NEW JET TURBINE WILL BOOST ENERGY EFFICIENCY

U . S . D E P A R T M E N T O F E N E R G Y

U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A

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A M O N T H L Y P U B L I C A T I O N O F LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

NEW JET TURBINE WILL BOOSTENERGY EFFICIENCYUNIQUE BLADE COOLING STRATEGY

AT THE HEART OF THE CONCEPT

L os Alamos researchers recently unveiled an innovative design concept for a jet engine

turbine with the potential to significantly alter theworld of turbine engines. The revolutionary designshould be able to achieve better energy efficiencyby being able to run at higher temperaturesbecause of a unique turbine blade cooling strategy.In jet aircraft engines, approximately 30 percent ofcompressor air is lost to secondary cooling needs toprevent meltdown of the engine. The new Los Alamosconcept engine potentially eliminates this loss ofefficiency as well. Before a prototype of the turbine canbe built, the new design must be modeled. TheLaboratory’s powerful supercomputers easily can accom-

plish this complex modeling simulation. Los Alamos is looking for industrialpartners to help develop this new turbine design.

A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THEPUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE OF

LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY, ANAFFIRMATIVE ACTION / EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER, IS OPERATED BY THE UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT

OF ENERGY UNDER CONTRACTNO. W-7405-ENG-36

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A M O N T H L Y P U B L I C A T I O N O F 2 LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

EDITORMeredith Coonley

SENIOR SCIENCE WRITERTodd Hanson

EDITORIAL COORDINATORJudith Goldie

E-m ail the Dateline staff at: [email protected]

CONTRIBUTING EDITORJohn A. Webster

CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOREdwin Vigil

CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERSJohn Bass • LeRoy N. Sanchez • Greg Valentine

CONTRIBUTING WRITERSTernel Martinez • Kay Roybal

PRINTING COORDINATORG.D. Archuleta


PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE, MS C177

LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545

Advanced computer modeling of engines and turbines is an area wherethe Laboratory excels. In 1994 Los Alamos researchers helped GeneralElectric’s Aircraft Engine Division develop and validate a three-dimensional computer model of composite aircraft fan blades. For moreon that work, see the June 1994 issue of Dateline: Los Alamos.

Over the past several years, KIVA, a three-dimensional computer code forthe analysis of chemically reacting flows with sprays, like those found inengines, has been under development at Los Alamos. KIVA already hasfound widespread application and acceptance in the automotive industry.

The rewards of turbine research are many. A new jet engine turbinedesign providing as little as 1 percent improved energy efficiency couldmean savings of hundreds of gallons of fuel per flight resulting inmillions of dollars in annual savings for the airline industry and itscustomers. Other advantages, many in the area of national defense,include the development of advanced jet aircraft that could fly faster orfarther on a single tank of fuel.

Researchers believe the new turbine design will have its biggest impactin conditions in which small turbines are used, rather than aircraftpropulsion. For example, there is significant potential for use in the areaof distributed power generation, in which small turbine engines areslowly being introduced as backup or replacement electrical power

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generators for business and industry. Electric power consumers alsowould likely benefit because any improvements to the electricity-generating turbines used by electric utilities should have significanteconomic and environmental rewards.

A turbine is the technological marvel at the heart of a jetengine. Located downstream in the superheated confines of anengine’s combustion chamber, the turbine is the result of

decades of technological advances. These advances have madeturbine engines some of the most efficient and reliable sources of

propulsion and electrical power, but this efficiency comes at great expense.

Precisely formed by complex investment casting from expensive and exotic“super alloys,” a turbine extracts energy from the fast-moving flow ofburning fuel and compressed air. The turbine acts like a windmill in thecenter of this fiery flow of fuel and air. As the blades of the turbine turn,energy is generated to power the engine’s compressor and fans that are used,in turn, to compress the air flowing into the front of the engine. The rest ofthe energy produced by the burning fuel is used to propel the plane or, inthe case of turbines used in electrical power plants, to generate power.

TURBINES THROUGH THE AGES

For more than 2,000 years humankind has sought to perfect the gas jet engineand the turbines they conta in.

The h istory of the turbine begins in Egypt with Hero of A lexandr ia ’s d iscovery ofjet propuls ion in 150 B.C. Hero invented a rotated dev ice p laced on top of a

boi l ing pot that was propel led by the effect of steam ex it ing severa l nozz lesarranged radia l ly around a hol low meta l sphere. Hero ca l led h is invent ion an aeol ip i le .

A l though only a toy, the aeol ip i le proved to be an effect ive, i f rudimentary,demonstrat ion of jet propuls ion.

In 1687 S i r I saac Newton formulated the sc ient i f ic pr inc ip lebehind Hero’s machine. Newton’s th ird law of mot ion statesthat for every act ion there is an equal and opposite react ion.In Hero’s aeol ip i le , the jets of steam escaping from thenozzles are the act ion, the sp inning of the sphere thereact ion. Newton des igned a jet-propel led carr iage, whichhe ca l led Newton’s Wagon, to test th is act ion-react ionpr inc ip le . A water-f i l led sphere was heated by f i re , creat ingsteam that jetted from a large nozz le projected outfrom the sphere. As the steam escaped from thenozzle i t was supposed to propel the wagon forward.I t d idn’t — Newton’s engine lacked suff ic ient powerto move the wagon anywhere. Newton’s Wagon lackeda turbine, but embodied the react ion engine.

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Los Alamos scientists have long known that if turbine technology is toadvance, new and innovative designs and materials must be developedthat go beyond the current limits imposed by both metallurgy and theprinciples of aerodynamics.

The current generation of jet turbines, for example, requires precisionforming of expensive alloys making them extremely complicated andexpensive to manufacture. Because the environment in which theyoperate is harsh, even the highest quality turbines face limited lifespanscaused by unforgiving heat and physical wear.

Fundamentally, the higher the firing temperature in a gas turbine themore efficient it is. However, most of the metals used for jet engineturbines already have been pushed to their limits. Some turbine partscurrently are being formed from large single crystals to achieve thehighest possible melting points and maximum strength.

Most existing turbine designs incorporate extremely complex cooling andairflow strategies, but even these have their limits. Los Alamos’ new turbinedesign incorporates a cooling strategy for the turbine nozzles and bladesthat allows the engine to run hotter, yet simplifies the engine structure.

Turbine research at Los Alamos is conducted in various disciplines. In thepast, some of the funding has been provided jointly by the Department ofEnergy’s Office of Industrial Technologies and the Office of Fossil Energyunder the auspices of the Advanced Turbine Systems Program.

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Today’s gas turbine engines st i l l re ly on Newton’s th ird law of mot ion, but use turbines topower the engine’s compressor. The turbine is connected to the

compressor by a rotat ing ax ia l shaft . A i r enter ing theengine f lows para l le l to th is shaft moving throughalternate rows of stat ionary and rotat ing sets , or

stages, of fan b lades – stators and rotors respect ive ly– that are arranged to s low the a i r pass ing through them and

thereby increas ing i ts pressure. These compressors can increase the pressure as much as25 t imes by the t ime i t passes through 16 stages of fan b lades.

Today, gas turbine engines are widely used for propuls ion as wel l as for generat ingelectr ica l energy. Hero and Newton would be proud.


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JAPAN ENLISTSLAB SCIENTISTS TO STUDY

ANCIENT COLORADOVOLCANO

RESEARCH WILL HELP IN CHOICE OF UNDERGROUND

NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORY

Astudy of a 34-million–year-old eroded, extinct volcano in southwestern Colorado will help the Japanese

government choose a safe site for a future undergroundnuclear waste repository. The recent eruption of Mount Usu near Date in northern Japanhighlights the dangers posed by the complex plate tectonic setting inwhich the Japanese islands lie. One of the most tectonically and volcani-cally active areas on the Earth, Japan has more than 200 active orrecently active volcanoes. And new volcanoes are known to form nearthe sites of existing ones.

Japan’s three main islands provide limited land mass for a largepopulation, making it difficult to find a site for safe geologic disposal ofhigh-level radioactive waste, necessary to a country that intends toincrease its reliance on nuclear power. To certify the safety of a reposi-tory for 100,000 years, the Japanese Nuclear Cycle Development

ÓThis i s one ofthe main d ikesof the SummerCoon volcano,with a natura larch known asLa Ventana. Thearch wasformed bynatura lfractures with inthe d ike. LaVentana is apopularrecreat ion s i te .

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Institute must understand the internal workings of nearby volcanoesand the range of their effects.

The completely exposed plumbing system of the Summer Coon volcanonear Del Norte, Colo., in the eastern foothills of the San Juan Mountainsallowed scientists from Los Alamos’ Earth and Environmental SciencesDivision to study effects for a volcano of similar size in Japan.

Laboratory scientists have been assessing volcanic risks forradioactive waste repositories since the late 1970s, in connec-tion with the Yucca Mountain project. In1994, a delegation fromvisited the project in Nevadato discuss a collaborationwith the Department

of Energy, anddiscussions continued over

several years. About 18months ago, the Institute

funded the Summer Coon project toadapt the Laboratory’s risk assessment

techniques to the Japanese problem.

“When Summer Coon was active, it probably looked likeMt. Fuji,” said volcanologist Greg Valentine. “We collected samples

that indicated that most of its activity occurred within a 200,000-yearspan, which is a good analog for the kinds of volcanoes in Japan.”

All of Japan’s dead and eroded volcanoes are covered by forest or brokenby faulting, which prevents study of their inner workings. The SummerCoon site is appealing for analog studies, because it is unfaulted andintact, and in a semi-arid climate, so rocks are well exposed.

“We are not so much interested in eruptions,” Valentine said. “It’s moreabout what’s going on underneath, because the repository will be under-ground. By studying an eroded volcano, we get an integrated picture ofwhat its plumbing was like through its life.”

Valentine, fellow Los Alamos geologists Frank Perry and GidayWoldeGabriel and New Mexico Tech student Emily Desmarais concen-trated their sampling last summer and fall on the central area that forms

Silicic DikesMafic Dikes

Summer Coon Volcano, Colorado(32 million years old)

3 kmVolcanoes in Japan

younger than0.5 million years

the main conduit for magma and the hundreds of dikes radiating fromthe center of the volcano. These long, narrow geological features arewhere the hot magma flowed into cracks and cooled, forming resistantridges harder than the surrounding or host rock.

As the host rock eroded, the dikes became prominently visible. Theresearchers split into two teams and measured the location of dikesaround half of the volcano using a global positioning system. They alsomeasured the width of the dikes and any indication of effects on thesurrounding rocks.

WoldeGabriel’s task was to study the nature of hydrothermal processes,the hot fluids associated with multiple volcanic activities, such as theradial dikes at Summer Coon. The study determined the extent ofhydrothermal alterations on the host rocks around the conduit in thecenter of the volcano, and around the various radial dikes.

“The hydrothermal processes transform the identity of the affectedrocks, and most minerals are not comfortable with hot water,”WoldeGabriel said. “Most rocks in the center of the volcano weretransformed beyond recognition and bleached white, but we found thatmost hydrothermalalterations next to theradial dikes are local-ized and quite limited.In fact, there were noeffects just 10 metersaway from the dikes.”

The hydrothermallyaltered rocks at thecenter of the volcanoand adjacent to thedikes record at leastthree types of hydro-thermal processes, andthe team is trying todetermine when thesealterations took place.

Based on the datacollected by countingand measuring thelengths of the dikes,

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ÓA large d ike atthe erodedSummer Coonvolcano in theeasternfoothi l l s of theSan JuanMounta ins insouthwesternColorado.

Perry developed a probability model for risk assessment using MonteCarlo simulations. The Monte Carlo method is based on taking randomsamples from probability distributions that, in this case, were distribu-tions for the length and orientation of the dikes.

“We needed to calculate the probability of a radial dike entering a repos-itory site, as a function of distance of a new volcano from the site,” Perrysaid. “If a new volcano forms within 5 or 6 kilometers of the repository,disruption of the repository is virtually guaranteed. As the distanceincreases from 5 to about 15 kilometers, the probability of disruptionrapidly decreases.

“There is essentially zero risk if the volcano forms at distances greaterthan 15 kilometers from the repository,” Perry said.

These results will help Japanese scientists determine how far away arepository needs to be from volcanic clusters, which will be part of thetotal equation in siting a repository. That process also must take intoaccount many socio-economic factors such as proximity to populationcenters in addition to others associated with the natural environment.

C O N T A C T : G R E G V A L E N T I N E

G E O A N A L Y S I S

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LOS ALAMOS TO ASSISTIN LINAC DESIGN

AND CONSTRUCTIONFIRST-OF-ITS-KIND PULSED-PROTON

ACCELERATOR GETS GO-AHEAD FROM DOE

T he linear accelerator for the Spallation Neutron Source Project, currently under construction at

Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, just gotsmaller and perhaps less expensive to operate once it’sup and running.The SNS Project is a collaboration involving Los Alamos, E.O.Lawrence Berkeley, Argonne, Oak Ridge and Brookhaven

national laboratories. (SeeDateline, February 2000.)

Scheduled to becomeoperational in 2005, theSNS will provide the

scientific andindustrial researchc o m m u n i t i e sworldwide with amuch more intensesource of neutronsthan currentlyavailable for con-ducting neutron

scattering experiments inmaterials science, con-densed matter, magnetismand many other fields.

Recently, the Department ofEnergy decided to pursue afirst-of-its-kind, pulsed-

proton super-conducting linear accelerator, orlinac, at the SNS instead of a next-generationroom-temperature linac. The new superconducting

HOW DOES

NEUTRON

SCATTERING

AFFECT OUR

LIVES?

Neutron scatter ingis used by a var ietyof sc ient i f icd isc ip l ines to studythe arrangement,the mot ion and theinteract ion ofatoms in mater ia ls .Neutron scatter ingis importantbecause i t prov idesva luableinformat ion thatoften cannot beobta ined us ingother techniques,such as opt ica lspectroscopies ,e lectronmicroscopy andX-ray d iffract ion.Sc ient ists need a l lthese techniques toprovide themaximum amountof informat ion onmater ia ls .

A l though notobvious to mostpeople, the fru itsof neutronscatter ing researchare theimprovements inthe range andqual i ty of productsused in oureveryday l ives .

Neutron scatter ing has been the key toobta in ing bas ic knowledge about

microstructures in o i l s andcreams, inc luding ice cream.

You can h it a golf ba l lfarther withthis dr iverbecause i tshead is madeof ana luminum-basedamorphousa l loy whosespecia lfeatures have

been eva luated by neutronscatter ing.

Intense neutronbeams wi l l offerc lues on prepar ingbetter surfaces ofwear- and corros ion-res istant a l loys foruse as h ipimplants .

linac will provide nominally two megawatts of beam power forproducing spallation neutrons in short pulses. The more beam power,the more neutrons available for experiments. By comparison, LosAlamos’ half-mile-long accelerator can provide up to 80 kilowatts ofbeam power for short-pulse spallation neutron production.

The new accelerator’s designand construction will beshared between LosAlamos and a new SNSProject partner, JeffersonLaboratory in NewportNews, Va.

The superconductinglinac actually is acombination of two

“warm” accelerator sectionsand two super-conducting,

or “cold,” sections.Jefferson Lab hasresponsibility for designand construction of thes u p e r c o n d u c t i n gniobium cavities, whichare cooled to 2.1 degreesabove absolute zeroinside cryomodulescontaining liquid

helium. Los Alamos, whichformerly was responsible forthe entire linac, retainsresponsibility for thefollowing areas:

• providing room-temperature cavity physics and beamphysics analyses for the entire linac;

• providing radio-frequency power, controls, diagnosticsand magnets for the superconducting cavities;

• providing radio-frequency power and chopper systems(which “chop” up the beam into segments before theyenter the linac) for the front end of the linac; and

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Shampoo is one of manycomplex f lu ids studied withneutrons whose molecularstructure changes as a one-direct ional force is appl ied,making the th ick l iquid th inenough to spread through ha ir .

Neutronscatter ingwi l l he lpsc ient istsdeterminethe bestpolymer b lends to make h igh-qual i ty p last ic products .

The Spal lat ionNeutron Source wi l lenable scientists toprobe smal lsamples such asthin f i lms for usein superconductormicrowave devicesfor cel l phonenetworks.

Pa int must bethick enough to st ick to your brush,yet th in enough when pushed tospread smoothly over a wal l . How themolecular structures of a complex f lu id changes

dur ing shearth inning (e .g. , bybrushing pa int on awal l ) can be seenus ing neutrons.

• providing and poweringthe high-energy beamtransfer cavities at the backend of the linac.

The new linac will be justover 300 meters long,much shorter than theroom-temperature linac,which would have been465 meters long. Despitethis, the superconductinglinac will cost about$15 million to $20million more to build.However the super-conducting linac willrequire less electricalpower to operate, sothe annual operatingcosts could be a fewmillion dollars less.

Los Alamos should have the engineeringdesign for its mechanical hardware sectionscompleted by the middle of next fiscal year.About $30 million in SNS procurementrequests will go out this fiscal year, with another $56 million inprocurement requests anticipated for next fiscal year.

C O N T A C T : B R U C E M I L L E R

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Neutronscatter ing hasbeen used todeterminehow best tomanufactureand weldpip ingmater ia ls foruse in o i lp ipe l ines toreduceres idualstresses andprevent crack ing and oi l leaks .

Thin f i lms that can be probed bythe SNS wi l l be used for nonvolat i lememory, extending the l i fe oflaptop computer batter ies .

Much of the Boeing 757 a i rp lane ismade of l ightweight p last ic .Neutron studies may lead to safer ,faster , more energy-eff ic ienta i rcraft .

SMART SHOPPINGRECYCLED STEEL PLATES FIND USE

AT NEW LOS ALAMOS SPECTROMETER

Saving money by recycling is a good thing. Saving hundreds of thousands of dollars doing it is a really good thing.

About 300 tons of steel plates formerly used as magnet yokes for a now-decommissioned particle accelerator at E.O. Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory will be used as shielding for Los Alamos’ new Spectrometer

for Materials Researchat Temperature andStress, or SMARTS. Thefirst load of platesarrived last month.

SMARTS is underconstruction at theManuel Lujan Jr.Neutron ScatteringCenter. When itbecomes operational,SMARTS will have theability to perform

nondestructive tests on objects that vary in size from a few millimetersto that of a modest-sized jet engine.

SMARTS is one of five new world-class spectrometers being constructedat the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center as part of the Short-pulsedSpallation Source Enhancement Project. The SPSS Project is fundedjointly by the Department of Energy’s Office of Defense Programs andOffice of Basic Energy Science.

The plates are approximately 20 feet long, three feet wide and a half-inch thick. They are bolted together in bunches of about 40 to 60, and atone time they comprised the central core of the magnet yoke in anhistorically important accelerator called the Bevatron.

First commissioned in February 1954, the Bevatron accelerator mademajor contributions in high-energy particle physics, nuclear heavy-ionphysics, medical research and therapy, and space-related studies of radia-tion damage and heavy particles in space. The accelerator wasdecommissioned in February 1993.

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ÕA technic ian at

E.O. LawrenceBerkeley takes

apart thelaminated steel

p lates thatmade up the

centra l yoke ofthe Bevatron

accelerator .The p lates arebeing custom

cut tospecif icat ions

for the SMARTSbeaml ine atLos A lamos.

While the plates are slightly radioactive, their dose rates are only slightlyhigher than that for normal background radiation, and they thereforemeet all applicable worker protection standards without the need forspecial handling.

Lawrence Berkeley will custom-cut the steel plates and assemble them tofit the specific design requirements of SMARTS’ beam line, which ismore than 100 feet long.

Compared to what it would have cost to purchase new steel platescommercially, the overall savings to the project will be about $250,000.Lawrence Berkeley saves even more, about $1 million, based on what itwould have cost to dispose of the steel. In addition, Los Alamos mayreceive an additional 1,600 tons of plates from Berkeley. The SpallationNeutron Source currently under construction at Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory also may make use of some of the remaining tons of surplussteel plates, so the potential for all three labs to save millions of dollarsis enormous.

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ADVANCES IN THEACCELERATOR

TRANSMUTATION OFNUCLEAR WASTE

I n medieval times, alchemists dreamed of turning lead into gold. They never achieved that dream, but

someday it may be possible to change the high-levelnuclear waste produced by nuclear power plants intomuch more manageable wastes.Under the U.S. Accelerator Transmutation of Waste Program, LosAlamos and other Department of Energy laboratories arestudying and developing accelerator-driven technologies that cantransmute such waste into more benign, stable waste forms.

About 95 percent of reactor waste is uranium that by itself doesnot require long-term, permanent storage. The rest is weapons-grade plutonium and other transuranics, minor actinides andhigh-fission products. These fission products are about onemillion times more hazardous than uranium.

Los Alamos hasbeen studying ATWsystems for adecade. While manypotential designs foran ATW systemhave been examined,the main technicalcomponents remainthe same: a high-power proton linearaccelerator, pyro-chemical spent fuelt re a t m e n t / w a s t ecleanup system andsubcritical burner.

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AcceleratorTransmutat ionof Waste hasthe potent ia l toreduce theamount ofwaste requir ingpermanentstorage from70,000 tons to3,000 tons.

Ô

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It is estimated that the U.S. nuclear power industry will generateapproximately 70,000 tons of high-level nuclear waste by 2015,including about 550 tons of plutonium. ATW potentially canreduce the amount of waste requiring permanent storage to lessthan 3,000 tons, including less than 400 pounds of plutonium.In addition, these wastes now only require a few centuries ofisolation instead of 10,000 years.

Because plutonium releases energy as it is destroyed by fissionin the subcritical burner, the process can power itself. Only afraction of the energy is needed to supply the ATW system; therest can be sold to power companies, offsetting ATWdevelopment and construction costs. Perhaps most important,destroying the weapons-grade plutonium enhancesnonproliferation efforts.

ATW begins with a spent fuel treatment center, where theuranium and short-lived fission products that cannot betransmuted are separated from the rest of the waste. Theseshort-lived fission products are prepared for disposal, while theuranium can be recycled for reuse or prepared for disposal.

The remaining transuranics, minor actinides and long-livedfission products are transferred to the subcritical burner, wherevirtually most are destroyed by fission or transmuted into morebenign, short-lived waste forms by neutrons produced by theaccelerator’s proton beam as it strikes the burner’s spallationtarget inside. The linear accelerator at Los Alamos is the mostpowerful in the world and conceivably can drive severalsubcritical burners at once.

Los Alamos, in collaboration with eight other DOE laboratories,recently developed a five-year “road map” for ATW research anddevelopment, which includes examining all available technologydevelopment options, developing a prototype test facility anddemonstrating key aspects of the technologies.

Los Alamos plans to conduct some of those demonstrations.While an ATW facility may be years away, its potential forsolving a worldwide environmental dilemma is undeniable.

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A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THEPUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE OF


Nonprofit OrganizationU.S. Postage PaidAlbuquerque, NM

Permit No.532

IN THIS ISSUE:

NEW JET

TURBINE DESIGNP A G E 1

JAPAN ENLISTS LAB TO

STUDY ANCIENT

VOLCANOP A G E 5

LOS ALAMOS TO ASSIST

IN LINAC DESIGN

AND CONSTRUCTIONP A G E 9

SMART SHOPPINGP A G E 1 2

SCIENCE FOR THE

21ST CENTURYP A G E 1 4

LALP 00-1-5

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BRIEFLY …

You’re receiving May’s Dateline late because of the Lab closure during the Cerro Grande Fire. Two weeksago (as I write this) I was glued to a television in Santa Fe, where my family had evacuated early thatmorning, watching “my” town burn. As I watched in disbelief as the homes of family, friends and co-workers went up in flames, I wondered if any of us would have homes — or jobs — to return to. And hereI am, two weeks later, back at my computer, trying to return to normal. Mother Nature humbles us. Wepride ourselves on our ability to conduct great science, yet the force of a forest fire makes us aware thatthere are so many things we can’t control and don’t understand. I am awestruck at the devastation andhow close my town came to losing everything. My heart goes out to the more than 400 Los Alamosfamilies who lost their homes. And I will be forever grateful to the firefighters and other people who puttheir lives on the line to save Los Alamos, the Laboratory and Northern New Mexico.

— Meredith Coonley, editor

Dateline: Los Alamos is availableon the World Wide Web:

http://www.lanl.gov/worldview/news/dateline/

A M O N T H L Y P U B L I C A T I O N O F LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

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NEW JET TURBINE WILL BOOST ENERGY EFFICIENCY