7
NEW PUBLICATIONS RECENTLY RECEIVED (*Indicates boob of special value for readers of History.) BRITISH EMPIRE AND COMMONWEALTH *The Crises oj imp& Hishy, by E. E. RICH (London, Cambridge Univ. Reas, 1952,39 pp., 2s. a.), the author's inaugural lecture as Vere Harmsworth professor of imperial and naval history at Cambridge, is a deep and stimulating argument that the history of the British Empire is not susceptible of ia&r- pretation either M ' a saga of that tendency to expansion of which Seeley rrrate '. or as ' an example of the doom and disruption prophesied by the M8rkist- Leninist dialectic ', and that ' it will be all the better history ' for being ncog- nized aa the product of many interacting forces-race, culture, interest, individual personality-'constantly changing from co-operation to com- petition, pulling sometimes against imperial unity, sometimes towards it, sometimes against each other, sometimes together ' in a series of ' constant and searching crises ' with issues unpredictable on any preconceived inter- pretation. *The British Empire in the Eigbtccnth Centwty : its Strength ad Weakss, by L. H. GIPSON (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1952, 31 pp., 2s. W.), the author's inaugural lecture as Vere Hamuworth professor of American history at Oxford, is a useful summing up, on conservative lines, of the factors which resulted in the Becession of the American colonies on the one hand and the survival of the empire on the other. Parish and Empire : Stdies and Sketches, by JACK SIMMONS [London, Collins, 1952, 256 pp. (illus., maps), 18s.I although ranging widely over a great field of local, national and imperial history, and including some essays which arc merely personal impressions, has one recurrent theme, the subject of the opening papet on ' Local, National and Imperial Histmy ', which was the author's inaugural lecture from the chair of history at University Cdlege, Leicsster. It is that these three aspects of British history are fecets of the same thing, and that the strands which weave the patterns of each are interwoven with one another. Professor Simmons argues his thesis most convincingly, and himself exemplifies it in several of these light but readable essays which make up the book. Under the direction of the present Dominion archivist, Mr. W. Kaye Lamb, the Public Archives of Canada has embarked on a systematic plan of publiahing inventorien and handlists describing in sufficient detail the contents of the several divisions of the Archives ' to make it possible for research workers at a distance to ascertain with some precision what papers are preserved in the Public Archives, and to judge with some accuracy whether the department haa in ita custody significantmaterial relating to dy particula~ topic.' The dom- inion archivist's annual official report now appears separately-Public Archives: Report for tb Year 1960 [Ottawa, Cloutier, 1951, ii + 30 pp. (frontis.), 25 cts.], RepotY for ;L Year 1951 [do., 1952, ii + 43 pp. (frontis.), 25 cts.]-confined to noting the principal additions to the collections during the year, and to reporting the activities of the several divisions ; while calendars, catalogues, guides and inventories, ctc. will be published separately instead of as appendices to the Reports. Copies of the projected inventories and handlists will be sent to all institutions on the mailing list of the Archives, and to individuals on request. The manuscript division of the Archives proposes to publish some 30 Preliminaly Invertoriss in each of two series, Record Groups (blue covera) containing official public records which have never left the custody of some branch of the government, and Manuscrip# Groups (red covers) containing non-official material such as private papers and transcripta or photographic copies of documenb in other depositories. Inventories will be published in English or in French pccording to the language of the documents listed. Each

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NEW PUBLICATIONS RECENTLY RECEIVED (*Indicates boob of special value for readers of History.)

BRITISH EMPIRE AND COMMONWEALTH *The Crises oj imp& H i s h y , by E. E. RICH (London, Cambridge Univ.

Reas, 1952,39 pp., 2s. a.), the author's inaugural lecture as Vere Harmsworth professor of imperial and naval history at Cambridge, is a deep and stimulating argument that the history of the British Empire is not susceptible of ia&r- pretation either M ' a saga of that tendency to expansion of which Seeley rrrate '. or as ' an example of the doom and disruption prophesied by the M8rkist- Leninist dialectic ', and that ' it will be all the better history ' for being ncog- nized aa the product of many interacting forces-race, culture, interest, individual personality-'constantly changing from co-operation to com- petition, pulling sometimes against imperial unity, sometimes towards it, sometimes against each other, sometimes together ' in a series of ' constant and searching crises ' with issues unpredictable on any preconceived inter- pretation. *The British Empire in the Eigbtccnth Centwty : its Strength a d Weakss , by L. H. GIPSON (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1952, 31 pp., 2s. W.), the author's inaugural lecture as Vere Hamuworth professor of American history at Oxford, is a useful summing up, on conservative lines, of the factors which resulted in the Becession of the American colonies on the one hand and the survival of the empire on the other. Parish and Empire : Stdies and Sketches, by JACK SIMMONS [London, Collins, 1952, 256 pp. (illus., maps), 18s.I although ranging widely over a great field of local, national and imperial history, and including some essays which arc merely personal impressions, has one recurrent theme, the subject of the opening papet on ' Local, National and Imperial Histmy ', which was the author's inaugural lecture from the chair of history at University Cdlege, Leicsster. It is that these three aspects of British history are fecets of the same thing, and that the strands which weave the patterns of each are interwoven with one another. Professor Simmons argues his thesis most convincingly, and himself exemplifies i t in several of these light but readable essays which make up the book.

Under the direction of the present Dominion archivist, Mr. W. Kaye Lamb, the Public Archives of Canada has embarked on a systematic plan of publiahing inventorien and handlists describing in sufficient detail the contents of the several divisions of the Archives ' to make i t possible for research workers at a distance to ascertain with some precision what papers are preserved in the Public Archives, and to judge with some accuracy whether the department haa in ita custody significant material relating to d y particula~ topic.' The dom- inion archivist's annual official report now appears separately-Public Archives: Report for t b Year 1960 [Ottawa, Cloutier, 1951, ii + 30 pp. (frontis.), 25 cts.], RepotY for ;L Year 1951 [do., 1952, ii + 43 pp. (frontis.), 25 cts.]-confined to noting the principal additions to the collections during the year, and to reporting the activities of the several divisions ; while calendars, catalogues, guides and inventories, ctc. will be published separately instead of as appendices to the Reports. Copies of the projected inventories and handlists will be sent to all institutions on the mailing list of the Archives, and to individuals on request. The manuscript division of the Archives proposes to publish some 30 Preliminaly Invertoriss in each of two series, Record Groups (blue covera) containing official public records which have never left the custody of some branch of the government, and Manuscrip# Groups (red covers) containing non-official material such as private papers and transcripta or photographic copies of documenb in other depositories. Inventories will be published in English or in French pccording to the language of the documents listed. Each

186 HISTORY [JUNE

inventory has a succinct introduction summarizing the historical development of the ministry or department concerned, and explaining the general nature and scope of the documents listed and of the system of arrangement : the length of shelf-space occupied by each separately numbered series of documents is stated, and one or more appendices list the succession of departmental officials from the beginnings of the office to the date of publication. The manuscript division has so f a r published Preliminary InvMIfories for (1) Record Group 10: Indian Affairs (1951, 14 + xiv pp.), with an appendix listing the senior administrative officers of the department of Indian affairs from 1735 onwards, and a useful Who was Who and When ' list of persons and places important in Indian affairs : (2) Record Group 11: Departmest of Public Works, and Record Group 12: Department of Transport (1951, 30 pp.) with appendices listing the ministers and senior administrative officers in both departments, and also the shipping registers of each sea- and river-port : (3) Record Group 7 : Governor-General's O@ce (1953, 20 pp.) listing all the diverse records of the wide-ranging business of the governor-general's office, with an appendix showing the successions of the.governors, lieutenant- governors and administrators of the separate provinces, and the governors- general of Canada: (4) Manuscript Group 1: Archives Nationaks, Pans , Archives des Colonies (1952, 21 pp.), listing the voluminous series of transcripts made at different times in the last 110 years of documents in the French Archives des Colonies relating to the administration of Canada and of the Ile Royale under French rule before the British conquest of those colonies : (5) Manuscript Group 11: Public Record Ofice, London. Colonial Ofice Papers (1952, 61 pp.), listing the transcripts, photostats and microfilms collected since 1882 by the Canadian Archives of documents in the Public Record Office, London, dealing with Canadian matters, with an appendix listing the officers of the English board of trade and colonial office and their precursors from 1540 to 1922. The picture division of the Public Archives has issued a Descriptive Catalogue of a Colkction of Water-Colour Dram'ngs by Alfred Jacob Mi lkr (1810- 1874) in the Public Archives of Canada (1951, 39 pp.. illus.) listing 40 pictures which form 'apictorial chronicle of day-to-day life in a fur-trade caravan en route to one of the last great rendezvous of the West ', and reprinting Miller's own graphic notes on the drawings. The publications division has issued a remark- ably detailed and well-arranged Index to Parliamentary Deblrtrs on . . . the Confpderation of the British North American Provinces. 3rd Session. 8th Pvovincial Parlrament of Canada (1865) (1951, 69 pp.. illus.), compiled by M. A. LAPIN and revised by J. S. PATRICK, with an introduction by Professor F. R. Scott explaining the nature and importance of these momentous debates.

Wasa-Wasa. by HARRY MACFIE and HANS G. WESTERLAND [London, Allen and Unwin, 1951, 243 pp., (maps), Us.], translated from Swedish by F. H. LYON, is an unsophisticated narrative of trapping and prospecting experiences fifty years ago in the far-away (wusa-wasu) parts of north-westem Ontario and Alaska: its artlessness and simplicity make i t a particularly vivid and memorable description of a mode of life which has now almost completely vanished, and the book may well become a classic in this kind. A History of Victoria University, by C. B. SISSONS [Toronto Univ. Press (London, Cumberlege), 1952/3, xi + 346 pp. (illus.), 40s. ($5.00)] recounts in vigorous, lively and candid fashion the story of the institution which, founded at Cobourg, Ontario, in 1836 as an Episcopal Methodist seminary, in 1841, by an act of the provincial legislature, became Victoria College, empowered to grant its own degrees, was made Victoria University in 1884, and in 1887 pooled its resources with the younger University of Toronto ;

19531 NEW PUBLICATIONS RECENTLY RECEIVED 187.

and having moved to Toronto in 1892, finally joined with that university and with other colleges t o form the arts faculty of a unique federation of universities which is now one of the major universities of the world. 'Westmn', 1878-1963. by JAMES J. and RUTH DAVIS TALMAN [London (Ontario), Univ. of Westem Ontario, 1953, xv + 193 pp. (illus.), $3.001. published to celebrate the 75th birthday of the University of Western Ontario, is an account, by two devoted members, of the origins and development of the University from the founding, at London (Western Ontario) in 1863 of Huron College, a Church of England theological school, which was converted by royal charter into a university in 1878, and is thus contemporary with the older civic universities of England and Wales, and is now a highly diversided and rapidly expanding institution playing an essential part in Canadian education and public life.

An Unbublished Lelter of William Beckford of Hertford. edited by THOMAS B. BRUY'BAUGH (Jamaici Monogy@h No. 17; 195i. 13 pp., $1.60) prints an intereating description of conditions in Jamaica in 1776, with reflections on the outbreak of the War of American Independence, written by the cousin of the famous author of Vathek and builder of Fonthill. The Gibraltarian: the Origin and Development of the Population of Gibraltar from 1704, by H. W. How= [Gibraltar, Beanland and Malin, 1952, xii + 224 + ii pp. (illus., map), 8s. 6d.I is a study of the origins and development of the resident civilian population (24.000 British citizens) of the Rock, which was almost completely deserted by the Spaniards after the English conquest in 1704. leaving some thirty Genoese families. From these begmnings the population haa subsequently grown as a mixture of Spaniards, Portuguese, Minorcans. Italians, British, Maltese, Jews, elc. Dr. How- provides numerous statistical tables showing names, nationalities, religions and occupations at various dates.

Australia: Her Story, by KYLIE TENNANT [London, Macmillan, 1953, viii + 2% pp. (map), 15s.I gives, in vigorous language and impressionistic design, a racy ' popular ' account. by a successful Australian novelist, of Australia's development from the beginnings to the present day. 'True Patriots All: or News from Early Australia as told in a Collection of Broadsides. compiled by GEOFFREY C. INGLETON [Sydney and London, Angus and Robertson, 1952, viii + 280 pp. (illus.), 425.1 is a large and handsomely produced collection of broadsides (many reproduced in facsimile) and other original news items, letters, advertisements, ek., recording ' murders, executions, piracies, mutinies, shipwrecks, tenors of transportation and villanies of all kinds' and other sensational matters illustrating the more violent side of life in Australia between 1785 and 1855: the editor's notes and explanatory matter add greatly to the value of this unique auxiliary source-book. Lincolndire Links w'th Australia, by Canon A. M. COOK [Lincoln, The author, 1951. 46 pp. (illus.), 35.1 is a clear and straightforward story of the parts played by Sir Joseph Banks, Matthew and Samuel Flinders, George Bass and Sir John Franklin in the exploration of Australia.

Archives Ycar Book for South African History. Fijteenth Year 1952, edited by the chief archivist, DR. COENRAAD BEYBRS and others (Cape Town, Union Archives. 1953, 2 vols., n.p.) contains (vol. i, ix + 365 pp.) a doctoral thesis in Afrikaans by Jan Ploeger on education in the South African Republic underS. J. du Toit and N. Mansvelt, 1881-1900, and (vol. ii. xii + 297 pp., illus., map) a master's thesis in English by L. M. Thompson, ' Indian Immigra- tion into Natal, 1860-1872 ', a doctoral thess in English by W. Kistner ' The Anti-Slavery @tation against the Transvaal Republic, 1852-1868 ', a short d c l e in English by P. J. Venter, ' An Early Botanist and Conserva-

188 HISTORY [JUNE

tionist at the Cape : the Rev. John Croumbie Brawn ’, and another doctoral thesis in Afrikaans by P. J. Lombard on the establishment and early history of Queenstown (eastern Cape Province) from 1853 to 1859. Simm van dsr Stcl’s Journal of his Expedition to Namaqudand. 16861686: SupPlcrpmt-Ad&da et Corrigenda, edited by G. WATERHOUSE [Dublin, Hodges, Fig& and CO. 1953, 19 pp. (illus.), 5s.I supplements the editor’s earlier edition of th is Journal (Dublin Univ. Press., 1932, 0.p.) by printing useful documents and other information subsequently brought to the editor’s notice, including a letter from van Stel a t Olifants River on 16 Sept. 1685 to his deputy a t the Cape, the report prepared on the Copper Mountain by the foreman miner of the expedition, and a large number of corrections and additions, with a completely revised list of the zoological and botanical identificatione of the drawings reproduced in the original edition. African O#@rtunity, by L ~ R D MXLVERTON (London, United Central Africa Assocn., 1953, 16 pp., 1s.) is a moderately and persuasively worded plea for the federation of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyassaland along the lines of the propads of recent government white papers.

Al-Akida and Fort Jesus. Mombasa. by MBARAK ALI HINAWY Dndon, Macmillan, 1950. viii + 88 pp. (illus.), 2s. 6d.I is significant as the 6rst attempt, by a native writer, to produce a biography of Muhammarl bin Abdallah (1837-96). akida (commander) of Mombasa under the Sultan of Zanzibar, whose revolts against the Sultan led to British intervention in Mombas8 in 1875. The author, ably disentangling a very complex story of feuds, intrigues and clashing interests, makes excellent use of several contemporary Swahili poems and songs relating to his hero’s exploits. EUon and the East African Coast S h e Trade, edited by E. A. LOFTUS [London, Macmillan, 1952, vi + 61 pp. (map), 1s. 8d.l is a modest pamphlet of extracts from the diary of Capt. James Elton, British vice-consul a t Zanzibar (1873-5) and consul in the Mozambique Territory (1875-7), narrating his experiences in fighting against the slave trade in East Africa: the editor supplies a brief preface and introduction, with explanatory linking passaga. T b Ntcmi: T r a d i t i d Rites of a Sukumo Chief in Tanganyika, by HANS C ~ R Y (1951, xii + 83 pp., 2s.). and The Luo Girl from Infancy to Marriago. by S. H. OMINDE [1952,

new series of pamphlets, Custom and Tradition in East Afn’ca (London, Macmillan). Messrs. Macmillan deserve commendation for their imagination and enterprise in issuing this entire group of booklets on East Africa: it is to be hoped that more will follow. Growth of a Nation: the SrOry of the S&n [London, H.M.S.O., 1953, 32 pp. (illus., maps) Zs.] is an official brochure recording with legitimate pride the material, cultural and political progress made by the Sudan towards self-government and nationhood under the guidance of British government officials during the last 50 years.

While Part i of each volume of the annual Procmiings of the Indian H i s t o r i d Rccwds Commission [Twenty-Sixth Session, Cuttcrcb, Dscembcr 1949, pt . ii, iv + 32 pp. (1951) : Twenty-Smmth Session, Nagwr, Dcmnber 1950, pt . i, iv + 233 pp. (illus.), (1951) ; pi. ii, iv + 120 pp.. (1952) : Twenty-Eighth Session, Jaipur, Dcccmbcr 1951. fit. i, vi + 282 pp. (illus.), (1952) ; pt . ii. iv + 97 pp, (1952)l is devoted to a record of the business tmmactd by the annual conference of the Commission and by its research and publications committee, together with numerous archival documents, reports and lists arising from the work of the Cornmistion itself, Part ii, separatsly issued each year, contains a large number of short papera communicated to the confcremca by Indian ncholpre ranging widely over modern Indian hietory since 1672,

x + 70 pp. (ill-.), IS. 10d.1 are h t - h a n d sOci010gical studies published in 8

19531 NEW PUBLICATIONS RECENTLY RECEIVED 189

naing the records a the basin of their work. The supplements to the annual PIoUsdirgs thus provide a ubful indication of some of the trenda of preaenbday Indian historical scholarship. One large project of record publication has been completed by the issue of three more volumes of the English Records of

SAREAR and G. S. SARDBSAI). a series begun by the Bombay government in 1937, d g the period in which the British wrested the mastery of India from the Marathas. Vol. 10 of th is series, The Treaty of Basssin and the Anglo- Maratha War in the Dcccan, 1802-1804, edited by DR. ~ G H U B I R SINE (Bombay, 1951, u + 228 pp., Rs. 12). prints the relevant correspondence, texts of agreements and treaties, with a narrative introduction giving a full summary of the events and negotiations leading up to the treaty. Vol. 12, Poor0 Affairs: Elphiustone’s Embassy, P t . i, (1811-1816). edited by DR. G. S. SARDXSAI (1950, a v i i i + 475 pp., Rs. 15). aftar a brief introduction, prints the letters, resolutions and minutes of the Bombay council, the court of directors, ctc., for the funt four years of Elphinstone’s Poona residency, and his settlement with the southern Jagirdars, the miasion of Gangadhar Shastri, envoy of the Gaikwar of Baroda to POOM, and Shastri’s murder by the Peahwa. showing the widening rift between the British and the ill-advised, headstrong Peahwa, which was to lead to the dethronement of the Peshwa, the fall of the Maratha empire and the decisive establishment of British s u p mmacy in India. VoL 14, Dadat Rao Sindhia and North Indian Affairs (1810-1818), edited by JADUNATH SARKAR (1951, xvi + 414 pp., Rs. 15). with a ueeful narrative introduction, covem the closing stages of the collapse of Maratha power, a story of degradation, anarchy and final supersession. The series of English records thus concluded is now followed by a comple- mentary project, the publication of the Persian Records of Maratha History. translated into English, with notes (general editor, DR. P. M. JOSHI, director of archives for the government of Bombay). DR. JADUNATH SARXAR has trans- lated and prepared vol. i of the new aeries, Delhi Affairs (1761-1788): News- b#r*s from Pavasnis Cdlccriorr [Bombay, 1953, x + 213 pp., Rs. 2, as 8 (4s. 6d.)]. The Parasni family of Poona, the hereditary Persian secretaries of the Peahwa’s govunment. which used Persian as its court language, received all Persian conrespondence for the Peahwas, translated i t into Marathi, and drafted the replies in Persian : the official Persian records remained with this family until the government of Bombay purchased them in 1949. This volume translates a mass of official reports made to the Peshwa’s government by its Delhi agents during the important but confused period when the Marathas, whoae hold on the Mughal empire had been broken a t Panipat, were striving with little permanent success to restore their grip against Rajput, Rohilla and Mughal opposition.

The universities and learned societies of India have, in agreement with the Indian Historical Records Commission, undertaken to assist in the systematic publication of India’s records by printing a t their own expense five volumes of selections from the English records in India: Selcctiorrs from the Urme

Annamalai University, 1952, xxvii + 394 pp., Rs. 15) is the h t of these five volumes to appear. It prints an extensive selection from the great collection of original SOIUIX material-journals, diaries, reports, letters, maps, plane, rtc., amassed by Robert Orme a the basis of his great Hisrory of the Military Transa&ms of tb British Norion in Zndostrrn (2 voh., 1763, 1778) and his Hisroricd F r m of t h Mogul Empire, of the Moratkms. and of the English Conc6m.s Q India from 1669 (1782). an invaluable corpns of source materipl

Mw& Hdlory: P M R&&%GY cOW6S~OdCUW (general editors, JADUNATH

Manuscripts, edited by the late C. S. SRINIVASACHARIAR (Annamalai nag9r.

190 HISTORY [JUNE

for Indian history, containing 231 mss. volumes alone. The editor, who before his death in 1951 had completed the work on this volume save for seeing i t through the press, added a useful introduction on Orme, his two books and his great source collection, and also provided a substantial narrative back- ground of events in s. India from 1745 to 1763. T b History of the Pearl Fishery of the Tamil Coast, by S . ARUNACHALAM (Annamalai University Histurical Series, No. 8, Annamalainagar, 1952, vi + 206 + ii pp.), though poorly written and printed, shows that this university does not confine its historical publications to source-material, but also fosters secondary studies of more local character. In view of the permanent importance of the extensive plans for systematic publication of records, on which both the Indian Historical Records Commission and the co-operating universities, societies and scholars are warmly to be congratulated, i t is regrettable that Indian standards of printing, paper and binding are apparently so poor: this scholarly task deserves a more handsome and durable embodiment. India. Pakistan, Ceylon, edited by W. NORMAN BROWN [Ithaca, Cornell Univ. Press (London, Cumberlege), 1951, xiii + 234 pp., $3.00 (24s.) ] reprints as chapters in a well co-ordinated book a number of descriptive articles originally written by nine American scholars for the Encyclopedia Amcricuna. It includes two fairly substantial chapters by Holden Furber on British rule in India and on India and Pakistan since the British withdrawal. *The Constilutim of India, by G. N. Josnr (London, Macmillan, 1951, xi f 450 pp., 12s. 6d.) is a fully detailed and systematic account of and commentary on the subject, by a former professor of constitutional law at the Government Law College, Bombay. Hcmourabb Company, by MARGARET BELLASIS [London, Hollis and Carter, 1953, xii + 286 pp. (illus.) 21s.I is an aptly illustrated account by a young novelist who writes sketchily and somewhat fancifully of the parts played in British India by four successive generations of members of her own family, basing her story on family papers hitherto unused; and weaving her theme, with many digressions, on the broader background of the everchanging conditions of AngleIndian life. Indian Summer, by WILFRBD RUSSELL [Bombay, Thacker (London, Luzac,) 1951, xiii + 250 pp. (illus., map), Rs. 11.8 (18s. 6d)] is a personal impression of the Indian transition from B n h h rule to independence, written by an active participant in the events of those momentous years. It is illustrated by twelve beautifully reproduced water- colours. *The Sikhs, by KHUSHWANT SINGH [London, Allen and Unwin, 1953,215 pp. (illus. maps), 16s.l is both the first complete history of this nation sect to be written by a Sikh and the first serious attempt t o take their story beyond the British annexation of the Punjab in 1849. It recounts, not only the founding of the Sikhs as a puritan sect, neither Hindu nor Muslim, early in the sixteenth century, and their rapid evolution, under fierce persecution, into a splendidly organised warrior-people, masters of a great empire ; but also their struggles under British rule to revive the earlier religious fervour which had sustained their greatness, and their efforts to overthrow British rule by conspiracy and revolt. It includes an account of their attempt to defy the Canadian immigration laws, their rejection as would-be immigrants in other ‘ white ’ countries, and the rise of Communism among them. Their part in the struggles of Indian nationalism, leading only to partition between India and Pakistan in 1947, with the resulting massacres and the exodus from W. Punjab, is briefly told. The book goes on to a brief account of the Sikh language, literature and art (including some sensitive and beautiful translations) and ends with a gloomy forecast of the impending extinction of the Sikhs as a separate community. The scale of the book necessarily makes the treat-

19537 TRANSLATIONS, REPRINTS AND NEW EDITIONS I91

ment rather slight, and only at one point, an extremely brief and grudging adniission of the prosperity and order brought to the Punjab by British rule, does the author suggest that the Sikhs or India may ever have received any- thing but evil, injustice and oppression a t British hands. Nevertheless, the book contains much that British readers would find interesting and valuable and much that they should know, whether they like it or not.

Southeast Asia in the Coming World, edited by PRILIP W. THAYER [Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press (London, Cumberlege), 1953, xii + 306 pp. (map), $4.75 (38s.)] consists of 21 short papers read at a conference a t Washington, D.C.. by as many scholars and administrators discussing various aspects of the problems in politics, economics, culture and law facing south-eastern Asia today, especially from the American standpoint. Additional Chaptms to W . H . Codrington's ' A Short History of Ceylon I , by L. H. HORACE PERERA (London, Macmillan, 1952, iv + 66 pp., 2s.) takes the story of British adminis- tration, of economic and social development, of the growth of representative government and of the change from crown colony to dominion status, from 1833 to 1948. Modern Asia Explained, by W. R. MCAULIFFE [London, Blackie, 1952, ix + 163 pp. (maps), 7s. 6d.1 is a short elementary account 'of the development and aspirations of the Asiatic states which have recently freed themselves or been freed from Western colonization': it covers all Asia south of the borders of the Soviet Union (to which, however, three pages and a map are given). The Developing Unity of Asia. by S . V. P~NTAMBEKAR (Nagpur University, 1951, xvii + 508 pp., Rs. 6) is an ambitious attempt ' to show how Asian peoples spread and came into contact with one another ', and ' con- tributed to the developing unity of Asia through ages.'

TRANSLATIONS, REPRINTS AND NEW EDITIONS A Shwt History of India. by W. H. MORELAND and A. C. CHATTERJEE

[London, Longmans, 1953, xv + 580 pp. (maps), 25s.l is the third edition of a well-established general survey, at about matriculation level, originally published in 1936 (noticed by Mr. John Allan in History, xxii, 180-1) and re-edited by Dr. Chatterjee, the surviving co-author, in 1944, when the narrative of developments in India was brought down to 1943. The latest edition continues the story to August 1947, when British rule in India ter- minated, and the dominions of India and Pakistan came into being.

A History of the Roman World from 146 to 30 B.C., by F. B. MARSH [edit. H. H. SCULLARD ; Methuen's History of the Greek and Roman World, vol. v ; London, 1953 (2nd edn.), xii + 467 pp. (maps), 30s.l reprints, with only minute corrections, this attractive standard history of the late Roman Republic, originally published in 1936 (reviewed by Mr. H. B. Mattingly in Hisfmy. xx, 159-60). Dr. Scullard, however, adds some forty pages of valuable and scholarly notes, with cross-references to and from the appropriate places in the text, indicating the most important contributions made to our knowledge of the period since the first edition appeared, and the valuable select biblis graphy has also been brought up to date.

Die Hanse. by KARL PAGEL [Brunswick, Georg Westermann, 1952, 459 pp. (illus.), D.M. 241 reprints almost unaltered a huge work of synthesis, written for the general reader, covering the whole story of the rise and fall of the Hanseatic League from its earliest beginnings to the Thirty Years' War. Herr Pagel describes himself as a ' dilettanfe ', and makes it clear that his book is not based directly upon work in the originaI sources ; but he has