New challanges in citrus research: from varietal innovation to genome

Concetta Licciardello, Giuseppe Russo, Marco Caruso, Paola Caruso

Centro di ricerca per l’agrumicoltura e le colture mediterranee (Acireale – CT)

CREA-ACM: Citrus germplasmRootstocks

The diffusion of Citrus tristezavirus (CTV) lead to the use of new rootstocks, alternative to sour orange, such as citrangesTroyer, Carrizo and C35.

Carrizo citrange

Sour orange

Troyer citrangeC35

CREA-ACM released 3 hybrids of Citrus latipes X Poncirus trifoliata (P5P12, F6P12, F6P13).F6P12 was patented in 2012.

A great potentiality to face the Greening, collaborationwith Citrus Research and Education Center (University of Florida)

CREA-ACM: Citrus germplasmRootstocks

Sweet oranges

5

Blood oranges

MORO

SANGUINELLO

TAROCCO

November December January February March April May

Tarocco clones: calendar of maturation

Tapi Nuc.

Nuc. 57-1E-1

TDV Nuc.

Gallo Nuc. C898 and VCR

Dal Muso M403

Ippolito M507 and VCR

Scirè D2062 and VCR

Lempso C5787 and VCR

Sciara Nuc. C1882

Meli Nuc. 8158

S. Alfio and Messina

TDV NUC.

TAPI NUC.

GALLO NUC. C898

LEMPSO NUC. C 5787 ROSSO VCR

IPPOLITO M 507

SCIARA NUC. C1882 MELI NUC. C 8158

MESSINA NUC. C 2014

Some of the most widespread Tarocco clones atripening

Navel oranges: calendar of maturation

October November December January February March April May June

Fukumoto

Newhall Nuc.A951 and VCR

Navelinad VCR

Thomson Nu.

Fisher

Cara Cara

Brasiliano Nuc.93

Washington CESS 3033

Lanelate C2621 and VCR

Chislett

Powell

Triploid mandarins

♀ ♂2x × 4x

clementine Tarocco• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• SeedlessTACLE

• Thorny, • Pre-harvesting fruit drop to

control

EU Patent 2001/156 ALKANTARA

EU Patent 2004/0075

Triploid mandarins

MANDARED

♀ ♂2x × 4x

clementine Tarocco

Pre-harvesting fruit drop to control

EU Patent 2004/0072

• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• Seedless

Triploid mandarins

EARLY SICILY 20 NovembreSWEET SICILY15th November

♀ ♂2x × 4x

clementine Tarocco

• High productivity, scarcely thorny• Strong attachment to the peduncle

• Juice content: 49%

• Shape: spheric or slighy elongated• Weight 180-210 gr.

• Shape: oblate• Weight: 150-180 gr.

EU Patent. 2012/0557EU Patent 2012/0556

• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• Seedless

Triploid mandarins

MANDALATE

♀ ♂2x × 4x

Fortune mandarin

Avana mandarin

• Weight: 100 gr.• Juice content: 50%• Acidity: 1.67%

EU Patent 2004/0074

• Easy-peeling• Presence of anthocyanin• Seedless

October November December January February March April

Pigmented triploid mandarins: calendar of maturation

Early Sicily

Sweet Sicily

AlkantaraTacle

Mandared

A. The CREA-ACM germplasm includes also new highlypigmented Moro selections. They could be evaluatedin various environmental conditions to study theevolution of the anthocyanin content and maturityratio, to select earlier or later clones compared to thestandard ones.

What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?

What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?B. New hybrids:• clementine x sweet orange (Moro/Tarocco) highly

pigmented, interesting and useful for nutraceuticalpurposes

• clementine x grapefruit, innovative for low naringinand furanocoumarin and high juice content (>50%).

OTA9

D2238

What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?

C. The possibility to evaluate new putative Taroccoclones obtained through induced mutagenesis (gammaray)

Scirè D2062

What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?D. New choice of Tarocco clones

What can we offer to the enterprises and producers?

E. The new segment of Ornamental Citrus Plants

ARCOBAL(Meyer lemon × Doppio sanguigno

orange – 19 Patent 2012)

Moro orange × Avana mand. (AMOA 8)

The Citrus GENOME

«TRUE» SPECIES

SECONDARY SPECIES

1. Navel Cara Cara2. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 26113. Shamouti4. Ovale Nuc.5. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.6. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove7. Belladonna8. Vaniglia Biondo 9. Vaniglia Sanguigno10. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.11. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo12. Moro VCR13. Tarocco Ferreri acidless 14. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.15. Tarocco TDV16. Tarocco Ippolito VCR17. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.18. Doppio Sanguigno19. Sanguinello Comune20. Sanguinello Moscato R I

The resequencing of 20 sweet oranges genotypes

Acidicand Acidless

varieties

1. Navel Cara Cara2. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 26113. Shamouti4. Ovale Nuc.5. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.6. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove7. Belladonna8. Vaniglia Biondo 9. Vaniglia Sanguigno10. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.11. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo12. Moro VCR13. Tarocco Ferreri acidless 14. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.15. Tarocco TDV16. Tarocco Ippolito VCR17. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.18. Doppio Sanguigno19. Sanguinello Comune20. Sanguinello Moscato R I

The resequencing of 20 sweet oranges genotypes

The knowledge of the genetic diversity of a single variety, in the (near) future will be useful for:• traceability• associating an agronomic character to a mutation

event

1. Navel Cara Cara2. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 26113. Shamouti4. Ovale Nuc.5. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.6. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove7. Belladonna8. Vaniglia Biondo 9. Vaniglia Sanguigno10. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.11. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo12. Moro VCR13. Tarocco Ferreri acidless 14. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.15. Tarocco TDV16. Tarocco Ippolito VCR17. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.18. Doppio Sanguigno19. Sanguinello Comune20. Sanguinello Moscato R I

The resequencing of 20 sweet oranges genotypes

Acidicand Acidless

varieties

What is the gene controlling the redpigmentation of citrus fruit?

JIC (Norwich)

CREA-ACM

?

?RUBY

RUBY

LTR

Citrus limon

The fruit-specificity of Ruby gene in sweetorange

Why Ruby and (mostly) LTR are so important?

In our breeding programmes, with a simplegenetic amplification of DNAs from young

plants, we are now able to identify the hybridsthat will produce pigmented fruits

Vitamin C in citrus: what is new!D-Glucose 1P

UDP- D- Glucose

UDP-D-Glucuronate

D-Glucuronate-1P

D-Glucuronate

L-Gulonate

GlucuronateD-Gulose-6P

GME

L-GalactoseD-Fructose 6P

Man-6-phosphate isomerase

D-Mannose 6P

phosphomannomutase

D-Mannose 1P

GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase GMP

GDP-D-Mannose

GDP-mannose-3,5-epimerase GME

GDP-L-Galactose

GDP-L-galactose-pyrophosphorylase GGP

L-Galactose-1P

L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase GPP

L-Galactose

GDP-L-galactose dehydrogenase GDH

L-ascorbateoxidase AO

Monodehydroascorbate

Monodehydro ascorbatereductase MDHAR

Dehydroascorbate

Dehydroascorbatereductase DHAR Recycling

and Degradation

H2O2

H2O

L-ascorbateperoxidase APX

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase GLDH

Methylgalacturonate

methyl-esterase

D-Galacturonate

L-galacturonic acid reductase GalUR

L-Galactonate

Galacturonate

L-Galactono-1,4-lactone

aldono-lactonase

L-Ascorbic Acid

Myo-inositol

Myo-inositolMyo-Inositoloxygenase MyoOx

Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase MyoIFS

GDP-LguloseNucleotite

pyrophosphataseL-gulose 1-P

Sugar phosphatase

L-guloseL-galactose

dehydrogenase

L-Gulose

L-Gulono-1,4-lactone

L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase GulLO

Blood genotypes

Common genotypes

Vitamin C in citrus: what is new!

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Thanks for your attention