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Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Network+
™
Study Guide
Fourth Edition
David GrothToby Skandier
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4406FM.fm Page ii Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
Network+
Study Guide
Fourth Edition
4406FM.fm Page i Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
4406FM.fm Page ii Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Network+
™
Study Guide
Fourth Edition
David GrothToby Skandier
4406FM.fm Page iii Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
Publisher: Neil EddeAcquisitions Editor: Jeff KellumDevelopmental Editor: Jeff KellumProduction Editor: Lori NewmanTechnical Editor: James KellyCopy Editor: Judy FlynnCompositor: Jeffrey Wilson, Happenstance Type-O-RamaGraphic Illustrator: Happenstance Type-O-RamaCD Coordinator: Dan MummertCD Technician: Kevin LyProofreaders: Jim Brook, Candace English, Ian Golder, Nancy RiddioughIndexer: Ted LauxBook Designer: Bill Gibson, Judy FungCover Designer: Archer DesignCover Photographer: Photodisc and Victor Arre
© 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
First edition copyright © 1999 SYBEX Inc.
Second edition copyright © 2001 SYBEX Inc.
Third edition copyright © 2002 SYBEX Inc.
Library of Congress Card Number: 2005920766
ISBN-13: 978-0-7821-4406-2
ISBN-10: 0-7821-4406-3
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indi-anapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Screen reproductions produced with FullShot 99. FullShot 99 © 1991–1999 Inbit Incorporated. All rights reserved.FullShot is a trademark of Inbit Incorporated.
Screen reproductions of Mac OS X courtesy of Apple Computer, Inc.
The CD interface was created using Macromedia Director, COPYRIGHT 1994, 1997–1999 Macromedia Inc. For more information on Macromedia and Macromedia Director, visit http://www.macromedia.com.
Internet screen shot(s) using Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation.
Sybex is an independent entity from CompTIA and is not affiliated with CompTIA in any manner. Neither Comp-TIA nor Sybex warrants that use of this publication will ensure passing the relevant exam. Network+ is either a registered trademark or trademark of CompTIA in the United States and/or other countries.
The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To Our Valued Readers:
Thank you for looking to Sybex for your Network+ exam prep needs. We at Sybex are proud of our reputation for providing certification candidates with the practical knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the highly competitive IT marketplace. Certification candidates have come to rely on Sybex for accurate and accessible instruction on today’s crucial technologies.
Sybex serves as a participant member of CompTIA's Network+ Advisory Committee, and just as CompTIA is committed to establishing measurable standards for certifying individuals who will support today’s complex network systems, Sybex is committed to providing those individuals with the skills needed to meet those standards.
The author and editors have worked hard to ensure that the updated fourth edition of the
Net-work+ Study Guide
you hold in your hands is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound. We’re confident that this book will exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the Network+ certification candidate, succeed in your endeavors.
As always, your feedback is important to us. If you believe you’ve identified an error in the book, please visit the Customer Support section of the Wiley web site. And if you have general comments or suggestions, feel free to drop me a line directly at
. At Sybex we’re continually striving to meet the needs of individuals preparing for certification exams.
Good luck in pursuit of your Network+ certification!
Neil EddePublisher—CertificationSybex, an Imprint of Wiley
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End-User License Agreement
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4406FM.fm Page vi Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
To my wonderful book team members. Thanks for your help in making our
book a success.
—David Groth
To my incredibly understanding and supportive wife, Karen, and my wonderful
kids, Toby, Tiffani, Trey, and Taylor. Thank you for making such an impossibly
odd schedule seem commonplace and acceptable.
—Toby Skandier
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Acknowledgments
It takes many people to put a book together. This will be the fourth edition of this book, so I can safely say that these people know what they’re doing and that I can count on working with talented people.
I would first like to thank my co-author Toby Skandier. He has a vast amount of technical knowledge and his contributions to this book helped to make it the best possible. Also, this book would not exist if it weren’t for my acquisitions and developmental editor, Jeff Kellum. Thank you for all of your encouragement and support. I appreciate all of the hard work you contribute to each one of my book projects. Additionally, many thanks go to Lori Newman, our book team’s tireless production editor. Kudos to you for juggling all sorts of deadlines spanning many projects and for basically keeping your eye on the ball for me all of the time. Kudos should also go to Judy Flynn, editor extraordinaire. Thank you for your careful attention to each of the chapters. Many thanks should also go to Jeffrey Wilson, the compositor at Happenstance Type-O-Rama, for laying out the very pages you see before you. Finally, one last cheer of the proofreaders who checked every last detail before sending the pages to the printer: Jim Brook, Candace English, Ian Golder, and Nancy Riddiough.
I would also like to recognize my wife, family, and friends. My wife, Linda, tirelessly wrote and edited the appendices and kept me on the right track. She was a real trooper because she managed to do that while watching our kids. Thank you to my family and friends who under-stood when I couldn’t go out or help them with projects because I had to work on the book. I really appreciate that.
Finally, thank you, the reader, for purchasing this book. I know that it has all the informa-tion in it to help you pass the test. If you have questions about Network+ or this book, feel free to e-mail me at
. All of us involved in the book project have worked very hard to make it the best
Network+ Study Guide
available. I hope you feel the same.—David Groth
I would like to thank David Groth for laying the foundation in earlier editions that could so easily grow into the modernized work you now hold, based on CompTIA’s 2005 objectives for the prized and respected Network+ certification. Thanks also to David for his valuable work on this edition.
My gratitude and respect go out to the wise and professional Sybex team that brought this project together. Any author could shine with the care and polish provided by this wonderful group. A special thanks to Jeff Kellum for spearheading the production of our Study Guide. I really appreciate the support and unerring direction he provided.
I hope you will feel the way we do about this book. I know it will prove to be your most valu-able resource in your quest for Network+ certification. Please let me know if there is anything additional you feel we could offer in future editions that will make the candidate’s experience more successful and enjoyable. Don’t hesitate to send your questions or comments to
. I am honored by your support for our efforts and hope you realize this book exists solely for you.—Toby Skandier
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction xix
Assessment Test xxxi
Chapter 1
Network Fundamentals 1
Chapter 2
The OSI Model 45
Chapter 3
TCP/IP Fundamentals 99
Chapter 4
TCP/IP Utilities 163
Chapter 5
Network Operating Systems 203
Chapter 6
Wired and Wireless Networks 231
Chapter 7
WAN and Remote Access Technologies 281
Chapter 8
Network Access and Security 317
Chapter 9
Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery 367
Chapter 10
Network Troubleshooting 407
Glossary
451
Index 491
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Contents
Introduction xix
Assessment Test xxxi
Chapter 1 Network Fundamentals 1
Network Elements 3Local Area Network 3Wide Area Network 4Host, Workstation, and Server 5Peer-to-Peer vs. Client/Server Architecture 7
Physical Topologies 10Bus Topology 10Star Topology 11Ring Topology 13Mesh Topology 14Backbones and Segments 15Selecting the Right Topology 16
Physical Media 16Coaxial Cable 17Twisted-Pair Cable 20Fiber-Optic Cable 25Cable Type Summary 30
Common Network Connectivity Devices 31NIC 32Hub 32Switch 32Bridge 33Router 33Gateways 33Other Devices 34
Summary 37Exam Essentials 37Review Questions 38Answers to Review Questions 42
Chapter 2 The OSI Model 45
Introducing the OSI Model 46The OSI Model’s Lower Layers 51
The Physical Layer 51The Data Link Layer 59
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Contents
xi
The OSI Model’s Middle Layers 70The Network Layer 70The Transport Layer 77
The OSI Model’s Upper Layers 80The Session Layer 80The Presentation Layer 81The Application Layer 81Upper-Layer Devices 81
Networking Protocols 81TCP/IP 82IPX/SPX 84NetBEUI 86AppleTalk and AppleTalk over IP 87
Summary 91Exam Essentials 91Review Questions 93Answers to Review Questions 97
Chapter 3 TCP/IP Fundamentals 99
Introducing TCP/IP 102A Brief History of TCP/IP 102TCP/IP Design Goals 103TCP/IP and the OSI Model 105
The Transmission Control Protocol 107The Internet Layer Protocols 109
The Internet Protocol 109Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 112Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and
Reverse ARP (RARP) 112Routers and Routing 113
The Application Protocols 114Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 115File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 115Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 115Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) 115Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 116Post Office Protocol (POP) 116Internet Message Access Protocol, Version 4 (IMAP4) 116Line Printer Daemon (LPD) 116Network File System (NFS) 117Telnet 117Secure Shell (SSH) 117Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 117Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) 117
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xii
Contents
Network Time Protocol (NTP) 117Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) 118Secure Copy Protocol (SCP) 118Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) 118Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) 118Line Printer Remote (LPR) 119
Other Upper-Layer Protocols 119User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 119Server Message Block (SMB) 120AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP) 120Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) 121
Overview of Ports and Sockets 121Understanding IP Addressing 125
Overview of Ethernet Addresses 125Overview of IP Addresses 125Understanding Subnets 130Subnetting a Class C Network 131Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 133IP Proxy Servers 134
Name Resolution Methods 136Internet Domain Organization 137Using HOSTS 138Using DNS 138Using WINS 142
Configuring TCP/IP on Windows Workstations 145The IP Settings Tab 147The DNS Tab 148The WINS Tab 148The Options Tab 150The Windows Registry 151Zero Configuration (ZeroConf) 151
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 153Summary 154Exam Essentials 155Review Questions 157Answers to Review Questions 161
Chapter 4 TCP/IP Utilities 163
Using the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 164The Windows ARP Table 165Using The
arp
Utility 165Using the
netstat
Utility 167The
–a
Switch 168The
–e
Switch 169
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Contents
xiii
The
–r
Switch 170The
–s
Switch 171The
–n
Switch 173The
–p
Switch 174Using the
nbtstat
Utility 174The
–a
Switch 175The
–A
Switch 177The
–c
Switch 177The
–n
Switch 178The
–r
Switch 178The
–R
Switch 179The
–S
Switch 179The
–s
Switch 180Using The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 180
Starting FTP and Logging In to an FTP Server 181Downloading Files 182Uploading Files 184
Using the
ping
Utility 185Using
winipcfg
,
ipconfig
, and
ifconfig
186Using the
winipcfg
Utility 186Using the
ipconfig
Utility 188Using the
ifconfig
Utility 190Using the
tracert
Utility 191Using the
Telnet
Utility 191Using the
nslookup
Utility 194Summary 195Exam Essentials 195Review Questions 197Answers to Review Questions 201
Chapter 5 Network Operating Systems 203
Microsoft Windows 204Features 205Client Support 206Interoperability 206Authentication 207File and Print Services 208Application Support 208Security 208
Novell NetWare 209Features 209Client Support 210Interoperability 210Authentication 211
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xiv
Contents
Directory Structure 213File and Print Services 215Application Support 215Security 215
UNIX/Linux 216Features 216Client Support and Interoperability 217Authentication 217File and Print Services 217Application Support 218Security 218
Macintosh 219Features 219Client Support 221Interoperability 221Authentication 222File and Print Services 222Application Support 222Security 223
Summary 223Exam Essentials 223Review Questions 225Answers to Review Questions 229
Chapter 6 Wired and Wireless Networks 231
Before Installing New Hardware or Software 232Standard Operating Procedures 232Environmental Issues 237Error Messages and Log Files 242Current Configuration and Baselines 243Other Documentation 244
Wireless Networking 244Wireless Network Components 244Wireless Network Installation 248Installation Type 252
Workstation Configuration 260Configuring a Windows 9
x
Network 260Configuring a Windows 2000 Network Client 264Configuring Windows Clients for NetWare Network Access 265
Network Installation Tools 267Wire Crimper 267Media Testing Tools 268Punchdown Tool 271
Summary 273
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Contents
xv
Exam Essentials 273Review Questions 275Answers to Review Questions 279
Chapter 7 WAN and Remote Access Technologies 281
Remote Access Connection Configuration Requirements 283Hardware Requirements 284Software Requirements 285
Remote Access Connection Methods 286The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 286Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 288Other Digital Options 289
Remote Access Protocols 296Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) 296Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and PPPoE
(Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) 297Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) 302Windows Remote Access Services (RAS) 308Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) 308
Summary 309Exam Essentials 309Review Questions 310Answers to Review Questions 314
Chapter 8 Network Access and Security 317
Accessing Network Resources 320Client Selection 320Installing the Windows 95/98 and NT/2000 Client 320Installing the NetWare Client 321Installing the UNIX Client 323Selecting a Primary Client 324
Managing User Account and Password Security 324Network Resource-Sharing Security Models 325Managing Accounts 325Managing Passwords 328
Using Firewalls 332Firewall Technologies 332Comparing Firewall Operating System Platforms 341
Understanding and Defending against Hacker Attacks 343Hacker Tools: Common Network Attacks 344Intruder Detection: Defense Techniques 345
DoD Security Standards 347Trusted Computer System 347
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xvi
Contents
Trusted Network Interpretation 348Certified Operating Systems and Networks 348
Understanding Encryption 350Uses for Encryption 350How Encryption Works 351Encryption Keys 351
Security Policies 353Security Audit 354Clean Desk Policy 354Recording Equipment 354Other Common Security Policies 355Breaking Policy 357The Exit Interview 357
Summary 358Exam Essentials 358Review Questions 360Answers to Review Questions 364
Chapter 9 Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery 367
Assessing Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery Needs 368Hot Site 369Warm Site 371Cold Site 372
Power Management 372Surge Protectors 373Battery Backup Systems 374Line Conditioners 376
Disk System Fault Tolerance 377Disk Mirroring 378Disk Duplexing 378Disk Striping 380Redundant Array of Inexpensive
(or Independent) Disks (RAID) 380Backup Considerations 382
Backup Media Options 383Backup Utilities 385Backup Types 386Tape Rotation Schedule 390
Virus Protection 392Types of Viruses 393Updating Antivirus Components 394Scanning for Viruses 395
Software Revisions 397Is It Necessary? 397
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Contents
xvii
Where to Get Patches 397How to Apply Patches 398
Summary 399Exam Essentials 400Review Questions 401Answers to Review Questions 405
Chapter 10 Network Troubleshooting 407
Narrowing Down the Problem 409Did You Check the Simple Stuff? 409Is Hardware or Software Causing the Problem? 412Is It a Workstation or a Server Problem? 413Which Segments of the Network Are Affected? 414Are There Any Cabling Issues? 414
Troubleshooting Steps 415Step 1: Establish Symptoms 415Step 2: Identify the Affected Area 415Step 3: Establish What Has Changed 416Step 4: Select the Most Probable Cause 417Step 5: Implement a Solution 418Step 6: Test the Result 420Step 7: Recognize the Potential Effects of the Solution 420Step 8: Document the Solution 420
The Troubleshooter’s Resources 421Log Files 421Manufacturers’ Troubleshooting Resources 434Hardware Network Troubleshooting Tools 436Software Troubleshooting Tools 439
Troubleshooting Tips 440Don’t Overlook the Small Stuff 440Prioritize Your Problems 440Check the Software Configuration 441Don’t Overlook Physical Conditions 441Don’t Overlook Cable Problems 442Check for Viruses 442
Summary 443Exam Essentials 443Review Questions 445Answers to Review Questions 449
Glossary
451
Index 491
4406FM.fm Page xvii Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
4406FM.fm Page xviii Monday, May 1, 2006 9:23 AM
What Is the Network+ Certification?
xix
Introduction
If you are like the rest of the networking community, you probably have many certifications. Certification is one of the best things you can do for your career in the computer or networking field. It proves that you know what you’re talking about when it comes to the area in which you are certified.
In this book, you’ll find out what the Network+ exam is all about. Each chapter covers a part of the exam. At the end of each chapter, there are review questions to help you prepare for the exam.
What Is the Network+ Certification?
Network+ is a certification developed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA). This organization exists to provide resources and education for the computer and technology community. This is the same body that developed the A+ exam for computer tech-nicians. Back in 1995, members of the organization convened to develop a new certification that tests skills for information technology (IT). To ensure industry-wide support, it was sponsored by many IT industry leaders, including the following:�
Compaq Computers�
Digital Equipment Corporation (a part of Compaq)�
IBM�
Lotus�
Microsoft�
Novell�
TSS�
U.S. Robotics�
US West�
Wave Technologies
The Network+ exam was designed to test the skills of network technicians with 18 to 24 months of experience in the field. It tests areas of networking technologies such as the definition of a protocol, the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model and its layers, and the concepts of network design and implementation—such as which items are required for a network and the prerequisites for installation. In addition, it covers troubleshooting concepts and how-tos.
4406Intro.fm Page xix Tuesday, March 15, 2005 12:35 AM
xx
Introduction
Why Become Network+ Certified?
The Network+ certification is a relatively new certification, but it is the next certification in a line of CompTIA certifications starting with the A+ certification. Because CompTIA is a well-respected developer of vendor-neutral industry certifications, getting Network+ certified indi-cates that you are competent in the specific areas tested by Network+.
Three major benefits are associated with becoming Network+ certified:�
Proof of professional achievement�
Opportunity for advancement�
Fulfillment of training requirements
Proof of Professional Achievement
Networking professionals are competing these days to see who can get the most certifications. And because the Network+ certification is broad and it covers the entire field of networking, technicians want this certification rather than only Microsoft or only Novell, for example. Thus, it can be a chal-lenge to prepare for the Network+ exam. Passing the exam, however, certifies that you have achieved a certain level of knowledge about vendor-independent networking-related subjects.
Opportunity for Advancement
We all like to get ahead in our careers. With advancement comes more responsibility, to be sure, but usually it means more money and greater opportunities. In the information technol-ogy area, this usually can be accomplished by obtaining multiple technology certifications, including Network+.
Network+, because of its wide-reaching industry support, is recognized as a baseline of net-working information. Some companies specify that Network+ certification will result in a pay raise at review time. And some companies specify that Network+ certification, in conjunction with A+ certification, is required either before an employee’s next review or as a condition of employment.
Fulfillment of Training Requirements
A training requirement can be mandated by your employer, as just mentioned, or it can be required as part of another certification. There has been talk of using the Network+ certification as a prerequisite to, or as part of, other vendors’ certifications. And we think it’s a natural fit. For example, training for both the Novell and the Microsoft certification programs (CNE and MCSE) includes a course in the essential networking technologies. Because the Network+ exam covers network fundamentals and is vendor neutral, it may be a good replacement for the Microsoft or the Novell exam.
4406Intro.fm Page xx Tuesday, March 15, 2005 12:35 AM
How to Use This Book and CD
xxi
How to Become Network+ Certified
The simplest way to find out how to become Network+ certified is to take the exam. It is admin-istered by Pearson VUE and Thomson Prometric, with which most of you are familiar if you have taken other computer certification exams, and it is administered by computer. To register to take the exam, call Thomson Prometric (not the testing center) at 888-895-6116 or Pearson VUE at 877-551-PLUS. You must pay for the exam at registration time with a major credit card (for example, Visa or MasterCard). Check CompTIA’s website, as prices may vary.
You can also register on the Internet through Pearson VUE at
www.vue.com
or
through Thomson Prometric at
www.prometric.com
or
www.2test.com
.
The exam itself consists of approximately 72 questions. You have 90 minutes for the test. At the end of the exam, your score report will be displayed on the screen and printed so that you have a hard copy.
Who Should Buy This Book?
If you are one of the many people who want to pass the Network+ exam, and pass it confidently, then you should buy this book and use it to study for the exam. The Network+ exam is designed to measure the technical knowledge of networking professionals with 18–24 months of expe-rience in the IT industry. This book was written with two goals in mind: to prepare you for pass-ing the Network+ exam, and to prepare you for the challenges of the real IT world. This Study Guide will do that by describing in detail the concepts on which you’ll be tested.
How to Use This Book and CD
This book includes several features that will make studying for the Network+ exam easier. At the beginning of the book (right after this introduction, in fact) is an assessment test that you can use to check your readiness for the actual exam. Take this test before you start reading the book. It will help you to determine the areas you may need to brush up on. You can then focus on these areas while reading the book. The answers to this test appear on a separate page after the last question. Each answer also includes an explanation and a note telling you in which chapter this material appears.
In addition, there are review questions at the end of each chapter. As you finish each chapter, answer the questions and then check your answers, which appear on the page after the last ques-tion. You can go back and reread the section in the chapter that deals with each question you got wrong to ensure that you know your stuff.
4406Intro.fm Page xxi Tuesday, March 15, 2005 12:35 AM
xxii
Introduction
On the CD-ROM that is included with this book, there are several extras you can use to bol-ster your exam readiness:
Electronic Flashcards
You can use these flashcard-style questions to review your knowledge of Network+ concepts not only on your PC, but also on your handheld devices. You can down-load the questions right into your Palm device for quick and convenient reviewing anytime, any-where, without your PC!
Test Engine
This portion of the CD-ROM includes all of the questions that appear in this book: the assessment questions at the end of this introduction, all of the chapter review ques-tions, and two bonus exams.
Full Text of the Book in PDF
If you are going to travel but still need to study for the Net-work+ exam—and you have a laptop with a CD-ROM drive—you can take this entire book with you on the CD-ROM. This book is in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format so it can be easily read on any computer.
Exam Objectives
In this section, we are going to look at the objectives that the Network+ exam is designed to test. These objectives were developed by a group of networking-industry professionals through the use of an industry-wide job task analysis. CompTIA asked groups of IT professionals to fill out a survey rating the skills they felt were important in their job. The results were grouped into objectives for the exam. The objectives are grouped into four domains. The following table indi-cates the extent to which they are represented in the actual examination.
The following sections include the outline of the exam objectives for the Network+ exam and the weighting of each objective category.
The objectives and weighting percentages given in this section can change at any time. Check CompTIA’s website at
www.comptia.org
for a list of the most
current objectives.
Network+ Certification Domain Areas % of Examination
1.0 Media and Topologies 20%
2.0 Protocols and Standards 20%
3.0 Network Implementation 25%
4.0 Network Support 35%
Total 100%
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Domain 1.0 Media and Topologies (20%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
1.1 Recognize the following logical or physical network topologies given a diagram, sche-matic or description:�
Star�
Bus�
Mesh�
Ring
1.2 Specify the main features of 802.2 (Logical Link Control), 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.5 (Token Ring), 802.11(wireless), and FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) networking technologies, including:�
Speed�
Access method (CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) and CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection))
�
Topology�
Media
1.3 Specify the characteristics (For example: speed, length, topology, and cable type) of the following cable standards:�
10BASE-T and 10BASE-FL�
100BASE-TX and 100BASE-FX�
1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-CX, 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX�
10 GBASE-SR, 10 GBASE-LR and 10 GBASE-ER
1.4 Recognize the following media connectors and describe their uses:�
RJ-11 (Registered Jack)�
RJ-45 (Registered Jack)�
F-Type�
ST (Straight Tip)�
SC (Subscriber Connector or Standard Connector)�
IEEE 1394 (FireWire)�
Fiber LC (Local Connector)�
MT-RJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack)�
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
1.5 Recognize the following media types and describe their uses:�
Category 3, 5, 5e, and 6�
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
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Introduction
�
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)�
Coaxial cable�
SMF (Single Mode Fiber) optic cable�
MMF (Multimode Fiber) optic cable
1.6 Identify the purposes, features and functions of the following network components:�
Hubs�
Switches�
Bridges�
Routers�
Gateways�
CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit)�
NICs (Network Interface Card)�
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) adapters�
WAPs (Wireless Access Point)�
Modems�
Transceivers (media converters)�
Firewalls
1.7 Specify the general characteristics (For example: carrier speed, frequency, transmission type and topology) of the following wireless technologies:�
802.11 (Frequency hopping spread spectrum)�
802.11
x
(Direct sequence spread spectrum)�
Infrared�
Bluetooth
1.8 Identify factors which affect the range and speed of wireless service (For example: inter-ference, antenna type and environmental factors).
Domain 2.0 Protocols and Standards (20%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
2.1 Identify a MAC (Media Access Control) address and its parts.
2.2 Identify the seven layers of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model and their functions.
2.3 Identify the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) layers at which the following network components operate:�
Hubs�
Switches�
Bridges
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�
Routers� NICs (Network Interface Card)� WAPs (Wireless Access Point)
2.4 Differentiate between the following network protocols in terms of routing, addressing schemes, interoperability and naming conventions:� IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange/Sequence Packet eXchange)� NetBEUI (Network Basic Input/Output System Extended User Interface)� AppleTalk/AppleTalk over IP (Internet Protocol)� TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
2.5 Identify the components and structure of IP (Internet Protocol) addresses (IPv4, IPv6) and the required settings for connections across the Internet.
2.6 Identify classful IP (Internet Protocol) ranges and their subnet masks (For example: Class A, B and C).
2.7 Identify the purpose of subnetting.
2.8 Identify the differences between private and public network addressing schemes.
2.9 Identify and differentiate between the following IP (Internet Protocol) addressing methods:� Static� Dynamic� Self-assigned (APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing))
2.10 Define the purpose, function and use of the following protocols used in the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite:� TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)� UDP (User Datagram Protocol)� FTP (File Transfer Protocol)� SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)� TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)� SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)� HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)� HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)� POP3/IMAP4 (Post Office Protocol, version 3/Internet Message Access Protocol,
version 4)� Telnet� SSH (Secure Shell)� ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)� ARP/RARP (Address Resolution Protocol/Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
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� NTP (Network Time Protocol)� NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol)� SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)� LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)� IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol)� LPR (Line Printer Remote)
2.11 Define the function of TCP/UDP (Transmission Control Protocol/User Datagram Pro-tocol) ports.
2.12 Identify the well-known ports associated with the following commonly used services and protocols:� 20 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)� 21 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)� 22 SSH (Secure Shell)� 23 Telnet� 25 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)� 53 DNS (Domain Name Service)� 69 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)� 80 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)� 110 POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3)� 119 NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol)� 123 NTP (Network Time Protocol)� 143 IMAP4 (Internet Messaging Application Protocol, version 4)� 443 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
2.13 Identify the purpose of network services and protocols (For example: DNS (Domain Name Service), NAT (Network Address Translation), ICS (Internet Connection Sharing), WINS (Windows Internet Name Service), SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), NFS (Network File System), Zeroconf (Zero configuration), SMB (Server Message Block), AFP (Apple File Protocol), LPD (Line Printer Daemon) and Samba).
2.14 Identify the basic characteristics (For example: speed, capacity and media) of the fol-lowing WAN (Wide Area Networks) technologies:� Packet switching� Circuit switching� ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)� FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)� T1 (T Carrier level 1)/E1/J1� T3 (T Carrier level 3)/E3/J3
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� OCx (Optical Carrier)� X.25
2.15 Identify the basic characteristics of the following Internet access technologies:� xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line)� Broadband Cable (Cable modem)� POTS/PSTN (plain old telephone service/Public Switched Telephone Network)� Satellite� Wireless
2.16 Define the function of the following remote access protocols and services:� RAS (Remote Access Service)� PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)� SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)� PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet)� PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)� VPN (Virtual Private Network)� RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
2.17 Identify the following security protocols and describe their purpose and function:� IPSec (Internet Protocol Security)� L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)� SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)� WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)� WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)� 802.1x
2.18 Identify authentication protocols (For example: CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), MS-CHAP (Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service), Kerberos and EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)).
Domain 3.0 Network Implementation (25%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
3.1 Identify the basic capabilities (For example: client support, interoperability, authenti-cation, file and print services, application support and security) of the following server operating systems to access network resources:� UNIX/Linux/Mac OS X Server� NetWare
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� Windows� AppleShare IP (Internet Protocol)
3.2 Identify the basic capabilities needed for client workstations to connect to and use net-work resources (For example: media, network protocols and peer and server services).
3.3 Identify the appropriate tool for a given wiring task (For example: wire crimper, media tester/certifier, punch down tool or tone generator).
3.4 Given a remote connectivity scenario comprised of a protocol, an authentication scheme, and physical connectivity, configure the connection. Includes connection to the fol-lowing servers:� UNIX/Linux/MAC OS X Server� NetWare� Windows� AppleShare IP (Internet Protocol)
3.5 Identify the purpose, benefits and characteristics of using a firewall.
3.6 Identify the purpose, benefits and characteristics of using a proxy service.
3.7 Given a connectivity scenario, determine the impact on network functionality of a par-ticular security implementation (For example: port blocking/filtering, authentication and encryption).
3.8 Identify the main characteristics of VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks).
3.9 Identify the main characteristics and purpose of extranets and intranets.
3.10 Identify the purpose, benefits and characteristics of using antivirus software.
3.11 Identify the purpose and characteristics of fault tolerance:� Power� Link redundancy� Storage� Services
3.12 Identify the purpose and characteristics of disaster recovery:� Backup/restore� Offsite storage� Hot and cold spares� Hot, warm and cold sites
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