New Autogas Formulation for Diesel Engines

7/26/2019 New Autogas Formulation for Diesel Engines

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NewNew AutogasAutogas FormulationFormulation

for Diesel Enginesfor Diesel Engines

Iwatani International CorporationIwatani International Corporation

MakihikoMakihiko MoriMori

SLIDE 1

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Demand

(million

ton)

96

97

98

99

Demand for automotive fuel in the worldDemand for automotive fuel in the world

SourceSource Oil information 2000 ( IEA)Oil information 2000 ( IEA)

Statistical review of Global LPG 2000(WLPGA)Statistical review of Global LPG 2000(WLPGA)

Developing a SustainableDeveloping a Sustainable AutogasAutogas Market (WLPGA)Market (WLPGA)

Kerosene, light oil Motor gasoline LPG Autogas

SLIDE 2


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Number of carbonNumber of carbon

Octane numberOctane number

CetaneCetane numbernumber

EngineEngine

PM emissionPM emission

Characteristics of fuelsCharacteristics of fuels

NGNG LPGLPG GasolineGasoline KeroseneKerosene Light oilLight oil Heavy oilHeavy oil

11 33 44 55 99 1111 1212 1515 2222 232313138822 66 77 1010 1414 1616 1717 1818 1919 2020 2121

highhigh

highhigh

muchmuch

muchmuch

muchmuch

Gasoline engineGasoline engine Diesel engineDiesel engine

Sulfur, aromatic compoundsSulfur, aromatic compounds

Viscosity, lubricityViscosity, lubricity

SLIDE 3

Characteristics of LPG as diesel engine fuelCharacteristics of LPG as diesel engine fuel

Easily vaporizedEasily vaporized

Containing no sulfur andContaining no sulfur and

aromatic compoundaromatic compound

Low PMLow PM emissionemission

Use of catalyst forUse of catalyst for

thethe deNOxdeNOx

Improvement ofImprovement ofcetanecetanenumbernumber

Countermeasures for fuelCountermeasures for fuelpump failurespump failures

LowLow cetanecetane numbernumber

Low lubricity andLow lubricity and

viscosityviscosity

MeritsMerits

DemeritsDemerits

SLIDE 4


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ComotecComotec

CorporationCorporation

Vehicle remodelingVehicle remodeling

techniquetechnique

Molecule design ofMolecule design of

cetanecetane numbernumberimproverimprover

The UniversityThe University

of Tokyoof Tokyo

LP gas engine technologyLP gas engine technology

National Institute ofNational Institute of

Advanced IndustrialAdvanced Industrial

Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

Fuel adjusting techniqueFuel adjusting technique

IwataniIwataniInternationalInternational

CorporationCorporation

Development teamDevelopment team

LPG dieselLPG diesel

techniquetechnique

SLIDE 5

GTL light oil: 5 to 20 wt%GTL light oil: 5 to 20 wt%

andand

CetaneCetane number improver:number improver:

0.5 to 3 wt%0.5 to 3 wt%

Improvement ofImprovement of

cetanecetane numbernumber

Addition of materialAddition of material

with high ignitionwith high ignition

SLIDE 6


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CHCH33--CC--OO--OO--CC--CHCH33

CHCH33CHCH33

CHCH33CHCH33CHCH33(CH(CH22))33CHCHCHCH22--ONOONO22

CHCH22CHCH33

TypicalTypical cetanecetane number improvernumber improver

Main applicationMain application::Polymerization starting agent of plastics, curing agentPolymerization starting agent of plastics, curing agent

Main manufacturer:Main manufacturer:

Ethyl,Ethyl, AkzoAkzo NobelNobel

NitrateNitrate Organic peroxideOrganic peroxide

Ex: 2Ex: 2--EthylhexylnitrateEthylhexylnitrate Ex: DEx: Dii--tertiarytertiary--butylperoxidebutylperoxide DTBPDTBP

SLIDE 7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Addition of cetane number improver

Cetanenum

ber[-]

Influence of GTL light oil on the effect ofInfluence of GTL light oil on the effect ofcetanecetane number improvernumber improver

CetaneCetane numbernumber

of light oilof light oil

Amount of additionAmount of addition

of GTL light oilof GTL light oil

SLIDE 8

largelarge


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Molecule design ofMolecule design ofcetanecetane number improvernumber improver

Computer softwareComputer software

CHEMKIN 3.5CHEMKIN 3.5

Reaction modelReaction model

LPG: Extension of the model built by Kojima,LPG: Extension of the model built by Kojima, et. alet. al..

CetaneCetane number improver: Model built by Griffith,number improver: Model built by Griffith, et. al.et. al.

Calculation by MOPAC 97 (AM1)Calculation by MOPAC 97 (AM1)

Check of modelCheck of model

Shock tube testShock tube test

FIA testFIA test

Thermodynamic dataThermodynamic data

Calculation by THERGASCalculation by THERGAS Calculation resultsCalculation results

SLIDE 9

0%

1%

6%

0%

0.01%0.1%

DTBP Tx 145

Light oilLight oil

LPGLPG

Combustion states inside the engineCombustion states inside the engine

SLIDE 10


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Countermeasures for fuel pumpsCountermeasures for fuel pumps

Improver of lubricityImprover of lubricity

(2)(2) Improvement of fuel properties by additivesImprovement of fuel properties by additives

(1)(1) Improvement of pumpsImprovement of pumps

InIn--line injector pump: carbon coating of plungersline injector pump: carbon coating of plungers

Rotary distributor pump: pressure tightness of oil sealsRotary distributor pump: pressure tightness of oil seals

Improver of viscosityImprover of viscosity

SLIDE 11

Performance and exhaust gas characteristicsPerformance and exhaust gas characteristics

0

5

10

15

20

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

BMEP (MPa) engine loade

Smoke[%]

0

200

400

600

800

NOx[ppm]

0

10

20

30

40

Efficiency[%]

LPG

Light oil

SLIDE 12


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Experimental modelsExperimental models

Vehicle No.1Vehicle No.1

(with in(with in--line injectorline injector

pump)pump)

Acquisition of license plate in June 2000Acquisition of license plate in June 2000

Confirmation of realization of our concept with available fuel cConfirmation of realization of our concept with available fuel costsosts

Traveled distance: over 15,000 kmTraveled distance: over 15,000 km

Acquisition of license plate in March 2001Acquisition of license plate in March 2001

Confirmation of prospect of the vehicle manufacturing costConfirmation of prospect of the vehicle manufacturing cost


(with rotary distributor(with rotary distributor

pump)pump)SLIDE 13

Catalyst for exhaust gasCatalyst for exhaust gas

Fuel tank for LPGFuel tank for LPG

with builtwith built--in pumpin pump

Main remodeling partsMain remodeling parts

Pressure tightness ofPressure tightness of

pump shaft sealspump shaft sealsSLIDE 14

Rotary distributor pumpRotary distributor pump


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Exhaust gas test results of experimental modelsExhaust gas test results of experimental models

by mode testby mode test

SLIDE 15


engine 97 Regulation 02 Regulation

G13 D13 G13 D13 G13 D13

CO 0.2 51.0 7.40 16.0 2.22

HC 1.06 1.80 2.90 0.58 0.87

NOx 3.61 4.50 4.50 1.40 3.38

PM30% of

light oil0.25 0.18

g/kWhg/kWh

Exhaust gas targeted values for LPG diesel vehicleExhaust gas targeted values for LPG diesel vehicle

00

0.10.1

0.20.2

0.30.3

00 11 22 33 44 55

NOxNOx [g/kWh][g/kWh]

PM[g/kWh]

PM[g/kWh]

Euro 3Euro 3

(2000)(2000)

Euro 4Euro 4

(2005)(2005)

Euro 5Euro 5

(2008)(2008)

9797 RegulationRegulation

0202 RegulationRegulation

Target level ofTarget level of

the vehicle No.3the vehicle No.3

(50% of(50% of 02 regulated value)02 regulated value)

SLIDE 16


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Targeted values for industrializationTargeted values for industrialization

Fuel costFuel costNo more than 110%No more than 110%

of that ofof that ofautogasautogas

Remodeling costRemodeling cost

of vehicleof vehicle500,000/500,000/unitunit

Start ofStart of

practical usepractical use April 2002April 2002

Basic conceptBasic concept

on licensingon licensingPrincipally openPrincipally open

SLIDE 17

DME diesel vehiclesDME diesel vehicles

VolvoVolvo

NKKNKK

Iwatani (temporary)Iwatani (temporary)

SLIDE 18


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Video 2

High speed operating tests on a test courseHigh speed operating tests on a test course

Documents

New Autogas Formulation for Diesel Engines