Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Chapter #4

OverviewThe nervous systemCommunication in the nervous systemMapping the brainA tour through the brainThe two hemispheres of the brainTwo stubborn issues in brain research

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Objectives

1. Explain the functions and components of the Central Nervous system

2. Compare and Contrast the Peripheral Nervous system and the CNS; including Sensory and Motor neurons

3. Create a Flow chart of the nervous system=ACADEMIC SKILL ALERT

Nervous System: A Basic Blueprint

• Neuropsychology- or Neuroanatomy-study the brain and the rest of the nervous system in hopes of gaining a better understanding of consciousness, perception, memory, emotion, stress, mental disorders and self identity

• Cells, parts and functions of Neurons

Neuropsychology

Central Nervous System= 2 parts

• Brain and spinal cord• Spinal cord- Extension of the brain• Runs from the base of the brain down the

center of the back• Protected by a column of bones, spinal

column• Bridge between the brain and the parts of the

body below the neck

The central nervous systemBrainSpinal cordA collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back

Protected by spinal column

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Central N.S.

CSN= cont…

• Spinal reflexes- automatic behaviors, no conscious effort

• For example touch hot iron, move your hand without thinking

• React to Dr. hitting knee

Spinal Reflexes

Spinal reflexes cont…

• Neural circuits linked to neural pathways that run up and down the spinal cord= 2 and from the brain, As a result reflexes effected by thoughts and emotions

• For example erection in men• However you can control your knee from

jerking when it is tapped; and most men can learn to voluntarily delay ejaculation (another spinal reflex)

Peripheral nervous system- second part

• Handles CNS input and output• Nerves on outside brain and spinal cord• fingers, toes, receiver on radio• Sensory nerves- Carry messages from skin,

muscles, to spinal cord then brain• Motor Nerves- Carry orders from CNS to muscles,

glands, internal organs. Allow us to move, secrete substances like chemical messengers-Hormones.

Hormones

Organization of the nervous system

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Peripheral Nervous system: two parts

• Somatic-bodily• Autonomic- (self-governing)• Somatic Nervous system, Skeletal nervous

system.• Connected to sensory receptors and to the

skeletal muscles, permit voluntary actions• F.E. bug on arm, write name, turn on lights=

somatic system active

Compare and Contrast

Autonomic Nervous System

• Autonomic- (self-governing)• Regulates blood vessels• Internal, bladder, stomach, heart• See hot –guy/girl hands sweat, heart pounds• Automatically, without your control• Autonomic in 2 parts as well

Work together in opposing ways

• Sympathetic nervous system- like accelerator in car. Output, energy. Blush, sweat, pushes up HR/ BP

• Parasympathetic- More like a brake, conserve and store energy. Slows HR down

Compare and Contrast

Summary

• Main components of CNS• Peripheral nervous system