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New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips Catharine Mannion UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center [email protected] http://mannion.ifas.ufl.edu

New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

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Page 1: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

New Pests of FicusWhitefly and Thrips

Catharine Mannion

UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center

[email protected]

http://mannion.ifas.ufl.edu

mailto:[email protected]
http://mannion.ifas.ufl.edu/
Page 2: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Recent Pest Problems on Ficus

Whitefly Thrips

Photos: H. Glenn, UF/IFAS

Page 3: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Fig WhiteflySinghielia simplex

• New U.S. continental record

• Miami‐Dade County (approximately 35 sq miles)

• Looks like a typical whitefly

Immature stages

Photos: H. Glenn, UF/IFAS

Page 4: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Plant Hosts

Ficus species– F. benjamina (weeping fig)

– F. altissima

– F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”)

– F. aurea (strangler fig)

– F. microcarpa (Cuban laurel)

– F. maclellandii (banana‐leaf fig)

Page 5: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Damage• Leaves turn yellow

• Rapid defoliation 

Photos: H. Glenn and C. Mannion, UF/IFAS

Page 6: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Natural Enemies ‐ Parasitoid

Encarsia protransvena

Parasitized whitefliesPhotos: H. Glenn, UF/IFAS

Page 7: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Natural Enemies ‐ Predators

•Curinus coeruleus•Chilocorus nigritis•Exochomus childreni

Three predaory beetles identified thus far:

Photos: H. Glenn, UF/IFAS

Page 8: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Parasitized Whitefly

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Page 9: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Management

• Monitor ficus plants for early signs of infestation 

• Monitor for natural enemies

• When pruning trees and hedges, bag clippings

Page 10: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Management

• Homeowners – Insecticidal soap and oil sprays– Thorough coverage is necessary– Repeat applications 7 – 10 days– Systemic insecticides

• Imidacloprid (Bayer Advanced Tree and Shrub)• Dinotefuran (Spectricide Tree and Shrub)

– Contact insecticides• Bifenthrin (Ortho Bug‐B‐Gon); Cyfluthrin (Bayer Advanced rose and Flower); Sevin (Carbaryl); malathion and others

Page 11: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Management• Professional Use (Landscape and Nursery)

– Systemic insecticides – soil treatment• Clothianadin (Celero)• Thiamethoxam (Flagship)• Imidacloprid (Merit, Marathon, Discus*, Allectus*)• Dinotefuran (Safari)

– Insecticides – foliar treatment• Flonicamid (Aria), Abamectin (Avid), Azadirachtin, Pyriproxyfen (Distance), Pymentrozine (Endeavor), Endosulfan, Spiromesifen (Judo), Buprofezin, (Talus), Acetamiprid (Tristar)

Page 12: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Q Biotype Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

• Whitefly is a major pest of vegetables and ornamental crops around the world

• Q biotype – resistant to many of the commonly used insecticides

• http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/bemisia/bemisia.htm

UF/IFAS

Page 13: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Pesticide Mode of Action

• How the pesticide works in the insect

• Classify compounds by their mode of action– IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee)

– An Interactive Mode of Action tool http://www.irac‐online.org/eClassification/ 

– Chemical Class Chart (ohp.com)

UF/IFAS

Page 14: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Acetamiprid TriStar

Dinotefuran Safari

Imidacloprid Marathon/MeritDiscus/Allectus*

Thiamethoxam Flagship

Neonicotinoid Compounds (MOA 4)

*Combination products (imidacloprid + pyrethroid)

Page 15: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Ficus Thrips(Gynaikothrips uzeli)

Photos: U

F/IFAS MRE

C

• First noted in 2003 due to heavy damage on Ficus benjamina in south Florida

• Prefer tender, new foliage

• Feeding causes sunken, reddish spots on leaves.  Leaves tend to curl and fold inward.  

Page 16: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Management ‐ Thrips

• Detection of thrips can be done by placing a white paper beneath the leaves or flowers and shake the plant.  

• Look for the small spots of varnish like excrement on the leaves

• Biological control– Resident populations of predaceous thrips, minute pirate bugs, and predaceous mites help but cannot be relied upon for adequate control

– Some success with releases

UF/IFAS

Page 17: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Group 1B –Organophosphates• Acephate (such as Orthene)

Group 6 – Avermectin• Abamectin (Avid)

Group 3 – Pyrethroids• Bifenthrin (Talstar, Onyx)• Cyfluthrin (Tempo, Discus)

Group 9 –Unknown/nonspecific• Flonicamid (Aria)

Group 4A – Neonicotinoids• Acetamiprid (TriStar)• Dinotefuran (Safari)• Imidacloprid (Marathon, Discus)

Group 15 – Benzoylureas• Novaluron (Pedestal)

Group 5 – Spinosyn• Spinosad (Conserve)

Group 18B – Azadirachtin• Azadirachtin (Azatin, Ornazin)

Insecticides for Thrips(by mode of action)

Page 18: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Gnaikothrips uzeli

Page 19: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Gnaikothrips uzeli

Page 20: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Gnaikothrips uzeli

Page 21: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Gnaikothrips uzeli

Page 22: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Gnaikothrips uzeli

Page 23: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban
Page 24: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban
Page 25: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban
Page 26: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban
Page 27: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban
Page 28: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Management of  Ficus Thrips(Gynaikothrips uzeli)

• Thrips peak in late spring and late summer• The predatory bugs were able to bring the populations back down after these peak periods

• Orthene and Safari (drench treatments) provided control – may only be needed during peak thripspopulations

• All insecticides reduced the number of predators• Overall, the level of damage did not differ much between the insecticide treatments and the control treatments over the long term

Page 29: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Managing Pests • http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

• http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/

• http://mannion.ifas.ufl.edu

• Pest Alerts

– University of Florida (http://extlab7.entnem.ufl.edu/pestalert/)

– DOACS (http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/enpp/pi‐pest‐alert.html)

• Pests you have not seen before or unexpected damage

UF/IFAS

Page 30: New Pests of Ficus Whitefly and Thrips · F. benjamina (weeping fig) – F. altissima – F. bengalensis (“banyan tree”) – F. aurea (strangler fig) – F. microcarpa (Cuban

Catharine MannionResearch and Extension Specialist

Ornamental Entomology

University of Florida, IFASTropical Research and Education Center

18905 SW 280th StreetHomestead, FL 33031

305-246-7000http://mannion.ifas.ufl.edu

[email protected]


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