New Media in Academic Programs

13.10.2006

Issues about new media

Look back

New media as academic programs

• New Media master programs

• Explore

What agencies are involved?

Whose concern is the development of new media? Who should lead the development?

ICT industry? Impacts of technology on people? (Techno-drivenness)

People modifying technology?

Educational programs at schools and universities

Research institutions

Industry enterprises, big money

Organizations

EU, states, municipalities

• Development strategies, funding

• EU level

People communities, organizations

• Disappearing technologies: analog TV

Starting points to new media researchMedia as extensions of mind

McLuhan…Media as mass production

Benjamin…New as postmodern

Baudrillard…Economics of information

Arrow & JonscherMachlup (1962)Porat (1977)Nora & Minc

Information as economic goodValue of information workPost-industrial society

Bell (1973)Employment

Space and timeGiddens (1979)

Surveillance and control mediaPrivacy issueGiddens 1979Beniger (1986)

Internet not under First AmendmentExtended social presence, telepresence

Teleconferencing Short et al. (1976)Media as power

Mass media society - information society – network societyParker (1973)

New (at 70’s tech that did not fit to theories of mass mediaTelephoneVideotex

Audio and video teleconferencingPhotocopying

FaxCMC

ArpanetAttitudes on new technologies

LegalExtending laws from old ‘paper-based’ to new media

Information society theoriesCastells

Shields and SamarajivaIto (1981): johoka shahaiCultural-critical studies

Focused on contentPolitical economy, Marxist view

Bourdieu: Relation between economy and cultureFoucault linking technology to administrative imperatives

Modernity and social changeBell

Habermas’ theory of public sphereGiddens’ structuration

⇨ connected new media tech to cd-determination and actionBritish

Cultural/critical approachMedia and powerCritical studies

New media reinforcing existing power:Technological determinism vs. social shaping of technology

Tech has power to driven human actionsTechnologies are remade by the things users do with them (Lievrouw)

Social shaping approachPICT – Virtual Society?

Impacts of new mediaPalmqvist (1992)Globalization

Issues: Gender

Digital divideRogers 1995

Parker and Hudson (1975)Parker and Mohammadi (1977)

Equality and digital divide wrt. geography, gender, age,

economical status, education disabilities...

Intellectual property rights: open vs. closed, public -

private...

Security

Privacy

Education

• New media litteracy

• What is lost?

• Quality education, additional value of ICT

Citizens’ Initiative Community

Who has the power?

=>Citizen’s Initiative Game

Theories of media and theories of technology

• Theories of technology (in general)

What theories are there about media?

• Media studies– McLuhan, Baudrillard, Benjamin...

• Socio-economical considerations– Network society theory (Castells)

• Cognitive and Psychological theories– learning as knowledge construction (Bruner, Vygotsky...)– learning as knowledge sharing (Vygotsky)– exploration (Neisser etc.)

Historical perspectives

• History of (media) technology, media arcaeology (Huhtamo)

• History of media as a means of power

• History of homo ludens (Huizinga 1950)