Neuropath Lectures 1

7/28/2019 Neuropath Lectures 1

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NEUROPATHOLOGY

1. Neuronal Reactions

2. Infections

3. Vascular disease

4. Hydrocephalus

5. Intracranial Pressure6. Degenerative diseases

7. CNS tumors


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Neuron reactions to injury

Chromatolysis (cut / damage to axon)

Red Neurons (due to hypoxia / 12 hours)

Atrophy & Degeneration neurons Necrosis (liquafaction & Gliosis)

Intraneuronal deposits

(Levy, Cowdry and Negri bodies)


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Infections

Bacterial Meningitis

MeningoEncephalitis (Bacterial)

Encephalitis (viral) Poliomyelitis (viral)


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Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial cause

Lymphocytes infiltrate/neutrophils

Fever, stiffness and unconscious

Meningo encephalitis --- when

Invasion into vascular and cortical neurons


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Encephalitis

Neuronophagia

Neuronolysis

Perivascular Cuffing

Cowdry bodies(oligodendroglia)


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Poliomyelitis

Via faeco-oral

Receptor virus on Motor neurons cells

(AHC and other motor neurons cortex)

Microscopic features:

Neuronophagia Neuronolysis

Perivascular cuffing


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Strokes / Vascular Disease

HS

Haemorrhagic stroke

due to

Hypertension

Atherosclerosis

Leakage of bloodvessel

NHS

Non Haemorrhagic

Stroke

due to

Occlusion of blood

vessel Thrombus / Emboli


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Hydrocephalus

Normal CFS flow

Causes of Hydrocephalus


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CSF - flow

From blood (Blood vessel of choroid plexus)

(Located at Lateral ventricles I + II and IV)

The flow is follows :

Lateral ventricles (I+II) -> for. Monroi ->

3rd Ventricle -> Aquaduct Sylvii 4th Ventricle ->

for Magendi and for Luscka->transvers sinus -> sigmoidsinus ->jugular vein ->

superior cava vein atrium (heart / blood)


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Causes of Hydrocephalus

Over production of CSF

Obstruction of CSF flow

Decrease of absorption of CSF


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Types of Hydrocephalus

Communicans Hydrocephalus

Non Comminicans Hydrocephalus


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Increase of Intracranial Pressure

Brain haemorrhage (HS)

Infarct / Brain oedema & NHS

Trauma / Injury ( Blunt injury ) Tumor / Neoplasm

Hydrocephalus

Cause -> Herniation (Locus Minoris res)


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Degenerative Diseases

Parkinson Disease

Alzheimers Disease

Further details please see: WWW-

Medlib.med.utah.edu/Webpath/Tutorial/CNS/CNSDG.


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Parkinson Disease

Clinic :

Rigidity , spasm and mask face

Dopaminergic neurons

Loss of pigmented cells (midbrain)

Levy bodies


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Alzheimers Disease(AD)

Loss of memory

Early onset of Dementia (30s,40s)

Microscopic :

Neuronal loss of Cerebral cortex

Neurites plaques (amyloid core)

Neurofibrilary tangles

Granular vauole degeneration

Hirano bodies


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Neoplasms in CNS

Astrocytoma / Glioblastoma multiforme

Oligodendroglioma

Ependymoma Acustic Neuroma

Medulloblastoma

Meningioma


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Neuropath Lectures 1