New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”

New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”

Koldaev AKoldaev A.**,.**, Gusev A.*, Konovalov D.**, Kutarov A.**, Miller E. **Gusev A.*, Konovalov D.**, Kutarov A.**, Miller E. **

*Roshydromet, Russia,*Roshydromet, Russia,** Central Aerological Observatory, Roshydromet,Russia,** Central Aerological Observatory, Roshydromet,Russia,

*** State Hydrological Institute, Roshydromet, Russia*** State Hydrological Institute, Roshydromet, RussiaCAO

List of contentsList of contents

I.I. LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP”

I.I. ConstructionConstruction

II.II. Field experimentsField experiments

III.III. Current locations on the observational Current locations on the observational networknetwork

II.II. Present Weather SensorPresent Weather Sensor

I.I. Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background

II.II. Technical approachTechnical approach

III.III. Experimental resultsExperimental results

III.III. DisdrometryDisdrometry

I.I. Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background

II.II. Technical approachTechnical approach

III.III. Experimental resultsExperimental results



LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” ConstructionConstruction

Microwave receiver

Microwave transmitter

Analog to digit Converter

Digital Processor ADSP-21061

ROM&

Software

Digit to Analog

Converter

The principal of operation is based on The principal of operation is based on measurements of vertical velocities of rain drops measurements of vertical velocities of rain drops by means of micro power Doppler radar working by means of micro power Doppler radar working in continuous mode of radiation at frequency 11 in continuous mode of radiation at frequency 11

GHz.GHz.The system is consist withThe system is consist with Microwave receiver/transmitter working Microwave receiver/transmitter working through the same horn antenna (Microwave through the same horn antenna (Microwave module)module) Low Frequency Amplifier (LFA)Low Frequency Amplifier (LFA) The Digital Processor, performs FFT The Digital Processor, performs FFT algorithm and all digital exchange functionsalgorithm and all digital exchange functions

LCR is made with all modern materials and LCR is made with all modern materials and common western type electronic components. common western type electronic components. It’s allow constructing compact reliable device It’s allow constructing compact reliable device with very powerful capacity. with very powerful capacity.


LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” Field experimentsField experiments

As a result of field tests the big volume of experimental data As a result of field tests the big volume of experimental data was collected. This information allowed to improve the parts was collected. This information allowed to improve the parts

and whole construction of the device and to start the and whole construction of the device and to start the production of signal series of LCR “DROP” The influence of production of signal series of LCR “DROP” The influence of wind was investigated also, and it was experimentally proven wind was investigated also, and it was experimentally proven that wind not decrease the accuracy, which is found in good that wind not decrease the accuracy, which is found in good

agreement with the accuracy of State Standard. agreement with the accuracy of State Standard.

Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg. Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg. September 2003September 2003Alfa sample of LSR –11 on the experimental site of ATTEX.Alfa sample of LSR –11 on the experimental site of ATTEX.

Comparisons of LCR –11 with the Russian Federation State Comparisons of LCR –11 with the Russian Federation State Standard of Rain Precipitation on the experimental site of State Standard of Rain Precipitation on the experimental site of State Hydrological Institute. Valday, Novgorod Reg. May-September Hydrological Institute. Valday, Novgorod Reg. May-September 2004.2004.

The results of direct comparisons of LCR-11 with the Rain recorder P-2. The graphs of precipitation accumulation within about 7 hours. Valday, 28 August 2004.

The results of comparisons with State Standard and Ground Mounted Standard within a whole month. (Valday, 1-31 August 2004). On the plot the 24 hours accumulated values are presented. P-2 data are

presented also for reference only.


LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” TodayToday

20072007 20020088


LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” ConceptConcept

Microwave receiver




ROM&

Software

Digit to Analog

Converter


Present weather sensorPresent weather sensor Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background

(1)(1)

52 6

0 4( )D N k D

(2)(2)

2 2 22

1

2( ) (2 1)( )n n

n

d n a bk

(3)(3)2

d

Vf

(4)(4)

25

4 232Т

ПP Se k

P ZR

(5)(5)

, where, where 2( -1)( 1)k

, where , where 22

3Se L

Meteorological Event

Vav[m/sec] Deff[mm] P60/P11[dB] 11 [Hz]

Rain 5 3 49 2000/357

Wet snow 2 8 62 800/143

Dry snow 1.5 1 38 600/107

Drizzle 0.5 0.5 33 200/36

Fog 0.01 0.05 30 4/0.7

60 /d df f

1D

<<<<


Present weather sensorPresent weather sensor Technical approachTechnical approach


Present weather sensorPresent weather sensor Experimental resultsExperimental results


LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” ConceptConcept

Microwave receiver




ROM&

Software

Digit to Analog

Converter


DisdrometerDisdrometer Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background

Vg

max

min

( ) ( ) ( ) ( , )D

D

S f N D V D S f D dD 21

2 /0

0

( ) 1/ ( ) ( )M

j k Ms s

m

S kf M H mT mT e

42

6

0 to 63k kj jj

S A N k

630

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/j m kjk

N S A

DisdrometerDisdrometer Technical approachTechnical approach



DisdrometerDisdrometer Experimental resultsExperimental results


DisdrometerDisdrometer Experimental resultsExperimental results


Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention

Dr. Koldaev ArkadyDr. Koldaev Arkady

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New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”