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7/30/2019 New Media Journalism
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MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
For a complete list of related links see:
http://homepages.uel.ac.uk/U.Krautmacher
> External Links
or
http://del.icio.us/UELuk/MewMediaJournalism
New Media Journalism
Links
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MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Journalism
New Media Theory & Journalism
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
1. What defines New Mediaand how does that relate toJournalism Practices?
2. Can the Internet beconsidered as a massmedium?
3. What distinguishes NewMedia Journalism from oldMedia Journalism?
New Media Theory & Journalism
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New Media Theory & Journalism
Manovich, Lev (2001)
The Language of New Media
Lev Manovich: The Languageof New Media
"To understand the logic of newmedia, we need to turn tocomputer science."
Definition of New Media:
Numerical Representation
Automation
Variability
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
Manovich, Lev (2001)
The Language of New Media
Numerical RepresentationInformation is translated tonumbers
The computer - used as atypewriter - translates wordsinto binary code without evenbringing it to the journalist'sattention.
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New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
Manovich, Lev (2001)
The Language of New Media
Automation"human intentionality can beremoved from the creativeprocess, at least in part."
Examples from Word Processing:auto-formating, lay-out-templates, spell-check, exceltable-calculations
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
Manovich, Lev (2001)
The Language of New Media
Variability"A new media object (...) canexist in different, potentiallyinfinite versions."
Example: Dynamic web-sitesgenerated from databases;might change work practices ofjournalists
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New Media Theory & Journalism
Morris, M. and Ogan,C.(1996), The Internet
as Mass Medium in:Journal of Communication
Vol. 46 (1)
The Internet - a MassMedium?
Network medium v mass-medium; Rheingold: "Apatchwork product"
'Mass society' -> 'massmedium' do not reflectcomplexities of society
"As technology changes andmedia converge, researchcategories (of mass media) mustbecome flexible."
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
The Internet - a MassMedium?
Internet communication:synchronous and asynchronouscommunication; one-to-one,one-to many and many-to-manyconfigurations
The Internet plays withfeatures of the traditional masscommunication-model; contentand audiences are extremelyvaried
Morris, M. and Ogan,C.(1996), The Internet
as Mass Medium in:Journal of Communication
Vol. 46 (1)
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New Media Theory & Journalism
Morris, M. and Ogan,C.(1996), The Internet
as Mass Medium in:Journal of Communication
Vol. 46 (1)
The Internet - a MassMedium?
Example for the playfulness ofthe Internet: 'Podcasting'(combination of ipod andbroadcasting)
"What becomes clear is thatneither mass nor medium can be
precisely defined for allsituations, but instead must becontinually rearticulateddepending on the situation."
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
Walker, John (2003) 'TheDigital Imprimateur - How
Big Brother and Big MediaCan Put the Internet
Genie Back in the
Bottle'[online] available:
http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/digital-
imprimatur/
The Internet - a MassMedium?
Media corporations have ahuge interest in defining andemploying the Internet as atraditional 'mass medium'
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New Media Theory & Journalism
Wiggins, Richard (2001),The Effects of September
11 on the Leading SearchEngine First Monday,
Vol. 7 (10) [online]
Available: http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_10
/wiggins/
The Internet - a MassMedium?
Being technically a one-to-onemedium, the Internet turns(sometimes) into a traditionalmass-medium; example: 9/11
How Google transformed from asearch-engine to a major
information-portal
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MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
The Internet - a MassMedium?
Wiggins, Richard (2001),The Effects of September
11 on the Leading SearchEngine First Monday,
Vol. 7 (10) [online]
Available: http://firstmon
day.org/issues/issue6_10/wiggins/
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New Media Theory & Journalism
Deuze, M.(2001)
Understanding the
Impact of the Internet:On New Media
Professionalism, Mindsets
and Buzzwords,eJournalist (Australia),
[online] Available: http://www.ejournalism.au.com/ejournalist/deuze.pdf
Theorising New MediaJournalism
The advent of cyberspace willinevitably impact on the factorswhich show how journalism getsdone - and may well even colourhow we define what journalismis. (Dahlgren in: Deuze 2001)
Theorising New MediaJournalism
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Theory & Journalism
Deuze, M.(2001)
Understanding the
Impact of the Internet:On New Media
Professionalism, Mindsets
and Buzzwords,
eJournalist (Australia),[online] Available: http://
www.ejournalism.au.com/ejournalist/deuze.pdf
Theorising New MediaJournalism
New Media Journalism embracesthe network character of theWeb and the variability of digitalmedia:
Hypertextuality
Multimediality
Interactivity
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New Media Practice & Journalism
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
1. Benefits of the Internet
2. Quality of Web basedjournalism
3. How can journalists make aliving in the 'gift culture'
4. New Modes of Reading -
new modes of writing? Dojournalists have to learn howto write for the Web?
New Media Practice & Journalism
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Benefits for Journalists
The WWW offers a hugepotential for education andtraining; Example from UEL:Rising Easthttp://www.uel.ac.uk/risingeast/
The WWW is a vast researchfield for journalists
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Practice & Journalism
Quality of Online JournalismProducts
Traditional mass-media have aset of rules and mechanisms toassure quality; on the Internet,quality assurance is mostlyplaced on the user/reader
Offline and Online journalismbases on the same ethicprinciples UK Code of JournalismEthicshttp://www.uta.fi/ethicnet/ukind
ex.html
Reddick, R. and King,E. (2001) The Online
Journalist: Using theInternet and Other
Electronic Resources
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New Media Practice & Journalism
Quality of Online JournalismProducts
Online Journalists need to takeinto account:
- Editorial responsibility forselection of hyperlinks
- Legal responsibility for external
links?
- Readers might not get thecontext (selective reading)
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Practice & Journalism
Making a living in the 'Gift-Culture'
Unlimited availability hasalways been a defining featureof the Internet and theWorldWideWeb
Gift-Culture: benefiting fromequally giving and taking
Today, eCommerce is slowlybut surely making its way to asubstantial economic platform
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New Media Practice & Journalism
Making a living in the 'Gift-Culture'
Today's online publishingpractice: giving little for free,giving more for money
Last year, publishers weremaking profit from onlinebusiness for the first time
Online Journalism Review,
[online] Available:http://www.ojr.org
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Practice & Journalism
New modes of reading - newmodes of writing?
How to read 'Hypertext'? TheInternet is different from linearmedia: variability, hyperlinks,wealth of information
Dan Harries: "Viewsers arethe new connected consumerswho find entertainment pleasurein the multitasking activitiesbeing promoted through their pcand tv screens.
Harries, Dan(2002) Watching the
internet in ed. Harries,Dan,The New Media
Book
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New modes of reading - newmodes of writing?
How do people read on theWeb? Jacob Nielsen: "Theydon't" - They scan the page!
Text for the Web needs to bewritten in a way that allowspeople to scan it
Nielsen, Jacob (1997)'How users read on the
Web', Alertbox, [online]Available:
http://www.useit.com/ale
rtbox/9710a.html
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
New Media Practice & Journalism
Scannable text (J. Nielsen):
- highlighted keywords
- meaningful sub-headings
- bulleted lists
- one idea per paragraph
- the inverted pyramid style
- half the word count
Nielsen, Jacob (1997)'How users read on the
Web', Alertbox, [online]Available:
http://www.useit.com/ale
rtbox/9710a.html
Scannable text (J. Nielsen):
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New Media Practice & Journalism
New modes of reading - newmodes of writing?
Many useful tips online and inspecial books
1200 links for Internet writers:http://www.internetwriter.co.uk/chapters/index.htm
Dorner, Jane (2003)Writing for the Internet
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
Blogs and Journalism
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Blogs and Journalism
"Blogs will drive a powerful newform of amateur journalism asmillions of Net users take on therole of columnist, reporter,analyst and publisher whilefashioning their own personalbroadcasting networks."
Lasica, J.D. (2001)Blogging as a Form of
Journalism, in: OnlineJournalism Review, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/w
orkplace/1017958873.php
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
Blogs and Journalism
1. What is a Blog?
2. Why do people write/readBlogs
3. Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?
4. Example: The London
bombings
5. Concluding thoughts: Theage of participatory media
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Blogs and Journalism
Conniff, M. (2005) Justwhat is a blog anyway?,
in: Online JournalismReview, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/st
ories/050929/
What is a blog?
Jeff Jarvis, blogger:
"A blog is merely a tool that letsyou do anything from changethe world to share yourshopping list."
What is a blog?
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
Blogs and Journalism
Conniff, M. (2005) Justwhat is a blog anyway?,
in: Online JournalismReview, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:
http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050929/
What is a blog?
"Blog" = Web Log(ging); aparticular Web-genre ofinteractive diaries
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Blogs and Journalism
Conniff, M. (2005) Justwhat is a blog anyway?,
in: Online JournalismReview, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/st
ories/050929/
Common blog features
- reverse chronology
- unfiltered content
- comments
- links
- informal attitude
- appropriated text/pictures- (unemotional, informational
look of a dynamic website)
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
Blogs and Journalism
Lasica, J.C.. (2002)Weblog - a new source of
news, in: OnlineJournalism Review, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:
http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1017958782.php
Why do people write blogs?
- Creative freedom
- Instantaneity
- Interactivity
- Lack of marketing constraints
- Unmediated quality
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Blogs and Journalism
Lasica, J.C.. (2002)Weblog - a new source of
news, in: OnlineJournalism Review, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/w
orkplace/1017958782.php
Why do people write blogs?
- Conversational need?
Doc Searls, senior editor forLinux Journal:
"I don't want an audience. I feelI'm writing stuff that's part of aconversation. Conversations
don't have audiences."
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
Blogs and Journalism
Lasica, J.C.. (2002)Weblog - a new source of
news, in: OnlineJournalism Review, USC
Annenberg [online]
Available:
http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1017958782.php
Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?
"Blogs will supplement, notsupplant, traditional media."
Doc Searls: "Weblogs will informold media. They will increasinglybe a source of information thattraditional media will rely on."
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Blogs and Journalism
MacKinnon, R. (2005)Conference Report:
BLOGGING, JOURNALISM& CREDIBILITY:
Battleground and
Common Ground,[online] Available:
http://cyber.law.harvard.edu:8080/webcred/wp-content/CONFREPORT2.ht
m
Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?
"Strengthening the publicdiscourse, and strengtheningdemocracy, is indeed thecommon ground shared byprofessional journalists,bloggers, wikipedians and othersinvolved in the creation of
grassroots media."
New Media Journalism
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Blogs and Journalism
Naughton, J. (2005)'Journalists must stop
being in denial: Bloggersare here to stay',
Observer 29.5.2005
[online] Available:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,5
673,1494684,00.html
Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?
"Blogging won't wipe outjournalism, for the simplereason that journalism requiresskills and resources thatbloggers will never have. But itwill improve the practice of ourtrade."
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Blogs and Journalism
Blood, R. (2003) Weblogsand Journalism in the Age
of Participatory Media[online] Available:
http://www.rebeccablood.
net/essays/weblogs_journalism.html
Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?
"I prefer the term participatorymedia for the bloggers practiceof actively highlighting andframing the news that isreported by journalists, apractice potentially as importantas - but different from -
journalism.
New Media Journalism
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Blogs and Journalism
Example: The LondonBombings 07/2005
The pathway of an iconicpicture: Camera Phone - Blog -Wikipedia - AP - BBC
Braker, B. 'History's NewFirst Draft - More than
ever before, citizenjournalists provided some
of the best coverage on
Thursday's London
bombings', Newsweekonline, 9.7.2005,
Available: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8512552
/site/newsweek/
Example: The LondonBombings 07/2005
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Blogs and Journalism
Links for Blog Enthusiasts:
http://www.blogger.com
http://www.wordpress.com
http://www.typepad.com
London-Bloggers:
http://londonbloggers.iamcal.co
m/
UK based blogger site
specialised in mobile phone
photography:
http://moblog.co.uk/index.php
Links for Blog Enthusiasts:
New Media Journalism
MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext
Blogs and Journalism
The age of 'participatorymedia'
Grasroot journalism:handmade newspapers, video-screenings, public-access radioand tv, community broadcasting
Open-source movement andcountercultural activists haveestablished a 'perfect' platformfor free forms of expression: theInternet
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Blogs and Journalism
The age of 'participatorymedia'
Blogs, Wikis & Podcasts areonline narrative genres thatremediate recent forms of'participatory media'
These genres revive the ideaof the 'empowerment of the
reader' by new media
New Media Journalism
suggested literature
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suggested literature
New Media Journalism
suggested literature
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suggested literature