normal

Normal

Normal

Normal Status:

Status:

Status:

Status: AGC

AGC

AGC

AGC not

not

not

not active

active

active

active



MANUAL

MANUALMANUAL

MANUAL GAIN

GAINGAIN

GAIN CONTROL

CONTROLCONTROL

CONTROL

Figure 15shows the displays repeaters gain for uplink. To change to the repeaters

gain for downlink, press the select button, and the SELECT LED at the U/L which is in

the Status System Information will be change to D/L. For this repeater, the default

setting of gain is the maximum gain of repeater.

OUTPUT

OUTPUTOUTPUT

OUTPUT LEVEL

LEVELLEVEL

LEVEL

Indicates the repeaters output power. The minimum power value that the repeater will

display is 0dBm. Normally, the uplink power is fairly low and is not indicated by the

LED. When the mobile inside the coverage is near to the service antenna, the UL

POWER LED will be triggered.

SYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEM STATUSSTATUSSTATUSSTATUS INFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATION

ConditionConditionConditionCondition 1111:::: Under the well-planned installation, the LED indicators on the front

panel will be displayed like Figure 16 The six of D/L output power LED indicators

displayed in solid green light and AGC LED indicator is off. In order to perform the

maximum signal coverage with better AGC control range like illustrated in Figure 16,

please modulate gain of the repeater at manual mode, or turn the repeater to auto

gain mode.

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure 16

16

16

16 Normal

Normal

Normal

Normal Status:

Status:

Status:

Status: Output

Output

Output

Output Power

Power

Power

Power Is

Is

Is

Is Detected

Detected

Detected

Detected (R17S

(R17S

(R17S

(R17S sample)

sample)

sample)

sample)

ConditionConditionConditionCondition 2222:::: When the input power is we

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