Einstein refrigeratorTheEinsteinSzilardorEinstein refrigeratoris anabsorption refrigeratorwhich has nomoving parts, operates at constant pressure, and requires only a heat source to operate. It was jointly invented in 1926 byAlbert Einsteinand his former studentLe Szilrdand patented in the US on November 11, 1930 (U.S. Patent 1,781,541). This is an alternative design from the original invention of 1922 by the Swedish inventorsBaltzar von PlatenandCarl Munters. From 1926 until 1933 Einstein and Szilrd collaborated on ways to improve home refrigeration technology. The two were motivated by contemporary newspaper reports of a Berlin family who had been killed when a seal in their refrigerator broke and leaked toxic fumes into their home. Einstein and Szilrd proposed that a device without moving parts would eliminate the potential for seal failure, and explored practical applications for different refrigeration cycles. Einstein used the experience he had gained during his years at the Swiss Patent Office to apply for valid patents for their inventions in several countries, the two eventually being granted 45 patents in their names for three different models.

Madam curie discovered x-raysIn 1895Wilhelm Roentgendiscovered the existence ofX-rays, though the mechanism behind their production was not yet understood.[23]In 1896Henri Becquereldiscovered thaturaniumsalts emitted rays that resembled X-rays in their penetrating power.[23]He demonstrated that this radiation, unlikephosphorescence, did not depend on an external source of energy but seemed to arise spontaneously from uranium itself.[8]Influenced by these two important discoveries, Marie decided to look into uranium rays as a possible field of research for a thesis.[8][23]