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NewFLIGHT 1
NewFLIGHT 1
WORKBOOK
Berit Haugnes Bromseth • Lisbeth Wigdahl
© J.W. Cappelens Forlag AS, Oslo 2006
Materialet i denne publikasjonen er omfattet av åndsverklovens bestemmelser. Uten særskilt avtale med Cappelen Damm AS er enhver eksemplarframstilling ogtilgjengeliggjøring bare tillatt i den utstrekning det er hjemlet i lov eller tillattgjennom avtale med Kopinor, interesseorgan for rettighetshavere til åndsverk.
Utnyttelse i strid med lov eller avtale kanmedføre erstatningsansvar og inndragning, ogkan straffes med bøter eller fengsel.
New Flight 1–3 følger læreplanene forKunnskapsløftet i faget engelsk, og er laget tilbruk på grunnskolens ungdomstrinn.
Grafisk formgiver: Mette Lund DamslethOmslagsdesign: Séan BrewerOmslagsbilde: ScanpixIllustratør: Cecilie OkadaBilderedaktør: Una Thoresen DimolaForlagsredaktør: Hege Rødahl Scarpellino
Sats: Ellipse ASRepro: RenessanseMedia ASTrykk/innbinding: Livonia Print SIA, Latvia 2010
Utgave 1Opplag 3
ISBN 978-82-02-25044-7
www.cappelendamm.nohttp://newflight.cappelendamm.no
Innhold
Chapter 1 Day by day p. 7
Grammatikk: To be, to do, to have i
presens/nåtid
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale sh og tch
De fonetiske symbolene /ʃ/ og
/tʃ/
Nyttige ord og uttrykk på skolen, hvordan
presentere deg, nyttig å vite når du skal ringe
noen, litt matematikk
Chapter 2 Our four-legged friends
p. 31
Grammatikk: Adjektiv og hvordan bøye dem
Verb i presens ing-form
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale vokallydene i
for eksempel hot og bird
De fonetiske symbolene /ɒ/
og /�:/Ord om kjæledyr og gårdsdyr, hvordan uttrykke
hva du liker og ikke liker
Chapter 3 Two big cities p. 57
Grammatikk: Flertall av substantiv
Subjunksjonene who og which
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale th-lyden i for
eksempel think og that
De fonetiske symbolene /θ/og /ð/
Ord i byen, hvordan spørre om og forklare veien
3
Innhald
Chapter 1 Day by day p. 7
Grammatikk: To be, to do, to have i
presens/notid
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale sh og tch
Dei fonetiske symbola /ʃ/ og
/tʃ/
Nyttige ord og uttrykk på skolen, korleis
presentere deg, nyttig å vite når du skal ringje
nokon, litt matematikk
Chapter 2 Our four-legged friends
p. 31
Grammatikk: Adjektiv og korleis bøye dei
Verb i presens ing-form
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale vokallydane i til
dømes hot og bird
Dei fonetiske symbola /ɒ/og /�:/
Ord om kjæledyr og gardsdyr, korleis uttrykkje
kva du liker og ikkje liker
Chapter 3 Two big cities p. 57
Grammatikk: Fleirtal av substantiv
Subjunksjonane who og which
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale th-lyden i til
dømes think og that
Dei fonetiske symbola /θ/og /ð/
Ord i byen, korleis spørje om og forklare vegen
Chapter 4 Eat and enjoy! p. 81
Grammatikk: Spørsmål og nektelse i
presens/nåtid
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale vokallydene i
for eksempel feel, it og the
De fonetiske symbolene /i:/, /i/og /ə/
Ord om mat, hva du sier på restaurant, hva du
sier ved bordet
Chapter 5 Just fantasy? p. 107
Grammatikk: To be i preteritum/fortid
Andre verb i preteritum/fortid
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale den første lyden
i for eksempel very og wet
De fonetiske symbolene /v/
og /w/
Ord fra fantasiens verden, hvordan utrykke at
du tror og ikke tror
Chapter 6 What an idea! p. 139
Grammatikk: Artiklene a og an
Eiendomsord
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale den første lyden
i for eksempel you og just
De fonetiske symbolene /j/
og /d�/
Ord om oppfinnelser, teknologi og design, å
forklare hvordan ting fungerer, hvordan lese en
bruksanvisning, hvordan uttrykke år og datoer
4
Chapter 4 Eat and enjoy! p. 81
Grammatikk: Spørsmål og nekting i
presens/notid
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale vokallydane i til
dømes feel, it og the
Dei fonetiske symbola /i:/, /i/og /ə/
Ord om mat, kva du seier på restaurant, kva du
seier ved bordet
Chapter 5 Just fantasy? p. 107
Grammatikk: To be i preteritum/fortid
Andre verb i preteritum/fortid
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale den første lyden i
til dømes very og wet
Dei fonetiske symbola /v/
og /w/
Ord frå fantasien si verd, korleis utrykkje at du
trur og ikkje trur
Chapter 6 What an idea! p. 139
Grammatikk: Artiklane a og an
Eigedomsord
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale den første lyden i
til dømes you og just
Dei fonetiske symbola /j/
og /d�/
Ord om oppfinningar, teknologi og design, å
forklare korleis ting fungerar, korleis lese ei
brukarrettleiing, korleis utrykkje år og datoar
5
Chapter 7 Watch out! p. 169
Grammatikk: Spørsmål og nektelse i
preteritum/fortid
Spørreord
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale vokallydene i for
eksempel name og find
De fonetiske symbolene /e/og /a/
Ord om kriminalitet og dårlig oppførsel, ord og
utrykk å bruke i diskusjoner, hvordan beskrive
folk
Chapter 8 Down under p. 191
Grammatikk: Genitiv av substantiv
Fonetikk: Hvordan uttale vokallydene i for
eksempel moon, more og but
De fonetiske symbolene /u:/, /ɔ:/
og /�/
Ord om naturen og ville dyr, hvordan ta avskjed,
ord og uttrykk fra Australia og New Zealand
Chapter 7 Watch out! p. 169
Grammatikk: Spørsmål og nekting i
preteritum/fortid
Spørjeord
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale vokallydane i til
dømes name og find
Dei fonetiske symbola /ei/og /ai/
Ord om kriminalitet og dårleg oppførsel, ord og
utrykk å bruke i diskusjonar, korleis beskrive folk
Chapter 8 Down under p. 191
Grammatikk: Genitiv av substantiv
Fonetikk: Korleis uttale vokallydane i til
dømes moon, more og but
Dei fonetiske symbola /u:/, /ɔ:/
og /�/
Ord om naturen og ville dyr, korleis ta avskjed,
ord og uttrykk frå Australia og New Zealand
Welcome to New Flight 1workbook!
In this book you will find lots of different exercises. Some of them arethere to help you learn the structure of the English language, likegrammar, sounds and symbols. Others will help you communicate betterin English. They will help you learn new words and expressions andpractise using them.
The exercises are marked with coloured dots: green, blue or yellow.The green exercises are the easiest ones to do. The yellow ones are themost difficult ones. With the help of your teacher you will have to findout which exercises are the best ones for you to do. You do not alwayshave to stick to one colour. If you usually do the green exercises, youmay very well be able to do blue exercises once in a while. It is importantto give yourself a challenge now and then! Try to find out what you aregood at and what you need more practise in. In that way you will get toknow your language skills better.
Some exercises are marked with all three colours. These are exercisesthat everybody should do.
At the end of each chapter there are some suggestions for what youcan do to find out more about the topic you have been working with.Very often you will be able to find information for these tasks on theInternet. Remember to be careful when you use the Internet. Somesources are better than others, and everything you find on the Internet isnot necessarily true. Check your information and always use more thanone source. Never copy articles directly.
There are two Extra Readings at the very end of each chapter.Reading English will help you get better at the language, so here is anextra opportunity for you! There is no glossary for the Extra Readings,but then again, you don’t always need to understand everything to getthe story, do you?
We hope your Workbook will help you understand, speak and writeEnglish better and give you pleasure and information at the same time.
Good luck with your work!
6
Language and structure
• The articles a and an• Possessives• How to pronounce the first
sound in e.g. you and just• The phonetic symbols of the
first sound in e.g. you and just
Communication
• Words from the field ofinventions, technology anddesign
• To explain how things work• How to read user manuals• How to express years and
dates
Chapter 6What an idea!
In this chapter:
Work with words1 Five words are hidden here. Can you see them?
PROPENFOTTLICARSOTXCHAIRMINBOLSHOEKLIMAEMAILIKNOR
2 Change each letter with the next letter in the alphabet and find words to use when you talk about inventions and design:
a OQNCTBS b BNMRSQTBSHNM c SDBGMNKNFX
d CDRHFMDQ e CDUDKNOLDMS f HLOQNUDLDMS
g OQNAKDL h HMUDMSNQ i CDUHBD
3 What inventions do you use in these situations?If you don’t know the word, look in your dictionary.
Example: You need to open a tin. – I use a tin-opener.
a You want to be sure you don’t oversleep in the morning.b You want to play your new DVD.c You want to leave a message when you call somebody and
there is nobody at home.d You need to look up a new word in English.e You want to spread butter on your toast.f You want to send an e-mail.g You want to protect yourself from the rain.h You want to protect your eyes from the sun.
Chapter 6140
4 How many new words can you make by combining words from the two rows?You can use a word as many times as you like.
Example: arm + chair = armchair
fire planelamp shophair boardwall casenews shadearm placesurf brushaero manbook chairpaint paper
5 These sentences have been split. Can you put them together again?If you need help, look in text A on pp. 112–113 in your Textbook.
a An inventor is 1 Bette Graham.b Martin Jolette invented 2 stepping into muddy puddles.c Correction fluid was invented by 3 a human being.d Katie Harding kept 4 totally useless.e Then she invented 5 called gadgets.f Small mechanical tools are often 6 heated earmuffs.g Some gadgets are 7 the muddy puddle spotter.
6 Look at Rube Goldberg’s drawing on p. 114 in your Textbook.Use your dictionary and find words in English for the different parts of the car.
How would you design your own car? Make a drawing of it and explain the different details.
What an idea! 141
Let’s talk!7 Pair work: 20 questions
Think of an invention. Your partner will now try to find out whatinvention you are thinking about. He or she will ask you questions,but you can only answer yes or no to them.If he or she has not found the correct answer after 20 questions, youhave won!Change roles afterwards.
Example: You are thinking of a pencil.
– Is the invention in this room now?
– Yes.
– Is it bigger than a person?
– No!
etc.
8 To explain how things work
Read this dialogue:– Hi, George! You look gloomy, I must say! What’s thematter?– I’m trying to fill my stapler, but I cannot figure out howto open it!– Let’s see… Have you tried to lift the upper part of thehandle?– Betty! I have tried to lift it, to open it, to push it, to pull it, I haveeven tried to turn it upside-down!– Wait, there must be a button or a switch somewhere. Let’s lookagain. See! Here it is, well hidden at the back of the handle. It sayspress… here you go! Now, let’s put the staples in and you’re all set.What did you want to use it for anyway?– I’ve forgotten now. Let’s have something to eat instead!
Find the words in this text that express what you can do with athing, e.g. lift, …Find words for the parts of the stapler, e.g. the upper part, …Try to learn these words and expressions.
Chapter 6142
stapler =stiftemaskin
Learn these expressions as well:
Turn the knob (Vri knotten)
Turn the switch (Vri bryteren / brytaren)
Turn the handle (Vri håndtaket / handtaket)
Open the lid (Åpne / opne lokket)
Open the cover (Åpne / opne dekslet)
Push the button (Trykk på knappen)
Remove the cover (Fjern dekslet)
Fill/empty (Fyll/tøm)
Plug in (Sett / set i kontakten)
9 Pair work
Use the things you have nearby: a pencil-case, paper, books etc.Give your partner instructions on what to do with the item. Use thewords and expressions that you have learnt in exercise 8.
Example: Turn your pencil-case upside-down.
Change roles afterwards.
10 Pair work
Read this dialogue with a partner. Practise explaining how to use thecopier without looking at the text!– Can you help me work this copier, please?– Of course! First, plug it in.– Oops, sorry, I should have thought of that!– That’s alright. Open the copy board cover, put your paper upside-down on top of the copy board and close the cover.– Then I push the button. Right?– Right!– Thanks for your help!– Don’t mention it.
What an idea! 143
copier =kopimaskincopy board cover= dekselcopy board =glassplate /glasplate
11 Pair work
Take turns and explain how to• start a washing-machine• operate a cd-player• set the alarm on a mobile phone• start the vacuum cleaner• clean a bicycleetc.
Grammar12 Articles: A/an
The articles a and an mean the same as en/ein, ei and et/eitin Norwegian.
Study these words:
a tin-opener an old tin-openera green umbrella an umbrellaa young inventor an inventora person an honest person
Each word has an article in front, either a or an. Can you find outwhen to use a and when to use an?Tip: Say the word that comes after the article!
Turn to pp. 21–22 in your Grammar and learn when to use a andwhen to use an.
Chapter 6144
articles = artikler /artiklar
13 Put a or an in front of these words:
a … answering machine b … pair of shoesc … card … computere … earf … telephoneg … skateboardh … old house
15 Translate the words in brackets (parentes) and complete thesentences:
Tom has … (en mp3-spiller / ein mp3-spelar)Laura has … (et elektrisk tog / eit elektrisk tog)My parents have … (en gammel bil / ein gammal bil)We have … (et nytt hus /eit nytt hus)A cat has … (et lett liv / eit lett liv)My teacher has … (en rød genser / ein raud genser)
You can find more exercises with a and an on the New Flightwebsite at http://newflight.cappelen.no
Listen!16 There are different ways of travelling: by boat, by plane, by train, by
car, by bus, by underground, by horse and wagon etc.You will now hear four different situations. Decide how the peopleyou hear about are travelling.
What an idea! 145
14 Put a or an in front of these words:
a … Thermos flaskb … hourc … improvementd … Yo-Yoe … Americanf … dogg … European personh … moped
Let’s write!17 Design a nice poster for something you would like to sell! You may
use a computer to make your poster.
Your poster must contain:
• A drawing of the thing you want to sell
• The name of the product
• A short description of what it is used for
• The price
18 Add some full stops and some capital letters to make this story right:The microwave oven was invented in 1946 Percy LeBaron Spencerwas a scientist who was working with microwaves in his laboratoryhe suddenly discovered that a toffee he had in his pocket, had meltedhe soon understood that the microwaves had made it melt this toldhim that microwaves could be used to heat and cook food the firstmicrowave oven was sold in 1947.
19 Make a poem out of one of the words from this chapter.
Example: INVENT
Inventions –
New and old ones
Very useful, most of them.
Earphones and airships
Nutcrackers and knives – how did they
Think of them all?
Chapter 6146
full stop =punktumcapital letter =stor forbokstav
20 When the first trains came, people didn’t quite know what to thinkabout them. Some people, like Mrs Moffat in text B on pp. 115–117in your Textbook, were very sceptical to the new invention. Othersliked the idea of travelling by train, since it was so much faster thangoing by horse and wagon.Imagine you lived at that time. Write a short letter to the editor ofyour local newspaper and give your opinion on the train. You mayuse the Internet to do further research of historical facts.
Work with words21 Gridwork
Ask your teacher for a worksheet and see if you can solve thepuzzle!
22 What words are described here?You can find them all in text B on pp. 115–117 in your Textbook.a The part of your body that your head is fastened tob An animal that is very strong and can pull wagonsc The parts of your body that you are standing ond An animal that crawls along the grounde A round thing that makes cars, trains and wagons rollf A piece of clothing you wear on your headg A piece of clothing you wear around your neckh A building where priests work
What an idea! 147
23 Read these user manuals and find out what products they give instructions for:
a 1. Put the plug into the socket.
2. Put the bowl of food onto the glass tray. NB!
Never use any item containing metal in the …
3. Turn the power switch to the desired position.
4. Set the timer.
5. Push the start button.
6. When the time is up, the … will turn itself off and give
a sound signal.
b • To achieve the best results, pre-fill before use with warm
water for hot drinks and cold water for chilled drinks.
• The bottle should not be over-filled. Remember to leave
sufficient space in the neck to fit the stopper.
• After filling, ensure that both the outside cup and the
stopper are always tightly closed.
c When the “MESSAGE LED” illuminates, record your message
(up to two minutes) speaking at a distance of
30–45 cm from the microphone.
The machine will now switch automatically to the answering mode
ready to receive incoming messages.
24 Use a good dictionary and find words for the things you see in this illustration:
Use the words in sentences of your own.
Chapter 6148
Grammar25 Revision: Irregular verbs
Find the past tense of these irregular verbs and use them to completethe sentences below. Each verb should only be used once.sell, lose, sit, make, speak
a The inventor of the guillotine … his life in his own machine in1792.
b The first chewing-gum was … in 1869, but people have alwayschewed on something.
c Levi Stauss … his first jeans to gold-diggers in California.d Thomas A. Edison was nearly deaf, so he often used the Morse
alphabet when he … with his wife.e Benjamin Franklin was probably the first person who … in a
rocking-chair, since he was the person who invented it.
26 Revision: Verbs in the present tense
Change this story from the past tense into the present tense:Lucy was a creative little girl. She liked to test everything she saw.When her parents turned on a light, she turned it off. When they putsomething together, she pulled it apart. One day she detectedsomething interesting: two holes in the wall. In went her little finger– ouch! That hurt! She learnt the hard way, but she will become asmart, inventive woman one day – you wait and see!
You can find more exercises with verbs on the New Flight website athttp://newflight.cappelen.no
What an idea! 149
Let’s talk!27 Years and dates
Look at these sentences:The first robot, a mechanical duck, was made in 1738.On 12 December 1903, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize forPhysics.Man first set foot on the moon on 21 July 1969.In 1818, 18-year-old Mary Shelley published her thrillerFrankenstein.
Which preposition was used to express a date?Which preposition was used to express a year?Use what you just learnt and say when you were born.
28 Use in or on to complete the sentences:a The constitution of the USA was signed … 4 July 1776.b Columbus discovered America … 1492.c The constitution of Norway was signed … 17 May 1814.d Wrigley’s chewing-gum company was founded … 1873.e … 1984 the Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo.f The first heart transplantation was performed …2 December
1967.g The American president Abraham Lincoln was shot … 14 April
1865.
29 Pair work
Ask your teacher for a worksheet.You and your partner will have half a story each. To get the wholestory you will have to help each other!
Chapter 6150
30 The words below do not mean anything. But – if they had beenwords for real items, what do you think they would be used for? Useyour imagination and have a discussion!
a a bumperoidb an airticklerc a mixopediad a childographe an easoclip
Pair work
If you want to, you can make a role play where you use the words:You are in a shop where they sell these items. One of you will be thecustomer, the other one will be the salesperson. Ask questions aboutthe items and give explanations!You may start by saying something like this:
– Hello! I’d like to look at a bumperoid, please.– Of course. Any particular colour?
31 Pair work
Draw your own invention. Explain to a partner what it looks likeand let him or her draw it from what you say. No Norwegianallowed!Compare drawings afterwards. Do they look alike? If they do, youcommunicated well!Change roles afterwards.
What an idea! 151
Work with words32 Look at the drawing on the next page. What kind of clothes are these?
Write down the English words for them, also the colours they have.
Use a dictionary if you do not know the word, or to get your spelling right.
a bukseb luec votterd skjørte skjortef sko
33 Make your own fashion show!Describe the clothes you want to present and make a poster for the show.You may use a computer to make your poster.
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g sokkerh hatti beltej genserk skjerf
34 These sentences have been split. Can you put them correctly together?Look in text C on pp. 119–120 in your Textbook if you need help.
a Mary Quant was 1 clothes at night.b She had a brother 2 not want her to go to art school.c Her parents did 3 was poor.d She married 4 of mini-skirts.e Her line of fashion was 5 born in London.f In the beginning she 6 “The Order of the British Empire”.g She had to sew 7 Alexander Plunket Greene.h Her designs soon 8 owned by a Japanese company.i She made a fashion out 9 afford her clothes.j Everybody could 10 named Tony.k In 1966 she received 11 became popular.l Today her business is 12 called the “Chelsea look”.
35 Design your own line of furniture and make a description of it.Give the design a name and say why people should buy it.
What an idea! 153
Example: A red dress
36 Create your own board game and play it with a friend!Try this way, for instance:
START
Every time you get to a square, something happens.
Example: “You have lost your glasses. Go back to circle 2 and look for
them.”
You will need a pair of dice to play the game.
GrammarPossessives
37 A possessive is used instead of a name or another noun to tell uswho owns something:
It is my toy The toy is mineIt is your toy The toy is yoursIt is his toy The toy is hisIt is her toy The toy is hersIt is its toy
They are our toys The toys are oursThey are your toys The toys are yoursThey are their toys The toys are theirs
Look at the connection between the possessive and the thing youown.When do we use the “short version” (my etc.) of the possessive?When do we use the “longer version” (mine etc.) of the possessive?
Turn to p. 18 in your Grammar and learn when to use the differentforms of the possessive.
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dice= terninger/terningar
etc.
possessive =eiendomsord /eigedomsord
38 Pair work
Look at the example and answer the questions in the same way.Do the exercise twice and take turns asking and answering.
Example:
– Does this camera belong to you?
– Yes, it’s my camera.
a Does this bike belong to Mrs Green? Yes, it’s …b Do these bags belong to Jack and Jill? Yes, they are …c Does this present belong to me?d Does this book belong to us?e Do these shoes belong to George?f Do these jackets belong to you and Susie?
39 Pair work
Look at the example and answer the questions in the same way.Do the exercise twice and take turns asking and answering.
Example:
– Is that my pen, Lucy?
– Yes, it’s yours.
a Is that Ben’s lunch? Yes, it’s …b Is that your uncle and aunt’s house?c Is that your hairbrush, Charlie?d Is that Anne’s and your dog?e Is that Linn’s computer?f Is that our car?
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40 Fill in the correct form of the possessive:
a my/mine It is … birthday today!b their/theirs The Browns found … seats at the cinema.c your/yours Is this bag …?d my/mine The red house over there is …e her/hers Linda played … favourite CD.f our/ours This big pizza is … !g her/hers Susie owns that kitten. It is …h your/yours … new bicycle is really something!i our/ours It was … turn to do the shopping.j their/theirs The fault was all …
41 Be careful how you spell the possessives.Do not mix up these words when you write:
its = possessive it’s = it is
his = possessive he’s = he is
your = possessive you’re = you are
their = possessive they’re = they are
Fill in:a their / they’re … late for swimming practice.b your / you’re … a strong person, Wanda!c their / they’re … teacher is absent.d his / he’s … ill.e its / it’s … a beautiful morning.f your / you’re … dog is better now.g its / it’s … temperature is down.h his / he’s … dog is … best friend.
You can find more exercises with possessives on the New Flight website at http://newflight.cappelen.no
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Listen!42 Listen to this story and answer the following questions:
a What did Charles B. Darrow invent?b How did he get the idea?c How did he design his game?
Let’s think!43 Three designers have their shops next to each other on the same street.
Can you find out where their shops are and what they sell?Shops: Ebb Design, Liz Design, Beth DesignWhat they sell: dresses, sports clothes, hats
Clues:
• Beth Design’s shop is between Liz Design and Ebb Design• The shop to the right sells sports clothes• Ebb Design’s shop is not to the left• Liz Design does not sell dresses
44 Who bought what when?
Four people bought something last week. Can you find out who boughtwhat?The four are: Henry, Celia, Jack and SusieWhat they bought: a book, a sweater, a jacket, a mopedThe days they went shopping: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday
Clues:
• Celia did not buy a jacket or a sweater.• Henry went shopping on Wednesday• The person who went shopping on Saturday bought a moped• Jack bought a book• Susie did not go shopping on Tuesday• Henry did not buy a sweater
What an idea! 157
45 What inventions are these? If you guess correctly after the first clue, you can give yourself 5 points. If you need more information, you lose one point for each clue given. No cheating – cover up the rest of the clues!
a 5 points: A Norwegian product from 1899.4 points: The inventor’s name was Johan Vaaler.3 points: It is a small thing, but very useful in every office.2 points: These days you can get them in all colours and types.
They are usually made of metal, but plastic ones are also common.
1 point: Originally it was just a string of metal, which was then turned and bent several times.
b 5 points: They were probably invented in Italy at the end of the 13th century.
4 points: A lot of people need these every day.3 points: They consist of two round items, held together by metal
or plastic.2 points: You may need them when you read, for instance.1 point: Without them, certain people cannot see well enough.
c 5 points: The first one was installed in Louis XV’s Versailles in 1743.4 points: Most of them are inside buildings, but they can also be seen
on the outside of some buildings.3 points: It is very useful in a tall building.2 points: Basically, it is a room that moves.1 point: It brings people up and down between floors.
d 5 points: This handy little thing was invented by the American W. L. Judson in 1893.
4 points: It is made of metal or plastic.3 points: Mostly you find them on clothes, but they are useful also
on bags, for instance.2 points: It consists of small parts that grip into each other.1 point: It could be used instead of buttons.
Can you make a similar quiz for a friend?
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Soundbox46
The phonetic symbol /j/ is the first sound in youThe phonetic symbol /d�/ is the sound of the g in age
Practise the sounds:a Say these word pairs:
use – juice you – Jew your – jaw yet – jet
b Read this story about the first roller-skates inuse:In 1759 the /�beld�ən/ instrument maker/�d�əυzif/ Merlin invented the roller-skates. Hewas so happy with his /nju:/ invention that hedecided to /ju:z/ the skates at a /hju:d�/ ball hewas invited to. He planned a /�bju:tifl/ entrance:He would roll in on his skates, playing the violinas he skated!
When the /�i:vniŋ/ came, he arrived at Carlisle House in London,where the ball was /ə�reind�d/. He was skating at good /spi:d/ inthe big hall, playing his violin as planned, when he discoveredthat he had forgotten to invent /breiks/! He could not stop andran straight into the big /�mirə/ at the end of the hall! The /�mirə/shattered into pieces, his violin was destroyed and /�d�əυzf/himself was badly hurt.
More than a hundred /jiəz/ later, /d�eimz/ L. Plimpton from /nju:jɔ:k/ improved Merlin’s skates. He put /fɔ:/ wheels underneathinstead of /tu:/, among other things. And – I don’t believe he ever/ju:zd/ them at a party!
c What words are these?/kəm�pju:tə/ /d�i:p/ /d�u:s/ /�ju:nifɔ:m/ /r�frd�reitə//brid�/
d Go back to text A on pp. 112–113 in your Textbook. How manywords can you find with the /j/-sound there? How about the /d�/-sound?
What an idea! 159
Find out more1 Find out more about the life and work of an inventor or a designer
and share your knowledge in your school group.The Internet or your local library would be a good source ofinformation.
2 Choose an invention and find out more about it, like how it wasinvented, who invented it, when this happened, stories connectedto it etc.Tell your school group about the invention you have studied anddemonstrate how it works.
3 Pick an everyday thing and find out how the design of the item haschanged over the years. What did a modern chair look like in the1880s, the 1940s, the 1970s and today, for instance? How about alamp? A bed? A house?Make drawings or copies of photos to illustrate your findingswhen you share them in your school group.
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Extra reading
It is not always easy to understand how these new inventions
work!
His first telegramA long time ago, when a telegram was something new and special, apoor farmer came home from the field one night and found his wifevery ill. She wanted her mother to come and stay with her and thefarmer decided to try out the new telegraph system to send a messageto his mother-in-law. He went to the nearest telegraph-office, whichwas three miles away. It was the first telegram he had ever sent, so theclerk had to show him what to do. After he had written it out, he askedthe clerk to send it off at once and then he left. Fifteen minutes later hereturned and was very angry. He said he wanted to know why thetelegram had not been sent! The clerk said the telegram had been sentat once, but the man answered, “You are lying! I am sure it has notbeen sent. You see, I have been outside watching the telegraph wires allthe time and I have not seen my telegram go by yet!”
What an idea! 161
A
George lives with his mother, father and grandmother on a
farm. His parents are often busy with work and George must
look after his grandmother, who is a very special person. She
is not very nice to him at all! One of George’s tasks is to give
Grandma her medicine. One day he decides to invent his own
very special medicine for Grandma, made out of different
things he finds in and around the house…
George’s marvellous medicineGeorge took an enormous saucepan out of the cupboard and placed iton the kitchen table.
“George!” came the shrill voice from the next room. “What are youdoing?”
“Nothing, Grandma,” he called out.“You needn’t think I can’t hear you just because you closed the
door! You’re rattling the saucepans!”“I’m just tidying the kitchen, Grandma.”Then there was silence.George had absolutely no doubts whatsoever about how he was
going to make his famous medicine. He wasn’t going to fool aboutwondering whether to put in a little bit of this or a little bit of that.Quite simply, he was going to put in EVERYTHING he could find. Therewould be no messing about, no hesitating, no wondering whether aparticular thing would knock the old girl sideways or not. The rulewould be this: whatever he saw, if it was runny or powdery or gooey,in it went.
Nobody had ever made a medicine like that before. If it didn’tactually cure Grandma, then it would anyway cause some excitingresults. It would be worth watching.
George decided to work his way round the various rooms one at a timeand see what they had to offer.
He would go first to the bathroom. There are always lots of funnythings in a bathroom. So upstairs he went, carrying the enormous two-handled saucepan before him.
In the bathroom, he gazed longingly at the famous and dreadedmedicine cupboard. But he didn’t go near it. It was the only thing in the
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B
entire house he was forbidden to touch. He had made solemn promisesto his parents about this and he wasn’t going to break them. Therewere things in there, they had told him, that could actually kill aperson, and although he was out to give Grandma a pretty fierymouthful, he didn’t really want a dead body on his hands. George putthe saucepan on the floor and went to work.
Number one was a bottle labelled GOLDEN GLOSS HAIR SHAMPOO. Heemptied it into the pan. “That ought to wash her tummy nice andclean,” he said.
He took a full tube of TOOTHPASTE and squeezed out the whole lot ofit in one long worm. “Maybe that will brighten up those horrid brownteeth of hers,” he said.
Here was an aerosol can of SUPERFOAM SHAVING SOAP belonging tohis father. George loved playing with aerosols. He pressed the buttonand kept his finger on it until there was nothing left. A wonderfulmountain of white foam built up in the giant saucepan.
With his fingers, he scooped out the contents of a jar of VITAMIN
ENRICHED FACE CREAM.In went a small bottle of scarlet NAIL VARNISH. “If the toothpaste
doesn’t clean her teeth,” George said, “then this will paint them as redas roses.”
He found another jar of creamy stuff labelled HAIR REMOVER. SMEAR
IT ON YOUR LEGS, it said, AND ALLOW TO REMAIN FOR FIVE MINUTES.George tipped it all into the saucepan.
There was something called BRILLIDENT FOR CLEANING FALSE TEETH. Itwas a white powder. In that went, too.
He found another aerosol can, NEVERMORE PONKING DEODORANT
SPRAY, GUARANTEED, it said, TO KEEP AWAY UNPLEASANT BODY SMELLS FOR
A WHOLE DAY. “She could use plenty of that,” George said as he sprayedthe entire canful into the saucepan.
LIQUID PARAFFIN, the next one was called. It was a big bottle. Hehadn’t the faintest idea what it did to you, but he poured it in anyway.
That, he thought, looking around him, was about all from thebathroom.
After having emptied the bathroom, George went on to the bedroom,the laundry-room, the kitchen, the garden shed and the garage to pickup useful ingredients. Then it was time to cook and serve Grandma’smedicine – and see how it worked:
What an idea! 163
George turned off the heat under the saucepan. He must leave plenty oftime for it to cool down.
When all the steam and froth had gone away, he peered into thegiant pan to see what colour the great medicine now was. It was a deepand brilliant blue.
“It needs more brown in it,” George said. “It simply must be brownor she’ll get suspicious.”
George ran outside and dashed into his father’s tool shed where all thepaints were kept. There was a row of cans on the shelf, all colours,black, green, red, pink, white and brown. He reached for the can ofbrown. The label said simply DARK BROWN GLOSS PAINT ONE QUART. Hetook a screwdriver and prised off the lid. The can was three-quartersfull. He rushed it back to the kitchen. He poured the whole lot into thesaucepan. The saucepan was now full to the brim. Very gently, Georgestirred the paint into the mixture with the long wooden spoon. Ah-ha!It was all turning brown! A lovely rich creamy brown!
“Where’s that medicine of mine, boy?!” came the voice from theliving-room. “You’re forgetting me! You’re doing it on purpose! I shalltell your mother!”
“I’m not forgetting you, Grandma,” George called back. “I’mthinking of you all the time. But there are still ten minutes to go.”
“You’re a nasty little maggot!” the voice screeched back. “You’re alazy and disobedient little worm, and you’re growing too fast.”
George fetched the bottle of Grandma’s real medicine from thesideboard. He took out the cork and tipped it all down the sink. Hethen filled the bottle with his own magic mixture by dipping a small juginto the saucepan and using it as a pourer. He replaced the cork.
Had it cooled down enough yet? Not quite. He held the bottle underthe cold tap for a couple of minutes. The label came off in the wet butthat didn’t matter. He dried the bottle with a dishcloth.
All was now ready!This was it!The great moment had arrived!“Medicine time, Grandma!” he called out.“I should hope so, too,” came the grumpy reply.The silver tablespoon in which the medicine was always given lay
ready on the kitchen sideboard. George picked it up.Holding the spoon in one hand and the bottle in the other, he
advanced into the living-room.
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Grandma sat hunched in her chair by the window. The wicked littleeyes followed George closely as he crossed the room towards her.
“You’re late,” she snapped.“I don’t think I am, Grandma.”“Don’t interrupt me in the middle of a sentence!” she shouted.“But you’d finished your sentence, Grandma.”“There you go again,” she cried. “Always interrupting and arguing.
You really are a tiresome little boy. What’s the time?”“It’s exactly eleven o’clock, Grandma.”“You’re lying as usual. Stop talking so much and give me my
medicine. Shake the bottle first. Then pour it into the spoon and makesure it’s a whole spoonful.”
“Are you going to gulp it all down in one go?” George asked her.“Or will you sip it?”
“What I do is none of your business,” the old woman said. “Fill thespoon.”
As George removed the cork and began very slowly to pour the thickbrown stuff into the spoon, he couldn’t help thinking back upon all themad and marvellous things that had gone into the making of this crazystuff – the shaving soap, the hair remover, the dandruff cure, theautomatic washing-machine powder, the flea powder for dogs, theshoe-polish, the black pepper, the horseradish sauce and all the rest ofthem, not to mention the powerful animal pills and powders andliquids … and the brown paint.
“Open your mouth wide, Grandma,” he said, “and I’ll pop it in.”The old hag opened her small wrinkled mouth, showing disgusting
pale brown teeth.“Here we go!” George cried out. “Swallow it down!” He pushed the
spoon well into her mouth and tipped the mixture down her throat.Then he stepped back to watch the result.
It was worth watching.
Grandma yelled “Oweeee!” and her whole body shot up whoosh intothe air. It was exactly as though someone had pushed an electric wirethrough the underneath of her chair and switched on the current. Upshe went like a jack-in-the-box … and she didn’t come down … shestayed there … suspended in mid-air … about two feet up … still in asitting position … but rigid now … frozen … quivering … the eyesbulging … the hair standing straight up on end.
What an idea! 165
“Is something wrong, Grandma?” George asked her politely. “Areyou all right?”
Suspended up there in space, the old girl was beyond speaking.The shock that George’s marvellous mixture had given her must have
been tremendous.You’d have thought she’d swallowed a red-hot poker the way she
took off from that chair.Then she came down again with a plop, back into her seat.“Call the fire brigade!” she shouted suddenly. “My stomach’s on fire!”“It’s just the medicine, Grandma,” George said. “It’s good strong
stuff.”“Fire!” the old woman yelled. “Fire in the basement! Get a bucket!
Man the hoses. Do something quick!”“Cool it, Grandma,” George said. But he got a bit of a shock when
he saw the smoke coming out of her mouth and out of her nostrils.Clouds of black smoke were coming out of her nose and blowingaround the room.
“By golly, you really are on fire,” George said.“Of course I’m on fire!” she yelled. “I’ll be burned to a crisp! I’ll be
fried to a frizzle! I’ll be boiled like a beetroot!”
George ran into the kitchen and came back with a jug of water. “Openyour mouth, Grandma!” he cried. He could hardly see her for thesmoke, but he managed to pour half a jugful down her throat. A sizzlingsound, the kind you get if you hold a hot frying-pan under a cold tap,came up from deep down in Grandma’s stomach. The old hag buckedand shied and snorted. She gasped and gurgled. Spouts of water cameshooting out of her. And the smoke cleared away.
“The fire’s out,” George announced proudly. “You’ll be all right now,Grandma.”
“All right?” she yelled. “Who’s all right? There’s jacky-jumpers in mytummy! There’s squigglers in my belly! There’s bangers in my bottom!”She began bouncing up and down in the chair. Quite obviously she wasnot very comfortable.
“You’ll find it’s doing you a lot of good, that medicine, Grandma,”George said.
“Good!” she screamed. “Doing me good? It’s killing me!”Then she began to bulge.She was swelling!She was puffing up all over!
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Someone was pumping her up, that’s how it looked!Was she going to explode?Her face was turning from purple to green!But wait! She had a puncture somewhere! George could hear the hiss
of escaping air. She stopped swelling. She was going down. She wasslowly getting thinner again, shrinking back and back slowly to hershrivelly old self.
“How’s things, Grandma?” George said.No answer.
Then a funny thing happened. Grandma’s body gave a sudden sharptwist and a sudden sharp jerk and she flipped herself clear out of thechair and landed neatly on her two feet on the carpet.
“That’s terrific, Grandma!” George cried. “You haven’t stood uplike that for years! Look at you! You’re standing up all on your ownand you’re not even using a stick!”
Grandma didn’t even hear him. The frozen pop-eyed look was backwith her again now. She was miles away in another world.
Marvellous medicine, George told himself. He found it fascinating tostand there watching what it was doing to the old hag. What next? hewondered.
He soon found out.Suddenly she began to grow.
It was quite slow at first … just a very gradual inching upwards … up,up, up … inch by inch … getting taller and taller … about an inchevery few seconds … and in the beginning George didn’t notice it.
But when she had passed the five foot six mark and was going on uptowards being six feet tall, George gave a jump and shouted, “Hey,Grandma! You’re growing! You’re going up! Hang on, Grandma!You’d better stop now or you’ll be hitting the ceiling!”
But Grandma didn’t stop.It was a truly fantastic sight, this ancient scrawny old woman getting
taller and taller, longer and longer, thinner and thinner, as though shewere a piece of elastic being pulled upwards by invisible hands.
When the top of her head actually touched the ceiling, Georgethought she was bound to stop.
But she didn’t.
What an idea! 167
There was a sort of scrunching sound, and bits of plaster and cementcame raining down.
“Hadn’t you better stop now, Grandma?” George said. “Daddy’sjust had this whole room repainted.”
But there was no stopping her now.Soon, her head and shoulders had completely disappeared through
the ceiling and she was still going.George dashed upstairs to his own bedroom and there she was
coming up through the floor like a mushroom.“Whoopee!” she shouted, finding her voice at last. “Hallelujah, here
I come!”
Roald Dahl(abridged)
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