Neutrino experiments

No of PL participants

Gallex/GNO 1997 - 2001 1 Super- Kamiokande 1996 - 1-2 K2K (KEK to Kamioka) 1998 – 2005 2 Borexino 1994 - 2 Icarus 2000 - 36* Gerda 2004 - 1

Also considered: T2K (T2k-LAr) LOI GLACIER R&D

Danuta Kiełczewska Warsaw University &A.Sołtan Institute of Nuclear StudiesExperiments with

involvement of PL groups:

Also individualparticipation in Minos

02finallya significantPL contribution

(some part-time)

Polish neutrino groups Senior (18)

Junior(21) (incl

PhD,MSc)Katowice University of Silesia US J. Kisiel, W. Zipper 2

Kraków:Cracow University of Technology H. Kuna-Ciskal, M. MaślakInstitute of Nuclear Physics IFJ A. Dąbrowska, J. W. Mietelski, 4

M. Szarska, A. ZalewskaJagellonian University UJ M. Wójcik 2Univ. of Science and Technology AGH R. Rumian 1

Warszawa Institute for Nuclear Studies IPJ T. Kozłowski, E. Rondio, 3

J. Stepaniak, M. SzeptyckaWarsaw University WaU W. Dominik, D. Kiełczewska 4Warsaw University of Technology K. Zaremba 1

WrocławWrocław University WrU J. Sobczyk 4

(Neutrino phenomenology)

PhD theses:

1) G. Żużel, Jagellonian Univ., 2002, „Rn-226 as a background source in Borexino”,2) B. Beckman, University of Silesia, 2004

„Neutrino properies from supernova explosion”

Completed:

Current (9):

A. Ankowski Wrocław University Theory of neutrino interactionsK. Graczyk as above as aboveJ. Nowak as above as above

J. Łagoda Warsaw University IcarusW. Półchłopek AGH Icarus P. Przewłocki IPJ Icarus, T2K-LAr S. Stach US IcarusA. Szelc IFJ Dark Matter, LAr TPCJ. Zalipska IPJ K2K

Master theses (MSc) :

G. Żużel, UJ Borexino 1998U. Gołębiewska, WaU Super-Kamiokande 1998M. Misiaszek, UJ Borexino 2000J. Pasternak, WrU Pion production for a neutrino factory , 2000J. Nowak WrU CP violation in neutrino interactions, 2001

A. Moryc, WaU/IPJ Super-Kamiokande 2001

K. Cieślak, WaU/IPJ Super-Kamiokande 2001M. Barańska WaU/IPJ Super-Kamiokande 2001

P. Przewłocki, WaU/IPJ Super-Kamiokande 2002

D. Rytter WaU/IPJ Super-Kamiokande 2002A. Maszczyk, UJ Borexino (SNO) 2002P. Brylski, IFJ Icarus 2003P. Lipiński, UJ Borexino 2003M. Kołodziej US Icarus 2004S. Stach US Icarus 2004A. Ankowski, WrU „ QE neutrino interactions”, 2004A. Szelc , IFJ Dark Matter in LAr 2004D. Stefan, IFJ Icarus 2004

Completed:18

Review of experiments

Super-Kamiokande

~ 140 authors

JAPANUSAKOREAPOLAND

Institutions

1614 3 1

Discovery of oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos (1998)(the most often cited high energy experimental paper

in the SLAC HEP database (>2200 citations)

First „neutrino-graphy” of the Sun Search for proton decays Search for Dark Matter (via neutralino annihilation)

(Warsaw University)

Oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos in SK

2 2

2

0.0019 0.0030 eV

sin 2 0.90 at 90% . .c l

m

Oscillation

Decay Decoherence

Evidence for oscillationOscillation parameters

NN Result: a = 1.95 ± .63b = 1.03 ± .06

Expected #:26.8 fitted #:52 ± 17

Signal Eff: 34%Total number of tau = 155(total exp’d=79)

BGb+Taua=θf cos

Search for tau appearance in SK

Preliminary

Atmospheric:

Zenith angle P.P. – MSc thesis 2002

A sample enriched in tau.

Deficit of solar neutrinosDeficit of solar neutrinos(also with participation of PL groups)

JagellonianUniversity

WarsawUniversity

K2K - KEK to Kamioka K2K - KEK to Kamioka

250 km~ 160 authors36 institutions(2 from Pl: Wa U, IPJ)

A beam of of energy around 1 GeVCompared at near detectors and at SK.

Near Detectors at KEKNear Detectors at KEK

SciBar

PL contribution:• Construction of SciFi• Cher. light calibration• Particle identification PhD student on site

Observation of oscillation in K2KObservation of oscillation in K2K

for 103.8

events 151 :expected

events 107 :observed1210

Final result:

w/o oscill.

22

2

eV0028.0

0.12sin

m

effect4

A combination of oberved:

• event deficit• spectrum

A summary of the oscillation

measurements:

845

6.13.32

23

12

13

2 20.00005 eV 0.00008 eVsolarm

2 20.0019 eV 0.003 eVatmm

Mixing:

NOT max

max

Future measurements:

Better precision for:

122322 solaratm mm

Sign of:2atmm appearance

Borexino

To be filled with water at the end of 2005, and finally with scintillator in 2006

To study Be solar neutrinos.in Gran Sasso Lab.

17 Institutionsincl: Jagellonian University-Selection of low radioactivity materials.

Nucleon stability p e++

Supernova neutrinos

Solar neutrinos

A modular approach : T600 + T1200 +T1200 to reach the design mass

Long Baseline neutrinos

Icarus LAr TPC detector and physics program

P. Sala

Atmospheric neutrinos

The ICARUS Collaboration

ITALY: L'Aquila, LNF, LNGS, Milano, Napoli, Padova, Pavia, Pisa, CNR Torino, Politec. Milano. L'Aquila, LNF, LNGS, Milano, Napoli, Padova, Pavia, Pisa, CNR Torino, Politec. Milano.

SWITZERLAND:SWITZERLAND: ETH/Zürich. ETH/Zürich.

CHINA:CHINA: Academia Sinica Beijing. Academia Sinica Beijing.

POLAND:POLAND: Univ. of Silesia Katowice, Univ. of Mining and Metallurgy Krakow, Inst. of Nucl. Phys. Univ. of Silesia Katowice, Univ. of Mining and Metallurgy Krakow, Inst. of Nucl. Phys. Krakow, Univ. of Technology Krakow, A.Soltan Inst. for Nucl. Studies Warszawa, Warsaw Univ., Krakow, Univ. of Technology Krakow, A.Soltan Inst. for Nucl. Studies Warszawa, Warsaw Univ., Wroclaw Univ.Wroclaw Univ.

USA:USA: UCLA Los Angeles. UCLA Los Angeles.

SPAIN:SPAIN: CIEMAT, Univ. of Granada. CIEMAT, Univ. of Granada.

RUSSIA:RUSSIA:Dubna, INR (Moscow) Dubna, INR (Moscow)

25 institutions, 145 physicists

From PL: 7 institutions, 36 physicists

Icarus milestones

2001 - Test in Pavia (with atmospheric muons) 300 tons of LAr (5 papers in 2003-2004) Dec 2004 - T600 successfully transported to Gran Sasso

underground laboratory Dec 22, 2004 – INFN fully approved main orders for T1200 mechanics and cryogenics

A large cryogenic facility, dimensioned for the operation of the full liquid Argon mass is now under construction in the Hall B of the LNGS.

(since PL joined the collaboration in 2000)

T600 analysis: π0 mass reconstruction

tt00 = 12.4 = 12.4 s, s, e e = 1.65 ms= 1.65 ms

E(E(11) = 182.5) = 182.5±±22.2 MeV22.2 MeV

E(E(22) = 180.8) = 180.8±±20.1 MeV20.1 MeV

Run 712 Evt 7 (Left Collection View)

MM = 150.6 = 150.6±±11.8 11.8 MeV/cMeV/c22

51 0 candidate events

= 40= 40ºº

Main vertex

Poland+ Pavia analysis

Preliminary

in agreement with expectede.m. resolution!

comb. backgroundin events

with > 2 showers

Polish participation in Icarus

Test in Pavia• One of the triggers was prepared by PL groups.• Shifts• Data analysis: - study of the propagation of scintillation light

- reconstruction of 0 events - reconstruction of muon energies - data compression

Icarus in LNGS (examples) • modification of the readout electronics• neutrino interactions (analytical and MC) • procedures for tau event selection• a check of mechanical parameters for cryostats

Production of anode wires for next modules

Anode wires for T1200 - production in

Poland Present status: • All the equipment has been constructed, purchased or borrowed from Pavia with many improvements as compared to the original Pavia setup for the wire production of T600.• Common work of the experimental groups from Warsaw, Katowice and Cracow, in close collaboration with the Pavia group.• Laboratory in Cracow (12x5.5 m2) prepared for production.

P. Sala

Funding (w/o institutes budgets)

Year NATO TARI PL-I grants

exchange (euros) (man-days in

LNGS)

2001 70002002 4700 90 802003 210 802004 280 402005 150 40

Year SPUB Research (Icarus) grants1996 10 1997 10 1998 30 1999 65 2000 55 2001 85 2002 260 2003 181 2004 2 134 210 2005 127

-------- 1033

PL funding (KBN)(in thousands of PL zl)

From foreign sources

Participation in SK/K2K has been possible thanks to constant support

by University of Calif., Irvine SPUB: special projects and equipment

TARI: Transnational Access to major Research Infrastructure EUPL-I: PL- Italian bilateral agreements

Plans for future

T2K (T2K-LAr)

GLACIER

T2K (Tokai to Kamioka)

Dec.2002 : LOI submitted to J-PARC office signed by45 physicists from Japan, 110 physicists from:Canada, China, France, Italy, Korea, Poland, Russia, Spain,Switzerland, UK and USA

K. Nishikawa, Venice 2003

beam of <1GeV

0.75 MW 50 (40) GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

→ → xx disappearance

→ → ee appearance NC measurement

CP violation proton decay

T2K detectors

100 ton LAr TPC:(together with other European groupsand coordinated byA. Rubbia) LOI is now

preparedwith PLparticipation

SK

For precision measurement of:• cross sections• beam contamination

T2K Schedule

Possible future upgrade:– 4MW Super-J-PARC + Hyper-K (1Mt)– CP violation in lepton

sector– Proton Decay

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

SK full rebuild

T2K construction physics run K2K

2009

PS commisionning

132 2sin

Sensitivity to

down to 0.006

R&D for the future giant LiAr detector for neutrino physics and searches of proton decays (coordinated by A.Rubbia from ETH Zurich).

GLACIER

A possible location of an underground laboratory: a salt rock of the Sieroszowice copper mine (details from A. Zalewska).

Two-phase (liquid and gas) Ar detector

Measurements by J.W.Mietelski, E.Tomankiewicz and S.Grabowska (IFJ) and J.Kisiel, J.Dorda (US):

(2.1 0.3) Bq/kg for 40K

(0.36 0.06) Bq/kg for nuclides from the U chain

(0.11 0.02) Bq/kg for nuclides from the Th chain

Very low radioactivity:

Summary

With the discovery of oscillations the interest in neutrino physics has grown considerably:

We have the expertise from the most successful experiments - now we are mostly involved in the

most unique technique for precision measurements (Icarus)

The groups (experimental and theoretical) collaborate very closely - with regular meetings/workshops in Katowice, Kraków, Warszawa or Wrocław. This is very helpful in sharing our expertise in various fields.

We hope to have the resources to participate significantly in the most important neutrino experiments.

We have also dreams for an underground laboratory in PL

9 institutions, 39 physicists (18 senior & 21 junior)