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Chapter 4
Networks and CollaborationAs Business Solutions
Information Technology for ManagementImproving Performance in the Digital Economy
7th editionJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slides contributed by Dr. Sandra ReidChair, Graduate School of Business & Professor, Technology
Dallas Baptist UniversityTurb
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4-1Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4-2
4.1 Enterprise Networks, Connectivity, and Trends
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Networked Devices
• Networked devices are devices that communicate with a network.
• Technologies include laptops, PDAs, cell and smartphones, wikis, intranets, and extranets, GPSs, POS terminals, and RFID which allow information to be rapidly collected, processed, shared, and acted upon for competitive survival and advantage taking.
• Feature-rich wireless devices make collaboration easier and more productive which indicates a more integrated, always-connected business environment and lifestyle.
4-3Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Social Networking Shrinks the World
• Social networking via mobile phones is shrinking the world to the size of a small screen.
• Micro-blogging is the sending of messages up to 140 characters.
• With more than 3 billion mobile handsets in use in the world (1 for every 2 people on the planet) a powerful force for changes in business and collaboration as well as politics and societies have emerged.
• News media, universities, public safety, and other organizations are using the technology to deliver information to a wide audience quickly.
4-4Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Information on Internet Bulletin Boards, Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites
4-5Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Social Networks Go to Work
Click to PCWorld Business Center article for more….
Social Networking SitesCan Cause You Problems
Anyone can post derogatory information about you anonymously.
(See this Washington Post article.)
You can also hurt yourself, as this article shows.
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Table 4.1
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Growth Toward High-Capacity Networks
• Advancements in networks, devices, wireless sensor networks are changing enterprise information infrastructures and business environments dramatically and quickly.
• Need for physical computers has drastically declined.
• IP technology provides access to data, people, or services anytime, anywhere in the world offering universal connectivity.
4-8Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Bluetooth and WiFi Intelligence Revolution
is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used in home networks, mobile phones, video gamesand more. 4-9Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IP Networks
• Backbone that is driving merger of voice, data, video and radio waves by digitizing content into packets.
• Happening on a global scale and changing the way the world conducts its business.
• Improved network performance, measured by its data transfer capacity, provides fantastic opportunities for mobile commerce, collaboration, supply chain management, remote work, and other productivity gains.
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4.2 Network Management and Collaboration Technology
Network Management and Collaboration Technology
• Computer network :
– Circulatory system of information, communication, or collaboration systems.
– Provide means to communicate, Deliver/receive information.
4-12Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Figure IT 7eU The Business Performance Management Cycle and IT Model
4-13Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
•Become lean•Increase efficiency of logistics & operations•Support achievement and not simply survival
•Insure connectivity and security•Distribute busiess operations•Implement green computing
•Track changes in employee and production productivity•Compare market shares
•Deploy IP networks and devices for anytime, any where communication, callaboration, and commerce•Enable data sharing and enterprise search•Implement online collaboration and group work capabilities.
•Enterprise networks and IP telephony•Fixed, wireless and mobile infrastructure•Social networks; virtual private networks•Enterprise search
Network Architecture
• Provides the infrastructure for collaborative work regardless location.
• Capability and willingness to collaborate depends on a corporate culture that people trust and that gives them the information, tools and authority to plan and make decisions.
• Decentralized organizations are often more responsive to opportunities and problems.
• Quality of the network and collaboration depend on how effectively network and collaboration capabilities are put to use.
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Global Business Performance
• Planning, maintenance, management, upgrades
and bandwidth.
• Having the right devices to get the job done.
• Quick reaction capabilities.
• Reliable backup systems.
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• Network infrastructure alone does not improve business performance.
• Rather it is network capabilities combined with collaboration technologies.
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• Network reliability is critical in most business a network blackout could almost completely freeze operations.
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Consequences of Bad Planning and Testing
Network card crash left more than 20,000 stranded at LAX in August 2007
•NIC malfunction•Switch on network crashed•Problem was misdiagnosed•Improper backup system•Outdated technology
4-18Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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IP(Internet Protocol) Networks
• Backbone that is driving merger of voice, data, video and radio waves by digitizing content into packets.
• Happening on a global scale and changing the way the world conducts its business.
• Improved network performance, measured by its data transfer capacity, provides fantastic opportunities for mobile commerce, collaboration, supply chain management, remote work, and other productivity gains.
4-19Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• IP networks are the basis for collaboration between different types of networked devices, by making convergence possible.
• For transmission, IP devices digitize data into packets based on the IP and sent via packet-switched computer networks wich transmitedata to other conected devices.
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Information Portals
• Web-based gateway to files, information, and knowledge on a network.
• Can include discussion boards, document sharing, and workspaces.
• Users can upload presentations or documentation to share.
4-21Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Corporate portals, provide company information.
• Commercial (public) portals, general information on the internet.
• Publishing Portals, content for specific interests.
• Industrywide (vertical) portals, offer industry news, events or related sites.
Types of portals
4-22Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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4.3 Wireless, Enterprise Mobility and IP Telephony
Wireless, Enterprise Mobility & IP Telephonby
• Mobile multimedia technologies make it possible for business to reinvent the traditional workplace to a virtual one as the business needs change.
• Better decisions may be possible due to real-time delivery of wireless communications.
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Mobility
Wi-Fi
• Wi-Fi uses the radio spectrum to send data.
• Usually consists of one router which transmitsdata and one or more adapters attached todata processing devices.
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• Uses the Internet Protocol to transfer audio and video data as regular telephone lines.
• Usually costs less than traditional telephony.
• You can take your phone line anywhere, as long as you have an internet conection.
VoIP
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4.4 Discovery, Search, and Customized Delivery
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Discovery
Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas, on the Web.– Search engines
– Metasearch engines
– Discovery of material in foreign languages
4-29Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Search engines.
There are differences in the ways various search engines work, but they all perform three basic tasks:
1.- They search the Internet based on key words.
2.- They keep an index (database) of the words they find, and where they find them.
3.-They allow users to search for words or combinations of the words in that index.
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The types of search engines are the following,
1.- Intelligent agents or crawler based. Crawler based search engines, such as Google, create their listing automatically. They crawl the web searchingvarious factors using an algorithm.
2.- Human Powered. Depends on humans for its listings.3.- Hybrids
Enterprise Search Technology
Offers the potential of cutting much of the complexity accumulated in applications and intranet sites throughout an organization.
Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 31
Four Largest Search Engines
Yahoo
Microsoft Network
Ask
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Collaboration platforms
-• Google docs• Blogs• Wiki
– Is a server software that allows users to freely create and edit Web pagecontent.
• Podcast• RSS
– Refers to various standards of web feed formats, usually Really SimpleSyndication. RSSs automate the delivery of internet content. Web feedsprovided through RSS offer headlines, summaries, and link from sites in a XLMfile. Whenever is a new content it is delivered and shows up automatically onthe newsreader.
• .XML– Is a meta language for describing markup languages for documents containing
structured information. XML facilitate data sharing across different systemsand particularly systems connected via Internet.
4-33Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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4.5 Collaboration and Web-based Meetings
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Collaboration
Collaboration refers to efforts of two or more entities (individuals, teams, groups or organizations) who work together to accomplish certain tasks.– Work group
– Virtual group (team)
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Virtual teams.
Are groups of people who work interdependently with shared purpouse across space, time, and organization boundaries using technology to communicate and collaborate.
Vendors Collaborative Products
Numerous vendros offer collaborative techbologies. The standard software can help organizations:
• Resolve problems and questions through clear, high-quality communications.
• Acces global teams in real time• Communicate quickly with anybody where regulation permits • Work with others as if they are in the same room• Offer acces to expertise and knowledge throughout the
organization.
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Collaboration….contd.
• Virtual collaboration• Workflow technologies• Groupware• Teleconferencing• Videoconference• Web conferencing• Real-time collaboration tools
– Instant Messaging (Lotus )
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Workflow and Groupware Technologies
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4.6 social, legal and ethical issues
Social, legal and ethical issues
• Workers will experencie both positive and negative impacts from being linked to a 24/7 workplace environment.
• Technology addiction has gone so far that U.S. psychiatrists are considering adding this“compulsive-impulsive” disorder to the nextrelease of “Diagnostic and Statistical Manualof Mental Disorders”
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Other social development implications
• Several studies show cell phones are a leadingcause of car crashes.
• A few studies have indicated that using cellphone for an hour each day aver a 10-year period increase the risk of developing a braintumor.
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Social networks and wiki
• Social Networks are redefining the way people communicate and can exert immeasurableinfluence on politics, public opinion and attitudes toward work and recreation.
• Addicts neglect other important things in life by checking and posting bulletins every hour.
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4.7 Managerial Issues
Managerial Issues
• Organizational impacts – primary benefit of technologies is keeping workers connected at lower costs. Mobile & collaborative technologies need to be in place to ensure productivity.
• Future of technology support – emphasis on connectivity, communication & collaboration.
• Extending organizational boundaries – extranets connect suppliers & customers.
• Virtual work & teams – newly defined workplace.
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Managerial Issues – cont’d
• Single view of truth – silos will ultimately go away. Integration & sharing data will be key.
• Social & ethical issues – tools meant to improve productivity will infringe on personal life.
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Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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