Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
New Internet routing architectures to reduce carbon emissions
Bill St. Arnaud
CANARIE Inc – www.canarie.ca
CANARIE Inc.- Overview
• Federal leadership: Concept born in 1990 out of Industry Canada discussions
• Founding: Incorporated in 1993 by industry and academia
• Funding: From Industry Canada: For networks and research applications from Canadian Heritage, HRDC, Health Canada
• Mission: To facilitate development and use of Canada’s advanced communications infrastructure
• Primary stakeholders: Universities, provincial research networks, broader research community, colleges, carriers, IT sector, SMEs, broader education sector, broader health sector, provinces
CA*net 5 Network
New 72 channel x 40 Gbps ROADM Networks
Boston
San Diego
Amsterdam
CA*net 4 Network details
> CA*net 4 is NOT a single homogenous network> CA*net 4 is made up of many virtual networks (APNs) with
separate management and control planes operated by users representing different communities and applications on a common substrate
– High energy physics network– Network for government research labs– Network for distributed computer backplane– Virtual networks for network research
> CANARIE developed special architecture to allow users to directly control switches, routers, lightpaths, VPNs, etc --UCLP
Driver for user controlled networks
> Increasingly more and more organizations are acquiring their own fiber networks– Universities, schools, hospitals, business
> Acquiring fiber in the long haul is very expensive to light and obtain– Alternative is to use “dim fiber” –point to point wavelengths– But want flexibility to do configuration and change management
as with dark fiber> Increasingly big business and big science needs dedicated
networks for specific applications and disciplines for high data volume grids– Want to be able to manipulate the network in the same way
they can manipulate the application
Condo fiber: Businesses see the light
> http://news.com.com/Dark+fiber+Businesses+see+the+light/2100-1037_3-5557910.html?tag=sas.email
> According to Ford if you are spending more than $7000/year on telecom than owning the network is a better deal
> Lighting up fiber used to be technically difficult, but CWDM has made it a no brianer
> Next generation CWDM will allow up to 80 Gbps for less than $5k with 10Gbps wavelength
NYC Condo build with Lexent Inc
What is UCLP?
> User Controlled LightPaths – a configuration and provisioning tool built around grid technology using web services
> Third party can concatenate cross connects together from various links, routers and switches to produce a wide are network that is under their control– Articulated Private Network (APN)– Next generation VPN
> Uses Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and so network can be integrated with other web service applications
High Level “Architecture”
Resource Management Layer
Service Orchestration Layer
(BPEL)
User Access Layer
Eclipse Main PanelEclipse Main Panel
SCSWS
ons-ott01ons-tor01ons-mon01ons-nyc01
LPWS
Ott-Hal LP
Endpoints
gigE - ons-tor01gigE - ons-mon01
My Canada APN #1
Model View
Problems Status
Ressource Explorer
BPEL EngineCanarie Engine
Deployed ServicesOtt-Mon LPMon-Hal LP
CRC EngineDeployed Services
Ott-Hal LP
Import Ressources
My Canada APN #1
BPEL SourcePhysical View
LP-WS ITF-WS
XC-WS 802.1q-WS GMPLS-WS VR-WS INS-WS
APN-WS LPO-WS
Software Appliance
Software Appliance
Service Oriented Architectures
Changing the Business Structure
Impact of SOA and WS on networks
> By exposing internal processes as WS allow these services to be exported or connected directly to external services
> Removes hierarchy> Eliminates “network of layers”
– Traditional telecom NMS and OSS is vertical and centralized– SOA allows network components and services to be accessed
horizontally as well as vertically and externally
Bill Gate’s vision of Science & Business in 2020: Project Neptune
Source: Tony Hey Microsoft
Undersea Sensor
Network
Connected & Controllable
Over the Internet
Sensors, instruments, network elements controlled over the Internet using – web services & workflow
Source: Tony Hey Microsoft
The Means: NEPTUNE -CANARIE Project
> Embrace open standards to further innovation, collaboration and knowledge sharing (Open Source, Linux, OASIS)
> Migration from proprietary or legacy instrument control schemes (RS-232, RS-485, LECIS, SCADA)
> Abstract and service-enable system end-points (instruments, PC control stations, compute clusters, data management or analytical applications)
> Introduce a loosely-coupled integration fabric which places the burden on the “service bus” rather than the end-points (SOA, ESB, SOAP/XML)
> Exploit reliable asynchronous messaging or synchronous messaging as a means for instrument control or data interchange
> Research driven process and service choreography (BPEL, BPEL4WS)
> Adopt self describing data packets that can be inspected or transformed in transit (XML)
> Provide dynamic and ever-evolving experimental design or conditional handling support via content based routing for alerting, workflow, and event management
To adopt and further refine CANARIE to realize a generic web-service enabled telemetry and control system for VENUS and NEPTUNE
Many Industries Share CANARIE’s Objectives
> Complex business processes often need to connect to resources and systems beyond the world of IT and computer users. They link network endpoints like RFID, telematics, sensor networks, along with the necessary network protocols - bandwidth
> It also involves the sorting, sifting, and analysis of data gathered by networks of intelligent devices. Data analysis and business intelligence software, linked with device or sensor networks, helps organizations deal with the onslaught of data that such networks will create.
“The Seeds Of The Next Big Thing: Sketching The Fourth Wave Of Growth For The Technology Economy”
Forester Research Inc, June 2005
Networks Capable Platforms
Networks Capable Platforms
Physical Domain Management
Create Predefined Scenarios
• Give LIMITED control to users via invocable network scenarios.
Integrated Grid-Lightpath Workflow
UCLP intended for projects like National LambdaRail
UoT acquires a separate wavelength between Seattle and Chicago and wants to manage it as part of its network including add/drop, routing, partition etc
NLR Condominium lambda network
UltraSciencewave
Eucalyptus Participatory Design Studio Grid – using UCLP and SOA
> Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS), Carleton University, Canada
The Participatory Design Studio will allow architects and industrial designers at multiple locations to collaborate in real time by sharing computational resources, geometry datasets, and multimedia content. The expected result is the development and field testing of a Service Oriented Architecture utilizing User Controlled Light Paths (UCLPv2) on CA*net 4 that provides university architecture staff and students in Ottawa and Montreal with on-demand simultaneous shared access to visualization, modeling, and visual communication tools. The project is innovative because commercially available architectural tools not originally intended for long-distance use will become easy-to-use powerful enablers of long-distance design participation.
Source: Maxine Brown
Winter Simulation Conference 2006 • Monterey, California • December 2006
CIMS-Ottawa - home
CIMS-La Jolla - remote
Eucalyptus: Collaborative Architecture Design between California and Canada
Source: Gabriel Wainer
Eucalyptus Network (APN)
San Diego State this spring
Source: Gabriel Wainer
Next Generation Internet Initiatives
> USA – NSF– FIND – Future Internet Directions - $40m PI driven research program– GENI – Global Experimental Network Initiative – proposed $350m
infrastructure to support next generation Internet research > USA DARPA
– NewARCH – New Internet Architecture – CORONET - Dynamic Multi-Terabit Core Optical Networks:
Architecture, Protocols, Control and Management– CBMANET - Control-Based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking
> EU– INTERNET OF THE FUTURE - $200m PI driven 7th framework research
program– Autonomic networks and self organizing networks
> JAPAN– NGI – Next Generation Internet Initiative
GENI Facility Conceptual Design
Slicing, Virtualization, Programmability
Mobile Wireless Network
Sensor Network
Edge Site
Source: Peter Freeman NSF
Biggest Challenge facing Belgium and the World
> Global Warming
> This is the imperative for our generation and for our planet
> The EU has affirmed that at least a 15-30% cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 will be needed to keep the temperature increase under 2 °C, and a deeper reduction by 60-80% may be needed by 2050.
> It will be necessary to go beyond incremental improvements in energy efficiency, current life-styles and business practices.
An Inefficient Truth
> ICT carbon footprint surpasses that of aviation industry
> One small computer server generates as much carbon dioxide as a SUV with a fuel efficiency of 15 miles per gallon.
> The ICT industry in the UK consumes the equivalent amount of electricity as produced by 4 nuclear reactors.
> The aviation industry is already going to great lengths to
mitigate its carbon footprint
> http://www.globalactionplan.org.uk/news_detail.aspx?nid=62992fb1-c745-4738-bf96-f4acfd08088a
Optical networks and lightpaths produce very little carbon
> ICT’s CO2 reduction impact is 10x more than its direct CO2 Production*
> There is a potential to allow the ICT sector to provide leadership. This is a sector that is used to rapid changes and has many of the most innovative people
> The future of research network infrastructure is not only about supporting research and education but also about building network architectures and business models that help reduce carbon dioxide emissions
> Research and education networks and university CIOs should play a critical leadership role in experimenting and deploying new network and eInfrastructures that minimize the carbon footprints.
* www.etno.be/Portals/34/ETNO%20Documents/Sustainability/Climate%20Change%20Road%20Map.pdf
Cisco ICT Carbon reduction blueprint
Virtualize your network to reduce CO2 emission
Virtualize your network to reduce CO2 emission
Significant Economic opportunities
> Many of these techniques and practices will also lead to exciting new business opportunities.
> Countries that will be the first to deploy ICT strategies to mitigate global warming will be the new economic powerhouses
> Cisco taking initiative in this area with their $15m Connected Urban Development strategy to help cities deploy ICT solutions to reduce CO2 emissions.
> IBM has announced a virtual server program where business and universities can earn up to $1 million in carbon offset credits by dismantling energy intensive physical servers
Internet architecture to reduce carbon emissions
Virtual routers split along address blocks
Each lightpath traffic engineered (pre sorted) to carry packets for a given address block
0.x.x.x -63.x.x.x64.x.x.x-127.x.x.x
128.x.x.x -191.x.x.x192.x.x.x-255.x.x.x
0.x.x.x -63.x.x.x64.x.x.x-127.x.x.x
127.x.x.x192.x.x.x
Details of Internet networks to reduce carbon emissions
> Build multiple (roughly) parallel virtual networks on an optical substrate using UCLP (or GENI)
> Split up Internet forwarding table along /16 (or finer) boundaries and assign each forwarding table to separate lightpath networks with their own routing and topology
> Encourage edge connected users to pre-sort packets aligned with address block boundaries for each connected lightpath
> Build widely distributed, heavily parallelized routed network with routing nodes at renewable energy sites
> Use thousands of cheap PC based routers (or virtual routers) to do fowarding and routing for each address block network
> Encourage remote forwarding with optical back haul using dedicated optical channels to customers
> Use standard Internet re-routing for the “follow the sun” and “follow the wind” strategies as routers come on and off line
Current FTTh business plans have serious challenges
> Current FTTh business plans are predicated on triple play with typical targets
– 40% takeup – $130 (or higher) per month revenue per customer
> But voice and long distance revenue declining annually and will continue to do so
– Many homes dropping land lines altogether
> Most broadcast TV and film distribution is moving to Internet with no revenue flowing to content delivery companies like cable or IPTV
> Many companies offering free Internet when packaged with other service offerings such as satellite, groceries and other services
– Inuk, Sky, TalkTalk, Google, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless etc
> Bottom line – unlikely that triple or quadruple play will underwrite capital cost of FTTh in brownfields
A New Business Strategy for last mile infrastructure
> Combine FTTh with resale of electrical and gas power – Consumers and business spend considerably more on electricity and gas than on
telephone, cable or broadband combined> Many companies worldwide specialize in sale of retail energy – gas and
electricity– They make money on arbitrage between long term contract (typically 5 years) of retail
power at fixed price and wholesale and/or futures market– Billing is done by energy utility and payments then made to retailer
> Customers also encouraged to save money through reduced energy consumption
– Higher premium for “Green Broadband” will be an incentive to reduce consumption – May end up paying substantially less then they do now for gas + electricity +
broadband + telephone + cable> But since broadband is now a loss leader, we must keep broadband OPEX
and CAPEX costs as low as possible…– QoS, NGN, etc don’t make sense
Direct EnergyOne of North America’s largest resellers
Last mile customer owned fiber
ISP BYahoo
Splice Box
Condominium Fiber Trunk
Up
to
15 k
m
Customer owns fiber strand or micro conduit all the way toNeighborhood Node Colo
XX
864 strands
RBOC
Google Neighbourhood Colo
Colo Facility
Business with dual connections
to their own strands
School
School
Advantages for consumer
> Free Gigabit bandwidth* to a neighbourhood node or transit exchange– *In fact customer can chose any bandwidth they want
> Free telephony** and free cable with Inuk*** (or equivalent)– **May be some small long distance charges– ***Canadian regulations may require some fees to be applied
> Customer negotiates with ISP or carrier of their choice to install ONT or simple media hub at the premises
– Customers who only want high speed Internet can purchase media hub for about $200 which includes laser, Gbe transceiver etc
– Power users can even establish layer 1 peer to peer networks
> Bundled costs of energy and broadband significantly less than buying separately because of long term contract
> Incentive to significantly reduce energy and broadband costs by reducing energy consumption
– Earn Kyoto CO2 credits on energy savings and telecommuting
Neighbourhood Colo and RPON
Passive OpticalSplitter
TDM or WDMreturn
Aggregator (AOL or RBOC))
NeighborhoodColo Node
OXC
Customer Controlled or Owned Fiber
Active laser & optional CWDM at customer premises
Only the contractedSP provides return signal
Yahoo
Service provider can be several km away
Thank you
> More information> http://green-broadband.blogspot.com> http://billstarnaud.blogspot.com/> http://www.canarie.ca/canet4/library/recent_presenta
tions.html
>
