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Neurofeedback Training
Michael Dahl
CS 575
Introduction
• Goal: Learning to self-regulate one’s own brain
• It is technology’s answer to psychotherapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and poor cerebral functioning– Mental Health Professionals
– Educators
– Occupational Therapists
– Rehabilitation Counselors
– Doctors
Biofeedback• Attaching sensors to the body for purpose of
acquiring biological signals such as:– Heart rate
– Muscle tension
– Body temperature
– …
• Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback– Brains electrical activity
Inside the Brain
• Neurons
Detecting activity inside the Brain
• When many neurons fire at the same time, they may produce electrical activity detectable to an electrode placed on the head.
• Electroencephalograph (EEG) - Graphical representation of neuronal activities in the brain.
Early History• 1875: Richard Canton – First person to record electrical
activity from the brain. He discovered fluctuation in the brain’s electrical activity follow mental activity
• 1920’s: Hans Berger – First to measure EEG on human scalp. Discovered several types of brainwaves
Berger’s EEG recording apparatus Berger’s electrode cap
Brain wave types
Performance and Arousal
More History
• 1963: Joseph Kamiya – trained patient to recognize alpha state through verbal reinforcement
• 1968: Barry Sterman – Trained cats to increase SMR
Modern Developments
• 1970’s – 1980’s: QEEG
• 1980’s – 1990’s: Use of computer graphics and sound for neurofeedback training
Brain regions• Each region of the brain is associated with
specific fundamental operations
International 10-20 System of Electrode Placement
Example locations:
Equipment for neurofeedback
• Desktop PC (preferably double monitor)
• Brain amp
• Electrodes and paste
Equipment for neurofeedback
• Software– Program for data acquisition, processing
and display (i.e. BioExplorer)
- Video games, movie player, ….
Snapshot of data at site czNormative ADHD
OCD / Anxiety Disorders PTSD
QEEG
• Developed in 1970’s / 1980’s
• 19 sensors on scalp
• Broad picture of the brain in action
• Can compare results to normative database– Often used to access progress of neuorofeedback
training
QEEG comparison
EEG SignaturesEEG Signatures for ADD EEG Signatures for Anxiety Disorders
Two branches of treatment
• Normalizing the EEG
• Personal growth and mental flexibility (peek performance)
Video
• Chris Kaman’s Story– NBA basketball player for the Clippers
– http://www.youtube.com/neurocoretv#p/a/u/1/PWndvoCjrxY
Near Future
• Virtual Reality– Enhance neurofeedback in a couple ways
• The total immersion and totality of the feedback allows the patient to focus completely on his physiology without distraction
• More engaging and motivating for the client
Some Predictions for the Future
• At some point, every home will have one. We will all hook up to a machine with electrodes. It will be as common as physical exercise.
• Someday people may even wear tiny computers to monitor their EEG and tell them when they need to make adjustments.
Conclusion
• Field of neurofeedback is still in its infancy– Research in thin
– Clinical outcome studies are overwhelming
• Research needs to be funded to gain support of insurance companies, schools, and doctors