AssociateProfessorPeterHeslin

LeveragingMindsetsforEffec3veLeadership

Mindsets….createamentalframeworkthatguidesthewaypeople:

→ seethemselvesandothers

→ frame…interpret…respond…tochallenges

AgendaNatureofmindsets

Impacton:

→  Individuals’learningandperformance

→ Leadershipeffec3veness

Fosteringgrowthmindsets

… implicit beliefs/assumptions about the stability of personal attributes Growth mindset:

Intelligence, personality & abilities are malleable

Fixed mindset: Intelligence, personality & abilities are largely stable

Capacity of the human brain is essentially…

Mindsets

Dopeoplehavemorethanonemindset?Mindsetscandependon:→ Targetedability:

→ Targetedperson:

→ Prevailingmindsetcues: Talented,brilliant…vs.Workedhard,nicestrategy

ExamplesofMindsets

Somepeoplehavedevelopedcertainskillsmorethanothers

Somepeoplehavemoreinnateabilitythanothers

Ihavenotyetmasteredpresen:ngmydesigns

I’mjustnotnaturallygi6edatpresen:ngmydesigns

DiagnosingMindsetsSurveyques3ons:→  Youhaveacertainamountofintelligenceandyoucan’treallydomuchtochangeit→  AsmuchasIhatetoadmitit,youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks

1StronglyAgree

6StrongDisagree

MindsetResearchDesignsStep1:Assesschronicmindsetsorinducemindsets(e.g.,byframingataskasdesigned

todiagnosevsdevelopabilitylevels)Step2:Assesshowpeoplethink,feel,actand/orinteractasafuncGonoftheirmindset

AgendaNatureofmindsets

Impacton:

→  Individuals’learningandperformance

OpennesstoLearn

Hongetal.(1999)1styearuniversitystudents

MentalFocus

Mangelsetal.(2006)Undergraduatestudents

FeedbackSeeking

Study1:Mindsets→30%ofmanagers’negaGvefeedbackseeking

Study2:Why?

Study3:Whysocostly?

ValuableCostly

HarshjudgmentofabiliGes

HelpfulinformaGon

Heslin&VandeWalle(2005)EMBAstudents

Fixed,innatecapabiliGes(e.g.,IQ,technicalapGtude)

Whatcausedthedisappoin9ngresult?Acquired/acquirableskills

(e.g.,technicalskills)

SituaGonaldeterminants(e.g.,coaching,resources,Gme)

Strategiesdeployed

(Levy&Dweck,1998)Undergraduates

Effortanda_enGonalfocus

ANribu3ons

Defensiveness

Yeager,Miu,Powers,&Dweck(2013)Schoolstudents

Themindislikeaparachute-itworksbestwhenitisopen

~DalaiLama

What’sthatfunnylookfor!

Aspira3ons

Heslin(2003)EMBAstudents

Agenda

Impacton:

→  Individuals’learningandperformance

→ Leadershipeffec3veness

Inspira3on

Hoyt,Burne_e,&Innella(2012)Undergradautes

Nego3a3on

KrayandHaselhuhn(2007)MBAstudents

Goodnego:atorsarebornthatway.

Everyoneisacertainkindofnego:atorandthereisnotmuchthatcanbedonetoreallychangethat.

1StronglyAgree

6StrongDisagree

GrowthmindsetFixedmindset

PoorPerformance StrongPerformance

PerformanceraGng

FirstImpressionBias

Recall how frustrating it is: Unable to reverse a poor first impression

Heslin,Latham,&VandeWalle(2005)managers

? ?

FirstImpressionBias

Heslin,Latham,&VandeWalle(2005)managers

ü xGrowthmindsetFixedmindset

PoorPerformanceStrongPerformance

PerformanceraGng

Ignore contrary information

Pilots

Security guards

Police

Surgeons

Paramedics

Bus drivers Military

Aerospace engineers

Customs agents

Vessel captains

Safety inspectors

Air traffic controllers

Coaching

Quan3ty

Quality

Heslin,VandeWalle,&Latham(2006)Managers

LeadershipEffec3veness

Heslin&VandeWalle(2011)Managers

ProceduralJusGce

OrganizaGonalcommitment

Willingnesstogotheextramile

.53

.40

.30.51

Summary:MindsetsDrive…Individuals’

→ OpennesstoLearning

→ Mentalfocus

→ Feedbackseeking

→ A_ribuGons

→ Defensiveness

→ AspiraGons

Leaders’

→  InspiraGon

→ NegoGaGoneffecGveness

→ Firstimpressionbias

→ Coaching

→ OveralleffecGveness

GrowthMindsets

FixedMindsets

Explorer-areeagertodiscovernewideasandinsights.Theywanttolearneverythingtheycanaboutthesprint/release/project.

Shopper-willlookoveralltheavailableinformaGon,andwillbehappytogohomewithoneusefulnewidea.Vaca3oner-aren’tinterestedintheworkoftheretrospecGve,butarehappytobeawayfromthedailygrind.Theymaypaya_enGon,butaremostlygladtobeoutoftheoffice.

Prisoner-feelsthatthey’vebeenforcedtoa_endandwouldratherbedoingsomethingelse.

h_p://www.markhneedham.com/blog/2012/10/27/retrospecGves-an-alternaGve-safety-check/

Retrospec3ves:ASafetyCheck WithregardtoaretrospecGveyou’reabouttoparGcipatein,

Gckonananonymouschecklistwhetheryoufeelmostlikea:

Howmightaperson’smindsetaffecthowtheyapproacharetrospec9ve?Why?IfthereareasignificantnumberofvacaGonersandprisoners,dealwiththatissuefirst.

AgendaNatureofmindsets

Impacton:

→  Individuals’learningandperformance

→ Leadershipeffec3veness

Fosteringgrowthmindsets

SourcesofMindsets

Parents’mindsets?

Parents’responsestofailure?

ComforGngtheme.g.,Itdoesn'tmaMerthatyoulackthisability

DoubGngtheirchild'sability

Construingfailuresasachancetolearn

Encouraginghelpseeking

(Haimovitz&Dweck,2016)

→

Expressingconfidencetheycanimprove

Beingupsetbyfailures

Genius Growth

“Bestandbrightest” Experiences,mo:va:onRecruit/Select

TalentAcquisi3on

Appraisals

Recrui3ng(En3ce) Developmentopportuni:esElitestatus

Buyfromexternalmarket Cul:vateinternaltalent

Norma:ve&differen:ated

Dismiss“Cplayers”

Rela:vetostandards

PoorPerformers Developfirst

DevelopmentResourcesFocuson“Aplayers” Allocaterela:velyevenly

Reten3onCompe::vestatussymbols Challenge,s:mula:on,growth

Cultureof:

Growthmindset

Success/failureReflectinherenttalent Reflecteffort/strategies

HigheffortIndicateslowability NeededtorealisepotenGal

Largelyinnate LargelydevelopedTalent

ErrorsIndicateinepGtude Indicatewhatnottodo

(Dweck,1999,2006;Heslin,2003;Robins&Pals,2002;Tabernero&Wood,1999;VandeWalle,1997Wood&Bandura,1989)

DiagnosGcoftalent ReflectcurrentskillIni3alperformances

Fixedmindset

HowLeadersCreateMindsetCultures

ChallengesTestcompetence Opportunitytoexplore/learn

Powerfulmessagesmightbe(uninten:onally)conveyedby…

Statementsregarding:

Exercise:Whatcommentsbyleaderscouldcreatea:

HowLeadersCreateMindsetCultures

GrowthMindsetculture?FixedMindsetCulture?

You’rearealstar!

Chrishasnoknackforthiswork

Hejustcan’tcutit&neverwill

WatchJan,ourstarperformer

Sheperformseffortlessly

Chrisjustneedstotryadifferentapproach

WhynotseewhatyoucanlearnaboutthatfromJan

Hehasawaytogo,atthisstage

Lookwhathardworkyields…

You’veexcelledyourself

Cul9vateYourGrowthMindset:AlwaysBeLearning1.Establishlearninggoals-regardingpreciselywhatyouwanttolearntodoe.g.,“I/

wewanttolearnhowto…”

2.Iden3fyyourgrowthedge(s)-themostimportantthing(s)tolearnnext.

3.Ascertainthemostsuitablelearningmethods,suchas:(i)  consulGnganexpert(ii)  coaching(iii) observaGon(iv)  inquiringaboutothers’learningjourneys(v)  experimentaGon,and/or(vi) deliberaGvepracGce.

4.Seta3meframeforamasteringyourgrowthedge(s)

5.Gettowork!Heslin(underreview)

→  No9cewhenyouslipintoafixedmindset

Thisisjustnotoneofmystrengths Whatstrategy

mightworkbeMer?

I’mtoooldforthisIjustdon’thaveit

inme

ClearlyI’mnotcutoutforthis

ThereisNOTHINGelseIcando

Itried…andfailed…that’sIT!

→  Replacesuchstatementswithgrowth-mindedself-talk

Icanlearntodothis

Ijustneedtobreatheanddomybest

Withfocusandconcertedeffort,Icanimprove

Learninganythingisaprocess

FailurejustmeansIcan’tdoit…yet

Cul9vateYourGrowthMindset:ArerSetbacks

and/or

Whoisapersonregardingwhomyoucouldholdmoreofagrowth

mindset?

Whatisataskregardingwhichyoucouldusefullyholdmoreofa

growthmindset?

Whatwillyoudotofosterandsustainyourgrowthmindset?