NEW JERSEY TURNPIKE AUTHORITY INTERCHANGE 6-9 WIDENING PROGRAM

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 215 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

VOLUME 1

Submitted to:

New Jersey Turnpike Authority

Submitted by:

The Louis Berger Group, Inc.

In association with:

Dewberry-Goodkind, Inc.

January, 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOC Page 1

Page 1.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 Project Sponsor.................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Project Setting, Turnpike History and Regional Transportation Context................ 1-1 1.4 Project Design and Operation................................................................... 1-5 1.4.1 Design Criteria .......................................................................... 1-5 1.4.2 Description of the Proposed Improvements......................................... 1-5 1.4.3 Construction Methods and Schedule ................................................1-16

1.4.3.1 General Construction Methods – Earthwork ..........................1-16 1.4.3.2 General Construction Methods – In-Stream Construction ..........1-29

1.5 Approvals Required..............................................................................1-31

2.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT.................................... 2-1 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Purpose of the Proposed Project................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Transportation Problem Identification ......................................................... 2-1 2.3.1 Project Context and Impetus .......................................................... 2-1 2.3.2 Existing Travel Conditions ............................................................ 2-2 2.3.3 Future Travel Demand ................................................................. 2-6 2.3.3.1 Population and Employment Growth Trends........................... 2-6 2.3.3.2 Relationship of Population and Employment Growth to Traffic Volume Increases on the Turnpike .......................... 2-8

2.3.3.3 Traffic Redistribution from the Proposed New Pennsylvania Turnpike/I-95 Interchange................................ 2-8

2.3.3.4 New Jersey Freight Growth Trends ....................................2-12 2.3.3.5 Future Traffic Congestion on the Turnpike ...........................2-16 2.3.3.6 Future Travel Demand on Parallel Roadways ........................2-21 2.3.4 Safety Issues ............................................................................2-22 2.3.5 The Turnpike as an Evacuation Route ..............................................2-23 2.4 Mainline and Interchanges Proposed Project Need.........................................2-23 2.4.1 Need for Additional Roadway Capacity between Interchanges 6 and 8A ................................................................................2-23 2.4.2 Need for Widened Roadway between Interchanges 6 and 8A to be a Dual-Dual Roadway Configuration ........................................2-23

2.4.3 Need for Interchange 6 to 7A Segment to Have a Three-Lane Outer Roadway .........................................................................2-24

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2.4.4 Need to Implement the Third Outer Lane Between Interchanges 8A and 9 ................................................................................2-25

2.4.5 Need to Improve Interchanges Within the Widened Mainline..................2-27 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT....................................... 3-1 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Regional Environment............................................................................ 3-1 3.3 Land Use and Zoning ............................................................................ 3-3 3.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................. 3-3 3.3.2 Data Sources and Methodology....................................................... 3-3 3.3.3 Land Use Overview..................................................................... 3-4 3.3.3.1 Burlington County .......................................................... 3-4 3.3.3.2 Mercer County .............................................................. 3-4 3.3.3.3 Middlesex County .......................................................... 3-4 3.3.4 Existing Land Use....................................................................... 3-5 3.3.4.1 Mansfield Township........................................................ 3-5 3.3.4.2 Bordentown Township ..................................................... 3-6 3.3.4.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................3-19 3.3.4.4 Hamilton Township........................................................3-19 3.3.4.5 Washington Township.....................................................3-20 3.3.4.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................3-21 3.3.4.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................3-22 3.3.4.8 Monroe Township .........................................................3-23 3.3.4.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................3-24 3.3.4.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................3-25 3.3.4.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................3-26 3.3.5 Existing Zoning.........................................................................3-26 3.3.5.1 Mansfield Township.......................................................3-39 3.3.5.2 Bordentown Township ....................................................3-39 3.3.5.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................3-40 3.3.5.4 Hamilton Township........................................................3-41 3.3.5.5 Washington Township.....................................................3-41 3.3.5.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................3-42 3.3.5.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................3-43 3.3.5.8 Monroe Township .........................................................3-44 3.3.5.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................3-45 3.3.5.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................3-45 3.3.5.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................3-46 3.4 Socioeconomics ..................................................................................3-47 3.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................3-47 3.4.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................3-47

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3.4.3 Study Area Population and Employment Trends .................................3-48 3.4.4 Economics ...............................................................................3-49 3.4.5 Summary Profile of Project Corridor and Surrounding Region................3-52 3.4.5.1 Population and Racial/Ethnic Characteristics of the Project Corridor............................................................3-53 3.4.5.2 Age Characteristics within the Project Corridor......................3-54 3.4.5.3 Income and Poverty within the Project Corridor .....................3-56 3.4.5.4 Linguistic Isolation within the Project Corridor ......................3-56 3.4.5.5 Educational Attainment Levels within the Project Corridor............................................................3-58 3.4.5.6 Housing Profile within the Project Corridor ..........................3-58 3.4.5.7 Labor Force Characteristics within the Project Corridor ...........3-58 3.4.5.8 Journey-to-Work Patterns within the Project Corridor ..............3-59 3.4.6 Community Demographic Profiles ..................................................3-60 3.4.6.1 Mansfield Township.......................................................3-66 3.4.6.2 Bordentown Township ....................................................3-67 3.4.6.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................3-69 3.4.6.4 Hamilton Township........................................................3-70 3.4.6.5 Washington Township.....................................................3-72 3.4.6.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................3-73 3.4.6.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................3-75 3.4.6.8 Monroe Township .........................................................3-76 3.4.6.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................3-78 3.4.6.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................3-79 3.4.6.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................3-81 3.5 Environmental Justice ...........................................................................3-82 3.5.1 Introduction .............................................................................3-82 3.5.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................3-83 3.5.3 Racial and Income Characteristics of the Project Corridor and its Corresponding Counties...........................................................3-84 3.5.3.1 Burlington County .........................................................3-84 3.5.3.2 Mercer County .............................................................3-84 3.5.3.3 Middlesex County .........................................................3-85 3.5.4 Project Corridor Areas with High Concentrations of Minority/Low-Income Persons ......................................................3-87 3.5.4.1 Census Blocks with High Concentrations of Minorities.............3-87 3.5.4.2 Census Block Groups with High Concentrations of Low-Income Persons ......................................................3-93 3.6 Farmlands .........................................................................................3-93 3.6.1 Introduction .............................................................................3-93 3.6.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................3-93 3.6.3 State Agricultural Profile .............................................................3-95 3.6.3.1 General Profile .............................................................3-95

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3.6.3.2 State Agricultural Policy..................................................3-96 3.6.4 County Agricultural Profiles and Policies..........................................3-99 3.6.4.1 Burlington County .........................................................3-99 3.6.4.2 Mercer County ........................................................... 3-100 3.6.4.3 Middlesex County ....................................................... 3-100 3.6.5 Municipal Profiles.................................................................... 3-102 3.6.5.1 Mansfield Township..................................................... 3-103 3.6.5.2 Bordentown Township .................................................. 3-129 3.6.5.3 Chesterfield Township .................................................. 3-130 3.6.5.4 Hamilton Township...................................................... 3-131 3.6.5.5 Washington Township................................................... 3-132 3.6.5.6 East Windsor Township ................................................ 3-132 3.6.5.7 Cranbury Township ..................................................... 3-134 3.6.5.8 Monroe Township ....................................................... 3-135 3.6.5.9 South Brunswick Township ............................................ 3-136 3.6.5.10 East Brunswick Township .............................................. 3-137 3.6.5.11 Milltown Borough ....................................................... 3-137 3.7 Community Facilities.......................................................................... 3-137 3.7.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-137 3.7.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-138 3.7.3 Existing Community Facilities ..................................................... 3-138 3.7.3.1 Mansfield Township..................................................... 3-138 3.7.3.2 Bordentown Township .................................................. 3-151 3.7.3.3 Chesterfield Township .................................................. 3-152 3.7.3.4 Hamilton Township...................................................... 3-152 3.7.3.5 Washington Township................................................... 3-153 3.7.3.6 East Windsor Township ................................................ 3-154 3.7.3.7 Cranbury Township ..................................................... 3-154 3.7.3.8 Monroe Township ....................................................... 3-155 3.7.3.9 South Brunswick Township ............................................ 3-156 3.7.3.10 East Brunswick Township .............................................. 3-156 3.7.3.11 Milltown Borough ....................................................... 3-157 3.8 Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities ........................................... 3-158 3.8.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-158 3.8.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-159 3.8.3 Existing Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities....................... 3-159 3.8.3.1 Mansfield Township..................................................... 3-159 3.8.3.2 Bordentown Township .................................................. 3-159 3.8.3.3 Chesterfield Township .................................................. 3-160 3.8.3.4 Hamilton Township...................................................... 3-160 3.8.3.5 Washington Township................................................... 3-160 3.8.3.6 East Windsor Township ................................................ 3-160 3.8.3.7 Cranbury Township ..................................................... 3-160

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3.8.3.8 Monroe Township ....................................................... 3-173 3.8.3.9 South Brunswick Township ............................................ 3-173 3.8.3.10 East Brunswick Township .............................................. 3-174 3.8.3.11 Milltown Borough ....................................................... 3-175 3.9 Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-175 3.9.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-175 3.9.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-175 3.9.3 Description of Resources ........................................................... 3-176 3.9.3.1 Previously Identified Archeological Resources ..................... 3-189 3.9.3.2 Previously Identified Historical Architectural Resources.................................................................. 3-190 3.9.3.3 Field-Identified Resources.............................................. 3-191 3.10 Visual Quality and Aesthetics................................................................ 3-191 3.10.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-191 3.10.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-192 3.10.3 Existing Visual Quality and Aesthetics ........................................... 3-192 3.10.3.1 Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 6..................................... 3-193 3.10.3.2 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7......................................... 3-194 3.10.3.3 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ...................................... 3-196 3.10.3.4 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ...................................... 3-198 3.10.3.5 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ...................................... 3-200 3.10.3.6 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ...................................... 3-201 3.11 Soils and Geology.............................................................................. 3-203 3.11.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-203 3.11.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-203 3.11.3 Geology ................................................................................ 3-204 3.11.4 Soils in the Project Corridor ....................................................... 3-206 3.11.4.1 General Soil Characteristics............................................ 3-206 3.11.4.2 Soil Erodibility Factors ................................................. 3-209 3.12 Water Resources ............................................................................... 3-210 3.12.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-210 3.12.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-210 3.12.3 Surface Water......................................................................... 3-223 3.12.3.1 Watershed Management Areas ........................................ 3-223 3.12.3.2 Stream Crossings and Their Characteristics......................... 3-224 3.12.3.3 Existing Roadway Drainage System .................................. 3-250 3.12.4 Groundwater .......................................................................... 3-251 3.13 Floodplains ...................................................................................... 3-255 3.13.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-255 3.13.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-257

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3.13.3 Existing Floodplains ................................................................. 3-257 3.14 Ecology .......................................................................................... 3-258 3.14.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-258 3.14.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-260 3.14.2.1 Aquatic Communities ................................................... 3-260 3.14.2.2 Vegetative Habitats ...................................................... 3-260 3.14.2.3 Regulated Wetlands...................................................... 3-261 3.14.2.4 Wildlife Data Sources ................................................... 3-261 3.14.2.5 Special Status Species and Critical Habitats Data Sources .................................................................... 3-262 3.14.3 Aquatic Communities................................................................ 3-262 3.14.3.1 Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 6..................................... 3-263 3.14.3.2 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7......................................... 3-263 3.14.3.3 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ...................................... 3-264 3.14.3.4 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ...................................... 3-265 3.14.3.5 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ...................................... 3-266 3.14.3.6 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ...................................... 3-266 3.14.4 Terrestrial and Wetland Communities ............................................ 3-267 3.14.4.1 General .................................................................... 3-267 3.14.4.2 Upland Vegetation ....................................................... 3-271 3.14.4.3 Regulated Wetlands – Types of Wetlands in Project Corridor.......................................................... 3-272

3.14.4.4 Regulated Wetlands – Segment-by-Segment Inventory in Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-273

3.14.5 Wildlife ................................................................................ 3-274 3.14.6 Threatened and Endangered Species and Critical Habitats.................... 3-303 3.15 Infrastructure ................................................................................... 3-306 3.15.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-306 3.15.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-313 3.15.3 Existing Utilities and Transportation Facilities.................................. 3-313 3.15.3.1 Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 6..................................... 3-318 3.15.3.2 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7......................................... 3-332 3.15.3.3 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ...................................... 3-334 3.15.3.4 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ...................................... 3-338 3.15.3.5 The Expanded Area Around Interchange 8.......................... 3-340 3.15.3.6 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ...................................... 3-341 3.15.3.7 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ...................................... 3-344 3.15.4 Existing Utility Demand ............................................................ 3-349 3.16 Solid Waste ..................................................................................... 3-349 3.16.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-349 3.16.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-350 3.16.3 County Solid Waste Management Plans and Practices......................... 3-350

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3.16.3.1 Burlington County ....................................................... 3-350 3.16.3.2 Mercer County ........................................................... 3-351 3.16.3.3 Middlesex County ....................................................... 3-352 3.16.4 Current Solid Waste Volumes and Practices of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority .................................................................. 3-355 3.17 Contaminated Materials ....................................................................... 3-356 3.17.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-356 3.17.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-356 3.17.3 Description of Properties ........................................................... 3-357 3.18 Traffic and Transportation.................................................................... 3-375 3.18.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-375 3.18.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-376 3.18.2.1 Data Sources .............................................................. 3-376 3.18.2.2 Methodology.............................................................. 3-377 3.18.3 Existing Turnpike Configuration and Facilities ................................. 3-379 3.18.3.1 Existing Roadway Configuration...................................... 3-379 3.18.3.2 Turnpike Interchanges and Service Areas ........................... 3-379 3.18.3.3 Other Key Routes Near the Project Corridor ....................... 3-380 3.18.4 Traffic Volume Development ...................................................... 3-383 3.18.4.1 Data Collection........................................................... 3-383 3.18.5 Existing Traffic and Safety Conditions ........................................... 3-384 3.18.5.1 Existing Volumes ........................................................ 3-384 3.18.5.2 Existing Traffic Level of Service ..................................... 3-384 3.18.5.3 Existing Safety Conditions ............................................. 3-416 3.18.6 Alternative Transportation Opportunities in Project Corridor Counties................................................................................ 3-424 3.18.6.1 Public Transportation ................................................... 3-424 3.18.6.2 On-Demand Transportation/Para-Transit ............................ 3-425 3.18.6.3 Transportation Management Associations (TMAs) ................ 3-426 3.19 Air Quality ..................................................................................... 3-427 3.19.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-427 3.19.2 Background............................................................................ 3-428 3.19.2.1 Air Pollutants of Concern .............................................. 3-428 3.19.2.2 National and State Ambient Air Quality Standards and Guidelines............................................................ 3-428 3.19.2.3 Regulatory Setting ....................................................... 3-429 3.19.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Levels ......................................... 3-431 3.19.4 Mesoscale Emissions Burden Analysis ........................................... 3-431 3.19.5 Microscale Modeling Analysis..................................................... 3-435 3.19.6 Summary of Existing Air Quality Microscale Analysis........................ 3-437

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3.20 Noise ............................................................................................. 3-439 3.20.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 3-439 3.20.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 3-441 3.20.2.1 Data Sources .............................................................. 3-441 3.20.2.2 Methodology.............................................................. 3-442 3.20.3 Existing Noise Levels ............................................................... 3-443 3.20.3.1 24-Hour Noise Measurement Levels ................................. 3-443 3.20.3.2 Short-Term Noise Measurement Levels ............................. 3-460 3.20.3.3 Interchange 8A – Interchange 9 Previous Noise Measurement Levels..................................................... 3-463 3.20.4 Existing Noise Barrier-Protected Neighborhoods............................... 3-464 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ........................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Land use and Zoning ............................................................................. 4-1 4.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................. 4-1 4.2.2 Data Sources and Methodology....................................................... 4-1 4.2.3 No-Build Alternative ................................................................... 4-1 4.2.3.1 Mansfield Township........................................................ 4-2 4.2.3.2 Bordentown Township ..................................................... 4-2 4.2.3.3 Chesterfield Township ..................................................... 4-2 4.2.3.4 Hamilton Township......................................................... 4-2 4.2.3.5 Washington Township...................................................... 4-2 4.2.3.6 East Windsor Township ................................................... 4-3 4.2.3.7 Cranbury Township ........................................................ 4-3 4.2.3.8 Monroe Township .......................................................... 4-3 4.2.3.9 South Brunswick Township ............................................... 4-3 4.2.3.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................. 4-3 4.2.3.11 Milltown Borough .......................................................... 4-4 4.2.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................. 4-4 4.2.4.1 Direct Impacts ............................................................... 4-4 4.2.4.2 Indirect Impacts ............................................................. 4-8 4.2.5 Zoning..................................................................................... 4-8 4.2.5.1 Mansfield Township........................................................ 4-8 4.2.5.2 Bordentown Township ..................................................... 4-8 4.2.5.3 Chesterfield Township ..................................................... 4-8 4.2.5.4 Hamilton Township......................................................... 4-9 4.2.5.5 Washington Township...................................................... 4-9 4.2.5.6 East Windsor Township ................................................... 4-9 4.2.5.7 Cranbury Township ........................................................ 4-9 4.2.5.8 Monroe Township .......................................................... 4-9 4.2.5.9 South Brunswick Township ............................................... 4-9 4.2.5.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................. 4-9

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4.2.5.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................4-10 4.2.6 Public Policy ............................................................................4-10 4.2.6.1 New Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan...........4-10 4.2.7 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-12 4.2.8 Summary ................................................................................4-12 4.3 Socioeconomics ..................................................................................4-12 4.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-12 4.3.2 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-12 4.3.3 Residential Displacement .............................................................4-12 4.3.3.1 Data Sources and Methodology .........................................4-12 4.3.3.2 Proposed Project Impacts.................................................4-13 4.3.3.3 Mitigation of Impacts .....................................................4-15 4.3.4 Neighborhood Disruption .............................................................4-16 4.3.4.1 Proposed Project Impacts.................................................4-16 4.3.4.2 Mitigation of Impacts .....................................................4-16 4.3.5 Economic Effects of Construction Activity ........................................4-17 4.3.5.1 Data Sources and Methodology .........................................4-17 4.3.5.2 Employment and Materials Purchase Impacts ........................4-18 4.3.5.3 Mitigation of Impacts .....................................................4-19 4.3.6 Impacts to Businesses..................................................................4-19 4.3.6.1 Direct Business Impacts ..................................................4-20 4.3.6.2 Indirect Business Impacts.................................................4-21 4.3.6.3 Temporary Construction Impacts on Businesses......................4-22 4.3.6.4 Mitigation of Impacts .....................................................4-22 4.3.7 Regional Population and Employment: Growth Projections and Potential Induced Growth.............................................................4-23 4.3.7.1 Known and Anticipated Development Projects .......................4-23 4.3.7.2 Patterns of Anticipated Growth..........................................4-23 4.3.7.3 Known and Anticipated Project Developments .......................4-28 4.3.7.4 Interchange-Specific Development Potential Analysis...............4-28 4.3.8 Summary ................................................................................4-32 4.4 Environmental Justice ...........................................................................4-33 4.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-33 4.4.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-33 4.4.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-33 4.4.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-33 4.4.4.1 Previous Environmental Degradation...................................4-33 4.4.4.2 Residential Displacements ................................................4-34 4.4.4.3 Changes in Accessibility and Mobility Afforded by the Proposed Project ...........................................................4-36 4.4.4.4 Noise .........................................................................4-36 4.4.5 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-36

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4.5 Farmlands .........................................................................................4-37 4.5.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-37 4.5.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-37 4.5.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-37 4.5.4 Proposed Project Impacts Summary ................................................4-37 4.5.5 County Summaries .....................................................................4-37 4.5.5.1 Burlington County .........................................................4-37 4.5.5.2 Mercer County .............................................................4-38 4.5.5.3 Middlesex County .........................................................4-38 4.5.6 Municipal Summaries .................................................................4-38 4.5.6.1 Mansfield Township.......................................................4-38 4.5.6.2 Bordentown Township ....................................................4-40 4.5.6.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................4-41 4.5.6.4 Hamilton Township........................................................4-42 4.5.6.5 Washington Township.....................................................4-43 4.5.6.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................4-44 4.5.6.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................4-45 4.5.6.8 Monroe Township .........................................................4-46 4.5.6.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................4-46 4.5.6.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................4-47 4.5.6.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................4-47 4.5.7 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-47 4.6 Community Facilities............................................................................4-47 4.6.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-47 4.6.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-48 4.6.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-48 4.6.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-49 4.6.4.1 Mansfield Township.......................................................4-49 4.6.4.2 Bordentown Township ....................................................4-49 4.6.4.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................4-49 4.6.4.4 Hamilton Township........................................................4-49 4.6.4.5 Washington Township.....................................................4-49 4.6.4.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................4-50 4.6.4.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................4-50 4.6.4.8 Monroe Township .........................................................4-50 4.6.4.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................4-50 4.6.4.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................4-50 4.6.4.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................4-50 4.6.5 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-51 4.6.6 Summary.................................................................................4-51 4.7 Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities .............................................4-51 4.7.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-51 4.7.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-52

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4.7.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-52 4.7.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-52 4.7.4.1 Mansfield Township.......................................................4-52 4.7.4.2 Bordentown Township ....................................................4-52 4.7.4.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................4-53 4.7.4.4 Hamilton Township........................................................4-53 4.7.4.5 Washington Township.....................................................4-53 4.7.4.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................4-53 4.7.4.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................4-55 4.7.4.8 Monroe Township .........................................................4-55 4.7.4.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................4-55 4.7.4.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................4-55 4.7.4.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................4-55 4.7.5 Direct Impacts on Proposed or Planned Parks and Open Space................4-55 4.7.6 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-55 4.8 Cultural Resources...............................................................................4-56 4.8.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-56 4.8.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-56 4.8.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-56 4.8.4 Proposed Project Impacts on Archeological Resources..........................4-56 4.8.5 Historical Architectural Resources ..................................................4-57 4.8.5.1 Mansfield Township.......................................................4-57 4.8.5.2 Bordentown Township ....................................................4-57 4.8.5.3 Chesterfield Township ....................................................4-59 4.8.5.4 Hamilton Township........................................................4-59 4.8.5.5 Washington Township.....................................................4-60 4.8.5.6 East Windsor Township ..................................................4-60 4.8.5.7 Cranbury Township .......................................................4-60 4.8.5.8 Monroe Township .........................................................4-61 4.8.5.9 South Brunswick Township ..............................................4-61 4.8.5.10 East Brunswick Township ................................................4-61 4.8.5.11 Milltown Borough .........................................................4-61 4.8.6 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-61 4.8.6.1 Archeological Resources..................................................4-61 4.8.6.2 Historic Archeological Resources.......................................4-62 4.8.7 Summary.................................................................................4-62 4.9 Visual Quality and Aesthetics Impacts .......................................................4-62 4.9.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-62 4.9.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-63 4.9.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-63 4.9.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-63 4.9.4.1 Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 6.......................................4-63 4.9.4.2 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7...........................................4-64

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4.9.4.3 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ........................................4-65 4.9.4.4 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ........................................4-66 4.9.4.5 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ........................................4-67 4.9.4.6 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ........................................4-68 4.9.5 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-68 4.9.5.1 View from the Road .......................................................4-68 4.9.5.2 View of the Road ..........................................................4-68 4.9.6 Summary ................................................................................4-68 4.10 Soils and Geology................................................................................4-69 4.10.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-69 4.10.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-69 4.10.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-69 4.10.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-69 4.10.4.1 Potential Soils Impacts ....................................................4-69 4.10.4.2 Geology Impacts ...........................................................4-70 4.10.5 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-71 4.10.5.1 Mitigation of Soil Erosion Impacts .....................................4-71 4.10.5.2 Mitigation of Acid-Soils Exposure Impacts ...........................4-71 4.10.6 Summary ................................................................................4-72 4.11 Water Resources .................................................................................4-72 4.11.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-72 4.11.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-72 4.11.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-73 4.11.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-73 4.11.4.1 Construction Impacts ......................................................4-73 4.11.4.2 Operational Impacts .......................................................4-74 4.11.5 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-75 4.11.5.1 Mitigation of Construction Impacts .....................................4-75 4.11.5.2 Mitigation of Operational Impacts ......................................4-89 4.11.6 Summary.................................................................................4-91 4.12 Floodplains .......................................................................................4-91 4.12.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-91 4.12.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-92 4.12.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-92 4.12.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-92 4.12.4.1 Construction Impacts ......................................................4-92 4.12.4.2 Operational Impacts .......................................................4-94 4.12.5 Mitigation of Impacts..................................................................4-94 4.12.6 Summary.................................................................................4-95 4.13 Ecology ............................................................................................4-95 4.13.1 Introduction .............................................................................4-95

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4.13.2 Data Sources and Methodology......................................................4-95 4.13.3 No-Build Alternative ..................................................................4-96 4.13.4 Proposed Project Impacts .............................................................4-96 4.13.4.1 Aquatic Communities .....................................................4-96 4.13.4.2 Upland Vegetative Habitats ..............................................4-99 4.13.4.3 Regulated Wetlands...................................................... 4-102 4.13.4.4 Wildlife .................................................................... 4-105 4.13.5 Threatened and Endangered Species and Critical Habitat ..................... 4-109 4.13.5.1 N.J. Landscape Project Database ..................................... 4-109 4.14.5.2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ........................................ 4-109 4.14.5.3 National Marine Fisheries Service .................................... 4-110 4.13.6 Mitigation of Impacts................................................................ 4-110 4.13.6.1 Aquatic Communities ................................................... 4-110 4.13.6.2 Upland Vegetative Habitats ............................................ 4-111 4.13.6.3 Regulated Wetlands...................................................... 4-112 4.13.6.4 Wildlife .................................................................... 4-113 4.13.6.5 Threatened and Endangered Species and Critical Habitat ..................................................................... 4-114 4.13.7 Summary............................................................................... 4-115 4.14 Infrastructure ................................................................................... 4-115 4.14.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4-115 4.14.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 4-115 4.14.3 No-Build Alternative ................................................................ 4-116 4.14.4 Proposed Project Impacts ........................................................... 4-117 4.14.4.1 Construction Impacts .................................................... 4-117 4.14.4.2 Operational Impacts ..................................................... 4-125 4.14.5 Mitigation of Impacts................................................................ 4-126 4.14.5.1 PSE&G 500 kV New Freedom – Deans Transmission Line ........................................................................ 4-126 4.14.5.2 PSE&G 132 kV Trenton-Burlington Transmission Line ........................................................................ 4-126 4.14.5.3 JCP&L 34.5 kV Transmission Line .................................. 4-126 4.15.5.4 Underground Pipelines.................................................. 4-127 4.14.6 Summary............................................................................... 4-127 4.15 Solid Waste ..................................................................................... 4-127 4.15.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4-127 4.15.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 4-128 4.15.3 No-Build Alternative ................................................................ 4-128 4.15.4 Proposed Project Impacts ........................................................... 4-128 4.15.4.1 Construction Impacts .................................................... 4-128 4.15.4.2 Operational Impacts ..................................................... 4-129 4.15.5 Mitigation of Impacts................................................................ 4-133 4.15.6 Summary............................................................................... 4-135

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4.16 Contaminated Materials ....................................................................... 4-136 4.16.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4-136 4.16.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 4-136 4.16.3 No-Build Alternative ................................................................ 4-137 4.16.4 Proposed Project Impacts ........................................................... 4-137 4.16.4.1 Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 6..................................... 4-137 4.16.4.2 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7......................................... 4-137 4.16.4.3 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ...................................... 4-137 4.16.4.4 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ...................................... 4-138 4.16.4.5 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ...................................... 4-139 4.16.4.6 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ...................................... 4-141 4.16.5 Mitigation of Impacts................................................................ 4-142 4.16.5.1 Further Investigations ................................................... 4-142 4.16.5.2 Health and Safety Plans................................................. 4-142 4.16.5.3 Measures During or Prior to Construction .......................... 4-143 4.16.5.4 Demolition of Structures................................................ 4-143 4.17 Traffic and Transportation.................................................................... 4-143 4.17.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4-143 4.17.1.1 Background ............................................................... 4-143 4.17.1.2 Basis for Expected Growth............................................. 4-144 4.17.1.3 DVRPC and NJTPA Transportation Improvement Programs (2006-2008) .................................................. 4-147 4.17.1.4 Other Major Infrastructure Projects .................................. 4-148 4.17.2 Year 2012 and 2032 Traffic Projections ......................................... 4-150 4.17.2.1 Turnpike Improvement Assumptions ................................. 4-150 4.17.2.2 Projected No-Build and Build Condition Traffic Volumes ................................................................... 4-151 4.17.3 Year 2012 and 2032 Level of Service Analyses ................................ 4-162 4.17.3.1 Methodologies and Assumptions ...................................... 4-162 4.17.3.2 Future Traffic Level of Service ....................................... 4-163 4.17.3.3 Future Impact Analysis ................................................. 4-204 4.17.3.4 Future Safety Analysis .................................................. 4-207 4.17.4 Screenline Analysis: No-Build Versus Build .................................... 4-212 4.17.5 2032 Mainline Lane Requirements ................................................ 4-225 4.17.6 Travel Time Analysis................................................................ 4-226 4.17.7 Mitigation of Impacts................................................................ 4-227 4.18 Air Quality ...................................................................................... 4-227 4.18.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4-227 4.18.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 4-230 4.18.3 Air Quality Impacts Analysis Results............................................. 4-231 4.18.3.1 Predicted Carbon Monoxide Concentrations ........................ 4-232 4.18.3.2 Predicted Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations ............. 4-236

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4.18.4 Beneficial Effects Analysis Results ............................................... 4-240 4.18.4.1 Predicted Beneficial Carbon Monoxide Concentrations ........... 4-241 4.18.4.2 Predicted Beneficial Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations............................................................ 4-243 4.18.5 Conformity Statement and Regional Emission Analysis....................... 4-245 4.18.6 Compliance with Project-Level Conformity Criteria........................... 4-246 4.18.7 Construction Impacts ................................................................ 4-246 4.18.8 Summary .............................................................................. 4-246 4.19 Noise ............................................................................................. 4-247 4.19.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4-247 4.19.2 Data Sources and Methodology.................................................... 4-247 4.19.3 No-Build Alternative ................................................................ 4-249 4.19.3.1 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7......................................... 4-250 4.19.3.2 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ...................................... 4-250 4.19.3.3 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ...................................... 4-251 4.19.3.4 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ...................................... 4-253 4.19.3.5 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ...................................... 4-253 4.19.4 Proposed Project Impacts ........................................................... 4-253 4.19.4.1 Construction Impacts .................................................... 4-253 4.19.4.2 Operational Impacts ..................................................... 4-254 4.19.5 Mitigation of Impacts................................................................ 4-259 4.19.5.1 Interchange 6 to Interchange 7......................................... 4-261 4.19.5.2 Interchange 7 to Interchange 7A ...................................... 4-261 4.19.5.3 Interchange 7A to Interchange 8 ...................................... 4-262 4.19.5.4 Interchange 8 to Interchange 8A ...................................... 4-276 4.19.5.5 Interchange 8A to Interchange 9 ...................................... 4-276 4.19.6 Summary............................................................................... 4-277 5.0 ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION .................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 No-Build Alternative ............................................................................. 5-1 5.3 Turnpike Roadway Cross-Section Alternatives .............................................. 5-5 5.4 Turnpike Operational Alternatives ............................................................. 5-5 5.4.1 High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes ............................................. 5-6 5.4.2 High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lanes.................................................. 5-7 5.4.3 Contra Flow Lanes...................................................................... 5-8 5.5 Non-Turnpike Capital or Operational Alternatives.......................................... 5-9 5.5.1 Improve Existing Parallel Roadways ................................................ 5-9 5.5.1.1 Improve U.S. Route 1...................................................... 5-9

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5.5.1.2 Improve U.S. Route 130................................................... 5-9 5.5.2 Construct a New North-South Limited-Access Roadway Alternative...............................................................................5-10 5.5.3 Mass Transit ............................................................................5-10 5.5.3.1 Existing and Planned Mass Transit Service ...........................5-10 5.5.3.2 Additional Mass Transit Service Alternative..........................5-13 5.6 Transportation Demand Management (TDM)...............................................5-14 5.6.1 Descriptions of Commonly-Considered TDM Measures ........................5-14 5.6.1.1 Congestion Pricing.........................................................5-14 5.6.1.2 Ridesharing (Carpools/Vanpools) .......................................5-15 5.6.1.3 Shuttle Services ............................................................5-15 5.6.1.4 Park-and-Ride Facilities ..................................................5-15 5.6.1.5 Transit Oriented Development (TOD)..................................5-15 5.6.1.6 Freight Transport Management..........................................5-16 5.6.2 Additional TDM Alternative ........................................................5-16 6.0 AGENCY COORDINATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH ..................................... 6-1 7.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 7-1 8.0 LIST OF PREPARERS .................................................................................. 8-1 8.1 The Louis Berger Group, Inc ................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Dewberry-Goodkind, Inc. ....................................................................... 8-2

APPENDICES APPENDIX A. Soil Erodibility Factors for Soil Types in the Project Corridor Descriptions of Soil Types in the Project Corridor APPENDIX B. Correspondence APPENDIX C. NJTA Interchange 6 to 8A Widening Right-of-Way Impacts, April 2006 APPENDIX D. Traffic Data APPENDIX E. NJ Turnpike CAL3QHC input/output materials APPENDIX F. Preliminary Noise Barrier Analysis

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Regional Location................................................................................. 1-3 Figure 1-2 Existing Cross-Section ........................................................................... 1-7 Figure 1-3 Proposed Typical Cross-Section................................................................ 1-9 Figure 1-4 Proposed Improvements at Interchange 6....................................................1-11 Figure 1-5 Proposed Improvements at Interchange 7....................................................1-13 Figure 1-6 Proposed Improvements at Service Areas 6S and 6N......................................1-17 Figure 1-7 Proposed Improvements at Interchange 7A..................................................1-19 Figure 1-8 Proposed Improvements at Interchange 8....................................................1-21 Figure 1-9 Proposed Improvements at Service Area 7S.................................................1-23 Figure 1-10 Proposed Southerly Merge South of Interchange 6 ........................................1-25 Figure 1-11 Proposed Northerly Diverge South of Interchange 6 ......................................1-27 Figure 2-1 Proposed Pennsylvania Turnpike/I-95 Interchange Project ...............................2-13 Figure 3-1 Project Corridor................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2a Existing Land Use ................................................................................ 3-7 Figure 3-2b Existing Land Use ................................................................................ 3-9 Figure 3-2c Existing Land Use ...............................................................................3-11 Figure 3-2d Existing Land Use ...............................................................................3-13 Figure 3-2e Existing Land Use ...............................................................................3-15 Figure 3-2f Existing Land Use ...............................................................................3-17 Figure 3-3a Existing Zoning ..................................................................................3-27 Figure 3-3b Existing Zoning ..................................................................................3-29 Figure 3-3c Existing Zoning ..................................................................................3-31 Figure 3-3d Existing Zoning ..................................................................................3-33 Figure 3-3e Existing Zoning ..................................................................................3-35 Figure 3-3f Existing Zoning ..................................................................................3-37 Figure 3-4 Percentage of Minority Residents within Census Block Groups in the Project Corridor ..........................................................................3-55 Figure 3-5 Percentage of Persons Living Below the Poverty Line within Census Block Groups in the Project Corridor ................................................................3-57 Figure 3-6a Census Blocks Exceeding the Burlington County Threshold for Minority Populations ........................................................................................3-90 Figure 3-6b Census Blocks Exceeding the Mercer County Threshold for Minority Populations ........................................................................................3-91 Figure 3-6c Census Blocks Exceeding the Middlesex County Threshold for Minority Populations ........................................................................................3-92 Figure 3-7 Census Block Groups Exceeding the Respective County Threshold for Low-Income Persons ............................................................................3-94 Figure 3-8a Farmlands in the Project Corridor .......................................................... 3-105 Figure 3-8b Farmlands in the Project Corridor .......................................................... 3-107 Figure 3-8c Farmlands in the Project Corridor .......................................................... 3-109 Figure 3-8d Farmlands in the Project Corridor .......................................................... 3-111 Figure 3-8e Farmlands in the Project Corridor .......................................................... 3-113 Figure 3-8f Farmlands in the Project Corridor .......................................................... 3-115

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Figure 3-9a Agricultural Development Areas ............................................................ 3-117 Figure 3-9b Agricultural Development Areas ............................................................ 3-119 Figure 3-9c Agricultural Development Areas ............................................................ 3-121 Figure 3-9d Agricultural Development Areas ............................................................ 3-123 Figure 3-9e Agricultural Development Areas ............................................................ 3-125 Figure 3-9f Agricultural Development Areas ............................................................ 3-127 Figure 3-10a Community Facilities in the Project Corridor............................................. 3-139 Figure 3-10b Community Facilities in the Project Corridor............................................. 3-141 Figure 3-10c Community Facilities in the Project Corridor............................................. 3-143 Figure 3-10d Community Facilities in the Project Corridor............................................. 3-145 Figure 3-10e Community Facilities in the Project Corridor............................................. 3-147 Figure 3-10f Community Facilities in the Project Corridor............................................. 3-149 Figure 3-11a Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities in the Project Corridor .............. 3-161 Figure 3-11b Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities in the Project Corridor .............. 3-163 Figure 3-11c Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities in the Project Corridor .............. 3-165 Figure 3-11d Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities in the Project Corridor .............. 3-167 Figure 3-11e Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities in the Project Corridor .............. 3-169 Figure 3-11f Parks, Open Space and Recreational Facilities in the Project Corridor .............. 3-171 Figure 3-12a Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-177 Figure 3-12b Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-179 Figure 3-12c Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-181 Figure 3-12d Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-183 Figure 3-12e Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-185 Figure 3-12f Cultural Resources............................................................................. 3-187 Figure 3-13 Geologic Features .............................................................................. 3-207 Figure 3-14a Existing Soils ................................................................................... 3-211 Figure 3-14b Existing Soils ................................................................................... 3-213 Figure 3-14c Existing Soils ................................................................................... 3-215 Figure 3-14d Existing Soils ................................................................................... 3-217 Figure 3-14e Existing Soils ................................................................................... 3-219 Figure 3-14f Existing Soils ................................................................................... 3-221 Figure 3-15 Watershed Management Areas............................................................... 3-225 Figure 3-16a Stream Crossings and Floodplains .......................................................... 3-229 Figure 3-16b Stream Crossings and Floodplains .......................................................... 3-231 Figure 3-16c Stream Crossings and Floodplains .......................................................... 3-233 Figure 3-16d Stream Crossings and Floodplains .......................................................... 3-235 Figure 3-16e Stream Crossings and Floodplains .......................................................... 3-237 Figure 3-16f Stream Crossings and Floodplains .......................................................... 3-239 Figure 3-17 Sole Source Aquifers .......................................................................... 3-253 Figure 3-18 Wells and Wellhead Protection Areas ...................................................... 3-256 Figure 3-19a Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-275 Figure 3-19b Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-277 Figure 3-19c Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-279 Figure 3-19d Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-281 Figure 3-19e Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-283

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Figure 3-19f Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-285 Figure 3-19g Delineated Wetlands........................................................................... 3-287 Figure 3-20a T&E Species Habitat Locations ............................................................. 3-307 Figure 3-20b T&E Species Habitat Locations ............................................................. 3-309 Figure 3-20c T&E Species Habitat Locations ............................................................. 3-311 Figure 3-21a Infrastructure in the Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-319 Figure 3-21b Infrastructure in the Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-321 Figure 3-21c Infrastructure in the Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-323 Figure 3-21d Infrastructure in the Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-325 Figure 3-21e Infrastructure in the Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-327 Figure 3-21f Infrastructure in the Project Corridor ...................................................... 3-329 Figure 3-22 Burlington County Landfill and Resource Recovery Complex Site Plan ............. 3-353 Figure 3-23a Contaminated Properties ...................................................................... 3-359 Figure 3-23b Contaminated Properties ...................................................................... 3-361 Figure 3-23c Contaminated Properties ...................................................................... 3-363 Figure 3-23d Contaminated Properties ...................................................................... 3-365 Figure 3-23e Contaminated Properties ...................................................................... 3-367 Figure 3-23f Contaminated Properties ...................................................................... 3-369 Figure 3-24 Existing New Jersey Turnpike Roadway Configuration................................. 3-381 Figure 3-25a Traffic Data Collection Locations (Map 1 of 2) .......................................... 3-385 Figure 3-25b Traffic Data Collection Locations (Map 2 of 2) .......................................... 3-387 Figure 3-26a 2005 Weekday AM Peak Hour Volumes (1 of 3) ........................................ 3-391 Figure 3-26b 2005 Weekday AM Peak Hour Volumes (2 of 3) ........................................ 3-393 Figure 3-26c 2005 Weekday AM Peak Hour Volumes (3 of 3) ........................................ 3-395 Figure 3-27a 2005 Weekday PM Peak Hour Volumes (1 of 3)......................................... 3-397 Figure 3-27b 2005 Weekday PM Peak Hour Volumes (2 of 3)......................................... 3-399 Figure 3-27c 2005 Weekday PM Peak Hour Volumes (3 of 3)......................................... 3-401 Figure 3-28a 2005 Friday PM Peak Hour Volumes (1 of 3) ............................................ 3-403 Figure 3-28b 2005 Friday PM Peak Hour Volumes (2 of 3) ............................................ 3-405 Figure 3-28c 2005 Friday PM Peak Hour Volumes (3 of 3) ............................................ 3-407 Figure 3-29a 2005 Sunday PM Peak Hour Volumes (1 of 3) ........................................... 3-409 Figure 3-29b 2005 Sunday PM Peak Hour Volumes (2 of 3) ........................................... 3-411 Figure 3-29c 2005 Sunday PM Peak Hour Volumes (3 of 3) ........................................... 3-413 Figure 3-30 Total Vehicular Accidents (2002-2003) At Turnpike Interchanges and Mileposts (M.P. 48.0 to 78.0) ............................................................... 3-421 Figure 3-31a Noise Receptor Sites........................................................................... 3-445 Figure 3-31b Noise Receptor Sites........................................................................... 3-447 Figure 3-31c Noise Receptor Sites........................................................................... 3-449 Figure 3-31d Noise Receptor Sites........................................................................... 3-451 Figure 3-31e Noise Receptor Sites........................................................................... 3-453 Figure 3-31f Noise Receptor Sites........................................................................... 3-455 Figure 4-1a Retention Basin Locations ......................................................................4-77 Figure 4-1b Retention Basin Locations ......................................................................4-79 Figure 4-1c Retention Basin Locations ......................................................................4-81 Figure 4-1d Retention Basin Locations ......................................................................4-83

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Figure 4-1e Retention Basin Locations ......................................................................4-85 Figure 4-1f Retention Basin Locations ......................................................................4-87 Figure 4-2 Transco’s Proposed Leidy to Long Island Expansion Project .......................... 4-117 Figure 4-3 Turnpike Screenlines Map.................................................................... 4-213 Figure 4-4 Change in No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes (2005-2032) Weekday AM Peak Hour Auto Trips ................................................................... 4-214 Figure 4-5 Change in No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes (2005-2032) Weekday PM Peak Hour Auto Trips ................................................................... 4-215 Figure 4-6 Change in No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes (2005-2032) Friday PM Peak Hour Auto Trips ................................................................... 4-216 Figure 4-7 Change in No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes (2005-2032) Weekday AM Peak Hour Truck Trips.................................................................. 4-217 Figure 4-8 Change in No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes (2005-2032) Weekday PM Peak Hour Truck Trips .................................................................. 4-218 Figure 4-9 Change in No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes (2005-2032) Friday PM Peak Hour Truck Trips .................................................................. 4-219 Figure 4-10 Comparison of 2005-2032 No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes Percent By Trip Type – Friday PM Peak Hour Southbound Auto Trips ....................... 4-220 Figure 4-11 Comparison of 2005 and 2032 No-Build Screenline 7A-8 Volumes Percent By Trip Type – Friday PM Peak Hour Southbound Truck Trips............ 4-221 Figure 4-12 Comparison of 2005 and 2032 No-Build and Build Screenline Volumes Friday PM Peak Hour Southbound Auto and Truck Trips.............................. 4-222 Figure 4-13 2032 Screenline 8A-9 No-Build and Build Volumes By Route Northbound Weekday AM and Southbound Friday PM Peak Periods ............................... 4-223 Figure 4-14 2032 Screenline 6-7 No-Build and Build Condition Volumes By Route Northbound Weekday AM and Southbound Friday PM Peak Periods................ 4-224 Figure 4-15 2032 (Design Hour) Turnpike Lane Requirements Between Interchanges 5 to 9 to Maintain LOS D .................................................................... 4-225 Figure 4-16a Noise Barrier Locations....................................................................... 4-263 Figure 4-16b Noise Barrier Locations....................................................................... 4-265 Figure 4-16c Noise Barrier Locations....................................................................... 4-267 Figure 4-16d Noise Barrier Locations....................................................................... 4-269 Figure 4-16e Noise Barrier Locations....................................................................... 4-271 Figure 4-16f Noise Barrier Locations....................................................................... 4-273

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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Historical Annual Two-Way Traffic Volumes By Turnpike Segment, 1990-2002..... 2-3 Table 2.2 Year 2005 Level of Service, Mainline and Weaving Segments ........................... 2-4 Table 2.3 Level of Service Descriptions................................................................... 2-5 Table 2.4 Historical Population Trends (1970-2005) .................................................... 2-7 Table 2.5 Historical Employment Trends (1970-2004) ................................................. 2-7 Table 2.6 Existing and Future Population Projections .................................................. 2-9 Table 2.7 Existing and Future Household Projections .................................................2-10 Table 2.8 Existing and Future Employment Projections ...............................................2-11 Table 2.9 Increased Daily Traffic on the New Jersey Turnpike Attributed to the New I-95/Pennsylvania Turnpike Interchange ..............................................2-12 Table 2.10 Level of Service Comparison AM Weekday (Monday-Friday) Peak Hour ............2-17 Table 2.11 Level of Service Comparison PM Weekday (Monday-Thursday) Peak Hour .........................................................................................2-18 Table 2.12 Level of Service Comparison PM Friday Peak Hour......................................2-19 Table 2.13 Level of Service Comparison PM Sunday Peak Hour .....................................2-20 Table 2.14 2002-2003 Turnpike Accidents Per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Comparison of Six-Lane and Dual-Dual (12-Lane) Sections .............................2-22 Table 2.15 Level of Service Comparison: Interchange 8A to 9........................................2-26 Table 3.1 Population Trends by County ..................................................................3-48 Table 3.2 Employment Trends by County ...............................................................3-48 Table 3.3 Population Forecast by County 2000-2025 ..................................................3-49 Table 3.4 Employment Forecast by County 2000-2025................................................3-49 Table 3.5 Sectoral Distribution of Earnings by Industry, 2003.......................................3-50 Table 3.6 Trends in Employment by Industry, 2001-2003 ............................................3-51 Table 3.7 Earnings Per Worker by Industry Sector, 2003.............................................3-52 Table 3.8 Race, Age, Income and Poverty Characteristics - Comparison of Study Area with Surrounding Region ........................................................3-54 Table 3.9 Social and Housing Characteristics - Comparison of Project Corridor with Surrounding Region .......................................................................3-58 Table 3.10 Labor Force Characteristics of Persons Residing in the Project Corridor .............3-59 Table 3.11 Means of Transportation to Work - Comparison of Project Corridor and Surrounding Counties ......................................................................3-60 Table 3.12 Resident Workforce - Comparison of the Project Corridor and Surrounding Counties ...........................................................................3-61 Table 3.13 Travel Times to Work - Comparison of the Project Corridor and Surrounding Counties ...........................................................................3-61 Table 3.14 Population and Economic Characteristics of Each Municipality’s Portion of the Project Corridor ................................................................3-62 Table 3.15 Educational Attainment and Housing Profile of Each Municipality’s Portion of the Project Corridor ................................................................3-63 Table 3.16 Population and Economic Characteristics of Entire Project Corridor Municipalities.....................................................................................3-64

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Table 3.17 Educational Attainment and Housing Profile of Entire Project Corridor Municipalities.....................................................................................3-65 Table 3.18 Racial and Income Characteristics of the Census Blocks within the Project Corridor in Burlington County .......................................................3-85 Table 3.19 Racial and Income Characteristics of the Census Blocks within the Project Corridor in Mercer County ...........................................................3-86 Table 3.20 Racial and Economic Characteristics of the Census Blocks within the Project Corridor in Middlesex County .......................................................3-86 Table 3.21 County Thresholds for Minority Residents and Persons Living in Poverty............3-87 Table 3.22 Census Blocks in the Project Corridor with High Percentages of Minority Residents...............................................................................3-88 Table 3.23 Census Block Groups in the Project Area with High Concentrations of Low-Income Persons ............................................................................3-93 Table 3.24 Project Corridor Farmland Summary....................................................... 3-102 Table 3.25 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Mansfield Township...................... 3-104 Table 3.26 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Bordentown Township ................... 3-130 Table 3.27 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Chesterfield Township ................... 3-130 Table 3.28 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Hamilton Township....................... 3-131 Table 3.29 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Washington Township ................... 3-133 Table 3.30 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: East Windsor Township ................. 3-134 Table 3.31 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Cranbury Township ...................... 3-135 Table 3.32 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: Monroe Township ........................ 3-135 Table 3.33 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: South Brunswick Township ............. 3-136 Table 3.34 Farmland Located in the Project Corridor: South Brunswick Township ............. 3-137 Table 3.35 Open Space in the Project Corridor: Bordentown Township ........................... 3-159 Table 3.36 Open Space in the Project Corridor: Hamilton Township .............................. 3-160 Table 3.37 Parks and Open Space in the Project Corridor: Washington Township .............. 3-173 Table 3.38 Parks and Open Space in the Project Corridor: East Windsor Township ............ 3-173 Table 3.39 Parks and Open Space in the Project Corridor: East Brunswick Township ........................................................................................ 3-173 Table 3.40 Previously Documented Archaeological Resources within the Project Corridor................................................................................ 3-189 Table 3.41 Previously Documented Historic Properties and Districts in the Project Corridor................................................................................ 3-190 Table 3.42 Field-Identified Resources in the Project Corridor....................................... 3-191 Table 3.43 Geologic Units Within the Project Corridor............................................... 3-205 Table 3.44 Stream Surface Water Classification and Hydrological Characteristics .............. 3-227 Table 3.45 Estimated Drinking Water Consumption................................................... 3-252 Table 3.46 Available Flood Study Information ......................................................... 3-258 Table 3.47 FEMA Flood Zones ........................................................................... 3-259 Table 3.48 Stream Assessment Scores within the Project Corridor ................................. 3-264 Table 3.49 Vegetation Observed within the Project Corridor ........................................ 3-268 Table 3.50 Delineated Wetlands South of Interchange 6 .............................................. 3-289 Table 3.51 Delineated Wetlands Between Interchanges 6 and 7 ..................................... 3-290 Table 3.52 Delineated Wetlands Between Interchanges 7 and 7A ................................... 3-291

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Table 3.53 Delineated Wetlands Between Interchanges 7A and 8 ................................... 3-293 Table 3.54 Delineated Wetlands on the Northbound Side of Expanded Interchange 8........... 3-296 Table 3.55 Delineated Wetlands on the Southbound Side of Interchange 8 ........................ 3-297 Table 3.56 Delineated Wetlands Between Interchanges 8 and 8A ................................... 3-298 Table 3.57 Field-Assessed Wetlands and Associated Buffer Areas Between Interchanges 8A and 9......................................................................... 3-301 Table 3.58 Wildlife Observed Within the Project Corridor........................................... 3-304 Table 3.59 NJ Turnpike Infrastructure Inventory (Utilities and Transportation Facilities) from Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 9 ....................................... 3-314 Table 3.60 Annual and Average Daily Utility Demand at Service Area 6S ....................... 3-349 Table 3.61 Burlington County Solid Waste Data – 2003.............................................. 3-351 Table 3.62 Mercer County Solid Waste Data – 2003 .................................................. 3-352 Table 3.63 Middlesex County Solid Waste Data – 2003 .............................................. 3-355 Table 3.64 Annual Volume of Solid Waste Generated at the Service Area between Assiscunk Creek and Interchange 9 – 2005 ............................................... 3-356 Table 3.65 Basic Freeway Segments: Level of Service Criteria ..................................... 3-377 Table 3.66 Weaving Segment: Level of Service Criteria ............................................. 3-378 Table 3.67 Ramp Junction: Level of Service Criteria ................................................. 3-378 Table 3.68 New Jersey Turnpike Manual Turning Movement Count Locations and Elements.................................................................................... 3-389 Table 3.69 New Jersey Turnpike Automatic Traffic Recorder Count Locations and Elements.................................................................................... 3-390 Table 3.70 2005 Existing Level of Service Summary, Mainline and Weaving Segment Analysis .............................................................................. 3-415 Table 3.71 2005 Existing Level of Service Summary, Ramp Junction Analysis .................. 3-417 Table 3.72 Vehicular Accidents on New Jersey Turnpike Mainline Segments and Interchange Ramps by County (2001-2004).......................................... 3-418 Table 3.73 New Jersey Turnpike Mainline Vehicular Accidents Data Analysis Between Interchanges 6 and 8A (2002-2003) ............................................. 3-419 Table 3.74 New Jersey Turnpike Interchange Vehicular Accidents Data Analysis Between Interchanges 6 and 8A (2002-2003) ............................................. 3-420 Table 3.75 Accident Rates (2002-2003), New Jersey Mainline (M.P. 48.0 to 78.0)............. 3-423 Table 3.76 National and New Jersey Ambient Air Quality Standards .............................. 3-430 Table 3.77 New Jersey State Monitored Ambient Air Quality Data (Year 2003)................. 3-432 Table 3.78 New Jersey State Monitored Ambient Air Quality Data (Year 2004)................. 3-433 Table 3.79 New Jersey State Monitored Ambient Air Quality Data (Year 2005)................. 3-434 Table 3.80 NJ Turnpike Interchange 6-8A Widening Project Predicted Maximum Carbon Monoxide Concentration............................................................ 3-438 Table 3.81 NJ Turnpike Interchange 6-8A Widening Project Predicted Maximum Carbon Monoxide Concentration............................................................ 3-438 Table 3.82 NJ Turnpike Interchange 6-8A Widening Project Predicted Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Concentration .......................................................... 3-439 Table 3.83 NJ Turnpike Interchange 6-8A Widening Project Predicted Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Concentration .......................................................... 3-439 Table 3.84 Examples of Common Sounds: A-weighted Sound Level in Decibels ................ 3-441

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Table 3.85 24-Hour Noise Measurement Results....................................................... 3-444 Table 3.86 24-Hour Noise Measurement Results....................................................... 3-457 Table 3.87 24-Hour Noise Measurement Results....................................................... 3-458 Table 3.88 24-Hour Noise Measurement Results....................................................... 3-459 Table 3.89 Short-Term Noise Measurement Results................................................... 3-461 Table 3.90 Previous Noise Measurement Results ...................................................... 3-464 Table 4.1 Estimate of Persons Displaced Due to the Proposed Widening ..........................4-13 Table 4.2 Profile of Housing Availability in Affected Census Block Groups ......................4-16 Table 4.3 Construction Employment and Income Generation Associated with the Proposed Project ......................................................................4-19 Table 4.4 Potential Business Displacements – East Windsor Township ............................4-21 Table 4.5 Proposed, Approved and Planned Developments in the Project Corridor..............4-29 Table 4.6 Development Potential Matrix .................................................................4-31 Table 4.7 Demographic Profile of Areas with Occupied Residential Units to be Potentially Displaced ............................................................................4-35 Table 4.8 Project Corridor Farmland Acquisition Summary..........................................4-38 Table 4.9 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Mansfield Township........4-39 Table 4.10 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Bordentown Township .....4-40 Table 4.11 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Chesterfield Township .....4-41 Table 4.12 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Hamilton Township ........4-42 Table 4.13 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Washington Township .....4-43 Table 4.14 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: East Windsor Township ...4-44 Table 4.15 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Cranbury Township ........4-45 Table 4.16 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: Monroe Township ..........4-46 Table 4.17 Farmland Acquisitions Located in the Project Corridor: South Brunswick Township ..........................................................................................4-47 Table 4.18 Community Facility Impact Summary........................................................4-51 Table 4.19 Parks and Open Spaces Impacted Directly – Bordentown Township ...................4-53 Table 4.20 Parks and Open Spaces Impacted Indirectly – Washington Township ..................4-54 Table 4.21 Parks and Open Spaces Impacted Directly – East Windsor Township..................4-54 Table 4.22 Impacts to Historic Architectural Resources Identified within the APE ................4-58 Table 4.23 Project Area Stream Crossings ................................................................4-93 Table 4.24 Proposed Stream Crossing Widening Methods and Associated Impacts to Aquatic Biota ..................................................................................4-98 Table 4.25 Upland Vegetation Impacts................................................................... 4-100 Table 4.26 Potential Wetland/Watercourse Impacts.................................................... 4-104 Table 4.27 Potential Impacts to Utilities and Transportation Facilities from Assiscunk Creek to Interchange 9 ........................................................................ 4-118 Table 4.28 Summary of Major Utility Relocations by Utility Companies.......................... 4-128 Table 4.29 List of Class B Recycling Facilities Processing Authorized Construction and Demolition Waste Materials within the Respective Solid Waste Management Districts along the NJ Turnpike Project Corridor........................ 4-130 Table 4.30 Solid Waste Volume Projections and Increases based on Traffic Volume Projections for the 2012 and 2032 Build Years ........................................... 4-134

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Table 4.31 Existing and Future County-Level Population Projections NJTPA and DVRPC Travel Model Counties............................................................. 4-145 Table 4.32 Existing and Future County-Level Household Projections NJTPA and DVRPC Travel Model Counties............................................................. 4-146 Table 4.33 Existing and Future County-Level Employment Projections NJTPA and DVRPC Travel Model Counties............................................................. 4-147 Table 4.34 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) Forecast on the New Jersey Turnpike Due to the New Interstate 95-PA Turnpike Interchange .................... 4-150 Table 4.35 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (without N.J. Route 92) - Weekday AM Peak Hour ...................................................... 4-152 Table 4.36 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (without N.J. Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour ...................................................... 4-153 Table 4.37 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (without N.J. Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour ......................................................... 4-154 Table 4.38 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (without N.J. Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour ........................................................ 4-155 Table 4.39 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (with NJ Route 92) Weekday AM Peak Hour.................................................... 4-158 Table 4.40 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (with NJ Route 92) Weekday PM Peak Hour .................................................... 4-159 Table 4.41 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (with NJ Route 92) Friday PM Peak Hour ....................................................... 4-160 Table 4.42 Projected 2012 and 2032 Turnpike Mainline Traffic Volumes (with NJ Route 92) Sunday PM Peak Hour....................................................... 4-161 Table 4.43 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-164 Table 4.44 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-165 Table 4.45 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-166 Table 4.46 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-167 Table 4.47 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-169 Table 4.48 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-170 Table 4.49 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-171

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Table 4.50 2012 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-172 Table 4.51 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-173 Table 4.52 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-174 Table 4.53 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-175 Table 4.54 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-176 Table 4.55 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Ramps) Conditions................................................ 4-179 Table 4.56 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Ramps) Conditions................................................ 4-180 Table 4.57 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Ramps) Conditions................................................ 4-181 Table 4.58 2032 Level of Service Summary (without NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-182 Table 4.59 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-185 Table 4.60 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-186 Table 4.61 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-187 Table 4.62 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-188 Table 4.63 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Ramps) Conditions................................................ 4-189 Table 4.64 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Ramps) Conditions................................................ 4-190

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Table 4.65 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-191 Table 4.66 2012 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-192 Table 4.67 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-194 Table 4.68 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-195 Table 4.69 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-196 Table 4.70 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Mainline Segment Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadways) Conditions............................................ 4-197 Table 4.71 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday AM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-199 Table 4.72 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Weekday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-200 Table 4.73 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Friday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-201 Table 4.74 2032 Level of Service Summary (with NJ Route 92) – Sunday PM Peak Hour Ramp Junction Analysis: Comparison of No-Build With Build (Inner and Outer Roadway Ramps) Conditions.................................... 4-202 Table 4.75 Projected Accidents – 2012 No-Build Condition New Jersey Turnpike Mainline (M.P. 48.0 to 78.0) ................................................................ 4-208 Table 4.76 Projected Accidents – 2032 No-Build Condition New Jersey Turnpike Mainline (M.P. 48.0 to 78.0) ................................................................ 4-209 Table 4.77 Projected Accidents – 2012 Build Condition New Jersey Turnpike Mainline (M.P. 48.0 to 78.0) ................................................................ 4-210 Table 4.78 Projected Accidents – 2032 Build Condition New Jersey Turnpike Mainline (M.P. 48.0 to 78.0) ................................................................ 4-211 Table 4.79 Estimated 2005 Peak Hour NJ Turnpike Travel Times Between Origin- Destination Pairs ............................................................................... 4-227 Table 4.80 Estimated 2032 No-Build Peak Hour Travel Time Between Selected Origin- Destination Pairs Comparison with 2005 Peak Hour Travel Times ................... 4-228 Table 4.81 Estimated 2032 Build Peak Hour Travel Time Between Selected Origin- Destination Pairs Comparison with 2005 Peak Hour Travel Times ................... 4-229

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Table 4.82 Predicted 2012 Maximum Carbon Monoxide Concentration 1-hour Concentration ................................................................................... 4-233 Table 4.83 Predicted 2012 Maximum Carbon Monoxide Concentration 8-hour Concentration ................................................................................... 4-233 Table 4.84 Predicted 2012 Maximum Carbon Monoxide Impact from Project 1-hour CO Impact....................................................................................... 4-234 Table 4.85 Predicted 2012 Maximum Carbon Monoxide Impact from Project 8-hour CO Impact....................................................................................... 4-234 Table 4.86 Predicted 2012 Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Concentration 24-hour Concentration ................................................................................... 4-237 Table 4.87 Predicted 2012 Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Concentration Annual Average Concentration........................................................................ 4-237 Table 4.88 Predicted 2012 Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Impact from Project 24-hour Impact ................................................................................. 4-238 Table 4.89 Predicted 2012 Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Impact from Project Annual Average Concentration .............................................................. 4-238 Table 4.90 Predicted 2012 Maximum Carbon Monoxide Concentration 1-Hour Concentration ................................................................................... 4-241 Table 4.91 Predicted 2012 No-Build Maximum Carbon Monoxide Concentration 8-Hour Concentration ......................................................................... 4-241 Table 4.92 Predicted 2012 Carbon Monoxide Beneficial Effect 1-Hour CO ...................... 4-242 Table 4.93 Predicted 2012 Carbon Monoxide Beneficial Effect 8-Hour CO ...................... 4-242 Table 4.94 Predicted 2012 Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Concentration 24-hour Concentration ................................................................................... 4-243 Table 4.95 Predicted 2012 Maximum Particulates (PM2.5) Concentration Annual Average Concentrations....................................................................... 4-244 Table 4.96 Predicted 2012 Particulates (PM2.5) Beneficial Effect from Project 24-hour PM2.5 ................................................................................... 4-244 Table 4.97 Predicted 2012 Particulates (PM2.5) Beneficial Effect from Project Annual Average PM2.5 ........................................................................ 4-244 Table 4.98 Existing and Future Noise Levels at Monitored Receptor Sites 2032 No-Build Alternative .......................................................................... 4-249 Table 4.99 Existing and Future Noise Levels at Monitored Receptor Sites 2032 Build Alternative – AM Peak Period ....................................................... 4-255 Table 4.100 Future Build Noise Levels With and Without Noise Barriers, New Jersey Turnpike Interchange 6-9 Widening ........................................................ 4-260 Table 5.1 2032 No-Build Peak Hour Level of Service (without Route 92).......................... 5-2 Table 5.2 2032 No-Build Peak Hour Volumes and Level of Service (without Route 92)......... 5-2 Table 5.3 2032 No-Build Peak Hour Volumes and Level of Service (with Route 92)............. 5-3 Table 5.4 2032 Model-Estimated No-Build Peak Hour Travel Times................................ 5-4

1.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT