Slide 1NEW BIOLOGY/HEALTH CURRICULUM
9th and 10th Grade Curriculum
“Pure Michigan Science” - MSTA Conference
March 9th and 10th, 2012
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Thank you for giving me the opportunity to talk with you today
about a very exciting new curriculum that you will soon be able to
share with your 9th and 10th grade biology/health students. I think
you will find the two-module lesson plan to be interesting for your
students and an easily packaged curriculum for you, as a
science/biology teacher. This is one more tool in your tool box,
but, it is designed to make it as easy as possible for you, the
teacher, to instruct your students and meet many of the biology
content standards and competencies.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
What is the MARR Coalition?
The Michigan Antibiotic Resistance Reduction (MARR) Coalition is a
multi-stakeholder, non-profit organization
Supported by an annual, competitive grant from the CDC “Get Smart –
Know When Antibiotics Work” Division
The MARR Mission is to:
Encourage appropriate use of antimicrobial agents
Reduce antimicrobial resistance rates through diverse collaboration
in the public and professional communities
Promote appropriate use of antibiotics through educational programs
and interventions
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Founded by a grant from General Motors in 1997, interested in
lowering health care costs. We are able to be as successful as we
are through the collaboration and support of entities such as CDC,
MDCH, MHA, BCBS, MSIPC, IDSA, and many others.
Educational programs and intervention are directed to the community
as well as to healthcare professionals. Michigan is one of six
states funded for this purpose by the CDC.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Community Education
elementary students and adults
Consumer education materials (“Antibiotics: What You Should Know”
and “MRSA”, posters, fact sheets, FAQs)
MARR website: www.reducemisuse.org
Booths and Exhibits
Legislative education
Health Fairs such as the Michigan Pharmacists Association,
FordMotor engine plant employee health days, church health fairs
and so on.
IDSA, PEW Trust and educational meetings with legislators
Community presentations to nursing homes, colleges, school PTAs,
church groups and others
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Getting the Message Out to the Community:
General Public and Professionals
Sharing executive summaries of select AR reports
Development of brochures, public and physician education
tools
Presentations
Organizational collaborations
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MARR uses its website to keep the public and professional
communities aware of new messages from the CDC about vaccines,
healthy living skills, hygiene, data and research. When MRSA first
became prevalent, we developed the brochure in conjunction with the
MDCH. The CDC is aware that MDROs is not just an in-patient issue
but is in the community now. I expect that we may be developing
more information about this in the near future. MARR would like to
begin putting copies of the MDCH and HEDIS Executive Summaries on
its website for those who want more specific, detailed information
related to antibiotics resistance.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
National Antibiotic Prescribing
CDC Abstract, 10/22/2010
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So, what are some of the reasons we care about antibiotic
prescribing in this country? Image made available courtesy of the
CDC. This shows that Michigan is in the second highest tier for
antibiotic prescriptions per capita.
$5 B annual est. cost to treat viruses with antibiotics – which
don’t work, almost 100,000 life-threatening infections with
MRSA
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MICHIGAN AND OREGON PROGRAMS COLLABORATE
High School Curriculum Project
MDE, MDCH, science teachers, physicians, nurses, a pharmacist, and
microbiologists
9th and 10th grade biology modules
Pre-packaged two day curriculum modules:
Viruses and bacteria,
How antibiotics work
Instructional video for teacher
PowerPoint presentation for students
Note worksheet for students
Report/evaluation
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Great support by Kevin Richard, Science Consultant of the MDE and
Cheryl Hach of the Kalamazoo Math and Science Center and the member
of the content committees in both Oregon and Michigan.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
MICHIGAN SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS AND EXPECTATIONS –
“BIOLOGY”
Scientific Reflection and Social Implications – B1.2
Organization and Development of Living Systems – L2.p2, L2.p3,
B2.1,B2.4, B2.4h, B2.4i
Interdependence of Living Systems and the Environment – L3.p1,
L3.p2A, L3.p2B, L3.p2D, L3.p4A
Evolution and Biodiversity – L5.p1, B5.1A,
B5.1cB B5.1c, B5.1d, B5.3g, B5.3A, B5.3f
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© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
RECENT PILOT OF CURRICULUM IN THE KALAMAZOO MATH AND SCIENCE
CENTER
Pilot in December with 11th and 12th graders
Pre- and Post-test given
How bacteria can be beneficial to the body
Body’s defenses to preventing bacteria from entering
What an antibiotic is and how it works
What is antibiotic resistance
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Module One: What We Will Learn
What are microbes?
What are viruses?
What are bacteria?
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SO THIS IS SOME OF MODULE I OF BIOLOGY CURRICULUM. IT IS NOT 100%
FINAL YET, BUT, WE ARE IN THE PROCESS OF DOING THINGS TO MAKE THE
CONTENT as INTERESTING AS POSSIBLE FOR STUDENTS.
ThiS iBEGINS AN OUTLINE OF part one of THE two 45 minute DEVEOPED
FOR 9TH AND 10TH GRADE STUDENTS. We will learn: READ SLIDE.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
What Some Viruses Look Like
(not to scale)
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There are many different kinds of viruses.
Viruses are extremely tiny and can only be seen under a highly
magnified microscope
The human immunodeficiency virus (in red) causes HIV
The Influenza virus causes the flu
Instructor’s note: You may ask the class these questions to begin a
discussion: Have you or someone you know recently had a cold or the
flu? How did they feel? What were the symptoms? Did they use any
medicine to help them get better? How long did it take for them to
get over their virus?
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Influenza Virus Anatomy
Text:
This is the structure of an influenza virus. Note that the RNA
material is the core or center of the virus structure. Antibodies
recognize and bind to the external structure, neuraminidase and
hemagglutinin, and inactivate the virus also making it easier for
the white blood cells to degrade. The reason that we need to
receive a new influenza vaccine each year is that from year to year
these external structures may change as a result of mutations in
the RNA. New yearly vaccines incorporate the new neurominidase and
hemagglutinin to stimulate production of antibodies that will bind
better to these mutated structures and prevent infection more
efficiently.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Viruses Invade Host Cells
Viruses lack some of the machinery to grow and reproduce by
themselves
A virus invades a live host cell inside your body and starts
replicating itself
The host cell releases the copied viruses
Each released virus will look for a new live host cell to invade
and repeat the process
Virus infecting a cell
Key points:
Germs enter your body through any opening they can find.
Viruses infect a cell in your body and turn it into a virus copy
machine.
This graphic shows the stages of a viral infection:
Adsorption: the virus finds a suitable cell and attaches
itself
Entry: the virus injects its genetic information (DNA or RNA) into
the cell and takes control
Replication: the virus transforms the cell into a miniature copy
machine and makes millions of copies of its genetic
information
Assembly: new copies of the virus are assembled inside the
cell
Release: the new viruses are released and the process starts all
over again, spreading the infection to more and more healthy
cells
Additional activity
This 3½ minute animated video shows how viruses in your body can
multiply and make you sick (from National Public Radio
website):
http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2011/06/01/114075029/flu-attack-how-a-virus-invades-your-body
How Do We Contract Viruses?
Simple contact with an infected person (shaking hands [direct
contact] or sneezing [respiratory or airborne spread])
Exchange of bodily fluids such as saliva
Sexual contact (e.g., HIV, HPV)
Contaminated food or water
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What Are Some Diseases
result in cervical cancer)
Text:
Here are some diseases caused by viruses that you all may be
familiar with: read above
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Other Facts About Viruses
Some viral infections can be prevented by vaccines (e.g.,
influenza, HPV, hepatitis B, measles and mumps)
Treatment for the common cold is
directed toward relief of symptoms
with over-the-counter (OTC)
immune system is fighting the virus
Antiviral medications are available for
certain viruses
Antiviral medications are available for certain viruses (e.g.,
neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza, inhibitors of DNA
replication Herpes Simplex, various types of anti-HIV medications
that interfere with different functions of viral infection and
proliferation.
ONE OF THE BEST WAYS TO AVOID CONTRACTING A VIRUS IS BY KEEPING
YOUR HANDS CLEAN. IT IS MOST EFFECTIVE TO USE REGULAR SOAP AND WARM
WATER AND WASH VIGOROUSLY FOR 20 = 30 SECONDS.
Although immunization to prevent some viral infections or
symptomatic relief for others, such as colds, are common methods
for treating viral infections, antiviral medications are available
for some viral infections, such as influenza, herpes simplex, and
HIV infection.
Key points:
The flu, colds, and most coughs are caused by viruses.
Antibiotics don’t work on viruses.
Some viral infections can be prevented by vaccines (examples:
influenza, polio, chicken pox).
The best way to treat a viral infection, like a cold or flu, is
with rest, plenty of liquids, and over-the-counter medicine
designed to relieve your specific symptoms such as body aches and
fever.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
What Are Bacteria?
Single-celled microscopic organisms
human cells
Aid in digestion
Digest sewage into simple chemicals
Extract nitrogen from air and make it available to plants for
protein production
Some are harmful (pathogenic):
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Text:
Now we will move into one of our major topics - bacteria. Bacteria
are extremely small and can only be seen through microscope. They
are single-celled organisms but they are larger than a virus –
viruses are even smaller than bacteria. Most bacteria are good and
play a positive roll in nature. They aid in digestion, change
sewage into simple chemicals, extract nitrogen from the air which
plants use for protein production. Some bacteria, however, are
harmful – also known as pathogenic. Pathogenic bacteria can damage
tissues in the body or produce toxins, causing disease.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
What Some Bacteria Look Like
(not to scale)
Text:
Here are a couple of examples of what some bacteria look like.
These are not to scale, but, the one on the left is known as E coli
which often causes urinary tract infections. Some specific types of
E coli can cause very serious
gastrointestinal infections or foodborne illnesses. The strep
bacteria on the right (purple) can cause strep throat or skin
infections.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Natural Habitats of Bacteria
Text:
Bacteria proliferate more in certain types of environments. They
favor moisture and are often found in soil, around plants and in
water. Bacteria also thrive in or on animals and humans such as on
their skin, upper airway and mouth (where it is moist), in the
stomach and intestines and in the vagina.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Most Bacteria Are Harmless
Animals
Humans
Occupy (colonize) sites that might otherwise be invaded by harmful
(pathogenic) bacteria
Aid in digestion
Text:
It is important to emphasize that most bacteria are harmless or
even helpful. Bacteria recycle organic matter and wastes in soil,
water and plants. Bacteria aid in the digestion of cellulose in the
stomachs of cows or llamas. Bacteria can
reside (or colonize) humans in sites that might otherwise become
invaded by harmful or pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria also aid in
human digestion.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Identification of Bacteria
Generally identified by:
shape when viewed under the microscope
procedure called Gram stain, which is positive or negative,
depending on absence or presence of an outer membrane and the
thickness of the cell wall
whether they require oxygen to grow or are poisoned by oxygen
nutrients they can use to grow
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Text:
There are certain features that allow us to identify the presence
of bacteria. These include: the shape when viewed under a
microscope, a Gram stain procedure that determines the absence or
presence of an outer membrane and the correlated thickness of the
cell wall, whether it requires oxygen or is poisoned by oxygen,
nutrients to grow, and the sequences of proteins made by the
bacteria, or sequences of the bacterial DNA or RNA.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Host Defenses Against
entry into the tissue:
Stomach acid
Frequent flushing out of eyes by tears, or of bladder by
urine
Mucus in the lungs and coughing
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Text:
Some of the host cell defenses used to fight off pathogenic
bacteria include: intact skin (no cuts, scrapes, etc.), protective
lining of the upper airway, GI tract and vagina, stomach acid , and
frequent flushing of the eyes by tears, or of the bladder by urine,
and mucus in the lungs and coughing. These all help the body
protect the host cells from invasion by the pathogenic
bacteria.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Host Defenses Against Pathogenic Bacteria (cont.)
Immune System
Produces specific antibodies (proteins)
Bind and inactivate the bacteria
Cause inflammation and increase blood flow
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Text:
In addition, the body’s immune system notifies the body that
bacteria and their products are present. This causes the immune
system to produce specific antibodies or proteins. These antibodies
go to the site of the infection to bind an
inactivate the bacteria. Antibodies can cause swelling or
inflammation which increases blood flow to the area, and recruits
white blood cells to ingest and kill the bacteria.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
How Does Bacteria Damage
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Text:
With all of these defenses in place, how do bacteria win and damage
the host cell?
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
How Bacteria Cause Infection
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Text:
Harmful or pathogenic bacteria have special features allowing them
to overwhelm the immune system defenses and cause infection. These
features are called “virulence factors”.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Bacterial Offense
“Virulence Factors”
Produce toxic compounds that damage
host cells or surround tissue
Produce proteins that either disrupt
the host cells or stimulate uptake into the host cells, allowing
them to penetrate deeper into different parts
of the body
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Text:
These are some of the features that allow bacteria to be strong
enough to overcome the immune system and harm the host cells’:
ability to attach themselves to the host cells’, production of
toxic compounds that cause damage to the host cells’ or the
surrounding tissue, production of proteins that disturb the host
cells’ or stimulate uptake into the host cells’ allowing the
bacteria to penetrate deeper into the body, and having a feature or
component that prevents or limits the host cells’ immune
response.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Module Two: What We Will Learn
Antibiotics
Strategies for overcoming antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Appropriate use
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Text:
We will talk about why antibiotics were developed, how antibiotics
work against bacteria, how bacteria become resistant, and
strategies for overcoming antibiotic resistance in the
future.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
What is an Antibiotic?
A chemical that kills bacteria or stops them from growing
Antibiotics work only against bacteria, not viruses
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Key points:
Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria or stop them from
growing.
There are different types of antibiotics, each designed to work on
specific types of bacteria.
Only a healthcare provider can prescribe the right antibiotic for
your bacterial infection. It is important to use the right drug for
your bug!
Instructor’s note:
Ask the students if they have ever taken an antibiotic. Ask them
about their experience: did they visit the doctor? Did they take
all of the medicine? Did the medicine make them feel better?
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Timeline of Antibiotics and Development of Resistance
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Text:
We are going to begin with the timeline of antibiotics and the
development of resistance.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Antibiotic Timeline
1940s
The first antibiotics are mass produced for humans and work
well
1990s
1950s
Antibiotic resistance begins as soon as the first antibiotics are
used
Today
?
?
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Antibiotic Timeline:
Bacteria have been around for a long, long time. They were among
the first forms of life on this planet. By the time dinosaurs
appeared, bacteria had already been here for millions of years.
Antibiotics have also been around since prehistoric time, since
they were produced by some bacteria and other microbes to defend
themselves against aggressive bacteria. Humans discovered
penicillin in the 1920s and this began a search for others as well.
By the 1940s, antibiotics began to be used to cure bacterial
infections. Before antibiotics, people often died from bacterial
infections. This timeline puts the evolution of antibiotics into
perspective; within just a few years of their introduction into use
by doctors - bacteria were becoming resistant to these important,
life-saving medicines.
Key points:
Bacteria have been around for millions of years, surviving the ice
age and the dinosaurs.
In the 1940s, antibiotics were mass produced and first used by
humans to treat infections in people.
Before antibiotics were discovered and made available for
physicians to prescribe, there was no effective treatment for
bacterial infections. People often died from these infections. In
1924, President Calvin Coolidge’s 16-year old son, who had the best
treatment available, died from an infected blister on his
foot.
Bacteria have continued to develop new resistance, outsmarting our
antibiotics. If we don’t use antibiotics properly, they may not
work in the future. Today, microbiologists and researchers are
discovering strains of bacteria that are resistant to multiple
types of antibiotics. We even have some pathogenic bacteria that do
not appear to respond to any of the antibiotics currently
available.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Key Knowledge About Antibiotics
The first antibiotics were made from products of soil microbes
(fungi and bacteria)
These microbes were fighting with other microbes for space to live
and grow in the soil
Chemists developed the first mass-produced antibiotics in the
1940s
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Text:
The first antibiotics were naturally occurring products of soil
microbes such as fungi and bacteria. They evolved as weapons to
fight with other microbes to preserve their own space to live and
grow in the soil. Chemists developed the first mass-produced
antibiotics in the 1940s. Almost as soon as physicians began
prescribing antibiotics in the 1940s, mutant bacteria that were
resistant to the antibiotics were selected as the susceptible
bacteria were killed off.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Key Knowledge About Antibiotics
Chemists then made new, more sophisticated antibiotics
In a short period of time, bacteria developed resistance to these
new antibiotics
Today some newer antibiotics are synthetic, designed to jam and
kill the mutating bacteria
Bacteria continue to mutate and survive new antibiotics
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Text:
As resistance began to increase, chemists made new, more
sophisticated antibiotics. Within a short period of time, even the
more sophisticated antibiotics lost their original effectiveness
against bacteria as they continued to mutate and become resistant.
Today, some newer antibiotics are synthetic, designed to prevent
the proliferation and kill the bacteria. Unfortunately, bacteria
continue to be able to mutate and survive our newest antibiotics
that have been developed.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Key Concepts to Remember
About Antibiotics
A newly developed antibiotic is most effective when it is first
released for human treatment
Today some bacteria have developed multidrug resistance, and, in
some cases, bacteria are resistant to all available
antibiotics
Over time, even fewer antibiotics will be effective, unless newer
ones can be developed to replace them
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Text:
A new antibiotic is most effective against bacteria as soon as it
is approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). Shortly after it becomes broadly used, it will select
resistant bacteria.
Today, some bacteria have developed multidrug resistance, and, in
some cases, bacteria are resistant to all available
antibiotics
Over time, even fewer of our current antibiotics will be effective,
unless newer ones are developed to replace the antibiotics that are
no longer working well.
Research and development of new antibiotics has slowed down. It
takes up to ten years to get FDA approval for a new drug and it can
cost over $1 billion to develop and test it.
There is less financial incentive to develop an antibiotic, which
is usually taken for a limited period of time, as opposed to a drug
for high blood pressure that would be taken for life by a larger
group of people.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
How Antibiotics Work
If you think of bacteria as a lock, then an antibiotic is like a
key
I’M A LOCK!
I’M A KEY!
Bacterial Lock and Antibiotic Key
Four things can happen:
The antibiotic key can unlock the bacteria and kill them
The antibiotic key can become damaged so it cannot open the
bacterial lock
The bacterial lock can make slight changes so the key (antibiotic)
no longer fits in the lock
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If you think of bacteria as a lock and antibiotics as a key – four
things can happen:
Text:
The antibiotic key is the right key and unlock the bacteria and
kills them
The antibiotic key becomes damaged and cannot open the bacterial
lock
The bacterial lock can alter (mutate) itself to the antibiotic key
no longer can open the lock
The bacterial keyhole becomes blocked (by mutation), preventing the
antibiotic from entering
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
How Do Antibiotics Fight Bacteria?
Antibiotics disrupt a specific function of a bacterium, preventing
its growth and replication by:
interfering with DNA or RNA replication
disrupting the production of the bacterial cell wall
preventing the production of proteins and smaller molecules that
are necessary for growth and replication
Dissolving the cell membrane, causing leakage of cytoplasmic
contents
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Text:
Antibiotics are designed to disrupt a specific function of the
bacteria, causing it to no longer be able to grow and replicate by
one of four ways:
Interfering with DNA or RNA replication
Disrupting the production of the bacterial cell wall
Preventing the production of proteins needed for the bacteria to
grow and replicate
Dissolving the cell membrane, causing leakage of cytoplasmic
contents
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Key Concepts to Remember About Antibiotics
A newly developed antibiotic is most effective when it is first
released for human treatment, since later use will inevitably
select resistant bacteria
Today some bacteria have developed multidrug resistance, and, in
some cases, bacteria are resistant to all available
antibiotics
Over time, even fewer antibiotics will be effective, unless newer
ones can be developed to replace them
*
Text:
A new antibiotic is most effective against bacteria as soon as it
is approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). Shortly after it becomes broadly used, it will select
resistant bacteria.
Today, some bacteria have developed multidrug resistance, and, in
some cases, bacteria are resistant to all available
antibiotics
Over time, even fewer of our current antibiotics will be effective,
unless newer ones are developed to replace the antibiotics that are
no longer working well.
Research and development of new antibiotics has slowed down. It
takes up to ten years to get FDA approval for a new drug and it can
cost over $1 billion to develop and test it.
There is less financial incentive to develop an antibiotic, which
is usually taken for a limited period of time, as opposed to a drug
for high blood pressure that would be taken for life by a larger
group of people.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
How Does Resistance Develop?
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The genetic material from resistant bacteria is transferred to
susceptible bacteria (again – sensitive in this context means the
same as susceptible)
Selective pressure causes proliferation of resistant cells, which
are preserved and able to multiply, while the susceptible cells are
killed.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Selective Pressure
The presence of an antibiotic selects the growth of an organism
that has become resistant by mutation or acquiring new DNA.
Mechanisms include:
Patient non-compliance (only taking for a few days or skipping
doses)
Inadequate dosing (dose to low, or doses spaced too far
apart)
Misuse of antibiotics
Inappropriate use (patient taking antibiotics prescribed for a
different infection)
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Text
Selective pressure means that the presence of an antibiotic selects
the growth of an organism to become resistant by mutation or
acquiring new DNA. Mechanisms for selective pressure include:
Patient is non-compliant (does not take any medication, takes it
for only a few days, or skips doses)
Inadequate dosing (not high enough dosage or doses spaced too far
apart) (not taken as prescribed by care provider)
Misuse of antibiotics such as
Overuse (prescribing when not needed)
Inappropriate use (patient taking antibiotics that were prescribed
for a different infection)
Unnecessary use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic (prescribing an
antibiotic that can adversely affect colonizing bacteria in the GI
tract while targeting strep throat).
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Important Things to Remember About Antibiotics
Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses.
Taking an antibiotic unnecessarily
the antibiotic.
Take your antibiotics as prescribed by your care provider.
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Why Should We Be Concerned About Antibiotic Resistance?
Antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem
Resistant infections are difficult to treat –
the bacteria may be resistant to multiple
types of antibiotics
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Why Should We Be Concerned About Antibiotic Resistance?
(cont.)
It takes 10 years to develop a new antibiotic and over $1B to fund
the development
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Additional Environmental Concerns
Antibiotics are being used to treat meat animals and poultry to
prevent infections rather than to treat them, and to promote faster
growth; this excessive antibiotic usage can lead to selection of
antibiotic resistant bacteria which can get into humans, either
from close contact or consumption of infected meat or dairy
products
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Text:
Federal legislation is pending to establish parameters about
appropriate use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Many people do
not know how to properly dispose of old or unused antibiotics or
other medication. Contact your pharmacy to see if they have a
policy of accepting unused medication or if they can direct you to
a proper disposal location.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
Preventing Bacterial Infection
Cover coughs and sneezes
Eating healthy foods
NEVER take an antibiotic for
a viral infection, like a cold or flu
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Key points:
Prevention is the best medicine -- take care of your body! Eat
healthy foods, hydrate yourself with water, exercise regularly and
get plenty of rest to keep your immune system strong and
functioning.
Keep your hands clean! Washing them with soap and warm water for at
least 30 seconds if the best way to get bacteria and viruses off
your hands. If you need to cough or sneeze, use a tissue or cough
into your sleeve.
Only your care provider can determine whether you have a viral or
bacterial infection and what treatment you need.
Never take an antibiotic for a viral infection!
Instructor’s note: If you would like to demonstrate proper hand
washing technique, use Glo Germ lotion and a black light to
demonstrate how germs spread from person to person.
Instructions: Place a little bit of Glo Germ lotion on the first
student’s hands in each row. Have the student rub it in and shake
hands with the person next to him, repeating the handshaking to the
end of the row.
Turn off the lights in the room. Turn on the black light and hold
it over the students hands to illuminate the white lotion. Just
like germs, the lotion is spread by hands touching.
© MARR Coalition 2002 – 2012 H.S. Curriculum Content
What Else Can You Do?
If you are prescribed antibiotics, take all of the medication as
prescribed by your care provider
Do not stop taking an antibiotic before the end of the treatment
course just because you start to feel better; residual bacteria may
multiply, causing recurrence of symptoms that may require
retreatment increasing the likelihood of selecting resistant
cells
Never share or save antibiotics
Spread the word, not the resistance
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Thank you for your attention!
Pre-packaged lesson Modules I and II will be available at the MARR
website soon.
517-664-5263 or email at:
[email protected]
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