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Never trust Australians; are Banksia and Acacia becoming a
problem in New Zealand?
Gary Houliston, Peter Heenan
Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
Lots of bad / unpleasant things come from Australia:
Plant Invasions in New Zealand• 29000 introduced plant species in New
Zealand
• 700 new emerging weeds reported in the last 20 years (approx 1 every 10 days)
• Border incursions are minor!
Genetics of plant invasions
• Plants usually undergo a “lag-phase” between introduction and invasion
• What causes plants to emerge from the “lag-phase”– Local adaptation– Propagule pressure
Two case studies:Acacia pravissima
Banksia integrifolia
“Coastal Banksia”
• Popular nursery plant!
• Australian Dryland / coastal species
• Sampling across Australian / New Zealand Ranges
Banksia integrifolia in NZ
• Planted to stabilise sand dunes / ornamental
• Naturalising in several regions
• Fast growing, high seed output
• Widespread coastal species in native range
Microsatellites developed for Banksia oblongifolia
• Five reliable markers
• 2- 8 alleles per locus
• Initial analysis for 98 individuals (27 from NZ, 71 from Aust)
QLD N = 17
NSW, VIC N = 54
NZ N = 27
Principle Co-ordinate Analysis
• Pco
Principal Coordinates
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
11
1
11
11
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
33
3
33
33
12
1111
11311111122222113
11111111
32222
111
33322
1111 11
2233312
221111
12
Coord. 1
Co
ord
. 2
1 = NSW / Vict, 2 = NZ, 3 = QLD
Why does it matter?
• Variable populations are generally:
–Healthier / more vigorous
–Better able to resist control agents
–More likely to match the local environment
–Have full suite of reproductive types
Acknowledgements
• Landcare Research FRST Capability Fund
• Linda Broadhurst / Andrew Young CSIRO
• Melbourne University Herbarium