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NEW: Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) and Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 2. Markus Michalewicz Product Manager Oracle Clusterware. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NEW: Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) and Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 2
Markus MichalewiczProduct Manager Oracle Clusterware
The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
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Agenda
• Overview
• Easier Installation– SSH Setup, prerequisite checks, and FixUp-scripts– Automatic cluster time synchronization configuration– OCR & Voting Files can be stored in Oracle ASM
• Easier Management – Policy-based and Role-separated Cluster Management– Oracle EM-based Resource and Cluster Management– Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) and Grid Naming Service – Single Client Access Name (SCAN)
• Summary
• Dedicated silos are inefficient
• Sized for peak load
• Constrained performance
• Difficult to scale
• Expensive to manage
Dedicated Stacks
The Traditional Data CenterExpensive and Inefficient
Grid ComputingVirtualize Pools and Resources
• A virtualized single instance database
• Delivers value of server virtualization to databases on physical servers– Server consolidation– Online upgrade to RAC– Standardized deployment
across all Oracle databases– Built-in cluster failover
for high availability– Live migration of instances across servers– Rolling patches for single instance databases
Oracle RAC One NodeBetter Virtualization for Databases
Oracle Grid InfrastructureThe universal grid foundation
DB Datafiles
DB Datafiles
OCR &Voting Files
OCR &Voting Files
BinariesBinaries
FileSystem
FileSystem
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One
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One FR
EE
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RAC
DB2
RAC
DB2
RAC
DB1
RAC
DB1
• Standardize infrastructure software– Eliminates the need for 3rd-party solutions– Combines Oracle Automatic Storage
Management (ASM) & Oracle Clusterware– Typically used by System Administrators
• Includes:
– Oracle ASM– ASM Cluster File System (ACFS)– ACFS Snapshots– Oracle Clusterware– Cluster Health Manager
CAPEX
OPEX
Servers
Software
Storage
Data Center
Admin
Low cost serversConsolidation
Full Oracle Stack
Fewer disks/LUNs
Consolidation
Easy ProvisioningEasy Management
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Lowering CapEx and OpEx using Oracle RAC
Oracle RAC
Oracle ASM
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Easier Installation
• New intelligent installer– 40% fewer steps to install Oracle Real
Application Clusters and Oracle Grid Infra.– Integrated Validation and Automation
• Nodes can be easily repurposed– Nodes can be dynamically added
or removed from the cluster– Network and storage information are read
from profile and configured automatically– No need to manually prepare a node
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One
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One FR
EE
FR
EE
RAC
DB2
RAC
DB2
RAC
DB1
RAC
DB1
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Easier Grid Installation and Provisioning
OPEX
Data Center
Admin
Consolidation
Easy ProvisioningEasy Management
Typical and Advanced Installation
Software Only Installation for Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Grid Naming Service (GNS) and Auto assignment of VIPs
SSH Setup, prerequisite checks, and FixUp-scripts
Automatic cluster time synchronization configuration
OCR & Voting Files can be stored in Oracle ASM
1
2
4
5
3
Easier Grid Installation
6
Secure Shell (SSH) Setup …
… CVU-based Prerequisite Checks …
…and FixUp-Scripts
• Time synchronization between cluster nodes is crucial
• Typically, a central time server, accessed by NTP, is used to synchronize the time in the data center
• Oracle provides the Oracle CTSS as an alternative for cluster time synchronization
• CTSS runs in 2 ways:– Observer mode: whenever NTP is installed
on the system, CTSS only observes– Active mode: time in cluster is synchronized
against the CTSS master (node)
Automatic Cluster Time SynchronizationOracle Cluster Time Syncronization Service (CTSS)
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OCR / Voting Files stored in Oracle ASM
OCR / Voting Files stored in Oracle ASM
Create ASM Disk Group
• The OCR is managed like a datafile in ASM (new type)– It adheres completely to the redundancy settings for the DG
The OCR Managed in Oracle ASM
Voting Files Managed in Oracle ASM
• Unlike the OCR, Voting Files are– Stored on distinguished ASM disks
• ASM auto creates 1/3/5 Voting Files – Based on Ext/Normal/High redundancy
and on Failure Groups in the Disk Group– Per default there is one failure group per disk– ASM will enforce the required number of disks– New failure group type: Quorum Failgroup
[GRID]> crsctl query css votedisk
1. 2 1212f9d6e85c4ff7bf80cc9e3f533cc1 (/dev/sdd5) [DATA]
2. 2 aafab95f9ef84f03bf6e26adc2a3b0e8 (/dev/sde5) [DATA]
3. 2 28dd4128f4a74f73bf8653dabd88c737 (/dev/sdd6) [DATA]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
Easier Management
• Oracle Enterprise Manager (EM) is able to manage the full stack, including Oracle Clusterware– Manage and monitor
clusterware components– Manage and monitor
application resources
• New Grid Concepts:– Server Pools – Grid Plug and Play (GPnP)– Grid Naming Service (GNS)– Auto-Virtual IP assignment– Single Client Access Name
(SCAN)
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Easier Grid Management
OPEX
Data Center
Admin
Consolidation
Easy ProvisioningEasy Management
OCR & Voting Files can be stored in Oracle ASM
Clusterized Commands
Policy-based and Role-separated Cluster Management
Oracle EM-based Resource and Cluster Management
Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) and Grid Naming Service
Single Client Access Name (SCAN)
2
3
4
5
1
Easier Grid Management
6
New Grid Concept: Server Pools Foundation for a Dynamic Cluster Partitioning
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RAC
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RAC
DB1
RAC
DB1
• Logical division of a cluster into pools of servers.
• Hosts applications (which could be databases or applications)
Why Use Server Pools?
• Easy allocation of resources to workload
• Easy management of Oracle RAC – Just define instance requirements
(# of nodes – no fixed assignment)
• Facilitates Consolidation of Applications and Databases on Clusters
• Policy-based management uses server pools to– Enable dynamic capacity assignment when needed– Ensure isolation
where necessary (“dedicated servers in a cluster”)
• In order to guarantee:– Applications get the required minimum resources
(whenever possible)– Applications do not “take” resources from
more important applications
Resource management without policies
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FREEFREE
RAC DB1
RAC DB2
RAC DB1
RAC DB2
RAC
One
RAC
One
Policy-based Cluster Management Ensure Isolation based on Server Pools
Resource management without policies
Resource management with policies
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RA
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FR
EE
FR
EE
RAC
DB2
RAC
DB2
RAC
DB1
RAC
DB1
Policy-based Cluster Management Ensure Isolation based on Server Pools
• Policy-based management uses server pools to– Enable dynamic capacity assignment when needed– Ensure isolation
where necessary (“dedicated servers in a cluster”)
• In order to guarantee:– Applications get the required minimum resources
(whenever possible)– Applications do not “take” resources from
more important applications
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One
RAC
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FR
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RAC
DB2
RAC
DB2
RAC
DB1
RAC
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• A Server Pool is defined by 4 attributes:
1. Server Pool Name
2. Min – specifies the “minimum” number of servers that should run in the server pool
3. Max – states the “maximum” number of servers that can run in the server pool.
4. Imp – “importance” specifies the relative importance between server pools. This parameter is of relevance at the time of the server assignment to server pools or when servers need to be re-shuffled in the cluster due to failures.
Enable Policy-based Cluster Management Define Server Pools using the appropriate Definition
Role-separated Cluster Management
• Addresses organizations with strict separation of duty
• Role-separated management is implemented in 2 ways:1. Vertically: Use a different user (groups) for each layer in the stack
2. Horizontally: ACLs on server pools for policy-managed DBs / Apps.
• The default installation assumes no separation of duty
Oracle RAC DBs DBAn User
RAC DB1RAC DB1 Siebel Siebel RAC DB2RAC DB2PSFT PSFT
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
OS User
Grid User
DBA1 DBA2 Adm1
Oracle EM – Integrated Server Pool Mgmt
• GPnP eliminates the need for a per node configuration– It is an underlying grid concept that enables
the automation of operations in the cluster– Allows nodes to be dynamically added or removed from the cluster– Provides an easier management to build large clusters– It is the basis for the Grid Naming Service (GNS)
• Technically, GPnP is based on an XML profile– Defining node personality (e.g. cluster name, network classification)– Created during installation– Updated with every relevant change (using oifcfg, crsctl)– Stored in local files per home and in the OCR– Wallet protected
• GPnP is apparent in things that you do not see and that you are not asked for (anymore).
Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) Foundation for a Dynamic Cluster Management
OUI does not ask for a private node name anymore.
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RAC
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RAC
DB1
RAC
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Grid Naming Service (GNS) Dynamic Virtual IP and Naming
• The Grid Naming Service (GNS) allows dynamic name resolution in the cluster
• The Cluster manages its own virtual IPs– Removes hard coded node information– No VIPs need to be requested, if cluster changes
• Enables nodes to be dynamically added or removed from the cluster
• Defined in the DNS as a “delegated domain”– Mycluster.myco.com– DHCP provides IPs inside delegated domain
• Benefit: Reduced configuration for VIPs in the cluster
• Defined in the DNS as a “delegated domain” – DNS delegates request to mycluster.myco.com to GNS
• Needs its own IP address (the GNS VIP)– This is the only “NAME IP” assignment required in DNS
• All other VIPs, and SCAN-VIPs are defined in the GNS for a cluster– DHCP is used for dynamic IP assignment
• Optional way of resolving addresses– Requires novel configuration by DNS administrator
Grid Naming Service (GNS) Steps to set up GNS
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
1
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
2
1
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
3
1
2
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
4
1
2
3
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
5
1
2
3
4
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
DNS
client
delegated cluster domain
SCAN listeners
Local listeners
Oracle RAC cluster - GRIDA
GNSDHCP server
dynamic VIP assignment
1
6
2
3
4
5
Grid Naming Service Client Connect
corporate domain
• Used by clients to connect to any database in the cluster
• Removes the requirement to change the client connection if cluster changes
• Load balances across the instances providing a service
• Provides failover between “moved instances”
Clu
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SC
AN
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Single Client Access Name (SCAN) The New Database Cluster Alias
• Requires a DNS entry or GNS to be used• In DNS, SCAN is a single name defined to resolve to 3 IP-addresses:
• Each cluster will have 3 SCAN-Listeners,combined with a SCAN-VIP defined as cluster resources
• The SCAN VIP/LISTENER combination will failover to another node in the cluster, if the current node fails
Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE node3
Single Client Access Name Network Configuration for SCAN
clusterSCANname.example.com IN A 133.22.67.194
IN A 133.22.67.193
IN A 133.22.67.192
PMRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1)(PORT = 1521)) …
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nodeN)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
… ))
Single Client Access Name Easier Client Configuration
PMRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = clusterSCANname)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
… ))
• Without SCAN (pre-11g Rel. 2) TNSNAMES has 1 entry per node• With every cluster change, all client TNSNAMES need to be changed
• With SCAN only 1 entry per cluster is used, regardless of the # of nodes:
Application Server
Connection Load Balancing using SCAN
Clients
SCANListeners
Local Listeners
Oracle RAC Database Cluster
Application Server
Connection Load Balancing using SCAN
Clients
SCANListeners
Oracle RAC Database Cluster
Local Listeners
Summary
RAC RAC
RAC RAC RAC RAC
Shared Infrastructure
Dedicated Infrastructure
Oracle RAC Oracle RAC for HAfor HA
Lower the cost Lower the cost of HAof HA
Lower the Lower the cost scalabilitycost scalability
Oracle RAC for Oracle RAC for
Scale out Scale out
Shared Cluster Shared DatabaseShared Cluster Shared DatabaseShared StorageShared Storage
Lower the infrastructure costs Lower the infrastructure costs Improved utilizationImproved utilization Storage consolidationStorage consolidation Management efficiency (Shared DB)Management efficiency (Shared DB)
Lower the cost of Lower the cost of deploymentsdeploymentsLower CAPEXLower CAPEXLower OPEXLower OPEX
RAC
RAC
RAC RACRAC
RAC RAC
EM
RAC RAC RACRAC RACRAC RAC
ASAS
ASAS
ASAS AS
EM
EM
EMRAC
RAC
RAC RACRAC
RAC RAC
EM
StandardizedInfrastructure
Datacenter Datacenter
GridGridGRID for DBGRID for DB
The Evolution of the Grid Lowering the Cost of Database Deployments
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