Upload
deborah-doyle
View
225
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
NEW INDUSTRIALIZATION
2nd Phase of the Industrial Revolution
New vs. Old
1870 is the rough dividing line between Old IR and New IR
1870-1914 industrialization spreads to France, Italy, Russia, Japan, Germany and the US
US Industrializes
Industry grows HUGE after Civil War Leading industrial power by 1914 36% of worlds manufactured goods Why?
Government played a big role Mass production Culture of consumption
Widening gap between classes!
At each table you will read about and note the effects of a key invention/change/result of the second phase of the industrial revolution.
New Industrialization Stations
CHANGE 1:NEW INNOVATIONS & INVENTIONS
Telegraph and telephone increase communication
Bessemer process lowers the cost of steel and encourages construction
Electricity
CHANGE 2: THE RISE OF “BIG BUSINESS”
Businesses Grow Larger
Horizontal integration—buy up every company in the same business
Vertical integration—take control of each step of the production & distribution of a product
Andrew Carnegie (Vertical in Steel Business)
John Rockefeller (Horizontal in Oil Business)
Monopolies
One business is the only supplier of a particular item
Example: If AT&T were the only cell phone company in the United States, they would have a monopoly. Why might this be problematic?
Monopolies
Businesses formed monopolies and trusts Controlled all of one kind of business Allowed them to set prices
Why wasn’t the government regulating this behavior…
Government Leaves Business Alone…Sort of
1. Laissez-faire policies
2. Social Darwinism
Laissez Faire Policies
“Hands off” policies which allowed businesses to do whatever they wanted Market will regulate itself by supply and
demand and government should not intervene
Social Darwinism
Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution The best-run businesses led by the most
capable people would survive prosper “Survival of the fittest”
Herbert Spencer explained his idea of Social Darwinism in 1851.
“It seems hard that those without skills …should experience hunger... It seems hard that a laborer stopped by sickness from competing with his stronger workers should have to suffer the resulting loss. It seems hard that widows and orphans should be left to struggle for life or death. [Even so], in…the interests of universal humanity, these harsh deaths [have a good effect]…they bring to early graves the children of diseased parents.”
In Reality…
Businesses bribed legislators to pass laws favoring their companies “Our political leaders are hired, by bribery…
to conduct the government of a city, state, nation, not for the common good, but for the interests of private business.”
Government sells resources to companies at very low prices
Free Write?
How should we judge the business giants of the Gilded Age? Are they robber barons for the way they
gained their wealth and the lordly style in which they lived
or Captains of industry who helped usher in
our modern economy
CHANGE 3:CHANGES IN THE WORKPLACE
Assembly Lines & Scientific Management
Fredrick Taylor & Henry Ford Interchangeable parts No wasted time Workers stand in one place all day,
performing the same task over and over Workers feel as though they have
become machines
Modern Times
Consider how the video clip of Charlie Chaplin from the movie Modern Times demonstrates the effects and impacts of the assembly line. (and makes fun of it )
Child Labor
Up to 18% of the workforce during the Gilded Age
Working Conditions
Many companies forced people to work in brutal conditions As much as 6 days a week, 12 hours a day Got no vacation, sick leave, unemployment
compensation, or reimbursement for injuries suffered on the job.
1882, an average of 675 laborers were killed in work-related accidents each week