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Unit Ten Unit Ten New Horizon English Course Section A Section A Why Do Boys and Girls Learn Differently?

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New Horizon English Course. Section A Why Do Boys and Girls Learn Differently?. CO NT ENTS. Warming Up. Reading Through. Exercises. Text A. Main Idea & Structure. Words & Expressions. Warming up. Activity I. Spot Dictation. Activity II. Watch and Discuss. Spot Dictation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: New Horizon English Course

Unit TenUnit Ten

New Horizon English CourseNew Horizon English Course

Section ASection A

Why Do Boys and Girls Learn Differently?

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Unit TenUnit Ten

COCONTNTENTSENTS

Warming Up

Text A

Reading Through

Exercises

Main Idea & Structure

Words & Expressions

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Spot Dictation

Activity I

Activity II

Watch and Discuss

Warming up

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Directions: The following paragraph is taken from Text A. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks without referring to the original text.

A team of ___________ discovered that there are strong __________ between how boys and girls are ________: while daughters in their study were often kept close to their parents, sons were ___________ to move _____________ and to develop____________.

researchers

differences raised

on their own

independence

encouraged

Spot Dictation

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2. What is the woman’s traditional status? Are there any changes in modern society?

Watch the video and discuss the following topics.

1. What do you think of “Boys will be boys”? What does it imply?

Watch & Discuss

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“Boys will be boys, and girls will be girls” is a deeply rooted conviction held by people in ancient China. In the old days, women are supposed to do things women must do, like doing the laundry and cooking, caring for the children and taking care of their husband, spinning and weaving, etc.

Lucky as Mu Lan who was good at many things, such as fighting, running, shooting, riding, and even reading and writing, which are only supposed to what boys can do, still her place is “in the home”. Mu Lan is sixteen now and “old enough to marry a good husband” according to her mother.

1. What do you think of “Boys will be boys”? What does it imply?

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It is traditionally believed that a woman’s place is in the home. There are many tasks for a woman to do, such as caring for the children, do cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing, and even looking after her husband.

In modern society, however, it is possible for a woman to go out of the home. Families today tend to be small with only one child. Thus a woman’s whole period of child-care may occur within at most five years. As for housework, washing machines can wash a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods. The wife never has to do sewing and mending since good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

2. What is the woman’s traditional status? Are there any changes in modern society?

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Reading Through Reading Through

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ChineseChinese

Do you believe that only boys do well in science? Does it seem to you that girls have better vocabularies than boys? If your answers are “yes”, you may be right, according to an article in Current Science. While it is important to read things with an open mind, here are some of the article’s findings. On average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. Females, on the other hand, do better on tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory.

Text A Para. 1-2

Why Do Girls and Boys Learn Differently?

Text A

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ChineseText A Para. 3-4

Usually, too, baby girls talk at an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think there is a physical reason for this. They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys. It is this side of the brain that strongly influences a person’s ability to use words, to spell, and to remember. According to the article, by the time they start school, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have: girls are physically more ready to remember facts, to spell, and to read. These, of course, are skills that are very important as children first begin school.

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What, then, is happening with boys during their years before starting school? Some people say that society is teaching them to be more forceful than girls. A forceful person is said to be unafraid of questioning others, and to be an independent thinker. What produces such force in little boys? It has long been assumed that it is the result of chemistry in the male body. Scientists today, however, believe that there are other, outside, factors too. They say such force is learned from parents.

ChineseText A Para. 5-6

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A team of researchers discovered that there are strong differences between how boys and girls are raised: while daughters in their study were often kept close to their parents, sons were encouraged to move on their own and to develop independence. As a result, it is easy to understand why little girls often perform school tasks better than boys, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeying orders, and accepting the teacher’s ideas. A girl may do very well in school, while a boy the same age may bring home lower marks. Why, then, do so few girls become great scientists?

ChineseText A Para. 7-8

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While boys are taught in society to be more forceful, and to solve problems themselves, girls, on the other hand, are not encouraged to be this way. Girls, therefore, are often limited to getting high marks in school for remembering what the teacher has told them, instead of being allowed to question without fear like boys. In today’s world, most people believe that this situation is wrong, and that there is a solution: if men and women were both encouraged to learn and to solve problems in the same ways, more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone.

ChineseText A Para. 9-10

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Meaning: While it is important for us to read things with a mind that is ready for new ideas and opinions, let us have a look at some of the findings reported in the article.

1 While it is important to read things with an openmind, here are some of the article’s findings. (Para. 1)

Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

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Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

On average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability,and problem-solving skills. (Para. 2)

Meaning: Generally speaking, males get higher marks on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills.

2

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Meaning: What strongly influences a person’s ability to use words, to spell, and to remember things is this side of the brain.

It is this side of the brain that strongly influences a person’s ability to use words, to spell, and to remember. (Para. 3)

3

Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

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Some people say that society is teaching them to be more forceful than girls. (Para. 5)

4

Meaning: In some people’s opinion, society is teaching boys to be stronger and more powerful than girls.

Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

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A forceful person is said to be unafraid of questioning others, and to be an independent thinker. (Para. 5)

Meaning: People say a forceful person is not afraid of questioning others and has his/her own ideas or way of thinking.

5

Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

unafraid=not afraidNote that the word is formed with the prefix ( 前缀 ) “un-” which has a negative meaning.More examples:unknown 不为人知的 unpleasant 不愉快的 unrest 不安的 untie 解开 unmarried 未婚的 unnatural 不自然的

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A girl may do very well in school, while a boy the same age may bring home lower marks. (Para. 8)

Meaning: It is possible that a girl gets good marks in school, while a boy of the same age may come home with lower marks.

Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

a boy the same age=a boy who is as old as the girl

6

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7 … if men and women were both encouraged to learn and to solve problems in the same ways, more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone. (Para. 10)

Meaning:… if women are encouraged to learn and to solve problems in the same way as men are, there would be greater possibility for everyone in society to come up with new ideas.

Meaning of the SentencesMeaning of the Sentences

more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone=more room for new ideas from everyone would be available

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There are stereotyped ideas about gender differences. This section deals with the problem by comparing the ways of learning between boys and girls and exploring the factors that cause the differences. In the first paragraph, the writer raises the problem: boys do well in science while girls do well in vocabulary. In order to support this viewpoint, three findings are cited in the next three paragraphs. From Paragraphs 5 to 9, an analysis about the forcefulness of boys and the obedience of girls in their studies is made. In response to the introductory paragraph, the author offered a “solution” to the problem of gender difference in the last paragraph.

Main IdeaMain Idea

Main Idea & Structure

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StructureStructure

Main Idea: Many views are displayed to prove that boys and girls do learn differently. The forcefulness of boys and the obedience of girls are found even before their school years.

Main Idea: Many views are displayed to prove that boys and girls do learn differently. The forcefulness of boys and the obedience of girls are found even before their school years.

Main Idea: The genderdifferences are frowned upon by some people. And the solution to the problem is to encourage boys and girls to solve the problems in the same ways.

Main Idea: The genderdifferences are frowned upon by some people. And the solution to the problem is to encourage boys and girls to solve the problems in the same ways.

Main Idea: The two rhetorical questions introduce to us the problem: whether there are gender differences between boys and girls or not.

Main Idea: The two rhetorical questions introduce to us the problem: whether there are gender differences between boys and girls or not.

Part II: Para. 2-9Part II: Para. 2-9 Part III: Para. 10Part III: Para. 10Part I: Para. 1Part I: Para. 1

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New Words

Words & Expressions

mechanical

nerve

independent

finding

physical

forceful

assume

obey

perform

solution

mathematical

vocabulary

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Expressions

on (the/an) average

by the time

be limited to

on the one hand… and on the other (hand)

(all) on one’s own

Words & Expressions

do well in/do badly in

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finding: n.

[C] (often plural) something learnt as the result of an official inquiry (调查、研究的)结果

e.g. One of their study’s findings shows that girls and boys communicate in different ways.他们的研究结果之一表明女孩与男孩的交际方式不一样。

New words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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vocabulary: n.

【 1 】 [C; U] words known, learnt, used, etc. (学会或使用的)词汇(量) e.g. enlarge one’s vocabulary 扩充词汇量

【 2 】 [C] a list of words usually in alphabetical order and with explanations of their meanings, less complete than a dictionary 词(汇)表 e.g. You may look up this new word in the vocabulary of the textbook. 你可以在课本的词汇表中查找这个单词。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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mechanical: adj.

【 1 】 connected with machines and enginese.g. The breakdown was due to a mechanical failure. 抛锚是机械故障造成的。

【 2 】 (disapproving) (of people’s behavior and actions) done without thinking, like a machine e.g. My work has become mechanical—I could do it in my

sleep. 我的工作开始变得机械呆板——我睡着了都能做。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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physical: adj.

connected with a person’s body rather than their mind 身体的,肉体的

e.g. The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical health. 痛苦的经历损害了她的身心健康。

physical (n) = physical examination 体检

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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mathematical: adj.

of or relating to mathematics 数学的

e.g. mathematical calculations 数学计算 a mathematical formula 数学公式e.g. He’s some kind of mathematical genius.

他有些数学天赋。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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【 1 】 [C] any of the threadlike parts of the body that form a system to carry feelings and messages to and from the brain 神经

【 2 】 [U] courage, determination and self-control 勇气;意志力

【 1 】 [C] any of the threadlike parts of the body that form a system to carry feelings and messages to and from the brain 神经

【 2 】 [U] courage, determination and self-control 勇气;意志力

nerve : n.

e.g. Caffeine is a substance that stimulates the nerves of the body. 咖啡因是种能刺激身体神经的物质。

e.g. He had the nerve to point out the mistake that his teacher had made in explaining the text.

他有勇气指出老师在解释课文时犯的一个错误。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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forceful: adj.

(of a person, words, ideas, etc.) strong, powerful坚强的;有说服力的

e.g. He has proved himself to be a forceful leader in dealing with the disaster. 在对这场灾难的处理中,他证明了自己是一位有魄力的领导

人。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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independent: adj.

not depending on the help, advice, or opinions of others; self-governing不受他人影响的;有独立见解的;自主的

e.g. India became independent (of Britain) in 1947. 印度于 1947 年(脱离英国)获得独立。

n. Independence

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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assume: vt.

【 1 】 believe something to be true without actually having proof that it is; suppose 假定;假设

e.g. Most people assume that actions speak louder than words. 大部分人认为行动胜于空谈(行动比言语更重

要)。

【 2 】 take or claim for oneself; begin to have or use 承担;担任e.g. You will assume your new duties tomorrow. 明天你就要承担新任务。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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perform: vt.

【 1 】 do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), especially according to a usual or established method 履行;实行;完成

e.g. The teacher praised him as he performed his school task so well. 由于在学校表现很好,老师表扬了他。

【 2 】 give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), especially in the presence of the public 表演;演戏;演奏

e.g. What play will be performed tonight? 今晚上演哪个剧目?

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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obey: v.

do what someone in a position of authority tells you to do, or to do what a law or rule says you must do 服从(权威) ; 遵守(指令、法律等)

e.g. Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。 We should obey the law. 我们应当遵守法律 。

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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solution: n.

[C] an answer to a difficulty or problem 解决;解答;解决方法e.g. It’s difficult to find a solution to this problem. 要找到这个问题的解决办法很难。

e.g. 某个问题的解决方法 the solution to a problem

New Words

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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1. 我希望你将来会干得好些。 I hope you’ll do better in the future.

2. 每年这个时候 , 公司生意总是不景气。 The company always does badly at this

time of year.

e.g. Do you believe that only boys do well in science?

你认为只有男孩在理科方面学得好吗?

do well/badly in 在 ······方面干得很好 / 糟糕

Expressions

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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Japanese on average live much longer than the Europeans.

People are changing careers on average every ten years now instead of staying in a job for life.

1. 日本人的平均年龄比欧洲人要高得多。

e.g. On average, males score higher on such tests. 一般而言,男性在这样的考试中得分较高。

2. 人们平均每十年换一个职业 , 而不是一辈子干一种工作。

on average 一般而言,平均

Expressions

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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一方面,她不得不照顾生病的儿子;另一方面,她努力成为优秀的老师。On the one hand, she had to look after her sick son; on the other, she tried her best to be a good teacher.

e.g. Females, on the other hand, do better on tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory.

而在词汇、拼写和记忆方面的测试中,女性则表现较好。

on (the) one hand, …, and on the other (hand) 一方面 ······,另一方面

Expressions

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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1. 当她来到时,已经下课了。 By the time she came, the class

was over.2. 当他到达那里时,她已经走了。

By the time he got there, she had

already left.

e.g. By the time they start school, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have.

到开始上学的时候,小女孩就具备了小男孩所没有的优势。

by the time 到 ······的时候;在······之前

Expressions

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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1. 她总是独立完成作业 She always finishes her homework on

her own. 2. 我无法一个人把车修好。 I was unable to repair the car all on my

own.

e.g. While daughters in their study were often kept close to their parents, sons were encouraged to move on their own and to develop independence.

当女儿学习时,父母常常伴随其左右,而对儿子则鼓励其自由活动,培养其自主能力。

(all) on one’s own 单独地;独自地

Expressions

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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1. 每位的演讲时间都应该限定在十分钟内。 Every speech should be limited to 10 minutes.2. 她的旅行仅限于法国的几处名胜。 Her travel has been limited to a few French resorts.

e.g. Girls, therefore, are often limited to getting high marks at school for remembering what the teacher has told them.

所以,女孩常常是因为记住了老师传授的东西而取得高分。

be limited to + n./doing 限于······

Expressions

Words & Words & ExpressionsExpressions

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ExercisesExercises Using the Right Word

Working with Expressions

Focusing on Sentence Structure

Translating

Using Topic-related Terms

Basic Writing Skills

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1. Students should be encouraged to be _____ thinkers. A. independent B. independence C. advantage D. average

2. Charlie thinks money will _____ all his problems. A. perform B. solve C. score D. force

Complete each of the following sentences by deciding on the most appropriate word from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.

A

B

Using the Right Word

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3. The doctor was _____ an operation to save the patient’s life.

A. acting B. limiting C. performing D. assuming

4. New medicines are _____ remarkable results in the treatment of cancer.

A. finding B. requiring C. solving D. producing

5. You should read more books to enlarge your _______. A. vocabulary B. memory C. brain D. score

D

A

C

Using the Right Word

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6. The good weather could be an important _____ in tomorrow’s game.

A. fact B. factor C. force D. activity

7. This kind of plant _____ a lot of water at all times. A. assumes B. limits C. produces D. requires

8. Soldiers are expected to _____ orders. A. obey B. ask C. do D. fear

B

A

D

Using the Right Word

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1. ______ the time Brian arrives at the airport, Tony has already been waiting there.

2. The Japanese, ________ average, live much longer than the Europeans.

3. They believe that nerves _______ the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than _______ boys.

Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb.

By

on

inin

Working with Expressions

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4. The old lady has been living _____ her own for ten years now.

5. The boy has to finish his homework instead ______ going out.

6. All flights had to be cancelled ______ a result of the pilots’ strike.

7. My mother limited us _______ one cake each for dinner.

8. ________ the one hand, I want to sell the house, but

________ the other, I can’t bear the thought of moving.

on

of

as

to

Working with Expressions

Onon

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A. Rewrite the following sentences after the models, emphasizing the underlined part of a sentence with a cleft sentence (部分强调句) .

Focusing on Sentence Structure

Model 1:

This side of the brain strongly influences a person’s ability

to use words, to spell and to remember. Key:

It is this side of the brain that/which strongly influences a person’s ability to use words, to spell and to

remember.

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Model 2: She lost her key on the way to the station.Key: It was on the way to the station that she lost her key..

1. I did not get your letter until yesterday.

2. She has bought two tickets for the 7:30 show.

3. Mary enjoys classical music.

It was not until yesterday that I got your letter.

It is two tickets that she has bought for the 7:30 show.

It is Mary who/that enjoys classical music.

Focusing on Sentence Structure

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Model 1: People have assumed this for a long time. It is the result of chemistry in the male body.Key: It has long been assumed that it is the result of

chemistry in the male body.

Model 2: People say this. 90 percent of the mystery shoppers are successful.Key: It is said that 90 percent of the mystery shoppers are successful.

B. Combine the following pairs of sentences after the models, using “it” for a subject clause.

Focusing on Sentence Structure

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1. People believe this. Baby girls talk at an earlier age than boys do.

2. There is a report about this. By the time they start school, girls are physically more ready

to remember facts, to spell, and to read.

3. People believe this. If men and women were both encouraged to learn and to

solve problems in the same ways, more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone.

It is believed that baby girls talk …

It is reported that by the time…

It is believed that if men and women…Focusing on Sentence Structure

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A. Translate the following into English.

Translating

1. 等他到机场时,飞机已经起飞了。 ( by the time) By the time he arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off.

2. 在校园里,车速被限制在每小时 10英里。 ( be limited to )

On campus, the car speed is limited to 10 miles per hour.

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3. 这对双胞胎姐妹( twin sisters )之间的不同之处在于:一个依赖父母,另一个却很自立。 ( one one’s own )

The difference between the twin sisters is that one is dependent on her parents, and the other is on her own.

4. 一方面汽车有用,可另一方面也造成污染。( pollution ) , (on the one hand... on the other hand)

On the one hand, cars are useful, but on the other (hand), they cause pollution.

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1. On average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills.

一般而言,在测试数学推理、机械能力和解决问题技能的考试中,男性得分较高。

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

2. It is the left side of the brain that strongly influences a person’s ability to use words, to spell, and to remember.

对一个人用词、拼写和记忆能力有重大影响的正是左半脑。Translating

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3. As a result, it is easy to understand why little girls often perform school tasks better than boys, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeying orders, and accepting the teacher’s ideas.结果,为什么小女孩往往较小男孩能更好地完成学校的功课就很容易理解了,尤其是如果这些功课是要求坐得端正、听从命令和接受老师意见。

4. Girls, therefore, are often limited to getting high marks in school for remembering what the teacher has told them, instead of being allowed to question without fear like boys.

所以,女孩常常是因为记住了老师传授的东西而取得高分,而不是像男孩那样准许大胆提问。

Translating

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Read the following underlined words and expressions related to the differences between boys and girls, and then, complete the passage with them. Remember to change the form where necessary.

1. Researchers discovered that there are strong differences between how boys and girls are raised.

2. A forceful person is said to be unafraid of

questioning others, and to be an independent thinker.

Using Topic-related Terms

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3. As a result, it is easy to understand why little girls often perform school tasks better than boys, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeying orders, and accepting the teacher’s ideas.

4. Girls, therefore, are often limited to getting high marks in school for remembering what the teacher has told them, instead of being allowed to question without fear like boys. 5. On average, males score higher on tests that measure the mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills.

Using Topic-related Terms

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There are some great (1) __________ between boys and

girls. Boys are likely to be (2) __________ , but they do not

(3)___________________ as well as girls. Girls usually

(4)_________ the orders of the teachers and get higher (5)

__________ than boys, but girls are not good at (6)

______________ since they are not used to questioning without

(7) ________ like boys.

differencesindependent

perform school tasks

obey

marksproblem-solving

fear

Using Topic-related Terms

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Unit TenUnit Ten

Rewrite the following passage, correcting all the mistakes in punctuation and capitalization.

1. her name at birth was norma jean baker. her life as a child

was like a bad dream. she lived with a number of different

people and often was not treated well.

Her name at birth was Norma Jean Baker. Her life as a child

was like a bad dream. She lived with a number of different

people and often was not treated well .

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2. at age sixteen norma jean married a sailor. but she soon ended that marriage. she changed her hair color from brown to shining gold. And she changed her name to marilyn monroe.

At age sixteen, Norma Jean married a sailor. But she soon ended that marriage. She changed her hair color from brown to shining gold. And she changed her name to Marilyn Monroe.

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She wanted to be an actress. And she succeeded. She appeared in a number of Hollywood movies. Millions of people went to see them. By the time Norma Jean had reached the age of twenty-six, her beautiful face and body had earned her a place as one of America’s leading movie stars.

3. she wanted to be an actress. and she succeeded. she appeared in a number of hollywood movies, millions of people went to see them. by the time norma jean had reached the age of twenty-six her beautiful face and body had earned her a place as one of america’s leading movie stars.

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4. but success and fame were not enough to make her happy. the troubles of her childhood days stayed with her. She drank too much alcohol, she took too many drugs.

5. at the age of thirty-six she took her own life.

At the age of thirty-six, she took her own life.

But success and fame were not enough to make her happy. The troubles of her childhood days stayed with her. She drank too much alcohol. She took too many drugs.

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Para. 1-2

你相信只有男孩能学好理科吗?在你看来,女孩比男孩更善言辞?如果你回答“是”,根据《当代科学》杂志的一篇文章,你也许是对的。读书不存先入为主之见固然重要,然而在这还是先介绍一些这篇文章中的研究结果。 一般而言,男性在测验数学推理、机械能力和解决问题等技能的考试中得分较高,而女性则在词汇、拼写和记忆力方面的测试中表现更好。

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Para. 3-4

女婴通常比男婴早学会说话。科学家认为这有其生理原因。他们认为女孩大脑左半部的神经比男孩的发育得更快,而对一个人用词、拼写和记忆能力有重大影响的正是左半脑。 根据这篇文章所说,到开始上学时,小女孩就具备了小男孩所没有的优势。女孩在生理上为记忆、拼写和阅读作了更好的准备,而这些技能当然是孩子上学之初非常重要的技能。

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Para. 5-6

那么,在开始上学的前几年,男孩又是怎样一种状况呢?有人说,社会教育他们要比女孩更坚强。据说一个坚强的人不畏惧向别人提出质疑,而且能够独立思考。 男孩身上的这股力量是怎么造成的呢?长期以来,人们认为这是男性体内的化学组织造成的。然而,当今科学家认为还有其他外部因素。他们说这种力量是从父母那里学来的。

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Para. 7-8

一组研究人员发现男孩和女孩的养育方式截然不同:当女儿学习时,父母常常伴随其左右,而对儿子他们却鼓励其自由活动,培养其自主能力。 结果,为什么小女孩往往较小男孩能更好地完成学校的功课就容易理解了,尤其是如果这些功课要求坐端正、听从命令和接受老师的意见。女孩可能在学校里学得很好,而同龄的男孩却可能拿着较差的分数回家。可为什么没有几个女孩成为伟大的科学家呢?

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Para. 9-10

当社会教育男孩要更坚强、自己解决问题的时候,社会却不鼓励女孩这样做。所以,女孩常常因为记住老师传授的东西而取得高分,而不像男孩那样被鼓励去大胆提问。 当今世界,大多数人都认为这种状况有问题,并且相信有办法解决:如果鼓励男女都以同样的方式去学习和解决问题的话,我们的社会就可能有更大的空间来容纳每个人的新思想。

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