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Spatio-Temporal Scales Naturally Occurring Lesions PET fMRI Multi-Unit Recording Optical Imaging TMS MEG & ERP Patch Clamp Light Microscopy Single Unit Brain Map Column Layer Neuron Dendrite Synapse Log Time (sec) Log Size (mm) MillisecondSecondMinuteHourDay Induced Lesions
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Neuroscience IDP Graduate Neuroscience IDP Graduate Students Visit to CCB/LONI:Students Visit to CCB/LONI:
Introduction to Human Brain Introduction to Human Brain Mapping Mapping
Jack Van HornJack Van Horn
PhrenologyPhrenology
From the work of Franz Josef Gall (1758-1828)
Spatio-Temporal ScalesSpatio-Temporal ScalesNaturallyOccurringLesions
PETfMRI
Multi-UnitRecording
Optical Imaging
TMS
MEG & ERP
Patch Clamp
Light Microscopy
Single Unit
Brain
Map
Column
Layer
Neuron
Dendrite
Synapse
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Log Time (sec)
Log
Size
(mm
)
Millisecond Second Minute Hour Day
Induced Lesions
Mapping Brain FunctionMapping Brain Function
Assigning quantitative values associated with functionally-related change to spatiallocations in the brain.
Blood Oxygenation Level Dependence (BOLD)
Arteries Veins
CapillaryBed
NeuronsOxygen Rich Hemoglobin (HbO2) De-oxygenated Hemoglobin
More oxygenated HbO2: Less MR signal More deoxygenated HbO2: More MR signal
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
100ms
500ms
1500ms
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
100ms
500ms
1500ms
Calcarine Sulci
Fusiform Gyri
fMRI Hemodynamic Response
1500ms500ms100ms
The Localizing of FunctionThe Localizing of Function
Known Reference Spatial Transformation Analysis, Display, &Interpretation
3-Planar Views of Activity3-Planar Views of Activity
Mapping Activity on the SurfaceMapping Activity on the Surface
Example: Retinotopic MappingExample: Retinotopic Mapping
from Dougherty et al., Journal of Vision (3),10, 586-598
Movement > Rest
Rest > Movement
(TFPlacebo – CFPlacebo)>(TFAlcohol – CFAlcohol)
Plac > Alc
TF > CF
Lobule VI (Med) Lobule VI (Lat)
Lobule IV
DentateCrus I
Dentate
Dentate
Lobule VIIIA
Lobule V
E/GF/G
CRI/CRII
Lobule VICRI/CRII
a.
b.
c.
d.e.
Dentate
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
1 2
CF TF
CRI/CRII
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
1 2
CF TF
f.
g.
PlaceboAlcohol
Frontal
Left Right
(TFPlacebo-CFPlacebo) > (TFAlcohol-CFAlcohol)
LeftRight
Parietal
Left
Placebo
Alcohol
R. GFm: 46, 2, 33
-0.0015
-0.0010
-0.0005
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
0.0015
0.0020
0.0025
0.0030
0.0035
1 2
CF TF
L. GFs: -20, 57, -6
-0.0040
-0.0030
-0.0020
-0.0010
0.0000
0.0010
0.0020
0.0030
0.0040
1 2
CF TF
L. PCu: -18, -68, 32
-0.0020
-0.0015
-0.0010
-0.0005
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
0.0015
0.0020
0.0025
0.0030
1 2
CF TF
R. PCu: 18, -70, 39
-0.0020
-0.0015
-0.0010
-0.0005
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
0.0015
0.0020
0.0025
0.0030
1 2
CF TF
Right
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and White Matter Tractographyand White Matter Tractography
Brain Mapping SummaryBrain Mapping Summary Mapping and visualization Mapping and visualization
of the brain of the brain in vivoin vivo is one is one of the most interesting, of the most interesting, profound, beautiful, & profound, beautiful, & funfun aspects of neuroscienceaspects of neuroscience
Rigorous characterization Rigorous characterization of brain anatomy and of brain anatomy and function is the function is the essenceessence of of brain science at LONIbrain science at LONI