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Neuro Anatomical Study of All Acupoints
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Table 2 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Shou Tai Yin Fei Jing (The Lung Channel of Hand Greater Yin).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopicorganization in theprimary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
ZhongfuLU1
On the superior aspect of theclavicular head of pectoralis majormuscle near the intersection withthe anterior deltoid and cephalicvein (though angled away). Notdeep enough to reach pectoralisminor lying deep to the point.Muscle fibers run at a 45 degreeangle to the needle angle.
Deep insertion:Clavicular head ofpectoralis majormuscle
Somatomotor: C5,6 toclavicular head ofpectoralis major vialateral pectoral nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T1,2 via anterior andlateral cutaneous nervesof the ventral rami
Inferior andslightlylaterallytowards theaxilla
Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YunmenLU2
In the space between the anteriordeltoid muscle and clavicular headof pectoralis major muscle (thedeltopectoral triangle). Theindicated transverse-obliqueinsertion would either penetratethe deltoid or pectoralis majormuscle depending on direction ofthe needle.
Deep insertion:Clavicular head ofpectoralis majormuscle or anteriordeltoid
Somatomotor: C5,6 toclavicular head ofpectoralis major vialateral pectoral nerveand via axillary nervefor the anteriordeltoid
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T1 via anterior andlateral cutaneous nervesof the ventral rami
Inferior-mediallyapproximatelyat a 45 degreeangle towardsthe sternum
Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianfuLU3
Lateral to the boarder of the longhead of biceps brachii muscle.Medial to the cephalic vein andsuperficial to themusculocutaneous nerve.
Deep insertion:Lateral boarder of thelong head of bicepsbrachii
Somatomotor: C5,6via themusculocutaneousnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C5 via the superiorlateral cutaneous nerveof the arm and inferiorlateral cutaneous nervesof the arm
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
XiabaiLU4
Lateral to the boarder of the longhead of biceps brachii muscle.Just medial to the lateralantebrachial cutaneous nerve andmedial to the radial collateralartery.
Deep insertion:Lateral boarder of thelong head of bicepsbrachiiEpimysiumProximal end ofbrachialis muscle
Somatomotor: C5,6via themusculocutaneousnerve for bothmuscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C5 via the superiorbranches of the inferiorlateral cutaneous nervesof the arm
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ChizeLU5
Medial to the radial recurrentartery and medial to the lateralantebrachial cutaneous nerve.
Deep insertion:Medial aspect ofbrachioradialis muscleEpimysiumLateral aspect of the
Somatomotor: C5,6,7via the radial nervefor both muscles (onlyC5,7 for brachialis)
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C5 via the superiorbranches of the inferiorlateral cutaneous nerves
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of the
distal end of brachialismuscle
of the arm postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
KongzuiLU6
Medial to the radial artery andsuperficial branch of the radialnerve.
Intermediate insertion:Brachioradialis muscleEpimysiumPronator teres muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumRadial head of flexordigitorum superficialismuscleEpimysiumFlexor pollicis longusmuscle
Somatomotor:C5,6,7 via the radialnerve for brachialismuscle. C6,7 via themedian nerve forpronator teres muscleC7,8 and T1 viamedian nerve forflexor digitorumsuperficialis muscleC8 and T1 via theinterosseous nervefrom the mediannerve for flexorpollicis longus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C5,6 via anterior branchof the lateral cutaneousnerve of the forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
LiequeLU7
Texts agree that the point is byabductor pollicis longus tendon.Some texts say the tendon ofbrachioradialis is the medialboarder of the point. The WHOsays the lateral boarder of thepoint is extensor pollicis brevistendon. A transverse insertionsuperiorly or inferiorly would notpenetrate beyond thesubcutaneous tissue. Owing to theinsertion depth of this point andthat the discrepancy between thetwo point locations is amelioratedby rotation between fullsupination and partial pronation,both locations can be useddepending on patient positioning.The pronator quadratus muscleattaches to the anterior ratherthan lateral aspect of the radiusand does not cross this point. Thispoint lies over the superficialbranch of the radial nervedsometechniques may call for contactwith this nerve.
Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6 via the proximalportion of the superficialbranch of the radialnerve and the distalbraches of the anteriorand posterior lateralcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Sensory: 1/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 2 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation adermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopicorganization in theprimary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
JingquLU8
It is important to note that thispoint is located medial andproximal to the base of theanterolateral aspect of the styloidprocess of the radius. This pointlies lateral to the superficialpalmar branch of the radial artery.
Deep perpendicularinsertion:Distal attachments ofpronator quadratusDeep proximal obliqueinsertion:Periosteum of thestyloid process of theradius
Somatomotor: C8,T1from the interosseousnerve of the mediannerve
To epidermis, dermisand subcutaneous tiss :C6 at the intersection fthe superficial branchthe radial nerve, thedistal braches of theanterior and posteriolateral cutaneous nerof the forearm and thproximal portion of tpalmar cutaneousbranches of the medinerve
Vertical Motor: 1/4 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TaiyuanLU9
This point lies lateral to thesuperficial palmar branch of theradial artery.
Deep insertion lateralto the radial artery:Radial collateralligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermisand subcutaneous tiss :C6 at the intersection fthe proximal portionthe superficial branchthe radial nerve andproximal portion of tpalmar cutaneousbranches of the medinerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YujiLU10
This point lies over the lateralbranch of the superficial branch ofthe radial artery.
Deep insertion:Abductor pollicis brevismuscleEpimysiumOpponens pollicismuscle
Somatomotor:Recurrent branch ofthe median nerve C8,T1
To epidermis, dermisand subcutaneous tiss :C6 via the superficialbranch of the radialnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorlytoward themidline
Motor: 1/4 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShaoshangLU11
This point lies over the dorsaldigital branch of the superficialbranch of the radial nerve.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermisand subcutaneous tiss :C6 via the lateral braof the median nerve
At a 45 degreeanglemedioinferior
Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather, they represent the a with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
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Table 3 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Shou Yang Ming Da Chang Jing (The Large Intestine Channel of Hand Yang Brightness).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
ShangyangLI1
This point lies over thedorsal digital branch of thesuperficial branch of theradial nerve.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7 via thelateral branch of themedian nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ErjianLI2
This point is where the shaftof the 2nd proximal phalanxmeets the base. It lies overthe dorsal digital artery andnerve.
Deep insertiontowards the palm:Extensor hoodInsertion of 1stlumbrical muscleInsertion of 1st dorsalinterosseous muscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via mediannerve for thelumbrical muscle andthe deep branch ofulnar nerve for dorsalinterosseous muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7 viasuperficial branch ofthe radial nerve withsome overlap with thelateral branch of themedian nerve
Horizontal Motor: 1/2 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
SanjianLI3
This point lies just anteriorto the metacarpal bonewhere the shaft meets thehead. This location andhand positioning isimportant because itprovides access to thelumbrical muscles beyondthe 2nd digit and positionsthe needle palmar to thedorsal digital artery andnerve. It is deep to theflexor tendons and adductorpollicis muscle.
Intermediateinsertion:1st dorsal interosseousmuscleEpimysium1st lumbrical muscleDeep insertion:2nd lumbrical muscleEpimysium3rd lumbrical muscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via the deepbranch of the ulnarnerve for 3rd
lumbrical and mediannerve for lumbricals 1and 2
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7 viasuperficial branch ofthe radial nerve
Running at a 45degree angle to theulnar side towardsthe 5th distal phalanx
Motor: 1/4 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
HeguLI4
Huai-Rui et al examines thispoint in relation to thebranches of the ulnar nerve[26]. It lies between thedorsal metacarpal arteriesof the 1st and 2nd digits.
Deep insertion:1st dorsal interosseimuscleEpimysiumAdductor pollicismuscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via mediannerve for thelumbrical muscle andvia the deep branchof the ulnar nerve foradductor pollicismuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6,7 viasuperficial branch ofthe radial nerve
Running at a 45degree angle to theulnar side towardsthe 5th distal phalanx
Motor: 1/4 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YangxiLI5
Note the radial arterypasses through theanatomical snuffbox. Thispoint is distal to the
Deep insertion:Fibrous capsule of themidcarpal jointbetween the scaphoid
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via thesuperficial branch of
Vertical Sensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 3 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
scaphoid bone at the mid-carpal joint between thescaphoid bone and thetrapezium.
and trapezium bones the radial nerve
PianliLI6
The distal boundary of thispoint is where the muscle ofabductor pollicis longus(and extensor pollicisbrevis) crosses the musclesof extensor carpi radialisbrevis and longus. The pointis between extensor carpiradialis longus and brevis.This point lies lateral to theradial artery and superficialbranch of the radial nerve.
Deep insertion distal:Abductor pollicislongusEpimysiumExtensor pollicisbrevisDeep insertionproximal:Extensor carpi radialislongus or brevis
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longus muscleand C7,8 via the deepbranch of the radialnerve for extensorcarpi radialis brevismuscle. C7,8 viaposterior interosseousnerve via the deepbranch of the radialnerve for theextensor pollicisbrevis and abductorpollicis longusmuscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via thelateral cutaneousnerve of the forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
WenliuLI7
This point is locatedbetween the extensor carpiradialis brevis and longusmuscles. This point lieslateral to the radial arteryand superficial branch ofthe radial nerve.
Deep insertion:Retinacula cutisInvesting fasciaEpimysiumExtensor carpi radialislongus or brevis
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longus, C7,8via the deep branchfor extensor carpiradialis brevis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via thelateral cutaneousnerve of the forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
XialianLI8
This point is locatedbetween the extensor carpiradialis brevis and longusmuscles. This point lieslateral to the superficialbranch of the radial nerve.
Deep insertion:Extensor carpi radialislongus muscleEpimysiumExtensor carpi radialisbrevis muscleEpimysiumSupinator muscle
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longus muscleand C7,8 via the deepbranch of the radialnerve for extensorcarpi radialis brevisand supinator muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the forearmvia the radial nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShanglianLI9
This point is locatedbetween the extensor carpiradialis brevis and longusmuscles. This point lieslateral to the superficialbranch of the radial nerve.
Deep insertion:Extensor carpi radialislongus muscleEpimysiumExtensor carpi radialisbrevis muscleEpimysiumSupinator muscle
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longus muscleand C7,8 via the deepbranch of the radialnerve for extensorcarpi radialis brevisand supinator muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the forearmvia the radial nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShousanliLI10
This point is locatedbetween the extensor carpiradialis brevis and longusmuscles. This point lieslateral to the superficialbranch of the radial nerve.
Deep insertion:Extensor carpi radialislongus muscleEpimysiumExtensor carpi radialisbrevis muscleEpimysiumSupinator muscle
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longus muscleand C7,8 via the deepbranch of the radialnerve for extensorcarpi radialis brevisand supinator muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the forearmvia the radial nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QuchiLI11
This point is locatedbetween the extensor carpiradialis longus muscle andthe brachioradialis muscle.This point lies lateral to thesuperficial branch of theradial nerve.
Deep insertion:BrachioradialisEpimysiumExtensor carpi radialislongus muscle
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longusmuscle. C5,6,7 viathe radial nerve forbrachioradialismuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the forearmvia the radial nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ZhouliaoLI12
This point is locatedbetween the extensor carpiradialis longus muscle andthe brachioradialis musclejust distal to their proximalattachments.
Deep insertion:BrachioradialismuscleEpimysiumExtensor carpi radialislongus muscle
Somatomotor: C6,7via radial nerve forextensor carpiradialis longusmuscle. C5,6,7 viathe radial nerve forbrachioradialismuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the forearmvia the radial nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShouwuliLI13
This point is located at thejunction of the brachialismuscle and the attachmentof the brachioradialismuscle.
Deep insertion:Brachialis muscleEpimysiumBrachioradialisattachment
Somatomotor: C5,6,7via the radial nervefor both muscles (onlyC5,7 for brachialis)
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 via theinferior lateralcutaneous nerve ofthe arm via the radialnerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 3 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
BinaoLI14
In addition to finding thispoint in the depressionbetween the attachment ofthe deltoid and thebrachialis muscles, it canalso be found nested on thesuperior medial side of thedeltoid tuberosity. Theoblique insertion can eitherangle the needle towardsboth muscles or just thedeltoid muscle alone. Thispoint is lateral to thecephalic vein.
Deep insertion:Deltoid muscle (distalattaching fibers)EpimysiumBrachialis muscle(distal attachingfibers)
Somatomotor: C5,7via the radial nervefor brachialis muscle.C5,6 via the axillarynerve for the deltoidmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 from boththe superior fibers ofthe inferior lateralcutaneous nerve ofthe arm via the radialnerve and inferiorfibers from thesuperior lateralcutaneous nerve ofthe arm from theaxillary nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
JianyuLI15
Located superficiallybetween the clavicular andacromial heads of thedeltoid muscle. Atintermediate depth thispoint slides just superiorand lateral to the shorthead of biceps brachii andcoracobrachialis muscles. Atits deepest point, theneedle makes contact withthe supraspinatus tendon.This point is between thedeltoid and acromial branchof the thoracoacromialartery.
Deep insertion:Deltoid muscleEpimysiumSupraspinatus tendonDeep transverseoblique insertionproximally:Deltoid muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6 via the axillarynerve for the deltoidmuscle. C4,5,6 viathe suprascapularnerve forsupraspinatus
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C5,6 via thesuperior lateralcutaneous nerve ofthe arm from theaxillary nerve
In an anterior-posterior direction
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
JuguLI16
Posterior to the acromialbranch of thethoracoacromial artery.
Deep insertion:Supraspinatus muscle
Somatomotor:C4,5,6 via thesuprascapular nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C4,5 viasupraclavicular nerveand the superiorlateral cutaneousnerve of the arm fromthe axillary nerve
In an anterior-posterior direction
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TiandingLI17
1 cun below the emergenceof the major cutaneousnerves of the neck, over theanterior scalene muscle.
Deep insertion:Platysma muscleSuperficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaAdipose tissuePrevertebral layer ofdeep cervical fasciaEpimysiumAnterior scalene
Somatomotor:C4-6 via ventralramus for anteriorscalene muscle.Cervical branch of thefacial nerve CN7 forthe platysma muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C4 viasupraclavicular nerve
45 degree anglerior and medial
Motor: 1/2 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
FutuLI18
Superior to the emergenceof the major cutaneousnerves of the neck.
Deep insertion:Platysma muscleSuperficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaEpimysiumSternocleidomastoidmuscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11. Cervicalbranch of the facialnerve CN7 for theplatysma muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C4 viatransverse cervicalnerveSensory innervationof epimysium andmuscles followssomatomotorinnervation. C2,3 forsternocleidomastoidmuscle
45 degree anglerior and medial
Motor: 1/2 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
KouheliaoLI19
None Deep insertion:Orbicularis orismuscle
Somatomotor: Buccalbranch of the facialnerve CN7
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: via the infra-orbital branch of themaxillary division ofthe trigeminal nerveCNV
izontal Motor: 3/4 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YangxiangLI20
The indicated angle ofneedling follows the levatorlabii superioris alaeque nasiimuscle over the branches ofthe infraorbital nerve andmedial to the facial vein andartery.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: via the infra-orbital branch of themaxillary division ofthe trigeminal nerveCNV
egree angleral and inferior
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent rea with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
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Table 4 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Zu Yang Ming Wei Jing (The Stomach Channel of Foot Yang Brightness).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
ChengqiST1
Lateral to thefacial vein andartery.
Deep insertion:Inferior tarsusInferior palpebralconjunctivaAdipose tissueEpimysiumInferior oblique muscle
Somatomotor:Oculomotor nerve CN3
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the infraorbitalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
45 degreeinferior andlateral
Motor: 3/4 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
SibaiST2
Lateral to thefacial vein andartery, over theinfraorbital artery.
Deep insertion:Infraorbital nerve
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the infraorbitalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
45 degreeinferior andlateral
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
JuliaoST3
Between levatorlabii superioralaeque nasimuscle andzygomaticus minormuscle justsuperior to theirinsertions. Justsuperior andlateral to thefacial artery andvein.
Deep insertion:Lateral side of levatorlabii superioris muscle
Somatomotor:Buccal branch of themandibular division ofthe facial nerve CN7
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the infraorbitalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
Vertical Motor: 3/4 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
DicangST4
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:at the intersection of theinfraorbital branch ofthe maxillary division ofthe trigeminal nerveCN5, and the mental andbuccal branches of themandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerve CN5
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
DayingST5
Oblique insertionavoids the facialartery and veinand if directed
Deep insertion:Platysma muscle
Somatomotor:Cervical branch of thefacial nerve CN7
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the buccal branch ofthe mandibular division
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance of
posteriorly it couldcontact theinserting anteriorfibers of themasseter muscle.
of the trigeminal nerveCN5 and C2 via the greatauricular nerve
the postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
JiacheST6
Just anterior tothe parotid glandand posterior tothe facial arteryand vein. Betweenthe buccal andmarginalmandibularbranches of CN5inferior to theparotid duct.
Deep insertion:Masseter muscle
Somatomotor:Anterior trunk of themandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the buccal branch ofthe mandibular divisionof the trigeminal nerveCN5 and C2 via the greatauricular nerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 9/10 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
XiaguanST7
Over the parotidgland between thezygomatic andtemporal branchesof CN5 superior tothe parotid duct.
Intermediate insertion:Deep layer of themasseter muscleEpimysiumPosterior part of thedistal temporalis muscleDeep insertion slightlyinferiorly:EpimysiumLateral pterygoidmuscle [7]
Somatomotor:Anterior trunk of themandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerve CN5for all muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the buccal branchedof the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 9/10 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
TouweiST8
On the inferiortemporal linewhere the frontaland parietal bonesmeet (the coronalsuture).
Shallow insertion:EpidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissueLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:at the junction of allthree branches of thetrigeminal nerve CNV
Vertical Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
RenyingST9
Medial to thecarotid artery andlateral to theanterior jugularvein.
Intermediate insertion:Platysma muscleSuperficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaEpimysiumOmohyoid muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumThyrohyoid muscle
Somatomotor:C1-3 via a branch of theansa cervicalis foromohyoid muscle and C1via the hypoglossal nerveCN12 for thyrohyoidmuscle. Cervical branchof the facial nerve CN7for the platysma muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C3 via the transversecervical nerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 19/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 4 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
ShuituST10
Lateral to theanterior jugularvein.
Intermediate insertion:Platysma muscleSuperficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaEpimysiumSternohyoid muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSternothyroid muscle
Somatomotor:C1-3 via a branch of theansa cervicalis forsternohyoid muscle andC2,3 via a branch of ansacervicalis forsternothyroid muscle.Cervical branch of thefacial nerve CN7 for theplatysma muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C3 via the transversecervical nerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor:19/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
QisheST11
Inferior to theanterior jugularvein.
Deep insertion:Platysma muscleSuperficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaEpimysiumSternohyoid muscle
Somatomotor:C1-3 via a branch of theansa cervicalis. Cervicalbranch of the facialnerve CN7 for theplatysma muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C3/4 via the transversecervical nerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 19/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
QuepenST12
Anterior to thetrapezius muscleand over thebrachial plexus.
Deep insertion:Superficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaEpimysiumDistal end of omohyoidmuscle
Somatomotor:C1-3 via a branch of theansa cervicalis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C4 via thesupraclavicular nerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 19/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
QihuST13
None Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8,T1 from the lateraland medial pectoralnerves for pectoralismajor
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T1 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
KufangST14
None Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8,T1 from the lateraland medial pectoralnerves for pectoralismajor
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T1 via the anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
WuyiST15
None Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8,T1 from the lateraland medial pectoral
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T2 via the anterior
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
nerves for pectoralismajor
cutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Sensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
YingchuangST16
None Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8,T1 from the lateraland medial pectoralnerves for pectoralismajor
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T3 via the anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
RuzhongST17
No needling ormoxibustion.
None None None None None
RugenST18
None Deep insertion:External intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nerve fromT5 for the externalintercostal muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T5 via the anterior andlateral cutaneous nervesof the ventral ramus
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
BurongST19
None Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T7 via the anterior andlateral cutaneous nervesof the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ChengmanST20
Lateral to thesuperior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T7 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
LiangmenST21
Lateral to thesuperior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T7,8 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
GuanmenST22
Lateral to thesuperior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T8 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
TaiyiST23
Lateral to thesuperior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T78,9 via anterior
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 4 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
cutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Sensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
HuaroumenST24
Lateral to thesuperior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Retinacula cutisRectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T9 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
TianshuST25
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T10 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
WailingST26
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T10 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
DajuST27
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T11 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ShuidaoST28
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T11 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
GuilaiST29
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T12 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
QichongST30
Medial andsuperior to thesuperficial ring,which is superiorand slightly lateralto the pubictubercle.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheath andexternal obliqueaponeurosis and themedial crusConjoint tendon
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T12 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
BiguanST31
Lateral to thefemoral vesselsand nerve.
Deep insertion:Proximal rectus femorismuscleEpimysiumVastus intermediusmuscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L2 via the lateral andanterior cutaneousbranches of the femoralnerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/20 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: at the most superiorand medial aspect of thepostcentral gyrus adjacent tothe falx cerebri
FutuST32
At the junction ofvastus lateralisand rectus femorismuscles.
Deep insertion:Rectus femorisEpimysiumVastus lateralis muscleEpimysiumVastus intermediusmuscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3,4 via the lateral andanterior cutaneousbranches of the femoralnerve
45 degreeinferior andmedial
Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
YinshiST33
Where the vastuslateralis musclemeets the rectusfemoris tendon.
Deep insertion:Vastus lateralis muscleEpimysiumVastus intermediusmuscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4 via the lateral andanterior cutaneousbranches of the femoralnerve
Vertical Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
LiangqiuST34
Where the vastuslateralis musclemeets the rectusfemoris tendon.
Deep insertion:Vastus lateralis muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4 via the lateral andanterior cutaneousbranches of the femoralnerve
Vertical Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
DubiST35
Between theiliotibial tract justproximal to its
Intermediate insertion:Fibrous layerAdipose tissue of the
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4 via the infrapatellar
Horizontal Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falx
(continued on next page )
Table 4 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
distal attachment,and the patellarligament.
lateral alar foldDeep insertion:Synovial membraneJoint space
branch of the saphenousnerve
cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
ZusanliST36
Medial to the deepfibular nerve andanterior tibialartery.
Intermediate insertion:Tibialis anterior muscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the fibular nervefor tibialis anterior andvia the tibial nerve fortibialis posterior muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4,5 via the lateral suralcutaneous nerve andsaphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
ShangjuxuST37
Medial to the deepfibular nerve andanterior tibialartery.
Intermediate insertion:Tibialis anterior muscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the fibular nervefor tibialis anterior andvia the tibial nerve fortibialis posterior muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the lateral suralcutaneous nerve and thesuperficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
TiaokouST38
Medial to the deepfibular nerve andanterior tibialartery.
Intermediate insertion:Tibialis anterior muscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the fibular nervefor tibialis anterior andvia the tibial nerve fortibialis posterior muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
XiajuxuST39
Medial to the deepfibular nerve andanterior tibialartery.
Intermediate insertion:Tibialis anterior muscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membrane
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the fibular nervefor tibialis anterior andvia the tibial nerve for
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falx
EpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
tibialis posterior muscle cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
FenglongST40
Between thetibialis anteriorand extensordigitorum longusmuscles, lateral tothe anterior tibialartery and deepfibular nerve.
Intermediate insertion:Tibialis anterior muscleEpimysiumExtensor digitorumlongus muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumExtensor hallucis longusmuscleInterosseous membraneEpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the fibular nervefor tibialis anterior,extensor digitorumlongus, and extensorhallucis longus and viathe tibial nerve fortibialis posterior muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
JiexiST41
Superficial to theanterior tibialartery and deepfibular nerve.
Deep insertion:Extensor retinaculumFibrous layer of thetalocrural jointJoint space
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
Vertical Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
ChongyangST42
Over the arcuateartery.
Deep insertion:Lateral part of extensorhallucis brevis muscleDorsal tarsometatarsalligaments
Somatomotor:L5,S1 via the deep fibularnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
XianguST43
Over the dorsalmetatarsal artery.
Deep insertion:2nd dorsal interosseousmuscleEpimysium
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the lateralplantar nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falx
(continued on next page )
Table 4 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
1st plantar interosseousmuscle
cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
NeitingST44
Between wherethe shafts of the2nd and 3rd
proximalphalanges meetthe bases. Onlydeep insertionoblique proximalpasses through thedeep transversemetatarsalligament. Over thedorsal metatarsalartery.
Deep insertion:Adipose tissueDeep transversemetatarsal ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of thehomunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
LiduiST45
Over branches ofthe proper plantardigital arteries andnerves.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the superficialfibular nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 3/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 5 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Zu Tai Yin Pi Jing (The Spleen Channel of Foot Greater Yin).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specificationon location [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
YinbaiSP1
Over branches of theproper plantar digitalarteries and nerves.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 via thesuperficial fibularnerve
Horizontal Sensory: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
DaduSP2
Over branches of theproper plantar digitalartery and nerve.
Deep insertion obliqueinferior:Medial end of extensorexpansionTendon of abductorhallucis muscleCollateral ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 via thesuperficial fibularnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Sensory: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
TaibaiSP3
Between the tendon ofabductor hallucis muscleand the first metatarsalwhere the shaft meetsthe head. Over themedial plantar arteryand nerve.
Intermediate insertion:Medial head of flexorhallucis brevis muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLateral head of flexorhallucis brevis muscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the medialplantar nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 via thesuperficial fibularnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the precentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
GongsunSP4
Between abductorhallucis muscle and thefirst metatarsal wherethe shaft meets thebase. Over the medialplantar artery and nerve.
Intermediate insertion:Dorsal aspect of themuscular portion ofabductor hallucis muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumBelly of flexor hallucisbrevis muscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the medialplantar nerve for bothmuscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 viasaphenous nerve andsuperficial tibialnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the precentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ShangqiuSP5
Nestled between thetibialis posterior tendonposteriorly, the medialmalleolus superiorly, andthe tuberosity of thenavicular bone inferiorly.Between the posteriortibial vessels and thegreat saphenous vein.
Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 via themedial cruralcutaneous nerve ofthe saphenous nerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 3/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the precentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
SanyinjiaoSP6
Anterior to the posteriortibial vessels and
Deep insertion:Distal end of flexor
Somatomotor:S2,3 via tibial nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distanceof the vertical section of the
(continued on next page )
Table 5 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specificationon location [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
posterior to the greatsaphenous vein.
digitorum longus muscle for flexor digitorumlongus muscle
tissue: L4 via themedial cruralcutaneous nerve ofthe saphenous nerve
homunculus of the precentralgyrus adjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
LouguSP7
Between the soleusmuscle and the tibia. Adeep insertion tooposteriorly will piercethe posterior tibialneurovascular bundle.
Intermediate insertion:Transverse intermuscularseptumEpimysiumFlexor digitorum longusDeep insertion anteriorto the posterior tibialneurovascular bundle:EpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the tibialnerve for tibialisposterior muscle.S2,3 via tibial nervefor flexor digitorumlongus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 via themedial cruralcutaneous nerve ofthe saphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the precentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
DijiSP8
A deep insertion tooposteriorly will piercethe posterior tibialneurovascular bundle.
Intermediate insertion:Soleus muscleDeep insertion anteriorto the posterior tibialneurovascular bundle:Transverse intermuscularseptumEpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the tibialnerve for tibialisposterior muscle.S2,3 via tibial nervefor soleus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L4 via themedial cruralcutaneous nerve ofthe saphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the precentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
YinlingquanSP9
Anterior to the posteriortibial vessels and tibialnerve.
Intermediate insertion:Medial head ofgastrocnemius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumDistal end of popliteusmuscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 and S1 via thetibial nerve forpopliteus muscle.S1,2 via tibial nervefor gastrocnemiusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L3 via themedial cruralcutaneous nerve ofthe saphenous nerveand the infrapatellarbranch of thesaphenous nerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral
Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: ½ the distance of thevertical section of the homunculusof the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
XuehaiSP10
Superior to thesaphenous branch of thefemoral artery.
Deep insertion:Vastus medialis muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve for vastusmedialis muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L3 via anteriorcutaneous branch ofthe femoral nerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: At the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance of thevertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
JimenSP11
The WHO locates thispoint 10 cun proximal toXuehai SP10 andproximal to Sartoriusmuscle over adductorlongus muscle whileother texts locate thispoint 6 cun proximal toXuehai SP10 and distal toSartorius musclebetween vastus medialis,rectus femoris, andSartorius muscles.
Deep insertion:Vastus medialis muscleor adductor longusmuscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve for vastusmedialis muscle andvia the obturatornerve for adductorlongus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L3 via anteriorcutaneous branch ofthe femoral nerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/20 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
ChongmenSp12
In the femoral triangle,medial to the femoralnerve and lateral to thefemoral artery.
Deep insertion:Psoas major fibers ofiliopsoas muscle
Somatomotor:L1,2,3 via anteriorrami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: L1 via thefemoral branch of thegenitofemoral nerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/20 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
FusheSP13
In the femoral triangle,lateral to the femoralnerve.
Deep insertion:Iliacus fibers of iliopsoasmuscle
Somatomotor:L2,3 via the femoralnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T12 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
FujieSP14
None Deep insertion:Aponeurosis of externaloblique muscleAponeurosis of internaloblique muscleLinea semilunaris
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T10,11 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
DahengSP15
None Deep insertion:Aponeurosis of externaloblique muscleAponeurosis of internaloblique muscleLinea semilunaris
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T9,10 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
FuaiSP16
None Deep insertion:Aponeurosis of externaloblique muscle
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T8 via the
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 5 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specificationon location [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
Aponeurosis of internaloblique muscleLinea semilunaris
anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShidouSP17
Inferior to pectoralismajor muscle.
Deep insertion:External intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nervefrom T5 for theexternal intercostalmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T5 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
TianxiSP18
None Deep insertion:Lateral aspect ofpectoralis major muscleEpimysiumExternal intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nervefrom T4 for theexternal intercostalmuscle. C7,8,T1 fromthe lateral and medialpectoral nerves forpectoralis major
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T4 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
XiongxiangSP19
Pectoralis major is toothink at this point toreach the reach theexternal intercostalmuscles.
Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8,T1 from thelateral and medialpectoral nerves forpectoralis major
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T3 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ZhourongSP20
Pectoralis major is toothink at this point toreach the reach theexternal intercostalmuscles.
Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8,T1 from thelateral and medialpectoral nerves forpectoralis major
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T2 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
DabaoSP21
Anterior to the latissimusdorsi muscle.
Deep insertion:Serratus anterior muscleEpimysiumExternal intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nerve forthe externalintercostal muscle.C5,6,7 via the longthoracic nerve forserratus anteriormuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T7 via theanterior cutaneousnerve of the ventralramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 6 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Shou Shao Yin Xin Jing (The Heart Channel of Hand Lesser Yin).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
JiquanHT1
The target is the subscapularismuscle, avoiding the axillaryartery.
Deep insertion:Adipose tissueEpimysiumSubscapularis muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6,7 via theupper and lowersubscapular nerves
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T1,2 via theintercostobrachialnerve of the lateralcutaneous nerve ofthe intercostal nerve
Anterior-posterior line
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
QinglingHT2
Needling is contraindicated insome texts, though shallowneedling does not carry a riskof puncturing the brachialartery. Oblique distal needlinghas less of a risk than obliqueproximal needling.
Deep insertion:Medial boarder of bicepsbrachii muscleEpimysiumMedial boarder ofbrachialis muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6,7 viamusculocutaneousnerve for bothmuscles (5,6 forbrachialis)
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8,T1 viamedial cutaneousnerves of the arm andforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShaohaiHT 3
At the junction of pronatorteres muscle and the medialboarder of brachialis muscle. Aproximal oblique insertion willnot include the pronator teresmuscle. An insertion towardsquiche (LI11) will transversethe brachialis muscleperpendicular to the directionof its fibers. Medial to thebrachial artery and mediannerve.
Deep insertion:Lateral boarder of theproximal end of pronatorteres muscle.EpimysiumMedial boarder ofbrachialis muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6, viamusculocutaneousnerve forbrachialis muscle.C6,7 via themedian nerve forpronator teres
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8,T1 via ulnarbranch of the medialcutaneous nerve ofthe forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
LingdaoHT4
Since this point is at the levelof the base of the head of theulna, it is distal to theattachment of pronatorquadratus muscle, which is onthe shaft of the ulna up to thebase of the head of the ulna.The lateral part of flexordigitorum profundus muscle isdeep to this point. Over theulnar nerve and artery.
Deep insertion:Palmar carpal ligamentLoose connective tissueand adipose tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thepalmar cutaneousbranch of the ulnarnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferior-medially
Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 6 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
TongliHT5
Over the ulnar nerve andartery.
Deep insertion:Palmar carpal ligamentLoose connective tissueand adipose tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thepalmar cutaneousbranch of the ulnarnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferior-medially
Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YinxiHT6
Over the ulnar nerve andartery.
Deep insertion:Palmar carpal ligamentLoose connective tissueand adipose tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thepalmar cutaneousbranch of the ulnarnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferior-medially
Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShenmenHT7
Over the ulnar nerve andartery.
Deep insertion:Palmar carpal ligamentLoose connective tissueand adipose tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thepalmar cutaneousbranch of the ulnarnerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferior-medially
Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShaofuHT8
Located between the 4th and5th metacarpal bones wherethe shaft meets the head of thebones, just proximal to thetransverse fasciculi. Over thecommon palmar digital nerveand artery.
Shallow insertion:Thick epidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissueDeep insertion:Palmar aponeurosisEpimysium4th lumbrical muscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 of the deepbranch of theulnar nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thepalmar cutaneousnerve of the ulnarnerve
Vertical Motor: 1/3 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ShaochongHT9
Over the dorsal branch of thepalmar digital branch of theulnar nerve.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thesuperficial branch ofthe ulnar nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 7 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Shou Tai Yang Xiao Chang Jing (The Small Intestine Channel of Hand Greater Yang).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
ShaozeSI1
Over the dorsal branch ofthe palmar digital branch ofthe ulnar nerve.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via thesuperficial branch ofthe ulnar nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QianguSI2
This point is where the shaftof the 5th proximal phalanxmeets the base. Over thedorsal digital artery andnerve.
Deep insertiontowards the palm:Extensor hoodInsertion of abductordigiti minimi muscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via the deepbranch of the ulnarnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via dorsalbranch of the ulnarnerve
Horizontal Motor: 1/4 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
HouxiSI3
This point lies just anteriorto the metacarpal bonewhere the shaft meets thehead. This location andhand positioning isimportant because itprovides access to thelumbrical muscles beyondthe 5th digit. It is deep tothe abductor digiti minimimuscle, flexor digiti minimibrevis muscle, and flexortendons. Deep to thepalmar digital nerve andartery.
Intermediateinsertion:Distal end ofopponens digitiminimi muscleDeep insertion:Epimysium4th lumbrical muscleEpimysium3rd lumbrical muscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via the deepbranch of the ulnarnerve for all muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via dorsalbranch of the ulnarnerve
Vertical Motor: 1/4 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
WanguSI4
None Deep insertion:Posterior part of theproximal abductordigiti minimi
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via the deepbranch of the ulnarnerve for all muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via dorsalbranch of the ulnarnerve
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YangguSI5
This point contacts theulnar collateral ligamentunless the arm is pronated.In the pronated position theneedle contacts theulnocarpal ligaments.
Deep insertion:Extensor retinaculumUlnar collateralligament orulnocarpal ligaments
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via dorsalbranch of the ulnarnerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 7 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
YanglaoSI6
Between the groove on theradial side of the head ofthe ulna and the tendon ofextensor digiti minimi. Onlyfor the deep insertion in theoblique directionproximally, in anatomicalposition, will the needlepass through the distal-posterior-medial part of thepronator quadratus.
Deep insertion:Extensor retinaculumDeep obliqueproximal insertion:Extensor retinaculumLoose connectivetissueInterosseousmembraneEpimysiumPronator quadratusmuscle
Somatomotor: C8,T1via the anteriorinterosseous nervefrom the mediannerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7,8 viaproximal fibers of thedorsal cutaneousbranch of the ulnarnerve, and distalfibers of the medialcutaneous nerve ofthe forearm
45 degree anglelateral andinferior
Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ZhizhengSI7
None Deep insertion:Flexor carpi ulnarismuscleEpimysiumMedial part of flexordigitorum profundusmuscle
Somatomotor: C7,8via the ulnar nervefor both muscles (C8,T1 for the medial partof flexor digitorumprofundus muscle)
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via medialcutaneous nerve ofthe forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
XiaohaiSI8
Only the oblique insertionsproximal and distal makecontact with the ulnarcollateral ligament. Overthe ulnar nerve and superiorulnar collateral artery.
Deep insertion:Ulnar collateralligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8 via medialcutaneous nerve ofthe forearm
Vertical Sensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
JianzhenSI9
Located at the meetingpoint of the musclesposterior deltoid, teresmajor, teres minor, and thelong head of triceps brachii.The posterior deltoid andteres minor muscles formthe superior boarder, thelong head of triceps brachiimuscle forms the lateralboarder, and teres majormuscle forms the inferiorboarder.
Deep insertion:Posterior deltoidmuscleEpimysiumTeres minor muscleEpimysiumLong head of thetriceps brachii muscleEpimysiumTeres major muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6 via the axillarynerve for the deltoidand teres minormuscles, and via thelower subscapularnerve for teres majormuscle. C6,7,8, viathe radial nerve fortriceps brachii muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7,8 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the arm
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
NaoshuSI10
None Deep insertion:Posterior deltoidmuscleEpimysiumSuperior part ofinfraspinatus muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6 via the axillarynerve for the deltoidmuscle and via thesuprascapular nervefor infraspinatusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6,7 via theposterior cutaneousnerve of the arm andsuperior lateralcutaneous nerve ofthe arm
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianzongSI11
Medial to the subtrapezialplexus.
Deep insertion:Infraspinatus muscle
Somatomotor:C5,6 via thesuprascapular nervefor infraspinatusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T3 via theposterior cutaneousbranch of the dorsalrami
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
BingfengSI12
More specific for middletrapezius fibers fromexternal occipitalprotuberance and T1-2.Medial to the subtrapezialplexus.
Deep insertion:Middle and uppertrapezius muscleEpimysiumSupraspinatus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 fortrapezius muscle, andC4,5,6 via thesuprascapular nervefor supraspinatusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7 viaposterior cutaneousnerves of the dorsalramiSensory innervationof epimysium andmuscles followssomatomotorinnervation forsupraspinatus andC2,3 for trapeziusmuscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QuyuanSI13
More specific for middletrapezius fibers from T2-6.Medial to the subtrapezialplexus.
Deep insertion:Middle trapeziusmuscleEpimysiumSupraspinatus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 fortrapezius muscle, andC4,5,6 via thesuprascapular nervefor supraspinatusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C8, T1 viaposterior cutaneousnerves of the dorsalramiSensory innervationof epimysium andmuscles followssomatomotorinnervation forsupraspinatus andC2,3 for trapeziusmuscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 7 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
JianwaishuSI14
Located over levatorscapula, near its insertionon the scapula.
Deep insertion:Upper trapeziusmuscleEpimysiumLevator scapulaemuscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 fortrapezius muscle, andC3,4,5 via the dorsalscapular (C5) andcervical nerves ofC3,4
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C7 viaposterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsalrami andsupraclavicular nerveSensory innervationof epimysium andmuscles followssomatomotorinnervation and C2,3for trapezius muscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
JianzhongshuSI 15
Located over levatorscapula.
Deep insertion:Upper trapeziusmuscleEpimysiumLevator scapulaemuscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 fortrapezius muscle, andC3,4,5 via the dorsalscapular (C5) andcervical nerves ofC3,4
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C6 viaposterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsalrami andsupraclavicular nerveSensory innervationof epimysium andmuscles followssomatomotorinnervation and C2,3for trapezius muscle
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
TianchuangSI16
Superior to the emergenceof the major cutaneousnerves of the neck, over theanterior scalene muscle.
Deep insertion:Platysma muscleSuperficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaAdipose tissuePrevertebral layer ofdeep cervical fasciaEpimysiumMiddle scalene
Somatomotor:Ventral ramus formiddle scalenemuscle. Cervicalbranch of the facialnerve CN7 forplatysma muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C3,4 at theconvergence of thesupraclavicular,transverse cervical,great auricular, andlesser occipitalnerves
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/2 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianrongSI17
Needle must be angledtowards the root of thetongue to pass through all
Deep insertion:Posterior belly of thedigastric muscle
Somatomotor:Facial nerve CN7 forposterior belly of the
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: C2,3 via the
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 19/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
three muscles. It liesposterior to the externalcarotid artery and inferiorto the facial nerve CN7.
EpimysiumStylohyoid muscleEpimysiumStyloglossus muscle
digastric andstylohyoid musclesand hypoglossal nerveCN12 for styloglossusmuscle
great auricular nerve Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QuanliaoSI18
Transverse needling for thispoint does not go beyondthe subcutaneous tissue.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: infraorbitalbranch of themaxillary division ofthe trigeminal nerveCN5
At a junction ofhorizontal,vertical anddiagonal
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TinggongSI19
This point enters thetemperomandibular jointand mandibular fossa of thetemporal bone. Superior tothe maxillary artery andposterior to the massetericnerve.
Deep insertion:Auricularis anteriorFibrous joint capsuleof thetemperomandibularjointJoint space
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:Auriculotemporalbranch of themandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerveCN5
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 8 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Zu Tai Yang Pang Guang Jing (The Bladder Channel of Foot Greater Yang).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
JingmingBL1
Enters betweenthe lacrimalcanaliculi, andlateral to thelacrimal caruncleand medial to theplica semilunaris,posterior to theangular vein.
Deep insertion:Orbicularis oculi muscleMedial palpebralligamentAdipose tissueEpimysiumMedial rectus muscle
Somatomotor:Oculomotor nerve CN3 formedial rectus muscle andvia the temporal andzygomatic branches of thefacial nerve CN7 fororbicularis oculi muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Infratrochlear nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Vertical Motor: 3/4 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ZanzhuBL2
Medial to theinfratrochlearnerve.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Supratrochlear nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Horizontal Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
MeichongBL3
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Supraorbital nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QuchaiBL4
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Supraorbital nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
WuchuBL5
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Supraorbital nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ChengguangBL6
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Supraorbital nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TongtianBL7
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Supraorbital nerve via theophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
LuoqueBL8
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: C2 viathe greater occipital nerve
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YuzhenBL9
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: C2 viathe greater occipital nerve
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianzhuBL10
At the junction oftrapezius, spleniuscapitis, andsemispinaliscapitis muscles,between the 3rd
occipital nerveand the greateroccipital nerve.
Intermediate insertion:Lateral aspect oftrapezius muscleEpimysiumMedial aspect of spleniuscapitis muscleEpimysiumSemispinalis capitismuscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumObliquus capitis inferiormuscle [7]
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle.And dorsal rami forsemispinalis capitis andsplenius capitis muscles.C1 via the suboccipitalnerve for obliquus capitisinferior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: C2 viathe 3rd occipital nerve.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Antero-posterior alongthe hair line
Motor: 1/2 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
DazhuBL11
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid minor muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSerratus posteriorsuperior muscleEpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidminor muscle. Intercostalnerves 2-5 for serratusposterior superior muscle.Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T1 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
FengmenBL12
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSerratus posteriorsuperior muscleEpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle. Intercostalnerves 2-5 for serratusposterior superior muscle.Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T2 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
FeishuBL13
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid majormuscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboid
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T3 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation of
20 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyrus
(continued on next page )
Table 8 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
Deep insertion:EpimysiumSerratus posteriorsuperior muscleEpimysiumLongissimus muscle
major muscle. Intercostalnerves 2-5 for serratusposterior superior muscle.Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
epimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
lateral to the falx cerebri
JueyinshuBL14
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle. Dorsalramus for longissimusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T4 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
45 degree angleposterior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
XinshuBL15
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle. Dorsalramus for longissimusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T5 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
45 degree angleposterior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
DushuBL16
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle.Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T6 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
45 degree angleposterior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
GeshuBL17
Medial to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumLatissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:Epimysium
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle.Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Dorsal ramus for
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T7 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.Sensory innervation ofepimysium and muscles
45 degree angleposterior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
Longissimus muscle longissimus muscle follows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
GanshuBL18
Medial to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T9 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
DanshuBL19
Medial to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T10 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
PishuBL20
Medial to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle. Dorsalramus for longissimusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T11 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
WeishuBL21
Medial to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle. Dorsalramus for longissimusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T12 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus.
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe Horizontal precentralgyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
SanjiaoshuBL22
Medial to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Aponeurotic part oflatissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle. Dorsalramus for longissimusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L1 viathe superior cluneal nerves.
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShenshuBL23
Medial to thesuperior clunealnerves.
Intermediate insertion:Aponeurotic part oflatissimus dorsi muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsi
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L2 viathe superior cluneal nerves
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 8 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
Deep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
muscle. Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
Sensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
QihaishuBL24
Medial to thesuperior clunealnerves.
Intermediate insertion:Aponeurotic part oflatissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L3 viathe superior cluneal nerves
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
DachangshuBL25
Medial to thesuperior clunealnerves.
Intermediate insertion:Aponeurotic part oflatissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L4 viathe dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
GuanyuanshuBL26
Medial to thesuperior clunealnerves.
Intermediate insertion:Aponeurotic part oflatissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Dorsal ramus forlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L5 viathe dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
XiaochangshuBL27
None Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae muscles
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
PangguangshuBL28
None Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae muscles
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the middle clunealnerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
ZhonglushuBL29
None Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae muscles
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S2 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
BaihuanshuBL30
None Deep insertion:Gluteus maximus muscle
Somatomotor:L5,S1, S2 via the inferiorgluteal nerve for gluteusmaximus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S3 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
ShangliaoBL31
At the sacralforamen and S1dorsal nerve.
Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae musclesSacral foramen
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
CiliaoBL32
At the sacralforamen and S2dorsal nerve.
Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae musclesSacral foramen
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the middle clunealnerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
ZhongliaoBL33
At the sacralforamen and S3dorsal nerve.
Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae musclesSacral foramen
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S3 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
XialiaoBL34
At the sacralforamen and S4dorsal nerve.
Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaBroad tendon of erectorspinae musclesSacral foramen
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S4 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
HuiyangBL35
Perpendicularinsertion is inferiorand medial to thesacrotuberousligament anddepends onpatientpositioning.
Intermediate insertion:Medial border of gluteusmaximus muscleDeep insertion:Inferior fascia of thepelvic diaphragmEpimysiumIliococcygeus muscle
Somatomotor:L5,S1, S2 via the inferiorgluteal nerve for gluteusmaximus muscle. S4 viathe inferior rectal nerveand coccygeal plexus foriliococcygeus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S4 viathe inferior rectal nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
ChengfuBL36
None Intermediate insertion:Biceps femoris long headEpimysiumSemitendinosus muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSemimembranosusmuscleEpimysiumAdductor magnus muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the obturatornerve and branches of thetibial part of the sciaticnerve for adductormagnus. L5,S1,2 via thetibial division of the sciaticnerve forsemimembranosus andsemitendinosus and longhead of biceps femorismuscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the posterior femoralcutaneous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
YinmenBL37
None Intermediate insertion:Biceps femoris long headEpimysiumSemitendinosus muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the obturatornerve and branches of thetibial part of the sciatic
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the posterior femoralcutaneous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the most
(continued on next page )
Table 8 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
Deep insertion:EpimysiumSemimembranosusmuscleEpimysiumAdductor magnus muscle
nerve for adductormagnus. L5,S1,2 via thetibial division of the sciaticnerve forsemimembranosus andsemitendinosus and longhead of biceps femorismuscle
superior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
FuxiBL38
None Deep insertion:Proximal end of theplantaris muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nerve
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe posterior femoralcutaneous nerve and thelateral sural cutaneousnerve from the commonfibular nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
WeiyangBL39
Between the tibialand commonfibular nerve.
Deep insertion:Proximal end of thelateral head ofgastrocnemius muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nerve
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe posterior femoralcutaneous nerve and thelateral sural cutaneousnerve from the commonfibular nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
WeizhongBL40
Over the tibialnerve, lateral tothe poplitealvessels.
Deep insertion:Adipose tissueTibial nerve
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the posterior femoralcutaneous nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
FufenBL41
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid minor muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidminor muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T2 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
PohuBL42
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T3 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
GaohuangshuBL43
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T4 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
20 degree anglelateral andinferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShentangBL44
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T5 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
45 degree anglelateral andinferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
YixiBL45
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumRhomboid major muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle,and C4,5 via the dorsalscapular for rhomboidmajor muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T6 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
45 degree anglelateral andinferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
GeguanBL46
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumLatissimus dorsi muscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapezius muscle.Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsi muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T7 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotor
45 degree anglelateral andinferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 8 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
innervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
HunmenBL47
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T9 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
YanggangBL48
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T10 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
YisheBL49
Lateral to theposteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T11 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
WeicangBL50
Over the posteriorcutaneous branchof the dorsal rami.
Deep insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumSerratus posteriorinferior muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Anterior rami T9-12 for serratus posteriorinferior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T12 viathe posterior cutaneousnerve of the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
Huangmen BL51 Medial to thesuperior clunealnerve.
Deep insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumIliocostalis lumborummuscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Posterior rami ofthe spinal nerves foriliocostalis lumborum
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L1 viathe superior cluneal nerves
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ZhishiBL52
Medial to thesuperior clunealnerve.
Deep insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleEpimysiumIliocostalis lumborummuscle:
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8for latissimus dorsimuscle. Posterior rami ofthe spinal nerves foriliocostalis lumborum
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: L2 viathe superior cluneal nerves
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
BaohuangBL53
None Deep insertion:Gluteus maximus muscleEpimysiumGluteus medius muscle
Somatomotor:L5,S1, S2 via the inferiorgluteal nerve for gluteusmaximus muscle. L5, S1via the superior glutealnerve for gluteus medius
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S2 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
ZhibianBL54
None Deep insertion:Gluteus maximus muscleEpimysiumGluteus medius muscle
Somatomotor:L5,S1, S2 via the inferiorgluteal nerve for gluteusmaximus muscle. L5, S1via the superior glutealnerve for gluteus medius
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S2 viathe middle cluneal nerves
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
HeyangBL55
None Intermediate insertion:Gastrocnemius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumPlantaris muscleEpimysiumPopliteus muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nerve(L4,5,S1 for popliteusmuscle)
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the posterior femoralcutaneous nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ChengjinBL56
Over the smallsaphenous vein.
Intermediate insertion:Gastrocnemius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSoleus muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nervefor both muscles
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the medial suralcutaneous nerve and medialcrural cutaneous nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ChengshanBL57
Over the smallsaphenous vein.
Intermediate insertion:Gastrocnemius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSoleus muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nervefor both muscles
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1,2via the medial suralcutaneous nerve and medialcrural cutaneous nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 8 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
FeiyangBL58
None Intermediate insertion:Tendinous part ofgastrocnemius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSoleus muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nervefor both muscles
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe medial sural cutaneousnerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
FuyangBL59
None Intermediate insertion:Soleus muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumFlexor hallucis longusmuscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibial nerve(S2,3 for flexor hallucislongus muscle)
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
KunlunBL60
Superior to thetendocalcaneusbursa andposterior to thefibular artery.
Deep insertion:Loose connective tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
PucanBL61
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ShenmaiBL62
None Deep insertion:Calcaneofibular ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
JinmenBL63
None Deep insertion:Abductor digiti minimimuscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the lateral plantarnerve
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
JingguBL64
None Deep insertion:Abductor digiti minimimuscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the lateral plantarnerve
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ShuguBL65
None Deep insertion:Abductor digiti minimimuscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the lateral plantarnerve
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe sural nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ZutongguBL66
Over the dorsaldigital artery andnerve.
Deep insertion obliqueinferior:Lateral end of extensorexpansionTendon of abductor digitiminimi muscle
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Sensory: 3/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ZhiyinBL67
Over the dorsaldigital artery andnerve.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S1 viathe superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Sensory: 3/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 9 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Zu Shao Yin Shen Jing (The Kidney Channel of Foot Lesser Yin).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
YongquanKI1
Over the plantarmetatarsal artery.
Shallow insertion:Thick epidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissueIntermediate insertion:Retinacula cutisTransverse fasciculiEpimysium2nd lumbrical muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumOblique head ofadductor hallucis muscleEpimysium1st plantar interosseousmuscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the lateralplantar nerve (via thedeep branch of thelateral plantar nervefor adductor hallucismuscle)
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L5 via the medialplantar nerve of thetibial nerve
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral.
Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
RanguKI2
Between flexordigitorum longustendon and junctionof the navicular andmedial cuneiformbones. The bonyprominences of thetuberosity of the 1st
metatarsal and thesustentaculum talican be confused withthe naviculartuberosity, which isbetween the two.Superior to themedial plantar nerveand artery.
Deep insertion:Medial plantar fasciaEpimysiumAbductor hallucis muscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the medialplantar nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L4,S2 via thesaphenous nerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
TaixiKI3
Posterior to tibialisposterior tendon,flexor digitorumlongus tendon,posterior tibial arteryand nerve, and flexor
Deep insertion:Loose connective tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L4,S2 via thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
hallucis longustendon. Superior tothe tendocalcaneusbursa.
DazhongKI4
Posterior to Tibialisposterior tendon,flexor digitorumlongus tendon,posterior tibial arteryand nerve, and flexorhallucis longustendon. Superior tothe tendocalcaneusbursa.
Deep insertion:Loose connective tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L4,S2 via thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ShuiquanKI5
Posterior to tibialisposterior tendon,flexor digitorumlongus tendon,posterior tibial arteryand nerve, and flexorhallucis longustendon.
Deep insertion:Attachment of flexorretinaculum
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L4,S2 via thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ZhaohaiKI6
Anterior to theposterior tibial arteryand nerve.
Deep insertion:Flexor retinaculumTendon sheath of tibialisposterior and flexordigitorum longusTibiocalcaneal part ofthe deltoid ligament ofthe ankle
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L4,S2 via thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
FuliuKI7
Posterior to theposterior tibial arteryand nerve.
Deep insertion:Distal end of soleusmuscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibialnerve for soleusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L4,S2 via thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
JiaoxinKI8
Posterior to theposterior tibial arteryand nerve.
Deep insertion:Distal end of flexordigitorum longus muscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via tibial nervefor flexor digitorum
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculus
(continued on next page )
Table 9 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
longus muscle L4 via the saphenousnerve
of the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ZhubinKI9
Posterior to theposterior tibial arteryand nerve.
Deep insertion:Gastrocnemius muscleEpimysiumSoleus muscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibialnerve for bothmuscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L3,4 via the medialcrural cutaneousnerve of thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
YinguKI10
Posterior to thesaphenous nerve andmedial to thepopliteal vessels.
Deep insertion:Proximal medial head ofthe gastrocnemiusmuscle
Somatomotor:S1,2 via the tibialnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:L3 via theinfrapatellar nerve ofthe saphenous nerveand the posteriorfemoral cutaneousnerve
Horizontal Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
HengguKI11
Pyramidalis muscle isabsent in 20% ofpeople.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathEpimysiumPyramidalis muscleTendon of rectusabdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T12 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
DaheKI12
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T12 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
QixueKI13
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T11 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
SimanKI14
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T11 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ZhongzhuKI15
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Retinacula cutisRectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T10 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
HuangshuKI16
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T10 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShangquKI17
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T9 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShiguanKI18
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T9 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
YinduKI19
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T7,8 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 9 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervationand dermatome*
[18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
FutongguKI20
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T7 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
YoumenKI21
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Rectus sheathRectus abdominis muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami forrectus abdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue:T6,7 via anteriorcutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
BulangKI22
None Deep insertion:Aponeurotic part ofexternal oblique muscleand rectus sheathEpimysiumRectus abdominisEpimysiumExternal intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nervefrom T5 for theexternal intercostalmuscle and ventralramus of T5 forexternal obliquemuscle and rectusabdominis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T5 via theanterior cutaneousbranch of the ventralramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShenfengKI23
None Deep insertion:Investing fasciaEpimysiumPectoralis major muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 T1 via the lateraland medial pectoralnerves
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T4 via theanterior cutaneousbranch of the ventralramus
20 degreesinferior andlateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
LingxuKI24
Contact with theexternal intercostalmuscles is variableand depends on thedevelopment of thepectoralis majormuscle.
Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscleEpimysiumExternal intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 T1 via the lateraland medial pectoralnerves. Intercostalnerve from T3 for theexternal intercostalmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T3 via theanterior cutaneousbranch of the ventralramus
45 degreesinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShencangKI25
Contact with theexternal intercostalmuscles is variableand depends on thedevelopment of thepectoralis majormuscle.
Deep insertion:Pectoralis major muscleEpimysiumExternal intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 T1 via the lateraland medial pectoralnerves. Intercostalnerve from T2 for theexternal intercostalmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T2 via theanterior cutaneousbranch of the ventralramus
45 degreesinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
Table 10 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomica atalog of Shou Jue Yin Xin Bao Jing (The Pericardium Channel of Hand Absolute Yin).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specificationon location [18e20]
Anatomica ath of theneedle [18 0]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
TianchiPC1
While this point lies overpectoralis minor muscle,the needle angle goesposterior to the muscle.It is likely the needlepath will not go beyondbreast tissue in femalepatients.
Deep inser n:Pectoralis jor muscle orbreast tissEpimysiumExternal in rcostal muscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nervefrom T4 for theexternal intercostalmuscle. C7,8,T1 fromthe lateral and medialpectoral nerves forpectoralis major
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T4 via the lateralcutaneous nerves of theventral rami
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
TianquanPC2
Deep proximal insertionenters thecoracobrachialis muscleand deep distal insertioncontacts themusculocutaneous nerveoverlying the
Intermedia insertion:Biceps bra ii muscleDeep inser n:EpimysiumCoracobra ialis ormusculocu neous nerve
Somatomotor:C5,6,7, via themusculocutaneousnerve for bothmuscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T1,2 via the medialcutaneous nerve of thearm and theintercostobrachial nerve
At the junctionof vertical anda 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
YuzhongKI26
Contact with theexternal intercostalmuscles is variableand depends on thedevelopment of thepectoralis majormuscle.
Deep inser n:Pectoralis ajor muscleEpimysiumExternal in rcostalmuscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 T1 via the lateraland medial pectoralnerves. Intercostalnerve from T1 for theexternal intercostalmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T1 via theanterior cutaneousbranch of the ventralramus
45 degreesinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ShufuKI27
Contact with thesubclavius muscle isvariable and dependson the developmentof the pectoralismajor muscle.
Deep inser n:Pectoralis ajor muscleEpimysiumSubclavius uscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 T1 via the lateraland medial pectoralnerves. C5,6 via thenerve to subclavius
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneoustissue: T1 via theanterior cutaneousnerves of the ventralvamus
45 degreesinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermato es and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a spec c area of the sensory cortex.
l c
l pe2
tiomaue
te
techtio
chta
tiom
te
tiom
m
mifi
Table 10 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specificationon location [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
coracobrachialis muscle.QuzePC3
In the space between thepronator teres andbiceps brachii insertions.This point passes throughthe lateral aspect ofpronator teres whenneedled in supination.Avoid the brachialartery.
Deep insertion:Lateral part of pronatorteres muscleAdipose tissueMedian nerve
Somatomotor:C6,7 via the mediannerve for pronatorteres
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T1 via the medialcutaneous nerve of thearm and forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
XimenPC4
None Intermediate insertion:Flexor carpi radialis muscleEpimysiumPalmaris longus muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumFlexor digitorumsuperficialis muscleMedian nerve or angled tothe medial part of flexordigitorum profundus muscle
Somatomotor:All via the mediannerve. C6,7 for flexorcarpi radialis, C7,8for palmaris longus,C8,T1 for flexordigitorum profundus,and C7,8,T1 for flexordigitorumsuperficialis muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6,T1 via the anteriorbranch of the medialcutaneous nerve of theforearm and the lateralcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
JianshiPC5
The median nerve ismore superficial at thispoint than Ximen (PC4).
Deep insertion:Distal end of flexordigitorum superficialismuscleMedian nerve or angled totendinous part of flexordigitorum profundus muscle
Somatomotor:Via the median nerve.C7,8,T1 for flexordigitorumsuperficialis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6,T1 via the medialcutaneous nerve of theforearm and the lateralcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
NeiguanPC6
The median nerve ismore superficial at thispoint than Jianshi andXimen (PC4,5). SeeWaiguan SJ 5 forneedling that connectsto Waiguan SJ5.
Deep insertion:Distal end of flexordigitorum superficialismuscle [7]Adipose tissueMedian nerve or angled totendinous parts of flexordigitorum profundusmuscles
Somatomotor:Via the median nerve.C7,8,T1 for flexordigitorumsuperficialis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6,T1 via the anteriorbranch of the medialcutaneous nerve of theforearm and the lateralcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
DalingPC7
Over the median nerve. Deep insertion:Palmar carpal ligamentAdipose tissueFlexor retinaculumAdipose tissueCarpal tunnel (for obliquedistal insertions)
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:At the union of C5-T1 viathe palmar cutaneousbranch of the medianand ulnar nerves, andthe distal fibers of theanterior branch of themedial cutaneous nerveof the forearm
Vertical Sensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
LaogongPC8
Located between the 2nd
and 3th metacarpalbones where the shaftmeets the head of thebones, just proximal tothe transverse fasciculi.Over the common palmardigital nerve and artery.
Shallow insertion:Thick epidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissueDeep insertion:Retinacula cutisPalmar aponeurosisEpimysiumDistal part of adductorpollicis muscleEpimysiumLateral part of 2nd lumbricalmuscle
Somatomotor:C8,T1 via the mediannerve for thelumbrical muscle andvia the deep branchof the ulnar nerve foradductor pollicis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via the palmarcutaneous branch of themedian nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/3 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ZhongchongPC9
Over the palmar digitalbranch of the mediannerve and palmar digitalartery.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via the medial branchof the median nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 4/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 11 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Shou Shao Yang San Jiao Jing (The Triple Burner Channel of Hand Lesser Yang).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopicorganization in theprimary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
GuangchongSJ1
Over the palmar digitalbranch of the ulnar nerveand palmar digital artery.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C8 via the superficialbranch of the ulnar nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 4/10 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YemenSJ2
Over the dorsal digitalartery and nerve.
Deep insertion:Distal end of 4th dorsalinterosseous muscleEpimysiumDistal end of 3rd palmarinterosseous muscle
Somatomotor:Deep branch of the ulnarnerve C8,T1
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C8 via the dorsal branchof the ulnar nerve
At a 45 degreeangle lateraland medial
Motor: 1/3 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ZhongzhuSJ3
Over the dorsal metacarpalartery and nerve.
Intermediate insertion:4th dorsal interosseousmuscleEpimysium3rd palmar interosseousmuscleDeep insertion:Epimysium4th lumbrical muscle
Somatomotor:Deep branch of the ulnarnerve C8,T1
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C8 via the dorsal branchof the ulnar nerve
At a 45 degreeangle lateraland medial
Motor: 1/3 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YangchiSJ4
In the space between lunatebone, the triquetrum bone,the most medial and distalpart of the radius and thehead of the ulna.
Deep insertion:Extensor retinaculumRadial carpal ligamentDorsal ulnocarpalligamentArticular disc of the wristjoint
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7,8 via the dorsalbranch of the ulnar nerve
Horizontal Sensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
WaiguanSJ5
The path of the needlepasses superficially betweenthe extensor digitorumtendons and extensorpollicis brevis muscle. Theoblique ulnar angle followsthe path of extensor pollicisbrevis muscle to its junctionwith extensor pollicis longusmuscle before piercing theinterosseous membranemedial to the interosseous
Intermediate insertion:Extensor pollicis brevismuscleEpimysiumExtensor pollicis longusmuscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumPronator quadratusmuscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 via the posteriorinterosseous nerve,a continuation of thedeep branch of the radialnerve for extensorpollicis longus and brevismuscles. C8,T1 viaanterior interosseousnerve from the mediannerve for pronatorquadratus
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of theforearm
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral
Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
neurovascular bundle.Oblique proximal and distalinsertions would contact thesame muscle at differentangles and areas.
ZhigouSJ6
Located at the junction ofabductor pollicis longus andextensor pollicis brevismuscles with the extensordigitorum muscle.
Intermediate insertion:Abductor pollicis longusmuscleEpimysiumExtensor pollicis brevismuscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumProximal end of pronatorquadratus muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 via the posteriorinterosseous nerve,a continuation of thedeep branch of the radialnerve for extensorpollicis brevis andabductor pollicis longusmuscles. C8,T1 viaanterior interosseousnerve from the mediannerve for pronatorquadratus
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of theforearm
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral
Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
HuizongSJ7
Between extensor digitiminimi muscle and extensorcarpi ulnaris muscle.
Intermediate insertion:Extensor carpi ulnarismuscleEpimysiumExtensor digiti minimimuscleEpimysiumExtensor indicis muscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumProximal end of pronatorquadratus muscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 via the deep branchof the radial nerve forextensor digiti minimiand extensor carpiulnaris muscles and viaposterior interosseousnerve of the deep branchof the radial artery forextensor indicis muscle.C8,T1 via anteriorinterosseous nerve fromthe median nerve forpronator quadratus
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7,8 via mediancutaneous nerve of theforearm
At a 20 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
SanyangluoSJ8
Located at the junction ofextensor digitorum,abductor pollicis longus,and extensor carpi radialisbrevis muscles.
Intermediate insertion:Extensor digitorummuscleEpimysiumAbductor pollicis longusmuscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumFlexor pollicis longusmuscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 via the posteriorinterosseous nerve,a continuation of thedeep branch of the radialnerve for abductorpollicis longus muscleand via the deep branchof the radial nerve forextensor digitorum andextensor carpi ulnarismuscles. C8,T1 viaanterior interosseous
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of theforearm
At a 20 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 11 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopicorganization in theprimary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
nerve from the mediannerve for flexor pollicislongus muscle
SiduSJ9
None Intermediate insertion:Extensor digitorummuscleEpimysiumExtensor carpi ulnarismuscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumAbductor pollicis longusmuscleInterosseous membraneEpimysiumFlexor pollicis longusmuscle
Somatomotor:C7,8 via the posteriorinterosseous nerve,a continuation of thedeep branch of the radialnerve for abductorpollicis longus muscleand via the deep branchof the radial nerve forextensor digitorummuscle. C8,T1 viaanterior interosseousnerve from the mediannerve for flexor pollicislongus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianjingSJ10
Needle slides into theolecranon fossa at the pointwhere the medial tricepsmuscle and tendon from thelong and lateral head of thetriceps brachii meet.Lateral to the ulnar nerve.
Deep insertion:Triceps brachii muscle/tendonJoint capsuleAdipose tissue
Somatomotor:C6,7,8 via the radialnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QinglengyuanSJ11
Into the distal belly of thetendon of the long andlateral heads and deep intothe medial head of tricepsbrachii muscle.
Deep insertion:Triceps brachii muscle/tendon
Somatomotor:C6,7,8 via the radialnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via inferior lateralcutaneous nerve of thearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
XiaoluoSJ12
Between the bellies of thelong and lateral heads oftriceps brachii, then deepthrough the proximal medialhead.
Deep insertion:Triceps brachii muscle
Somatomotor:C6,7,8 via the radialnerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via the posteriorcutaneous nerve of thearm
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
NaohuiSJ13
At the junction of thedeltoid muscle and the longand lateral heads of tricepsbrachii.
Deep insertion:Posterior deltoid muscleEpimysiumTriceps brachii muscle
Somatomotor:C6,7,8 via the radialnerve for the tricepsbrachii. C5,6 via theaxillary nerve for thedeltoid muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via the posteriorcutaneous nerve of thearm
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
JianliaoSJ14
At the junction of theacromial and scapular headsof the deltoid muscle
Intermediate insertion:Deltoid muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumInfraspinatus tendon
Somatomotor:C5,6 via the axillarynerve for the deltoidmuscle, and via thesuprascapular nerve forthe infraspinatus tendon
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6,7 via the posteriorcutaneous nerve of thearm and superior lateralcutaneous nerve of thearm
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/5 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianliaoSJ15
Over the insertion of levatorscapula. Due to the largearea of insertion, obliqueinsertion at any angle willcontact the muscle.
Deep insertion:Upper trapezius muscleEpimysiumLevator scapulae muscleinsertion
Somatomotor:Spinal accessory nerveCN11 for trapeziusmuscle, and C3,4,5 viathe dorsal scapular (C5)and cervical nerves ofC3,4 for levator scapulaemuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of thedorsal rami andsupraclavicular nerveSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
TianyouSJ16
Just inferior to thetransverse process of C1, atthe insertion of levatorscapulae muscle on C1.
Deep insertion:Superficial investinglayer of deep cervicalfasciaEpimysiumInsertion of levatorscapulae muscle
Somatomotor:C3,4,5 via the dorsalscapular (C5) andcervical nerves of C3,4for levator scapulaemuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2,3 via the greatauricular and lesseroccipital nerve
45 degree anglemedial andinferior
Motor: 1/2 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
YifengSJ17
Angle of insertion runsanterior and superior to thefacial nerve CN7.
Deep insertionSuperior boarder of thedigastric muscleEpimysiumAttachments ofstylohyoid andstylopharyngeus muscles
Somatomotor:Facial nerve CN7 forposterior belly of thedigastric and stylohyoidmuscles andglossopharyngeal nerveCN9 for stylopharyngeusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2 via the great auricularnerve and the lesseroccipital nerve
Vertical Motor: 19/20 thedistance of theprecentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/8 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
QimaiSJ18
None Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2 via the lesseroccipital nerve
Along the pathof the ear
Sensory: 1/8 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 11 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopicorganization in theprimary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
LuxiSJ19
At the junction of themastoid process with thepetrous part of thetemporal bone.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2 via the lesseroccipital nerve
Along the pathof the ear
Sensory: 1/8 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
JiaosunSJ20
None Shallow insertion:Attachment oftemporalis muscle
Somatomotor:Deep temporal branchesof the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2 via the lesseroccipital nerve, greatauricular nerve and theauriculotemporal branchof the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
Along the pathof the ear
Motor: 9/10 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: the distance ofthe postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
ErmenSJ21
This point enters thetemperomandibular jointand mandibular fossa of thetemporal bone. Superior tothe facial nerve CN7.
Deep insertion:Auricularis anteriormuscleFibrous joint capsule ofthe temperomandibularjoint
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:the auriculotemporalbranch of the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Sensory: 2/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
ErheliaoSJ22
In the depression betweenwhere the squamous portionof the temporal bone meetsthe petrous portion andwhere the zygomaticprocess meets the temporalbone.
Shallow insertion:Attachment oftemporalis muscle
Somatomotor:Deep temporal branchesof the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:the auriculotemporalbranch of the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand medial
Motor: 9/10 the distanceof the precentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebriSensory: 2/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
SizhukongSJ23
At the junction of thefrontal and zygomatic bone.Just superior to thezygomaticofacial artery andvein.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:the lacrimal branch ofthe ophthalmic divisionand thezygomaticotemporalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
At a 45 degreeangle inferiorand lateral
Sensory: 2/3 thedistance of thepostcentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 12 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Zu Shao Yang Dan Jing (The Gall Bladder Channel of Foot Lesser Yang).
Acupuncture
point [16,17]
Additional specification on
location [18e20]
Anatomical path of the
needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation and
dermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s
line [18]
Somatotopic organization in the
primary sensory and motor cortex
[21,22]
Tongziliao
GB1
On the frontal process
of the zygomatic bone,
superior to the
zygomaticofacial foramen.
Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
zygomaticofacial nerve of the
maxillary division of the trigeminal
nerve CN5
Vertical Sensory: 2/3 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Tinghui
GB2
This point enters the
temperomandibular
joint and mandibular fossa
of the temporal bone.
Deep insertion:
Fibrous joint capsule of the
temperomandibular joint
Joint space
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the great auricular nerve
45 degree angle
medial and
inferior
Sensory: 2/3 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Shangguan
GB3
None Deep insertion:
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
auriculotemporal nerve of the
mandibular division of CN5
Horizontal Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 2/3 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Handan
GB4
None Shallow insertion:
Temporal fascia
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
auriculotemporal nerve of the
mandibular division of CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Xuanlu
GB5
None Shallow insertion:
Temporal fascia
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
auriculotemporal nerve of the
mandibular division of CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Xuanli
GB6
None Shallow insertion:
Temporal fascia
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
auriculotemporal nerve of the
mandibular division of CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Qubin
GB7
None Shallow insertion:
Temporal fascia
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
auriculotemporal nerve of the
mandibular division of CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Shuaigu
GB8
None Shallow insertion:
Temporal fascia
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the lesser occipital nerve
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
(continued on next page )
Table 12 (continued )
Acupuncture
point [16,17]
Additional specification on
location [18e20]
Anatomical path of the
needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation and
dermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s
line [18]
Somatotopic organization in the
primary sensory and motor cortex
[21,22]
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Tianchong
GB9
None Shallow insertion:
Temporal fascia
Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:
Anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the lesser occipital nerve
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 9/10 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Fubai
GB10
None Shallow insertion:
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the lesser occipital nerve
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Touqiaoyin
GB11
None Shallow insertion:
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the lesser occipital nerve
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Wangu
GB12
Posterior to the facial
nerve.
Intermediate insertion:
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Deep insertion
Epimysium
Splenius capitis
Epimysium
Longissimus capitis
Somatomotor:
Spinal accessory nerve CN11
for sternocleidomastoid
muscle. Posterior rami of
the spinal nerves for
longissimus capitis and
splenius capitis muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the lesser occipital nerve
Sensory innervation of epimysium
and muscles follows somatomotor
innervation and C2,3 for
sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 1/2 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Benshen
GB13
None Shallow insertion:
Galea aponeurotica
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
supraorbital nerve of the
ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Yangbai
GB14
Over the frontalis muscle
but needle insertion is
superficial.
Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
supratrochlear and supraorbital
nerve of the ophthalmic division of
the trigeminal nerve CN5
Horizontal Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Toulinqi
GB15
None Shallow insertion:
Galea aponeurotica
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
supraorbital nerve of the
ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Muchuang
GB16
None Shallow insertion:
Galea aponeurotica
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
supraorbital nerve of the
ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Zhengying
GB17
None Shallow insertion:
Galea aponeurotica
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: via the
supraorbital nerve of the
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
Chengling
GB18
None Shallow insertion:
Galea aponeurotica
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the greater occipital nerve
and the supraorbital nerve of the
ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve CN5
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Naokong
GB19
Over the great occipital
nerve and occipital artery.
Shallow insertion:
Galea aponeurotica
Loose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C2 via the greater occipital nerve
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Fengchi
GB20
In the superior part of the
suboccipital triangle.
Inferior to the occipital
artery and lateral to the
great occipital nerve.
Intermediate insertion
towards the opposite eye:
Semispinalis capitis muscle
Deep insertion towards the
opposite eye:
Epimysium
Rectus capitis posterior
major muscle
Insertion connecting to
opposite fengchi (GB20):
Horizontally through the
trapezius muscle, both sides
Somatomotor:
C1 via suboccipital nerve for
rectus capitis posterior
major muscle. Spinal
accessory nerve CN11 for
trapezius. And dorsal rami
for semispinalis capitis
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue:
C3 via the 3rd occipital nerve
Sensory innervation of epimysium
and muscles follows somatomotor
innervation and C2,3 for trapezius
muscle
Anteroposterior
along the hair
line
Motor: 1/2 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/8 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Jianjing
GB21
None Deep insertion:
Upper trapezius muscle
Somatomotor:
Spinal accessory nerve CN11
for trapezius muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: C5,6 via
posterior cutaneous nerve of the
dorsal rami
Sensory innervation of epimysium
and muscles is C2,3 for trapezius
muscle
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Yuanye
GB22
None Deep insertion:
Serratus anterior muscle
Epimysium
External intercostal muscle
Somatomotor:
Intercostal nerve from T4
for the external intercostal
muscle. C5,6,7 via the long
thoracic nerve for serratus
anterior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T5 via lateral
cutaneous nerve of the ventral rami
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Zhejin
GB23
None Deep insertion:
Serratus anterior muscle
Epimysium
External intercostal muscle
Somatomotor:
Intercostal nerve from T4
for the external intercostal
muscle. C5,6,7 via the long
thoracic nerve for serratus
anterior muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T5 via lateral
cutaneous nerve of the ventral rami
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Riyue
GB24
None Deep insertion:
Aponeurotic part of external
oblique muscle
Epimysium
External intercostal muscle
Somatomotor:
Intercostal nerve from T7
for the external intercostal
muscle and ventral ramus
for external oblique muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T7 via
anterior cutaneous nerve of the
ventral rami
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 12 (continued )
Acupuncture
point [16,17]
Additional specification on
location [18e20]
Anatomical path of the
needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation and
dermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s
line [18]
Somatotopic organization in the
primary sensory and motor cortex
[21,22]
Jingmen
GB25
None Intermediate insertion:
External oblique muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Internal oblique muscle
Somatomotor:
Ventral rami for both
muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T12 via lateral
cutaneous nerve of the ventral rami
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Daimai
GB26
None Intermediate insertion:
External oblique muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Internal oblique muscle
Somatomotor:
Ventral rami for both
muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T12 via lateral
cutaneous nerve of the ventral rami
45 degree angle
medial and
inferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Wushu
GB27
None Intermediate insertion:
External oblique muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Internal oblique muscle
Somatomotor:
Ventral rami for both
muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T12 via
anterior cutaneous nerve of the
ventral rami
45 degree angle
medial and
inferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Weidai
GB28
None Intermediate insertion:
Aponeurotic part of external
oblique muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Internal oblique muscle
Somatomotor:
Ventral rami for both
muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: T12 via
anterior cutaneous nerve of the
ventral rami
45 degree angle
medial and
inferior
Motor: 1/6 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Juliao
GB29
None Intermediate insertion:
Posterior part of tensor
fascia lata muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Anterior part of gluteus
minimus muscle
Somatomotor:
L5,S1 via the superior
gluteal nerve
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L2,3 via the
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: at the most superior and
medial aspect of the postcentral
gyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
Huantiao
GB30
Deep insertion to contact
the sciatic nerve is noted 1
cun inferior to Huantiao
GB30. A slightly medial
location for this technique
may be required as well.
Intermediate insertion:
Gluteus maximus muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Piriformis muscle
Somatomotor:
L5,S1, S2 via the inferior
gluteal nerve for gluteus
maximus muscle. S1,2 via
branches of the anterior
rami
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via inferior
cluneal nerves from the posterior
femoral cutaneous nerve
45 degree angle
medial and
inferior
Motor: 1/20 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: at the most superior and
medial aspect of the postcentral
gyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
Fengshi
GB31
None Intermediate insertion:
Posterior part of vastus
lateralis muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Short head of biceps femoris
Somatomotor:
L2,3,4 via the femoral nerve
for vastus lateralis muscle
and L5,S1,2 via the common
fibular division of the sciatic
nerve for short head of
biceps femoris muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L4,5 via the
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: at the most superior and
medial aspect of the postcentral
gyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
Zhongdu
GB32
None Intermediate insertion:
Posterior part of vastus
lateralis muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Short head of biceps femoris
Somatomotor:
L2,3,4 via the femoral nerve
for vastus lateralis muscle
and L5,S1,2 via the common
fibular division of the sciatic
nerve for short head of
biceps femoris muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L4,5 via the
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance of the
precentral gyrus lateral to the falx
cerebri
Sensory: at the most superior and
medial aspect of the postcentral
gyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
Xiyangguan
GB33
None Deep insertion:
Distal part of the short head
of biceps femoris
Adipose tissue
Somatomotor:
L5,S1,2 via the common
fibular division of the sciatic
nerve for short head of
biceps femoris muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L5,S1 via
posterior cutaneous nerve of the
thigh
Horizontal Motor: at the most superior and
medial aspect of the precentral
gyrus, adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/2 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Yanglingquan
GB34
Between the superficial and
deep fibular nerves.
Intermediate insertion:
Fibularis longus muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Extensor digitorum longus
muscle
Somatomotor:
L4,5 via the deep fibular
nerve for extensor digitorum
longus. L5,S1,2 via the
superficial fibular nerve for
fibularis longus
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L5,S1 via the
lateral sural cutaneous nerve from
the common fibular nerve
45 degree angle
medial and
inferior
Motor: at the most superior and
medial aspect of the precentral
gyrus, adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/2 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Yangjiao
GB35
Just posterior to the
superficial fibular nerve.
Anterior to the fibular
artery.
Intermediate insertion:
Fibularis longus muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Fibularis brevis muscle
Epimysium
Flexor hallucis longus
muscle
Somatomotor:
L5,S1,2 via the superficial
fibular nerve for fibularis
longus and brevis. S2,3 via
the tibial nerve for flexor
hallucis longus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L5 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/4 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Waiqiu
GB36
Just posterior to the
superficial fibular nerve.
Anterior to the fibular
artery.
Intermediate insertion:
Fibularis longus muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Fibularis brevis
Epimysium
Extensor digitorum longus
muscle
Somatomotor:
L4,5 via the deep fibular
nerve for extensor digitorum
longus. L5,S1,2 via the
superficial fibular nerve for
fibularis longus and brevis
muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: L5 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/4 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Guangming
GB37
Just posterior to the
superficial fibular nerve.
Anterior to the fibular
artery.
Intermediate insertion:
Fibularis brevis muscle
Epimysium
Extensor digitorum brevis
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Extensor hallucis longus
Interosseous membrane
Epimysium
Tibialis posterior
Somatomotor:
L4,5 via the deepþ fibular
nerve for extensor digitorum
longus and extensor hallucis
longus, via tibial nerve for
tibialis posterior. L5,S1,2 via
the superficial fibular nerve
for fibularis brevis muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/4 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 12 (continued )
Acupuncture
point [16,17]
Additional specification on
location [18e20]
Anatomical path of the
needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation and
dermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s
line [18]
Somatotopic organization in the
primary sensory and motor cortex
[21,22]
Yangfu
GB38
Posterior to the superficial
fibular nerve. Anterior to
the fibular artery.
Intermediate insertion:
Fibularis tertius muscle
Epimysium
Extensor digitorum brevis
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Extensor hallucis longus
Interosseous membrane
Epimysium
Tibialis posterior
Somatomotor:
L4,5 via the deep fibular
nerve for extensor digitorum
longus, fibularis tertius and
extensor hallucis longus, via
tibial nerve for tibialis
posterior
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/4 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Xuanzhong
GB39
The WHO locates this point
anterior to the fibula and
other sources locate this
point posterior to the fibula.
This location posterior to
the fibula is presented here.
Anterior to the fibular
artery.
Intermediate insertion:
Fibularis brevis muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Flexor hallucis longus
muscle
Somatomotor:
L5,S1,2 via the superficial
fibular nerve for fibularis
brevis muscle. S2,3 via the
tibial nerve for flexor
hallucis longus muscle
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/4 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Qiuxu
GB40
Between the
calcaneofibular ligament
and anterior talofibular
ligament, superior to the
extensor digitorum brevis
muscle, into the tarsal
sinus. Just posterior to the
anterior lateral malleolar
artery.
Deep insertion:
Lateral part of the extensor
retinaculum
Attachment of extensor
digitorum brevis
Interosseous talocalcaneal
ligament
Tarsal sinus
Somatomotor:
L5,S1 deep fibular nerve
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Zulinqi
GB41
Over the dorsal metatarsal
artery and nerve.
Intermediate insertion:
Extensor digitorum brevis
muscle
Epimysium
Dorsal interosseous muscle
Deep insertion:
Epimysium
Plantar interosseous muscle
Somatomotor:
L5,S1 deep fibular nerve for
extensor digitorum brevis.
S2,3 via the lateral plantar
nerve for the dorsal and
plantar interossei muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 3/4 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/2 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Diwuhui
GB42
Between where the shaft of
the 4th and 5th metatarsals
meets the head. Over the
dorsal metatarsal artery and
nerve.
Deep insertion:
Dorsal interosseous muscle
Epimysium
Plantar interosseous muscle
Somatomotor:
S2,3 via the lateral plantar
nerve for the dorsal and
plantar interossei muscles
To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 3/4 the distance of
the vertical section of the
homunculus of the precentral gyrus
adjacent to the falx cerebri
Sensory: 1/2 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Table 13 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Zu Jue Yin Gan Jing (The Liver Channel of Foot Absolute Yin).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
DadunLR1
Over the dorsal digitalartery and nerves.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the deep fibularnerve
Horizontal Sensory: 3/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
XingjianLR2
Between where the shaftsof the 1st and 2nd proximalphalanges meet the bases.Only deep insertion obliqueproximal passes through thedeep transverse metatarsalligament. Over the dorsaldigital artery and nerves.
Deep insertion:Adipose tissueDeep transversemetatarsal ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the deep fibularnerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
TaichongLR3
Over the medial branch ofthe deep fibular nerve and
Intermediateinsertion:
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the medial
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:
45 degree angleinferior and
Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the vertical
(continued on next page )
Xiaxi
GB43
Between where the shafts of
the 4th and 5th proximal
phalanges meet the bases.
Only deep insertion oblique
proximal passes through the
deep transverse metatarsal
ligament. Over the dorsal
digital artery and nerves.
Deep insertion:
Adipose tissue
Deep transverse metatarsal
ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/2 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
Zuqiaoyin
GB44
Over the dorsal digital
artery and nerves.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous tissue: S1 via the
superficial fibular nerve
Vertical Sensory: 3/4 the distance of the
vertical section of the homunculus
of the postcentral gyrus adjacent to
the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibers associated
with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 13 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
the dorsal metatarsalartery.
1st dorsal interosseimuscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumMedial part of theoblique head ofadductor hallucismuscleEpimysiumLateral part of flexorhallucis brevis muscle
plantar nerve for flexorhallucis brevis muscle,via the deep branch ofthe lateral plantar nervefor adductor hallucismuscle and via thelateral plantar nerve forthe dorsal interosseousmuscle
L5 via the deep fibularand superficial fibularnerves
medial section of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ZhongfengLR4
In the neck of the talus,over the anterior tibiotalarpart of the medial (deltoid)ligament of the ankle.Medial and lateral insertionsputs the needle throughsimilar structures though atdifferent angles and places.Over the great saphenousvein and medial to theanterior tibial artery anddeep fibular nerve.
Deep insertion:Anterior tibiotalarpart of the medial(deltoid) ligament ofthe ankle
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4/5 via the saphenousand superficial fibularnerves
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Sensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
LigouLR5
Texts describe this point aseither over the medialsurface of the tibia, orbetween the tibia andgastrocnemius muscle(actually the soleusmuscle). Both are used inpractice. Only the muscularinsertion is described here;it is between the soleusmuscle and the tibia.Anterior to the posteriortibial artery and tibialnerve.
Intermediateinsertion:Transverseintermuscular septumEpimysiumFlexor digitorumlongusDeep insertionanterior to theposterior tibialneurovascularbundle:EpimysiumTibialis posteriormuscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the tibial nervefor tibialis posteriormuscle. S2,3 via tibialnerve for flexordigitorum longus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4 via the medial cruralcutaneous nerve of thesaphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
ZhongduLR6
Texts describe this point aseither over the medialsurface of the tibia, orbetween the tibia andgastrocnemius muscle(actually the soleusmuscle). Both are used inpractice. Only the muscularinsertion is described here;it is between the soleusmuscle and the tibia.Anterior to the posteriortibial artery and tibialnerve.
Intermediateinsertion:Transverseintermuscular septumEpimysiumFlexor digitorumlongusDeep insertionanterior to theposterior tibialneurovascularbundle:EpimysiumTibialis posteriormuscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the tibial nervefor tibialis posteriormuscle. S2,3 via tibialnerve for flexordigitorum longus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3,4 via the medialcrural cutaneous nerveof the saphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 1/2 thedistance of the verticalsection of the homunculusof the precentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
XiguanLR7
Just superior to theattachment ofsemitendinosus tendon onthe tibia.
Intermediateinsertion:Medial head ofgastrocnemius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumDistal end ofpopliteus muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 and S1 via the tibialnerve for popliteusmuscle. S1,2 via tibialnerve for gastrocnemiusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3 via the medial cruralcutaneous nerve of thesaphenous nerve andposterior femoralcutaneous nerve
45 degree angleinferior andlateral
Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
QuquanLR8
Located between theattachment ofsemimembranosus tendonand the tibial collateralligament at the meetingpoint of the medial condylesof the tibia and femur.Medial to the poplitealartery and tibial nerve.
Intermediateinsertion:Sartorius muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumMedial head ofgastrocnemius
Somatomotor:L2,3 via the femoralnerve for sartorius. S1,2via tibial nerve forgastrocnemius muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3 via the infrapatellarbranch of the saphenousnerve and posteriorfemoral cutaneous nerve
Horizontal Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
YinbaoLR9
The WHO locates this pointproximal to Sartorius muscle4 cun proximal to thesuperior boarder of thepatella (into adductormagnus muscle). Othertexts note the location 2cun proximal to the superiorboarder of the patella distalto sartorius muscle (intovastus medialis).
Deep insertion:Vastus medialis oradductor magnusmuscles
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via obturatornerve and tibial part ofthe sciatic nerve foradductor magnus muscleand via the femoralnerve for vastus medialismuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3 via the anteriorcutaneous branch of thefemoral nerve and thecutaneous branch of theobturator nerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: at the most superiorand medial aspect of theprecentral gyrus, adjacentto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of thepostcentral gyrus adjacentto the falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 13 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additional specification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line[18]
Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory andmotor cortex [21,22]
ZuwuliLR10
Between the greatsaphenous vein and thefemoral vessels.
Deep insertion:Adductor longus
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via obturatornerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L1,2 via the femoralbranch of thegenitofemoral nerve andthe anterior cutaneousbranch of the femoralnerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
YinlianLR11
Medial to the femoralvessels.
Deep insertion:Pectineus muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3, via obturator nerveand femoral nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L1 via the femoralbranch of thegenitofemoral nerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
JimaiLR12
Just inferior to the inguinalligament. Medial to thefemoral vessels.
Deep insertion:Pectineus muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3, via obturator nerveand femoral nerve
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L1,T12 via the femoralbranch of thegenitofemoral nerve andanterior cutaneous nerveof the ventral ramus
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/20 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: at the mostsuperior and medial aspectof the postcentral gyrusadjacent to the falx cerebri
ZhangmenLR13
None Deep insertion:External obliquemuscleEpimysiumInternal oblique
Somatomotor:Ventral rami of T11 forboth muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T11 via the lateralcutaneous branch of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
QimenLR14
Just lateral to rectusabdominis muscle.
Deep insertion:Aponeurotic part ofexternal obliquemuscleEpimysiumExternal intercostalmuscle
Somatomotor:Intercostal nerve fromT6 for the externalintercostal muscle andventral ramus of T6
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T6 via the anteriorcutaneous branch of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance ofthe precentral gyrus lateralto the falx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distanceof the postcentral gyruslateral to the falx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 14 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Ren Mai (The Conception Vessel).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
HuiyinREN1
On the perinealraphe, entering theperineal bodyd thetendinous attachmentfor superficialperineal muscles(external analsphincter, superficialtransverse perineal,and bulbospongiosusmuscles).
Deep insertion:Superficial perinealfasciaPerineal body
Somatomotor:S2-4 via the inferior analnerve of the pudendalnerve for the externalanal sphincter, via themuscular (deep) branchof the perineal nerve ofthe pudendal nerve forbulbospongiosus andsuperficial transverseperineal muscles.
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: S4 atthe meeting point of theposterior labial nerve fromthe superficial perinealnerve, the inferior rectalnerve and the perinealbranch of the posteriorcutaneous nerve of thethigh
Anteroposterior Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: at the most medial andinferior part of the homunculus ofthe postcentral gyrus
QuguREN2
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue: T12 viaanterior cutaneous nerve ofthe ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ZhongjiREN3
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T12 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
GuanyuanREN4
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T11 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShimenREN5
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T11 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
QihaiREN6
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T10 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of the
(continued on next page )
Table 14 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
postcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
YinjiaoREN7
Medial to the inferiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T10 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShenqueREN8
Moxibustion only. EpidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissueRetinacula cutisMedian umbilicalfoldsMedian umbilicalligaments
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T10 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShuifenREN9
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T9,10 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
XiawanREN10
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T9 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
JianliREN11
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T9 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ZhongwanREN12
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T7,8 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of the
postcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShangwanREN13
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T7 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
JuqueREN14
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T6,7 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
JiuweiREN15
Medial to the superiorepigastric vessels.
Deep insertion:Linea alba
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T6 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ZhongtingREN16
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T5 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShanzhongREN17
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T4 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
YutangREN18
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T3 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ZigongREN19
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T2 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 14 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path ofthe needle [18e20]
Motor innervation [18] Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
Huagai REN20 None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T1 via anterior cutaneousnerve of the ventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
XuanjiREN21
None Shallow insertion only Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C5,T1 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
TiantuREN22
Only deep insertionunder the manubriumcontacts the thymus.Medial to the commoncarotid arteries.
Deep insertion:Loose connectivetissueThymus
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C4,5 via the transversecervical nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
LianquanREN23
Located between theanterior jugularveins.
Intermediateinsertion:Mylohyoid muscleEpimysiumGeniohyoid muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumGenioglossus muscle
Somatomotor:Hypoglossal nerve CN12for the genioglossus.Mandibular nerve fromthe trigeminal nerve CN5for mylohyoid. C1,2 viathe nerve to geniohyoidfor the geniohyoidmuscle.
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C2 via the transversecervical nerve
Vertical Motor: at the most lateral andinferior part of the homunculus ofthe precentral gyrusSensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ChengqiangREN24
The depressionformed at thejunction of mentalisand orbicularis orismuscles.
Transverse-obliquesuperior insertion:Orbicularis orismuscle
Somatomotor:Via the buccal branch ofthe facial nerve CN7
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the mental nerve of themandibular division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Vertical Motor: 3/4 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 15 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of Du Mai (The Governing Vessel).
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’sline [18]
Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
ChangqiangDU1
None Deep insertion:Anococcygeal ligament
Somatomotor:S2-4 via theinferior anal nerveof the pudendalnerve for theexternal analsphincter
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:S4 via the inferior rectal nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
YaoshuDU2
None Deep insertion:Posterior sacrococcygealligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:S3 via the middle cluneal nervefrom the dorsal ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/20 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falx cerebri
YaoyangguanDU3
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:L4 via the dorsal ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
MingmenDU4
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:L2 via the superior clunealnerve from the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
XuanshuDU5
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:L1 via the superior clunealnerve from the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
JizhongDU6
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T11 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 15 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’sline [18]
Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
ZhongshuDU7
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T10 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
JinsuoDU8
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T9 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ZhiyangDU9
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T7 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
LingtaiDU10
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T6 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShendaoDU11
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T5 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShenzhuDU12
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T3 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
TaodaoDU13
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:T1 via the posterior cutaneous
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebri
branches from the dorsal ramus Sensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
DazhuiDU14
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C8 via the posterior cutaneousbranches from the dorsal ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
YamenDU15
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Supraspinous ligamentNuchal ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C3 via the 3rd occipital nerve
Horizontal Motor: 1/2 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
FengfuDU16
The spinal cord liesdeep to this point.
Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentNuchal ligamentPosterior portion of theposterior atlanto-occipital membrane
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C3 via the 3rd occipital nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/2 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
NaohuDU17
None Deep insertion:Occipitalis muscle
Somatomotor:Temporal branchof the facial nerveCN7
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C2 via the greater occipitalnerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
QiangjianDu18
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C2 via the greater occipitalnerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
HoudingDu19
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C2 via the greater occipitalnerve
Vertical Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
BaihuiDU20
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:C2 via the greater occipitalnerve and the supraorbitalnerve of the ophthalmicdivision of the trigeminal nerveCN5
Anteroposterior Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
QiangdingDU21
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the supraorbital nerve ofthe ophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Anteroposterior Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 15 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Lange sline [ ]
Somatotopic organization in theprimary sensory and motor cortex[21,22]
XinhuiDU22
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the supraorbital nerve ofthe ophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Anter osterior Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShangxingDU23
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the supraorbital nerve ofthe ophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Anter osterior Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
ShentingDU24
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the supraorbital nerve ofthe ophthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Anter osterior Sensory: 1/8 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
SuliaoDU25
Between the majoralar cartilages.
Deep insertion:Loose connective tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the external nasal branchof the anterior ethmoidal nerveof the ophthalmic division ofthe trigeminal nerve CN5
Vertic l Sensory: 2/3 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
RenzhongDU26
None Deep insertion:Orbicularis oris muscleEpimysiumDepressor septi nasimuscle
Somatomotor:Via the buccalbranch of thefacial nerve CN7
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the infraorbital nerve ofthe maxillary division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Horiz tal Sensory: 2/3 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
DuiduanDU27
None Deep insertion:Orbicularis oris muscle
Somatomotor:Via the buccalbranch of thefacial nerve CN7
To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the infraorbital nerve ofthe maxillary division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Horiz tal Sensory: 3/4 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
YinjiaoDU28
At the junction ofthe superior labialgingiva and thealveolar mucosa.
Superior labial gingivaand alveolar mucosa
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis, andsubcutaneous tissue:Via the infraorbital nerve ofthe maxillary division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
None Sensory: 3/4 the distance of thepostcentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the a with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
r’18
op
op
op
a
on
on
rea
Table 16 Neuroanatomical and stratified anatomical catalog of 34 extra points.
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
SishencongEX-HN1
None Shallow insertion:Galea aponeuroticaLoose areolar tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2 via the greateroccipital nerve and viathe supraorbital nerve ofthe ophthalmic divisionof the trigeminal nerveCN5
Anteroposterior Sensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
YintangEX-HN3
Over branches ofthe supratrochlearvessels.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:supratrochlear nerve viathe ophthalmic divisionof the trigeminal nerveCN5
Horizontal Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
YuyaoEX-HN6
Over thesupratrochlearnerve and vessels.
Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:supratrochlear nerve viathe ophthalmic divisionof the trigeminal nerveCN5
Horizontal Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
QiuhouEX-HN8
None Deep insertion:Inferior tarsusInferior palpebralconjunctivaAdipose tissueEpimysiumInferior oblique muscle
Somatomotor:Oculomotor nerveCN3
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the infra-orbitalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
Horizontal Motor: 3/4 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
TaiyangEX-HN9
Between thezygomatico-orbitalartery and thefrontal branch ofthe superficialtemporal vessels.
Deep insertion:Temporalis muscle
Somatomotor:Anterior trunk of themandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerveCN5
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:the auriculotemporalnerve of the mandibulardivision and thezygomaticotemporalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
Vertical Motor: 9/10 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 16 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
ErjianEX-HN10
None Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:The auriculotemporalnerve of the mandibulardivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5 and C2 via thegreat auricular nerve
None Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
BitongEX-HN14
None Shallow insertion Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:via the infraorbitalbranch of the maxillarydivision of the trigeminalnerve CN5
45 degree angleinferior and lateral
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
BailaoEX-HN30
Level with C4. Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumSplenius capitis muscleEpimysiumSemispinalis capitismuscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 fortrapezius muscle.Dorsal rami forsemispinalis capitisand splenius capitismuscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C4 via the posteriorcutaneous branch of thedorsal ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Horizontal Motor: 1/2 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
AnmianEX-HN54
Posterior to thefacial nerve CN7.
Intermediate insertion:SternocleidomastoidmuscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumSplenius capitisEpimysiumLongissimus capitis
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 forsternocleidomastoidmuscle. Posteriorrami of the spinalnerves for longissimuscapitis and spleniuscapitis muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C2 via the lesseroccipital nerve and greatauricular nerveSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 forsternocleidomastoidmuscle
Anteroposterioralong the hair line
Motor: 1/2 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/8 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
JiachengjiangEX-HN18
In the mentalforamen, over thedepressor labii
Deep insertion:Depressor labii inferiormuscle
Somatomotor:Via the marginalmandibular branch of
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:Via the mental nerve of
Vertical Motor: 3/4 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebri
inferioris musclejust medial to thedepressor angulioris muscle.
Mental foramen the facial nerve CN7 the mandibular divisionof the trigeminal nerveCN5
Sensory: 2/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
Jinjin YuyeEX-HN20
None Prick to bleed:MucosaDeep lingual veins
Visceromotor To mucosa: via thelingual nerve of themandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerve CN5
None Sensory: 9/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
DingchuanEX-B1
None Deep insertion:Trapezius muscleEpimysiumSplenius capitis muscleEpimysiumLongissimus capitismuscle
Somatomotor:Spinal accessorynerve CN11 fortrapezius muscle. Anddorsal rami forsplenius capitismuscle andlongissimus muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C8 via the posteriorcutaneous branches fromthe posterior ramusSensory innervation ofepimysium and musclesfollows somatomotorinnervation and C2,3 fortrapezius muscle
Vertical Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
WeiguanxiashuEX-B12
None Intermediate insertion:Latissimus dorsi muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumLongissimus muscle
Somatomotor:Thoracodorsal nerveC6-C8 for latissimusdorsi muscle. Dorsalramus for longissimusmuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T8 via the posteriorcutaneous branches fromthe posterior ramus
Horizontal Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
YaoyanEX-B24
None Deep insertion:Thoracolumbar fasciaEpimysiumIliocostalis lumborummuscle:
Somatomotor:Dorsal rami of thespinal nerves foriliocostalis lumborum
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4 via the dorsal ramus
20 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ShiqizhuixiaEX-B25
None Deep insertion:Supraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligament
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the dorsal ramus
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
HuatuojiajiEX-B35
Medial to theposteriorcutaneousbranches of thedorsal rami.
Intermediate insertion:Spinalis muscleEpimysiumSemispinalis capitismuscle (thoracic points)Deep insertion:
Somatomotor:Via the dorsal rami
See back shu points ofthe bladder channel thatare level with each ofthe Huatuojiaji points
See back shupoints of thebladder channelthat are level witheach of theHuatuojiaji points.
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 16 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
EpimysiumMultifidus muscleEpimysiumRotator brevis muscleSpinal nerve
SanjiaojiuEX-CA23
Moxibustion only. See Shenque (REN8) andWailing (ST26)
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T10,11 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ZigongEX-CA18
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Intermediate insertion:External obliqueaponeurosisDeep insertion:EpimysiumInternal oblique muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T12 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
TituoEX-CA4
Lateral to theinferior epigastricvessels.
Intermediate insertion:External obliqueaponeurosisDeep insertion:EpimysiumInternal oblique muscle
Somatomotor:Ventral rami
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:T11,12 via anteriorcutaneous nerve of theventral ramus
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ShixuanEX-UE1
From branches ofthe digital artery.
Prick to bleed:EpidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissue
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C8 via the superficialbranch of the ulnarnerve, C7 via the medialbranch of the mediannerve C6 via the lateralbranch of the mediannerve
Horizontal Sensory: 4/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
SifengEX-UE9
From branches ofthe palmar digitalarteries.
Prick to bleed:EpidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissueFibrous digital sheath
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6,7,8 via the palmardigital branches of themedian and ulnar nerves
Horizontal Sensory: 4/10 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
BaxieEX-UE22
For the baxie pointbetween the 1st
and 2nd
metacarpal bones,see hegu LI4.Located over thecommon palmardigital vessels andnerves.
Deep insertion:Dorsal interosseousmuscleEpimysiumPalmar interosseousmuscle
Somatomotor:Deep branch of theulnar nerve C8,T1
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6,7,8 via the dorsaldigital branches of theradial and ulnar nerve
Vertical Motor: 1/3 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
YaotongxueEX-UE19
None Deep insertion:Proximal attachment of2nd and 4th dorsalinterossei musclesEpimysiumProximal attachment of1st and 3rd palmarinterossei muscles
Somatomotor:Deep branch of theulnar nerve C8,T1
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7,8 via the dorsalbranch of the ulnar nerveand the superficialbranch of the radialnerve
45 degree angleinferior towardsthe middle finger
Motor: 1/3 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
LuozhenEX-UE24
None Deep insertion:Distal attachment of 2nd
dorsal interosseousmuscleEpimysiumDistal attachment of 1st
palmar interosseousmuscle
Somatomotor:Deep branch of theulnar nerve C8,T1
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via the superficialbranch of the radialnerve
45 degree angleinferior towardsthe middle finger
Motor: 1/3 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/3 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ErbaiEX-UE29
None Deep insertion:Distal end of themuscular part of flexordigitorum superficialismuscle
Somatomotor:Via the median nerve.C7,8,T1 for flexordigitorumsuperficialis
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C6, T1 via the anteriorbranch of the medial andlateral cutaneous nervesof the forearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
ZhoujianEX-UE46
Moxibustion only EpidermisDermisSubcutaneous tissuePeriosteum of theolecranon of the ulna
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C7 via posteriorcutaneous nerve of theforearm
Vertical Motor: 1/5 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/4 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
JianqianEX-UE48
On the anteriorboarder of theanterior deltoidmuscle where itmeets the superiorboarder of the
Intermediate insertion:Anterior deltoid muscleEpimysiumPectoralis major muscleDeep insertion:Epimysium
Somatomotor: C5,6 toclavicular head ofpectoralis major vialateral pectoral nerveand via axillary nervefor the anterior
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:C5 via the superiorlateral cutaneous nerveof the arm
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: 1/6 the distance of theprecentral gyrus lateral to thefalx cerebriSensory: 1/5 the distance ofthe postcentral gyrus lateral tothe falx cerebri
(continued on next page )
Table 16 (continued )
Acupuncturepoint [16,17]
Additionalspecification onlocation [18e20]
Anatomical path of theneedle [18e20]
Motor innervation[18]
Sensory innervation anddermatome* [18,19]
Langer’s line [18] Somatotopic organization inthe primary sensory and motorcortex [21,22]
pectoralis majormuscle. Superiorto the bicepstendons andcoracobrachialismuscle.
Subscapularis tendon deltoid. C5,6,7 viathe upper and lowersubscapular nerves
BaichongwoEX-LE34
None Deep insertion:Vastus medialis muscle
Somatomotor:L2,3,4 via the femoralnerve for vastusmedialis muscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3 via anterior cutaneousbranch of the femoralnerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
HedingEX-LE27
None Deep insertion:Quadriceps femoristendon
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4 via the anteriorcutaneous branches ofthe femoral nerve
Horizontal Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
XiyanEX-LE16
Only the medialxiyan noted here.For the lateralxiyan see dubi(ST35).
Intermediate insertion:Fibrous layerDeep insertion:Adipose tissue of themedial alar foldSynovial membraneJoint space
Visceromotor To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L3,4 via the anteriorcutaneous branches ofthe femoral nerve andinfrapatellar branch ofthe saphenous nerve
Horizontal Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
LanweixueEX-LE13
Medial to the deepfibular nerve andanterior tibialartery.
Intermediate insertion:Tibialis anterior muscleDeep insertion:Interosseous membraneEpimysiumTibialis posterior muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the fibularnerve for tibialisanterior muscle andvia the tibial nervefor tibialis posteriormuscle
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L4,5 via the lateral suralcutaneous nerve andsaphenous nerve
Vertical Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentral
gyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
DannangxueEX-LE23
Between thesuperficial anddeep fibularnerves.
Intermediate insertion:Fibularis longus muscleDeep insertion:EpimysiumExtensor digitorumlongus muscle
Somatomotor:L4,5 via the deepfibular nerve forextensor digitorumlongus. L5,S1,2 viathe superficial fibularnerve for fibularislongus
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5, S1 via the lateralsural cutaneous nervefrom the common fibularnerve
45 degree angleinferior andmedial
Motor: at the most superior andmedial aspect of the precentralgyrus, adjacent to the falxcerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
BafengEX-LE8
See taichong (LV3)for the bafengpoint between the1st and 2nd digits.
Deep insertion:Dorsal interosseousmuscleEpimysiumPlantar interosseousmuscle
Somatomotor:S2,3 via the lateralplantar nerve for thedorsal and plantarinterossei muscles
To epidermis, dermis,and subcutaneous tissue:L5 via the deep fibularnerve, via the superficialfibular nerve and S1 viathe superficial fibularnerve
Vertical Motor: Sensory: 3/4 thedistance of the vertical sectionof the homunculus of theprecentral gyrus adjacent tothe falx cerebriSensory: 1/2 the distance ofthe vertical section of thehomunculus of the postcentralgyrus adjacent to the falxcerebri
* Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area with the highest concentration of sensory fibersassociated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 17 Acupuncture points of muscles and ligaments.*
Structures Acupuncture points
HeadDepressor labii inferioris muscle Jiachengjiang EX-HN18Depressor septi nasi muscle Renzhong DU26Galea aponeurotica Meichong BL3; Quchai BL4; Wuchu BL5; Chengguang BL6; Tongtian BL7; Luoque
BL8; Yuzhen BL9; Benshen GB13; Toulinqi GB15; Muchuang GB16; Zhengying GB17;Chengling GB18; Naokong GB19; Qiangjian Du18; Houding Du19; Baihui DU20;Qiangding DU21; Xinhui DU22; Shangxing DU23; Shenting DU24; Sishencong EX-HN1
Genioglossus muscle Lianquan REN23Geniohyoid muscle Lianquan REN23Lateral pterygoid muscle Xiaguan ST7Levator labii superioris muscle Juliao ST3Masseter muscle Jiache ST6; Xiaguan ST7Mylohyoid muscle Lianquan REN23Occipitalis muscle Naohu DU17Posterior belly of the digastric muscle Tianrong SI17; Yifeng SJ17Orbicularis oculi muscle Jingming BL1Orbicularis oris muscle Kouheliao LI19; Chengqiang REN24; Renzhong DU26; Duiduan DU27Superior labial gingiva and alveolar mucosa Yinjiao DU28Temperomandibular joint Tinggong SI19; Ermen SJ21; Tinghui GB2Temporalis muscle Xiaguan ST7; Jiaosun SJ20; Erheliao SJ22; Shangguan GB3; Handan GB4; Xuanlu
GB5; Xuanli GB6; Qubin GB7; Shuaigu GB8; Tianchong GB9; Taiyang EX-HN9
EyeInferior oblique muscle Chengqi ST1; Qiuhou EX-HN8Medial rectus muscle Jingming BL1
NeckAnterior scalene muscle Tianding LI17Middle scalene muscle Tianchuang SI16Omohyoid muscle Renying ST9; Quepen ST12Platysma muscle Tianding LI17; Futu LI18; Daying ST5; Renying ST9; Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11;
Tianchuang SI16Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Fengchi GB20;Sternocleidomastoid muscle Futu LI18; Wangu GB12; Anmian EX-HN54Sternohyoid muscle Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11Sternothyroid muscle Shuitu ST10Styloglossus muscle Tianrong SI17Stylohyoid muscle Tianrong SI17; Yifeng SJ17Stylopharyngeus muscle Yifeng SJ17Thyrohyoid muscle Renying ST9
Posterior trunkBroad tendon of erector spinae muscles Xiaochangshu BL27; Pangguangshu BL28; Zhonglushu BL29; Shangliao BL31; Ciliao
BL32; Zhongliao BL33; Xialiao BL34Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Huangmen BL51; Zhishi BL52; Yaoyan EX-B24Latissimus dorsi muscle Geshu BL17; Ganshu BL18; Danshu BL19; Pishu BL20; Weishu BL21; Sanjiaoshu
BL22; Shenshu BL23; Qihaishu BL24; Dachangshu BL25; Guanyuanshu BL26; GeguanBL46; Hunmen BL47; Yanggang BL48; Yishe BL49; Weicang BL50; Huangmen BL51;Zhishi BL52; Weiguanxiashu EX-B12
Levator scapulae muscle Jianwaishu SI14; Jianzhongshu SI 15; Tianliao SJ15; Tianyou SJ16Longissimus muscle Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12; Feishu BL13; Jueyinshu BL14; Xinshu BL15; Dushu
BL16; Geshu BL17; Ganshu BL18; Danshu BL19; Pishu BL20; Weishu BL21;Sanjiaoshu BL22; Shenshu BL23; Qihaishu BL24; Dachangshu BL25; GuanyuanshuBL26; Weiguanxiashu EX-B12
Longissimus capitis muscle Wangu GB12; Anmian EX-HN54; Dingchuan EX-B1Multifidus muscle Huatuojiaji EX-B35Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Tianzhu BL10Rhomboid major muscle Fengmen BL12; Feishu BL13; Jueyinshu BL14; Xinshu BL15; Pohu BL42;
Gaohuangshu BL43; Shentang BL44; Yixi BL45
Table 17 (continued )
Structures Acupuncture points
Rhomboid minor muscle Dazhu BL11; Fufen BL41Rotator brevis muscle Huatuojiaji EX-B35Semispinalis capitis Tianzhu BL10; Fengchi GB20; Bailao EX-HN30; Huatuojiaji EX-B35Serratus anterior muscle: Dabao SP21; Yuanye GB22; Zhejin GB23Serratus posterior inferior muscle Pishu BL20; Weishu BL21; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Hunmen BL47; Yanggang BL48; Yishe
BL49; Weicang BL50Serratus posterior superior muscle Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12Spinalis muscle Huatuojiaji EX-B35Splenius capitis muscle Tianzhu BL10; Wangu GB12; Bailao EX-HN30; Anmian EX-HN54; Dingchuan EX-B1Trapezius muscle Bingfeng SI12; Quyuan SI13; Jianwaishu SI14; Jianzhongshu SI 15; Tianzhu BL10;
Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12; Feishu BL13; Jueyinshu BL14; Xinshu BL15; DushuBL16; Geshu BL17; Fufen BL41; Pohu BL42; Gaohuangshu BL43; Shentang BL44; YixiBL45;Geguan BL46; Tianliao SJ15; Fengchi GB20; Jianjing GB21; Bailao EX-HN30;Dingchuan EX-B1
Anterior trunkExternal intercostal muscle Rugen ST18; Shidou SP17; Tianxi SP18; Dabao SP21; Bulang KI22; Lingxu KI24;
Shencang KI25; Yuzhong KI26; Tianchi PC1; Yuanye GB22; Zhejin GB23; RiyueGB24; Qimen LR14
External oblique muscle Riyue GB24; Jingmen GB25; Daimai GB26; Wushu GB27; Zhangmen LR13; QimenLR14
Internal oblique muscle Jingmen GB25; Daimai GB26; Wushu GB27; Weidai GB28; Zhangmen LR13; ZigongEX-CA18; Tituo EX-CA4
Linea alba Qugu REN2; Zhongji REN3; Guanyuan REN4; Shimen REN5; Qihai REN6; YinjiaoREN7; Shuifen REN9; Xiawan REN10; Jianli REN11; Zhongwan REN12; ShangwanREN13; Juque REN14; Jiuwei REN15
Linea semilunaris Fujie SP14; Daheng SP15; Fuai SP16Pyramidalis muscle Henggu KI11Rectus abdominis muscle Burong ST19; Chengman ST20; Liangmen ST21; Guanmen ST22; Taiyi ST23;
Huaroumen ST24; Tianshu ST25; Wailing ST26; Daju ST27; Shuidao ST28; GuilaiST29; Henggu KI11; Dahe KI12; Qixue KI13; Siman KI14; Zhongzhu KI15; HuangshuKI16; Shangqu KI17; Shiguan KI18; Yindu KI19; Futonggu KI20; Youmen KI21; BulangKI22
ShoulderAnterior deltoid muscle Yunmen LU2; Binao LI14; Jianyu LI15; Jianqian EX-UE48Infraspinatus Naoshu SI10; Tianzong SI11; Jianliao SJ14Middle deltoid muscle Jianliao SJ14Pectoralis major muscle Zhongfu LU1; Yunmen LU2; Qihu ST13; Kufang ST14; Wuyi ST15; Yingchuang ST16;
Tianxi SP18; Xiongxiang SP19; Zhourong SP20; Shenfeng KI23; Lingxu KI24;Shencang KI25; Yuzhong KI26; Shufu KI27; Tianchi PC1; Jianqian EX-UE48
Posterior deltoid muscle Jianzhen SI9; Naoshu SI10; Naohui SJ13; Jianliao SJ14Subclavius muscle Shufu KI27Subscapularis muscle Jiquan HT1Subscapularis tendon Jianqian EX-UE48Supraspinatus muscle Jugu LI16; Bingfeng SI12; Quyuan SI13Supraspinatus tendon Jianyu LI15Teres major muscle Jianzhen SI9Teres minor muscle Jianzhen SI9
ArmBiceps brachii muscle Tianfu LU3; Xiabai LU4; Qingling HT2; Tianquan PC2Brachialis muscle Xiabai LU4; Chize LU5; Shouwuli LI13; Binao LI14; Qingling HT2; Shaohai HT 3Coracobrachialis Tianquan PC2Triceps brachii muscle Jianzhen SI9; Tianjing SJ10; Qinglengyuan SJ11; Xiaoluo SJ12; Naohui SJ13
ForearmAbductor pollicis longus muscle Pianli LI6; Zhigou SJ6; Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9Brachioradialis muscle Chize LU5; Kongzui LU6; Quchi LI11; Zhouliao LI12; Shouwuli LI13
(continued on next page)
Table 17 (continued)
Structures Acupuncture points
Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Pianli LI6; Wenliu LI7; Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Pianli LI6; Wenliu LI7; Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10; Quchi LI11;
Zhouliao LI12;Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Huizong SJ7; Sidu SJ9Extensor digiti minimi muscle Huizong SJ7Extensor digitorum muscle Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9Extensor indicis muscle Huizong SJ7Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Pianli LI6; Waiguan SJ5; Zhigou SJ6Extensor pollicis longus muscle Waiguan SJ5Flexor carpi radialis muscle Ximen PC4Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Zhizheng SI7Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Zhizheng SI7; Ximen PC4Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Kongzui LU6; Ximen PC4; Jianshi PC5; Neiguan PC6; Erbai EX-UE29Flexor pollicis longus muscle Kongzui LU6; Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9Median nerve Quze PC3; Ximen PC4; Jianshi PC5; Neiguan PC6Palmaris longus muscle Ximen PC4Pronator quadratus muscle Kongzui LU6; Jingqu LU8; Yanglao SI6; Waiguan SJ5; Zhigou SJ6; Huizong SJ7Pronator teres muscle Shaohai HT 3; Quze PC3Supinator muscle Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10
HandAbductor digiti minimi muscle Qiangu SI2; Wangu SI4Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Yuji LU10Adductor pollicis muscle Hegu LI4; Laogong PC8; Baxie EX-UE22Carpal tunnel Daling PC7Dorsal interossei muscles Erjian LI2; Sanjian LI3; Hegu LI4; Yemen SJ2; Zhongzhu SJ3; Baxie EX-UE22;
Yaotongxue EX-UE19; Luozhen EX-UE24Lumbrical muscle Erjian LI2; Sanjian LI3; Shaofu HT8; Houxi SI3; Laogong PC8; ; Zhongzhu SJ3Opponens digiti minimi muscle Houxi SI3Opponens pollicis muscle Yuji LU10Palmar interossei muscles Yemen SJ2; Zhongzhu SJ3; Baxie EX-UE22; Yaotongxue EX-UE19; Luozhen EX-UE24
PelvisIliococcygeus muscle Huiyang BL35Muscles of attachment to the anococcygealligamentExternal anal sphincter
Changqiang DU1
Muscles of attachment to the perineal body:external anal sphincter, superficialtransverse perineal, and bulbospongiosusmuscles
Huiyin REN1
Upper legAdductor longus muscle Jimen SP11; Zuwuli LR10;Adductor magnus muscle Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37; Yinbao LR9Biceps femoris long head Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37Biceps femoris muscle: short head Fengshi GB31; Zhongdu GB32; Xiyangguan GB33Gluteus maximus muscle Baihuanshu BL30; Huiyang BL35; Baohuang BL53; Zhibian BL54; Huantiao GB30Gluteus medius muscle Baohuang BL53; Zhibian BL54Gluteus minimus muscle Juliao GB29Iliacus muscle Fushe SP13Pectineus muscle Yinlian LR11; Jimai LR12Piriformis muscle Huantiao GB30Psoas major muscle Chongmen Sp12Quadriceps femoris tendon Heding EX-LE27Rectus femoris muscle Biguan ST31; Futu ST32Sartorius muscle Ququan LR8Semimembranosus muscle Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37Semitendinosus muscle Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37
Table 17 (continued )
Structures Acupuncture points
Tensor fascia lata muscle Juliao GB29Vastus intermedius muscle Biguan ST31; Futu ST32; Yinshi ST33Vastus lateralis muscle Futu ST32; Yinshi ST33; Liangqiu ST34; Fengshi GB31; Zhongdu GB32Vastus medialis muscle Xuehai SP10; Jimen SP11; Yinbao LR9; Baichongwo EX-LE34
Lower legExtensor digitorum longus muscle Fenglong ST40; Yanglingquan GB34; Waiqiu GB36; Guangming GB37; Yangfu GB38;
Dannangxue EX-LE23Extensor hallucis longus muscle Fenglong ST40; Guangming GB37; Yangfu GB38Fibularis brevis muscle Yangjiao GB35; Waiqiu GB36; Guangming GB37; Xuanzhong GB39Fibularis longus muscle Yanglingquan GB34; Yangjiao GB35; Waiqiu GB36; Dannangxue EX-LE23Fibularis tertius muscle Yangfu GB38Flexor digitorum longus muscle Sanyinjiao SP6; Lougu SP7; Jiaoxin KI8; Ligou LR5; Zhongdu LR6Flexor hallucis longus muscle Fuyang BL59; Yangjiao GB35; Xuanzhong GB39Gastrocnemius muscle Yinlingquan SP9; Weiyang BL39; Heyang BL55; Chengjin BL56; Chengshan BL57;
Feiyang BL58; Zhubin KI9; Yingu KI10; Ququan LR8Knee joint Dubi ST35; Xiyan EX-LE16Plantaris muscle Fuxi BL38; Heyang BL55;Popliteus muscle Yinlingquan SP9; Heyang BL55; Xiguan LR7Soleus muscle Diji SP8; Chengjin BL56; Chengshan BL57; Feiyang BL58; Fuyang BL59; Fuliu KI7;
Zhubin KI9;Tibialis anterior muscle Zusanli ST36; Shangjuxu ST37; Tiaokou ST38; Xiajuxu ST39; Fenglong ST40;
Lanweixue EX-LE13Tibialis posterior muscle Zusanli ST36; Shangjuxu ST37; Tiaokou ST38; Xiajuxu ST39; Fenglong ST40; Lougu
SP7; Diji SP8; Guangming GB37; Yangfu GB38; Ligou LR5; Zhongdu LR6; LanweixueEX-LE13
FootAbductor digiti minimi muscle Jinmen BL63; Jinggu BL64; Shugu BL65Abductor hallucis muscle Gongsun SP4; Rangu KI2Adductor hallucis muscle Yongquan KI1; Taichong LR3Dorsal interosseous muscle Xiangu ST43; Zulinqi GB41; Diwuhui GB42; Taichong LR3; Bafeng EX-LE8Plantar interosseous muscle Xiangu ST43; Yongquan KI1; Zulinqi GB41; Diwuhui GB42; Bafeng EX-LE8Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Qiuxu GB40; Zulinqi GB41Extensor hallucis brevis muscle Chongyang ST42Flexor hallucis brevis muscle Taibai SP3; Gongsun SP4; Taichong LR3Lumbrical muscle Yongquan KI1Talocrural joint Jiexi ST41
Ligaments
Anococcygeal ligament Changqiang DU1Calcaneofibular ligament Shenmai BL62Conjoint tendon Qichong ST30Deep transverse metatarsal ligament Neiting ST44; Xiaxi GB43; Xingjian LR2Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments Chongyang ST42Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament Yangchi SJ4Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament Qiuxu GB40Interspinous ligament Yaoyangguan DU3; Mingmen DU4; Xuanshu DU5; Jizhong DU6; Zhongshu DU7;
Jinsuo DU8; Zhiyang DU9; Lingtai DU10; Shendao DU11; Shenzhu DU12; TaodaoDU13; Dazhui DU14; Yamen DU15; Fengfu DU16; Shiqizhuixia EX-B25
Medial (deltoid) ligament of the ankle Zhaohai KI6; Zhongfeng LR4Median umbilical ligaments Shenque REN8; Sanjiaojiu EX-CA23Midcarpal joint between the scaphoid andtrapezium bones
Yangxi LI5
Nuchal ligament Yamen DU15; Fengfu DU16Palmar carpal ligament Lingdao HT4; Tongli HT5; Yinxi HT6; Shenmen HT7; Daling PC7Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Yaoshu DU2Radial carpal ligament Yangchi SJ4Radial collateral ligament of the wrist Taiyuan LU9
(continued on next page)
Table 17 (continued)
Structures Acupuncture points
Supraspinous ligament Yaoyangguan DU3; Mingmen DU4; Xuanshu DU5; Jizhong DU6; Zhongshu DU7;Jinsuo DU8; Zhiyang DU9; Lingtai DU10; Shendao DU11; Shenzhu DU12; TaodaoDU13; Dazhui DU14; Yamen DU15; Fengfu DU16; Shiqizhuixia EX-B25
Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow Xiaohai SI8Ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist Yanggu SI5Ulnocarpal ligaments Yanggu SI5
* Derived from Tables 1e15.
Table 18 Acupuncture points by dermatome.*
Dermatomesy Acupuncture points
C2 Daying ST5; Jiache ST6; Tianrong SI17; Luoque BL8; Yuzhen BL9; Tianzhu BL10; Tianyou SJ16;Yifeng SJ17; Qimai SJ18; Luxi SJ19; Jiaosun SJ20; Tinghui GB2; Shuaigu GB8; Tianchong GB9; FubaiGB10; Touqiaoyin GB11; Wangu GB12; Chengling GB18; Naokong GB19; Lianquan REN23; NaohuDU17; Qiangjian Du18; Houding Du19; Baihui DU20; Sishencong EX-HN1; Erjian EX-HN10; AnmianEX-HN54
C3 Renying ST9; Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11; Tianchuang SI16; Tianrong SI17; Tianyou SJ16; FengchiGB20; Yamen DU15; Fengfu DU16
C4 Jugu LI16; Tianding LI17; Futu LI18; Qishe ST11; Quepen ST12; Tianchuang SI16; Tiantu REN22;Bailao EX-HN30
C5 Tianfu LU3; Xiabai LU4; Chize LU5; Kongzui LU6; Jianyu LI15; Jugu LI16; Daling PC7; Jianjing GB21;Xuanji REN21; Tiantu REN22; Jianqian EX-UE48
C6 Kongzui LU6; Lieque LU7; Jingqu LU8; Taiyuan LU9; Yuji LU10; Shaoshang LU11; Hegu LI4; YangxiLI5; Pianli LI6; Wenliu LI7; Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10; Quchi LI11; Zhouliao LI12;Shouwuli LI13; Binao LI14; Jianyu LI15; Naoshu SI10; Jianzhongshu SI 15; Ximen PC4; Jianshi PC5;Neiguan PC6; Daling PC7; Jianliao SJ14; Jianjing GB21; Shixuan EX-UE1; Sifeng EX-UE9; Baxie EX-UE22; Erbai EX-UE29
C7 Shangyang LI1; Erjian LI2; Sanjian LI3; Hegu LI4; Yanglao SI6; Jianzhen SI9; Naoshu SI10; BingfengSI12; Jianwaishu SI14; Daling PC7; Laogong PC8; Zhongchong PC9; Yangchi SJ4; Waiguan SJ5;Zhigou SJ6; Huizong SJ7; Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9; Tianjing SJ10; Qinglengyuan SJ11; XiaoluoSJ12; Naohui SJ13; Jianliao SJ14; Tianliao SJ15; Shixuan EX-UE1; Sifeng EX-UE9Baxie EX-UE22;Yaotongxue EX-UE19; Luozhen EX-UE24; Zhoujian EX-UE46
C8 Qingling HT2; Shaohai HT 3; Lingdao HT4; Tongli HT5; Yinxi HT6; Shenmen HT7; Shaofu HT8;Shaochong HT9; Shaoze SI1; Qiangu SI2; Houxi SI3; Wangu SI4; Yanggu SI5; Yanglao SI6; ZhizhengSI7; Xiaohai SI8; Jianzhen SI9; Quyuan SI13; Daling PC7; Yemen SJ2; Zhongzhu SJ3; Yangchi SJ4;Huizong SJ7; Dazhui DU14; Dingchuan EX-B1; Shixuan EX-UE1; Sifeng EX-UE9Baxie EX-UE22;Yaotongxue EX-UE19
T1 Zhongfu LU1; Yunmen LU2; Qihu ST13; Kufang ST14; Jiquan HT1; Qingling HT2; Shaohai HT 3;Quyuan SI13; Dazhu BL11; Yuzhong KI26; Shufu KI27; Tianquan PC2; Quze PC3; Ximen PC4; JianshiPC5; Neiguan PC6; Daling PC7; Huagai REN20; Xuanji REN21; Taodao DU13; Huatuojiaji EX-B35;Erbai EX-UE29
T2 Zhongfu LU1; Wuyi ST15; Zhourong SP20; Jiquan HT1; Fengmen BL12; Fufen BL41; Shencang KI25;Tianquan PC2; Zigong REN19; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T3 Yingchuang ST16; Xiongxiang SP19; Tianzong SI11; Feishu BL13; Pohu BL42; Lingxu KI24; YutangREN18; Shenzhu DU12; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T4 Tianxi SP18; Jueyinshu BL14; Gaohuangshu BL43; Shenfeng KI23; Tianchi PC1; Shanzhong REN17;Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T5 Rugen ST18; Shidou SP17; Xinshu BL15; Shentang BL44; Bulang KI22; Yuanye GB22; Zhejin GB23;Zhongting REN16; Shendao DU11; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T6 Dushu BL16; Yixi BL45;Youmen KI21; Qimen LR14; Juque REN14; Jiuwei REN15; Lingtai DU10;Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T7 Burong ST19; Chengman ST20; Liangmen ST21; Dabao SP21; Geshu BL17; Geguan BL46; Yindu KI19;Futonggu KI20; Youmen KI21; Riyue GB24; Zhongwan REN12; Shangwan REN13; Juque REN14;Zhiyang DU9; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
Table 18 (continued )
Dermatomesy Acupuncture points
T8 Liangmen ST21; Guanmen ST22; Taiyi ST23; Fujie SP14; Fuai SP16; Yindu KI19; Guangchong SJ1;Zhongwan REN12; Weiguanxiashu EX-B12; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T9 Taiyi ST23; Huaroumen ST24; Daheng SP15; Ganshu BL18; Hunmen BL47; Shangqu KI17; ShiguanKI18; Shuifen REN9; Xiawan REN10; Jianli REN11; Jinsuo DU8; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
T10 Tianshu ST25; Wailing ST26; Fujie SP14; Daheng SP15; Danshu BL19; Yanggang BL48; ZhongzhuKI15; Huangshu KI16; Qihai REN6; Yinjiao REN7; Shenque REN8; Shuifen REN9; Zhongshu DU7;Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Sanjiaojiu EX-CA23
T11 Daju ST27; Shuidao ST28; Fujie SP14; Pishu BL20; Yishe BL49; Qixue KI13; Siman KI14; ZhangmenLR13; Guanyuan REN4; Shimen REN5; Jizhong DU6; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Sanjiaojiu EX-CA23; TituoEX-CA4
T12 Guilai ST29; Qichong ST30; Fushe SP13; Weishu BL21; Weicang BL50; Henggu KI11; Dahe KI12;Jingmen GB25; Daimai GB26; Wushu GB27; Weidai GB28; Jimai LR12; Qugu REN2; Zhongji REN3;Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Zigong EX-CA18; Tituo EX-CA4
L1 Chongmen Sp12; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Huangmen BL51; Zuwuli LR10; Yinlian LR11; Jimai LR12;Xuanshu DU5; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
L2 Biguan ST31; Dachangshu BL25; Zhishi BL52; Juliao GB29; Zuwuli LR10; Mingmen DU4; HuatuojiajiEX-B35
L3 Futu ST32; Yinlingquan SP9; Xuehai SP10; Jimen SP11; Qihaishu BL24; Zhubin KI9; Yingu KI10;Juliao GB29; Zhongdu LR6; Xiguan LR7; Ququan LR8; Yinbao LR9; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; BaichongwoEX-LE34
L4 Futu ST32; Yinshi ST33; Liangqiu ST34; Dubi ST35; Zusanli ST36; Yinbai SP1; Dadu SP2; Taibai SP3;Gongsun SP4; Shangqiu SP5; Sanyinjiao SP6; Lougu SP7; Diji SP8; Rangu KI2; Taixi KI3; Dazhong KI4;Shuiquan KI5; Zhaohai KI6; Fuliu KI7; Jiaoxin KI8; Zhubin KI9; Fengshi GB31; Zhongdu GB32;Zhongfeng LR4; Ligou LR5; Zhongdu LR6; Yaoyangguan DU3; Yaoyan EX-B24; Huatuojiaji EX-B35;Heding EX-LE27; Xiyan EX-LE16; Lanweixue EX-LE13
L5 Shangjuxu ST37; Tiaokou ST38; Xiajuxu ST39; Fenglong ST40; Jiexi ST41; Chongyang ST42; XianguST43; Neiting ST44; Lidui ST45; Shenshu BL23; Guanyuanshu BL26; Yongquan KI1; Fengshi GB31;Zhongdu GB32; Xiyangguan GB33; Yanglingquan GB34; Yangjiao GB35; Waiqiu GB36; Dadun LR1;Xingjian LR2; Taichong LR3; Zhongfeng LR4; Shiqizhuixia EX-B25; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Xiyan EX-LE16; Lanweixue EX-LE13; Dannangxue EX-LE23; Bafeng EX-LE8
S1 Xiaochangshu BL27; Pangguangshu BL28; Shangliao BL31; Ciliao BL32; Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37;Fuxi BL38; Weiyang BL39; Weizhong BL40; Heyang BL55; Chengjin BL56; Chengshan BL57; FeiyangBL58; Fuyang BL59; Kunlun BL60; Pucan BL61; Shenmai BL62; Jinmen BL63; Jinggu BL64; ShuguBL65; Zutonggu BL66; Zhiyin BL67; Huantiao GB30; Xiyangguan GB33; Yanglingquan GB34;Guangming GB37; Yangfu GB38; Xuanzhong GB39; Qiuxu GB40; Zulinqi GB41; Diwuhui GB42; XiaxiGB43; Zuqiaoyin GB44; Dannangxue EX-LE23; Bafeng EX-LE8
S2 Pangguangshu BL28; Zhonglushu BL29; Ciliao BL32; Zhongliao BL33; Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37;Weizhong BL40; Baohuang BL53; Zhibian BL54; Heyang BL55; Rangu KI2; Taixi KI3; Dazhong KI4;Shuiquan KI5; Zhaohai KI6; Fuliu KI7;
S3 Baihuanshu BL30; ; Xialiao BL34; Yaoshu DU2S4 Huiyang BL35; Huiyin REN1; Changqiang DU1
Cranial nervesMaxillary division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Kouheliao LI19; Yangxiang LI20; Chengqi ST1; Sibai ST2; Juliao ST3; Dicang ST4; Touwei ST8;Quanliao SI18; Sizhukong SJ23; Tongziliao GB1; Renzhong DU26; Duiduan DU27; Yinjiao DU28;Qiuhou EX-HN8; Taiyang EX-HN9; Bitong EX-HN14
Mandibular division ofthe trigeminal nerveCN5
Dicang ST4; Daying ST5; Jiache ST6; Xiaguan ST7; Touwei ST8; Tinggong SI19; Jiaosun SJ20; ErmenSJ21; Erheliao SJ22; Shangguan GB3; Handan GB4; Xuanlu GB5; Xuanli GB6; Qubin GB7;Chengqiang REN24; Taiyang EX-HN9; Erjian EX-HN10; Jiachengjiang EX-HN18; Jinjin Yuye EX-HN20
Opthalmic division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Touwei ST8; Jingming BL1; Zanzhu BL2; Meichong BL3; Quchai BL4; Wuchu BL5; Chengguang BL6;Tongtian BL7; Sizhukong SJ23; Benshen GB13; Yangbai GB14; Toulinqi GB15; Muchuang GB16;Zhengying GB17; Chengling GB18; Baihui DU20; Qiangding DU21; Xinhui DU22; Shangxing DU23;Shenting DU24; Suliao DU25; Sishencong EX-HN1; Yintang EX-HN3; Yuyao EX-HN6
* Derived from Tables 1e15.y Dermatomes share boarders with neighboring dermatomes and are not clean-cut and exclusive areas; rather they represent the area
with the highest concentration of sensory fibers associated with a specific dorsal root ganglion and a specific area of the sensory cortex.
Table 19 Acupuncture points by myotome.*
Myotome Acupuncture points
C1 Renying ST9; Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11; Quepen ST12; Tianzhu BL10; Fengchi GB20; LianquanREN23
C2 Renying ST9; Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11; Quepen ST12; Wangu GB12; Lianquan REN23, Anmian EX-HN54
C3 Renying ST9; Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11; Quepen ST12; Jianwaishu SI14; Jianzhongshu SI 15;Tianchuang SI16; Tianliao SJ15; Tianyou SJ16
C4 Jianyu LI15; Jugu LI16; Tianding LI17; Bingfeng SI12; Quyuan SI13; Jianwaishu SI14;Jianzhongshu SI 15; Tianchuang SI16; Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12; Feishu BL13; Jueyinshu BL14;Xinshu BL15; Fufen BL41; Pohu BL42; Gaohuangshu BL43; Shentang BL44; Yixi BL45;TianliaoSJ15; Tianyou SJ16; Bailao EX-HN30
C5 Zhongfu LU1; Yunmen LU2; Tianfu LU3; Xiabai LU4; Chize LU5; Kongzui LU6; Quchi LI11;Zhouliao LI12; Shouwuli LI13; Binao LI14; Jianyu LI15; Jugu LI16; Tianding LI17; Dabao SP21;Jiquan HT1; Qingling HT2; Shaohai HT 3; Jianzhen SI9; Naoshu SI10; Tianzong SI11; BingfengSI12; Quyuan SI13; Jianwaishu SI14; Jianzhongshu SI 15; Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12; FeishuBL13; Jueyinshu BL14; Xinshu BL15; Fufen BL41; Pohu BL42; Gaohuangshu BL43; ShentangBL44; Yixi BL45;Shufu KI27; Tianquan PC2; Naohui SJ13; Jianliao SJ14; Tianliao SJ15; TianyouSJ16; Jianqian EX-UE48
C6 Zhongfu LU1; Yunmen LU2; Tianfu LU3; Xiabai LU4; Chize LU5; Kongzui LU6; Pianli LI6; WenliuLI7; Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10; Quchi LI11; Zhouliao LI12; Shouwuli LI13; BinaoLI14; Jianyu LI15; Jugu LI16; Tianding LI17; Dabao SP21; Jiquan HT1; Qingling HT2; Shaohai HT3; Jianzhen SI9; Naoshu SI10; Tianzong SI11; Bingfeng SI12; Quyuan SI13; Geshu BL17; GanshuBL18; Danshu BL19; Pishu BL20; Weishu BL21; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Shenshu BL23; Qihaishu BL24;Dachangshu BL25; Guanyuanshu BL26; Geguan BL46; Hunmen BL47; Yanggang BL48; YisheBL49; Weicang BL50; Huangmen BL51; Zhishi BL52; Shufu KI27; Tianquan PC2; Quze PC3; XimenPC4; Tianjing SJ10; Qinglengyuan SJ11; Xiaoluo SJ12; Naohui SJ13; Jianliao SJ14;Weiguanxiashu EX-B12; Jianqian EX-UE48
C7 Chize LU5; Kongzui LU6; Pianli LI6; Wenliu LI7; Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10; QuchiLI11; Zhouliao LI12; Shouwuli LI13; Binao LI14; Qihu ST13; Kufang ST14; Wuyi ST15; YingchuangST16; Tianxi SP18; Xiongxiang SP19; Zhourong SP20; Dabao SP21; Jiquan HT1; Qingling HT2;Shaohai HT 3; Zhizheng SI7; Jianzhen SI9; Geshu BL17; Ganshu BL18; Danshu BL19; Pishu BL20;Weishu BL21; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Shenshu BL23; Qihaishu BL24; Dachangshu BL25; GuanyuanshuBL26; Geguan BL46; Hunmen BL47; Yanggang BL48; Yishe BL49; Weicang BL50; Huangmen BL51;Zhishi BL52; Shenfeng KI23; Lingxu KI24; Shencang KI25; Yuzhong KI26; Shufu KI27; Tianchi PC1;Tianquan PC2; Quze PC3; Ximen PC4; Jianshi PC5; Neiguan PC6; Waiguan SJ5; Zhigou SJ6;Huizong SJ7; Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9; Tianjing SJ10; Qinglengyuan SJ11; Xiaoluo SJ12; NaohuiSJ13; Weiguanxiashu EX-B12; Erbai EX-UE29; Jianqian EX-UE48
C8 Kongzui LU6; Jingqu LU8; Yuji LU10; Erjian LI2; Sanjian LI3; Hegu LI4; Pianli LI6; Wenliu LI7;Xialian LI8; Shanglian LI9; Shousanli LI10; Qihu ST13; Kufang ST14; Wuyi ST15; Yingchuang ST16;Tianxi SP18; Xiongxiang SP19; Zhourong SP20; Shaofu HT8; Qiangu SI2; Houxi SI3; Wangu SI4;Yanglao SI6; Zhizheng SI7; Jianzhen SI9; Geshu BL17; Ganshu BL18; Danshu BL19; Pishu BL20;Weishu BL21; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Shenshu BL23; Qihaishu BL24; Dachangshu BL25; GuanyuanshuBL26; Geguan BL46; Hunmen BL47; Yanggang BL48; Yishe BL49; Weicang BL50; Huangmen BL51;Zhishi BL52; Shenfeng KI23; Lingxu KI24; Shencang KI25; Yuzhong KI26; Shufu KI27; Tianchi PC1;Ximen PC4; Jianshi PC5; Neiguan PC6; Yemen SJ2; Zhongzhu SJ3; Waiguan SJ5; Zhigou SJ6;Huizong SJ7; Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9; Tianjing SJ10; Qinglengyuan SJ11; Xiaoluo SJ12; NaohuiSJ13; Dingchuan EX-B1; Weiguanxiashu EX-B12; Baxie EX-UE22; Yaotongxue EX-UE19; LuozhenEX-UE24; Erbai EX-UE29
T1 Kongzui LU6; Jingqu LU8; Yuji LU10; Erjian LI2; Sanjian LI3; Hegu LI4; Qihu ST13; Kufang ST14;Wuyi ST15; Yingchuang ST16; Tianxi SP18; Xiongxiang SP19; Zhourong SP20; Shaofu HT8; QianguSI2; Houxi SI3; Wangu SI4; Yanglao SI6; Zhizheng SI7; Dazhu BL11; Shenfeng KI23; Lingxu KI24;Shencang KI25; Yuzhong KI26; Shufu KI27; Tianchi PC1; Ximen PC4; Jianshi PC5; Neiguan PC6;Yemen SJ2; Zhongzhu SJ3; Waiguan SJ5; Zhigou SJ6; Huizong SJ7; Sanyangluo SJ8; Sidu SJ9;Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Baxie EX-UE22; Yaotongxue EX-UE19; Luozhen EX-UE24; Erbai EX-UE29
T2 Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12; Shencang KI25; Huatuojiaji EX-B35T3 Feishu BL13; Lingxu KI24; Huatuojiaji EX-B35T4 Tianxi SP18; Jueyinshu BL14; Tianchi PC1; Huatuojiaji EX-B35T5 Rugen ST18; Shidou SP17; Xinshu BL15; Bulang KI22; Yuanye GB22; Zhejin GB23; Huatuojiaji EX-
B35
Table 19 (continued )
Myotome Acupuncture points
T6 Dushu BL16; Youmen KI21; Qimen LR14; Huatuojiaji EX-B35T7 Burong ST19; Chengman ST20; Liangmen ST21; Dabao SP21; Geshu BL17; Yindu KI19; Futonggu
KI20; Youmen KI21; Riyue GB24; Huatuojiaji EX-B35T8 Liangmen ST21; Guanmen ST22; Taiyi ST23; Yindu KI19; Weiguanxiashu EX-B12; Huatuojiaji EX-
B35T9 Taiyi ST23; Huaroumen ST24; Ganshu BL18; Hunmen BL47; Shangqu KI17; Shiguan KI18;
Huatuojiaji EX-B35T10 Tianshu ST25; Wailing ST26; Danshu BL19; Pishu BL20; Yanggang BL48; Zhongzhu KI15;
Huangshu KI16; Huatuojiaji EX-B35T11 Daju ST27; Shuidao ST28; Pishu BL20; Weishu BL21;Yishe BL49; Qixue KI13; Siman KI14;
Zhangmen LR13; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Tituo EX-CA4T12 Guilai ST29; Weishu BL21; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Weicang BL50; Henggu KI11; Dahe KI12; Jingmen
GB25; Daimai GB26; Wushu GB27; Weidai GB28; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Zigong EX-CA18; Tituo EX-CA4
L1 Chongmen Sp12; Sanjiaoshu BL22; Huangmen BL51; Huatuojiaji EX-B35L2 Biguan ST31; Futu ST32; Yinshi ST33; Liangqiu ST34; Xuehai SP10; Jimen SP11; Chongmen Sp12;
Fushe SP13; Shenshu BL23; Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37; Zhishi BL52; Zhongdu GB32; QuquanLR8; Yinbao LR9; Zuwuli LR10; Yinlian LR11; Jimai LR12; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
L3 Biguan ST31; Futu ST32; Yinshi ST33; Liangqiu ST34; Xuehai SP10; Jimen SP11; Chongmen Sp12;Fushe SP13; Qihaishu BL24; Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37; Zhongdu GB32; Ququan LR8; YinbaoLR9; Zuwuli LR10; Yinlian LR11; Jimai LR12; Huatuojiaji EX-B35
L4 Biguan ST31; Futu ST32; Yinshi ST33; Liangqiu ST34; Zusanli ST36; Shangjuxu ST37; TiaokouST38; Xiajuxu ST39; Fenglong ST40; Lougu SP7; Diji SP8; Yinlingquan SP9; Xuehai SP10; JimenSP11; Dachangshu BL25; Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37; Heyang BL55; Fengshi GB31; ZhongduGB32; Yanglingquan GB34; Waiqiu GB36; Guangming GB37; Yangfu GB38; Ligou LR5; ZhongduLR6; Xiguan LR7; Yinbao LR9; Zuwuli LR10; Yaoyan EX-B24; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Lanweixue EX-LE13; Dannangxue EX-LE23
L5 Zusanli ST36; Shangjuxu ST37; Tiaokou ST38; Xiajuxu ST39; Fenglong ST40; Chongyang ST42;Lougu SP7; Diji SP8; Yinlingquan SP9; Guanyuanshu BL26; Baihuanshu BL30; Huiyang BL35;Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37; Baohuang BL53; Zhibian BL54; Heyang BL55; Juliao GB29;Huantiao GB30; Fengshi GB31; Zhongdu GB32; Xiyangguan GB33; Yanglingquan GB34; YangjiaoGB35; Waiqiu GB36; Guangming GB37; Yangfu GB38; Xuanzhong GB39; Qiuxu GB40; ZulinqiGB41; Ligou LR5; Zhongdu LR6; Xiguan LR7; Huatuojiaji EX-B35; Lanweixue EX-LE13;Dannangxue EX-LE23
S1 Chongyang ST42; Yinlingquan SP9; Baihuanshu BL30; Huiyang BL35; Chengfu BL36; YinmenBL37; Fuxi BL38; Weiyang BL39; Baohuang BL53; Zhibian BL54; Heyang BL55; Chengjin BL56;Chengshan BL57; Feiyang BL58; Fuyang BL59; Fuliu KI7; Zhubin KI9; Yingu KI10; Juliao GB29;Huantiao GB30; Fengshi GB31; Zhongdu GB32; Xiyangguan GB33; Yanglingquan GB34; YangjiaoGB35; Waiqiu GB36; Zhubin KI9; Guangming GB37; Xuanzhong GB39; Qiuxu GB40; Zulinqi GB41;Xiguan LR7; Ququan LR8; Dannangxue EX-LE23
S2 Xiangu ST43; Taibai SP3; Gongsun SP4; Sanyinjiao SP6; Lougu SP7; Diji SP8; Yinlingquan SP9;Baihuanshu BL30; Huiyang BL35; Chengfu BL36; Yinmen BL37; Fuxi BL38; Weiyang BL39;Baohuang BL53; Zhibian BL54; Heyang BL55; Chengjin BL56; Chengshan BL57; Feiyang BL58;Fuyang BL59; Jinmen BL63; Jinggu BL64; Shugu BL65; Yongquan KI1; Rangu KI2; Fuliu KI7;Jiaoxin KI8; Yingu KI10; Huantiao GB30; Fengshi GB31; Zhongdu GB32; Xiyangguan GB33;Yanglingquan GB34; Yangjiao GB35; Waiqiu GB36; Guangming GB37; Xuanzhong GB39; ZulinqiGB41; Taichong LR3; Ligou LR5; Zhongdu LR6; Xiguan LR7; Ququan LR8; Huiyin REN1;Changqiang DU1; Dannangxue EX-LE23; Bafeng EX-LE8
S3 Xiangu ST43; Taibai SP3; Gongsun SP4; Sanyinjiao SP6; Lougu SP7; Diji SP8; Fuyang BL59;Jinmen BL63; Jinggu BL64; Shugu BL65; Yongquan KI1; Rangu KI2; Jiaoxin KI8; Yangjiao GB35;Xuanzhong GB39; Zulinqi GB41; Taichong LR3; Ligou LR5; Zhongdu LR6; Huiyin REN1;Changqiang DU1; Bafeng EX-LE8
S4 Huiyang BL35; Huiyin REN1; Changqiang DU1
Cranial nervesBuccal branch of the facialnerve CN7.
Kouheliao LI19; Juliao ST3; Chengqiang REN24; Renzhong DU26; Duiduan DU27
(continued on next page)
Table 19 (continued)
Myotome Acupuncture points
Cervical branch of the facialnerve CN7.
Tianding LI17; Futu LI18; Daying ST5; Renying ST9; Shuitu ST10; Qishe ST11; Tianchuang SI16;Tianrong SI17; Yifeng SJ17
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN9 Yifeng SJ17Hypoglossal nerve CN12 Tianrong SI17; Lianquan REN23Mandibular division of thetrigeminal nerve CN5
Jiache ST6; Xiaguan ST7; Jiaosun SJ20; Erheliao SJ22; Shangguan GB3; Handan GB4; XuanluGB5; Xuanli GB6; Qubin GB7; Shuaigu GB8; Tianchong GB9; Lianquan REN23; Taiyang EX-HN9
Marginal mandibular branchof the facial nerve CN7.
Jiachengjiang EX-HN18
Oculomotor nerve CN3 Chengqi ST1; Jingming BL1; Qiuhou EX-HN8Spinal accessory nerve CN11 Futu LI18; Bingfeng SI12; Quyuan SI13; Jianwaishu SI14; Jianzhongshu SI 15; Tianzhu BL10;
Dazhu BL11; Fengmen BL12; Feishu BL13; Jueyinshu BL14; Xinshu BL15; Dushu BL16; GeshuBL17; Fufen BL41; Pohu BL42; Gaohuangshu BL43; Shentang BL44; Yixi BL45;Geguan BL46;Tianliao SJ15; Wangu GB12; Fengchi GB20; Jianjing GB21; Bailao EX-HN30; Anmian EX-HN54;Dingchuan EX-B1
Temporal branch of thefacial nerve CN7.
Naohu DU17
Zygomatic branch of thefacial nerve CN7.
Jingming BL1
* Derived from Tables 1e15.