CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

The alkali metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table (formerly known as group IA), are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer than most other metals. Cesium and francium are the most reactive elements in this group. Alkali metals can explode if they are exposed to water.

The Alkali Metals are:

Lithium

Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium

The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.

The Alkaline Earth Metals are:

*Beryllium *Magnesium *Calcium *Strontium *Barium *Radium

The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are called "transition metals". As with all metals, the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. The interesting thing about transition metals is that their valence electrons, or the electrons they use to combine with other elements, are present in more than one shell. This is the reason why they often exhibit several common oxidation states. There are three noteworthy elements in the transition metals family. These elements are iron, cobalt, and nickel, and they are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field. The Transition Metals are:

Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenu

m Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver

 

Cadmium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Rutherfordiu

m Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium

The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. While these elements are ductile and malleable, they are not the same as the transition elements. These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of +3, ±4, and -3.

The "Other Metals" are:

Aluminum Gallium Indium Tin Thallium Lead Bismuth

Metalloids are the elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals . This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

The Metalloids are:

Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium

Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. The non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They have oxidation numbers of ±4, -3, and -2.

The Non-Metal elements are:

Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium

The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter:

Solid- Iodine, Astatine Liquid- Bromine Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

The Halogens are:

Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine

The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0 prevents the noble gases from forming compounds readily. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable.

Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon

The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made. All of the rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the periodic table, and the 6th and 7th periods. The Rare Earth Elements are made up of two series of elements, the Lanthanide and Actinide Series.

The Rare Earth Elements are:

Lanthanide Series   Actinide Series

Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium

Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

TOP 10 TIPS FOR PERFECT SSC BOARD EXAM PAPERS PRESENTATION

1. GET YOUR BASICS RIGHTIt has been said time and again, but keeping all your examination material ready a day before the examination is very important part of your success at SSC exams. Create a checklist of all the things you need to carry such as hall tickets, pens, pencils, writing pads, and other instruments, and make sure you carry them. All your basic information such as your name, seat number, etc. should be filled in neatly on your answers booklets. Make sure you get these basics right.

 2. START WITH YOUR BEST“First impression is the last impression” and the same is true for your SSC answer paper also. If the examiner gets a good first impression of you, it can only work in your favour. Therefore, the first answer that you write, take extra precaution to make sure there are no careless mistakes, cancellations or any turn-offs that will create a bad impression. Also, attempting questions in order is preferable but not necessary.You can start with the answer that you know best if you are not so confident. 3. LEVERAGE THE EXAMINER’S INERTIAThe examiner is only human and if he/she feels that you know your subject matter perfectly, then he/she may automatically tend to overlook some minor mistakes you make later in the paper. Thus many top ranking SSC students choose to answer the questions they are most confident about first. If the examiner is ticking your earlier questions, chances are he will keep ticking. You don’t want the examiner to keep crossing your answers. Thus write your best answers first and your not so perfect answers last. This can be a useful strategy especially for your subjective SSC papers such as English, Hindi, Marathi and History-Civics. 4. PRESENT YOUR PAPER WELLExaminers cannot deduct marks if a student has not underlined important terms and not written neatly. However if you present your paper well, it makes it easier of the examiner to award you marks. Few students waste time in decorating their paper with sketch pens etc. This too is not needed. The trick is to give the examiner the confidence that you know what you are writing.

5. PAY ATTENTION TO SUBJECT SPECIFIC DETAILSIn all Maths and Science papers, writing the proper units is one of the most important things. Presentation of the solution of any sum of Algebra should be done systematically with proper statements, formula wherever applicable and complete step by step solving. Scale is important while drawing a graph. Highlighting the final answer is compulsory in any sum of Algebra. For objective type question, rewrite the complete statements with underlined answer. A balanced chemical equation with proper explanation is required. In ray diagrams, circuit diagram arrows are important. For questions like give reasons, short answers, distinguish-properties and uses, the number of points should be as per the marks allotted for the specific answer.  6. WRITE GOOD CRISP ANSWERSIn subjective papers, examiners have to read a lot of text. Many answer sheets contain long blocks of text which are very inconvenient for the examiners to check. Whenever possible, write your answers in bullet points one below the other. Always write short paragraphs with just enough explanation of each point: not too much, not too little. Many of our professors who have also been board moderators say that this single mistake can cause good students to lose up to 4-5 marks in the paper. Make sure you do not make this mistake. 7. DRAW SIMPLE & NEAT DIAGRAMThe goal of drawing a diagram in any SSC paper is to show the examiner that you know the name and location of various parts. Many students lose marks because their diagrams are too complicated. A simple, clear diagram that you can draw in a minute or two is much better than an artistic diagram with too much detail. The labeling must be in FULL CAPS and the diagram should have a Title. 8. RECHECK YOUR PAPER PERFECTLYExaminers don’t read 100% of your paper, word-by-word; they look for the keywords. Many times under exam pressure while writing fast, we may skip writing few keywords in some answers even though we know them. Carefully rechecking your paper is the ONLY way you can spot errors and rectify them. 9. ATTEMPT OPTIONAL QUESTIONYear after year, many students leave the examination hall before time. Since there are no marks for leaving early, its better to attempt extra questions so that in case you miss out a point in one question you can make it up in another. Attempting extra questions is a good strategy employed by top ranking students year after year but this has to be done only if you are left with time after completely re-checking your paper. 10. GET READY TO SUBMITAfter tying your papers neatly,  and thoroughly rechecking  your paper you can further improve it by drawing neat lines between two answers, underlining the important sentences etc. Adding the final touches should only be done if you are left  with time after completely rechecking your paper. This will definitely add a nice feel to your SSC exam papers.

Remember, getting excited about writing your SSC papers will automatically improve your actual performance. So feel confident and write the PERFECT SSC papers that you can. Best Wishes for your academic success. All  the best.

Launch Time Tables

Name of the Launch Operator  Alibag Bus Launch from Mandawa

JettryLaunch from Gateway

of India, Mumbai Fares

PNP (A/c Catamarans)

8:10, 10:10, 12:10, 14:10, 16:10, 18:30

09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00, 19:30

8:10, 10:10, 12:10, 14:10, 16:10, 18:30

Catamaran :A/C LD, A/C & Non-A/C UD: Rs.100/-

AJANTA(Ferry Boats & Catamarans)

6:55, 7:45, 9:45, 10:30, 11:30, 13:00, 14:30, 15:30,

16:30, 17:30, 18:00

7:30, 8:30, 10:30, 11:15, 12:15, 13:45, 15:15, 16:15,

17:15, 18:15, 18:45

6:15, 7:15, 9:15, 10:00, 11:00, 12:30, 14:00, 15:00, 16:00, 17:00,

17:30

Ferry Boat LD & UD : Rs. 55/-

MALDAR (Ferry Boats & Catamarans)

 8:45, 11:45, 13:45, 15:45, 16:00 

9:30, 12:30, 14:30, 16:30, 18:45 

8:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30, 17:45 

Catamaran :LD : Rs.70/-UD : Rs.90/-AC : Rs.100

LD : Lower Deck ,  UD : Upper Deck    Note : Timings are subjected to be change by concerned Launch Operator without prior notice. In case of storm and rough sea,

launch services gets cancelled.

PNP Maritime Services Pvt. Ltd. Phone No.s : Alibag - (02141) 225403, Mandawa - (02141) 237087, Mumbai - (022) 22885220, 22885221, 

MALDAR Catamarans  Phone No.s : Alibag - (02141) 223746, Mandawa - (02141) 2237464, Mumbai - (022) 22829695

AJANTA (Jal-Vahatuk Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit) Phone No.s : Alibag - (02141) 224437, Mandawa - (02141) 237550, Mumbai - (022) 22026364,  22023585, 2287547

Launch Services for Alibag to Mumbai:  

Boat services are available mostly from month of September to May. Boat services do not operate during monsoon season. There are mainly three service operators extending services Viz PNP, Ajanta and Maldar. Catamaran services offering air conditioned and non-air-conditioned travel, normal ferry boats service for cost effective travel etc.  Mostly service is available between 6.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m. Travel duration from Gateway of India to Mandwa port is one hour. From Alibag to Mandwa Jetty vice versa, there is free of cost bus service provided by operators.  

 Launch Time Tables  

Name of the Launch Operator  Alibag Bus Boat from Mandwa

JettyBoat from Gateway of India, Mumbai

ApproximateFares

PNP (A/C Catamarans)

8:10, 10:10, 12:10, 14:10, 16:10, 18:30

09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00, 19:30

8:10, 10:10, 12:10, 14:10, 16:10, 18:30

Catamaran :A/C LD, A/C & Non-A/C UD: Rs.110/-

AJANTA(Ferry Boats & Catamarans)

6:55, 7:45, 9:45, 10:30, 11:30, 13:00, 14:30, 15:30, 16:30, 17:30, 18:00

7:30, 8:30, 10:30, 11:15, 12:15, 13:45, 15:15, 16:15, 17:15, 18:15, 18:45

6:15, 7:15, 9:15, 10:00, 11:00, 12:30, 14:00, 15:00, 16:00, 17:00, 17:30

Ferry Boat LD & UD : Rs. 65/-

MALDAR (Ferry Boats & Catamarans)

 8:45, 11:45, 13:45, 15:45, 16:00 

9:30, 12:30, 14:30, 16:30, 18:45 

8:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30, 17:45 

Catamaran :LD : Rs.80/-AC : Rs.100

LD: Lower Deck, UD: Upper Deck    Note: Timings are subjected to be change by concerned Launch Operator without prior notice. In case of storm and rough sea, launch services gets cancelled.

PNP Maritime Services Pvt. Ltd. Phone No’s: Alibag - (02141) 225403, Mandawa - (02141) 237087, Mumbai - (022) 22885220, 22885221, 

MALDAR Catamarans  Phone No.s : Alibag - (02141) 223746, Mandawa - (02141) 2237464, Mumbai - (022) 22829695

AJANTA (Jal-Vahatuk Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit) Phone No.s : Alibag - (02141) 224437, Mandawa - (02141) 237550, Mumbai - (022) 22026364,  22023585, 2287547

seashore Kihim Beach :: 3 min.walk Mandwa Beach :: 9 kms Alibaug Beach :: 12 kms Nagaon Beach :: 16 kms Kashid Beach :: 40 kms Murud Beach :: 58 kms

forts Kolaba Fort :: 14 kms Janjira Fort :: 45 kms Khanderi :: Underi :: Korlai Fort ::

others Jerusalem Gate : 2 kms Karmarkar Shilpalaya : 7 kms

Phansad Sanctury : 7 kms from Murud Magnetic Observatory, Alibaug : Sawatkada Falls :