Orchestration of

Gyeonggi Korean Orchestra

Orchestration of

Gyeonggi Korean Orchestra

Orchestration

Daegeum and

sogeum

(9)

Daegeum (DG): 9 players

*Jeodae (tongil daegeum): 3 players

Sogeum (SG): 2 players

Piri, daepiri,

jeopiri, and

taepyeongso

(10)

Piri (PR): 10 players

Daepiri (D.PR): 3 playersPiri, daepiri,

jeopiri, and

taepyeongso

(10)Jeopiri (J.PR): 1 player

Taepyeongso (TP): 3 players

Haegeum and

jeohaegeum

(10)

Haegeum (HG): 10 players

Jeohaegeum (J.HG): 2 players

Soajaeng,

daeajaeng,

and jeoajaeng

(8)

Soajaeng (S.AJ): 2 players

Daeajaeng (D.AJ): 8 players

Jeoajaeng (J.AJ): 2 players

Haegeum

Sogeum

Daegeum

Gayageum Geomungo

Piri

Ajaeng

Percussion

*One player for a keyboard instrument included

*Guest players recruited for other instruments if needed

Gayageum

(8)Gayageum (GYG): 8 players

Geomungo

(8)Geomungo (GMG): 8 players

Percussion

(6)

Percussion (Perc): 6 players*Instruments: Samul (janggu, buk, kkwaenggwari, and jing),

a set of buk, a set of drums, and timpani

Haegeum AjaengConductor

* Each part can be grouped in the forms of 4+4, 3+2, etc.

For example, the daegeum part can be played in groups of 4+4,

3+3+2, 2+2+2+2, etc.

* The score of any instrument not originally included in the

orchestration (i.e. Western instruments) should be grouped with the

most similar instrument (i.e. flute with daegeum, cello with ajaeng,

and oboe with piri).

* The score for the collaborating instrument should be placed at the

top.

* The orchestra can collaborate with a solo instrument or vocals

(both solo and chorus).

* Percussion includes samul (janggu, buk, kkwaenggwari, and jing),

a set of buk, a set of drums, timpani, and special instruments

(cymbals, gong, and wind chimes).

Scores Used by the Orchestra(Names and Order of Instruments)

* Each part can be grouped in the forms of 4+4, 3+2, etc.

For example, the daegeum part can be played in groups of 4+4,

3+3+2, 2+2+2+2, etc.

* The score of any instrument not originally included in the

orchestration (i.e. Western instruments) should be grouped with the

most similar instrument (i.e. flute with daegeum, cello with ajaeng,

and oboe with piri).

* The score for the collaborating instrument should be placed at the

top.

* The orchestra can collaborate with a solo instrument or vocals

(both solo and chorus).

* Percussion includes samul (janggu, buk, kkwaenggwari, and jing),

a set of buk, a set of drums, timpani, and special instruments

(cymbals, gong, and wind chimes).

* Each part can be grouped in the forms of 4+4, 3+2, etc.

For example, the daegeum part can be played in groups of 4+4,

3+3+2, 2+2+2+2, etc.

* The score of any instrument not originally included in the

orchestration (i.e. Western instruments) should be grouped with the

most similar instrument (i.e. flute with daegeum, cello with ajaeng,

and oboe with piri).

* The score for the collaborating instrument should be placed at the

top.

* The orchestra can collaborate with a solo instrument or vocals

(both solo and chorus).

* Percussion includes samul (janggu, buk, kkwaenggwari, and jing),

a set of buk, a set of drums, timpani, and special instruments

(cymbals, gong, and wind chimes).

Register

(Sogeum)(Daegeum)

Daegeum (Jeodae/Tongil Daegeum/Modernized Daegeum)/Sogeum

(Sogeum)(Daegeum)

Traits

- Both daegeum and sogeum create loud sounds when playing higher notes, adding a dramatic

feel to an ensemble.

- Both daegeum and sogeum create calm, placid sounds when playing lower notes.

- Microtones and half tones can be played by adjusting the lips.

- Daegeum creates a unique sound through the coating of cheong (a thin membrane taken from

the inside of a reed stem), which is similar to that of a flute.

- Sogeum creates the highest register of sound among traditional wind instruments and is similar

to a piccolo.

- Sogeum is one octave higher than daegeum.

*Jeodae: A type of modernized daegeum used in North Korea, which can freely cover the duodecuple scale

*Tongil daegeum: A combination of daegeum and jeodae engineered to retain the tone of daegeum and

take advantage of the scale coverage of jeodae

*Modernized daegeum: A type of daegeum modernized to include half tones

Daegeum

Traits

- Both daegeum and sogeum create loud sounds when playing higher notes, adding a dramatic

feel to an ensemble.

- Both daegeum and sogeum create calm, placid sounds when playing lower notes.

- Microtones and half tones can be played by adjusting the lips.

- Daegeum creates a unique sound through the coating of cheong (a thin membrane taken from

the inside of a reed stem), which is similar to that of a flute.

- Sogeum creates the highest register of sound among traditional wind instruments and is similar

to a piccolo.

- Sogeum is one octave higher than daegeum.

*Jeodae: A type of modernized daegeum used in North Korea, which can freely cover the duodecuple scale

*Tongil daegeum: A combination of daegeum and jeodae engineered to retain the tone of daegeum and

take advantage of the scale coverage of jeodae

*Modernized daegeum: A type of daegeum modernized to include half tonesSogeum

Daegeum

Sogeum

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Daegeum (Jeodae/Tongil Daegeum/Modernized Daegeum)/Sogeum

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Daegeum (Jeodae/Tongil Daegeum/Modernized Daegeum)/Sogeum

Skip

(Daepiri)

Register

(Piri)

Piri/Daepiri/Jeopiri

Piri

(Daepiri)(Piri)

(Jeopiri)

Traits

- Piri is a double reed instrument, and keys can be changed with the movements of the tongue.

- Piri has a fierce, strong tone but the intensity of the tone can be freely adjusted. It is similar to an oboe.

- Piri can cover the duodecuple scale but cannot play music of a fast tempo or express fine tunes on pitch.

- Daepiri and jeopiri are both modernized piri used in North Korea and can freely cover the duodecuple

scale.

- Daepiri is similar to a tenor saxophone.

- Jeopiri is similar to a bassoon.

DaepiriTraits

- Piri is a double reed instrument, and keys can be changed with the movements of the tongue.

- Piri has a fierce, strong tone but the intensity of the tone can be freely adjusted. It is similar to an oboe.

- Piri can cover the duodecuple scale but cannot play music of a fast tempo or express fine tunes on pitch.

- Daepiri and jeopiri are both modernized piri used in North Korea and can freely cover the duodecuple

scale.

- Daepiri is similar to a tenor saxophone.

- Jeopiri is similar to a bassoon.

Jeopiri

Piri

Daepiri

Jeopiri

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Piri

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Piri

Skip

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Daepiri

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Daepiri

Skip

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Jeopiri

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Jeopiri

Skip

Taepyeongso

Register

Traits

- Taepyeongso is also a reed instrument and creates the loudest sound among traditional

instruments used for gugak.

- The intensity of the sound is difficult to adjust and sustain beyond a short period.

- Taepyeongso can cover the duodecuple scale but cannot play music of a fast tempo or express

fine tunes on pitch.

- Special techniques include moktwigim (making a ringing sound in the throat to add an

accentuating effect) and portamento (a pitch sliding from one note to another).

Taepyeongso

Traits

- Taepyeongso is also a reed instrument and creates the loudest sound among traditional

instruments used for gugak.

- The intensity of the sound is difficult to adjust and sustain beyond a short period.

- Taepyeongso can cover the duodecuple scale but cannot play music of a fast tempo or express

fine tunes on pitch.

- Special techniques include moktwigim (making a ringing sound in the throat to add an

accentuating effect) and portamento (a pitch sliding from one note to another).

Taepyeongso

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Taepyeongso

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Taepyeongso

Skip

(Jeohaegeum)

Register

(Haegeum)

Haegeum/Jeohaegeum

(Jeohaegeum)(Haegeum)

Traits

- Haegeum is a string instrument played by drawing a bow against the two strings.

- The fundamental notes are played using the forefinger.

- The position of the forefinger has to be changed to create notes not included in the

fundamental tones.

- It is easier to modulate and the register is wider compared to other traditional instruments.

- Haegeum is similar to a violin or an erhu of China.

- The modernized jeohaegeum has a lower register and a larger soundbox than the original

haegeum, thus creating a more gentle tone.

HaegeumTraits

- Haegeum is a string instrument played by drawing a bow against the two strings.

- The fundamental notes are played using the forefinger.

- The position of the forefinger has to be changed to create notes not included in the

fundamental tones.

- It is easier to modulate and the register is wider compared to other traditional instruments.

- Haegeum is similar to a violin or an erhu of China.

- The modernized jeohaegeum has a lower register and a larger soundbox than the original

haegeum, thus creating a more gentle tone.

Jeohaegeum

Haegeum

Jeohaegeum

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Haegeum/Jeohaegeum

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Haegeum/Jeohaegeum

Skip

Soajaeng/Daeajaeng/Jeoajaeng

Register (based on daeajaeng)

Soajaeng

*Soajaeng and jeoajaeng are performed in an identical fashion as daeajaeng. However, soajaeng’s register is one

octave higher than daeajaeng, while jeoajaeng’s register is one octave lower than daeajaeng.

Traits

- Ajaeng is a bowed string instrument.

- It is played by drawing a bow against the strings (arco) or plucking the strings with fingers

(pizzicato).

- The pitch can be raised by M3 by pressing the open strings.

- Two strings can be rubbed at once with a bow, and more than two strings can be plucked at once

when using the pizzicato technique in combination.

- A bow made with forsythia boughs or a bow similar to a cello bow or contrabass bow is used in

accordance with the piece performed.

- Ajaeng plays an instrumental role in an orchestra as it has a medium and lower register.

- Soajaeng in the medium register is similar to a viola, while daeajaeng and jeoajaeng in the lower

register are similar to a cello.

Daeajaeng

Traits

- Ajaeng is a bowed string instrument.

- It is played by drawing a bow against the strings (arco) or plucking the strings with fingers

(pizzicato).

- The pitch can be raised by M3 by pressing the open strings.

- Two strings can be rubbed at once with a bow, and more than two strings can be plucked at once

when using the pizzicato technique in combination.

- A bow made with forsythia boughs or a bow similar to a cello bow or contrabass bow is used in

accordance with the piece performed.

- Ajaeng plays an instrumental role in an orchestra as it has a medium and lower register.

- Soajaeng in the medium register is similar to a viola, while daeajaeng and jeoajaeng in the lower

register are similar to a cello.

Jeoajaeng

Soajaeng

Daeajaeng

Jeoajaeng

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Soajaeng/Daeajaeng/Jeoajaeng

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Soajaeng/Daeajaeng/Jeoajaeng

Skip

Gayageum

Register (25 strings)

Traits

- Gayageum is played by plucking the strings with the fingers.

- A 25-string gayageum is frequently used in an orchestra.

- Any scale can be covered by freely moving anjok (movable bridges). However, as certain

pitches are tuned on the string in advance, it is difficult to perform pieces that frequently

modulate (although it is possible to modulate by moving one or two anjok).

- The pitch can be moved up by plucking a string and then pressing it on the part to the left of

the anjok. To move the pitch down, press a string in advance, pluck it, and wait until the

string returns to its original state.

- The tone and performance techniques resemble a harp.

Gayageum

Traits

- Gayageum is played by plucking the strings with the fingers.

- A 25-string gayageum is frequently used in an orchestra.

- Any scale can be covered by freely moving anjok (movable bridges). However, as certain

pitches are tuned on the string in advance, it is difficult to perform pieces that frequently

modulate (although it is possible to modulate by moving one or two anjok).

- The pitch can be moved up by plucking a string and then pressing it on the part to the left of

the anjok. To move the pitch down, press a string in advance, pluck it, and wait until the

string returns to its original state.

- The tone and performance techniques resemble a harp.

Gayageum

Example Scores for Gayageum

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Legato

Example Scores for Gayageum

Technique Example Score

Whole Tone

Half Tone

Example Scores for Gayageum

Technique Example Scores

Skip

Geomungo

Register

Traits

- Geomungo is played by plucking the strings with suldae (a short bamboo stick).

- It is composed of six strings (munhyeon, yuhyeon, daehyeon, gwaesangcheong,

gwaehacheong, and muhyeon) and 16 convex frets.

- Sounds are created mostly with two strings and the rest are open strings.

- The convex frets have to be carefully adjusted with the left hand, which is not easy to do as

with a guitar.

- Although it is a string instrument, its ability to sustain notes is short due to the use of suldae

instead of a bow.

- Geomungo is frequently used to play melodic scales.

Geomungo

Traits

- Geomungo is played by plucking the strings with suldae (a short bamboo stick).

- It is composed of six strings (munhyeon, yuhyeon, daehyeon, gwaesangcheong,

gwaehacheong, and muhyeon) and 16 convex frets.

- Sounds are created mostly with two strings and the rest are open strings.

- The convex frets have to be carefully adjusted with the left hand, which is not easy to do as

with a guitar.

- Although it is a string instrument, its ability to sustain notes is short due to the use of suldae

instead of a bow.

- Geomungo is frequently used to play melodic scales.

Geomungo

Technique Example Score

Staccato

Example Scores for Geomungo

Legato

Whole Tone

Technique Example Score

Half Tone

Example Scores for Geomungo

Skip

Percussion (Janggu)

Percussion (Buk)

Percussion (Kkwaenggwari)

Percussion (Jing)

Percussion (A Set of Buk)