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Network Convergence

Mike HluchyjFounder and CTOSonus Networks

www.sonusnet.com

ICC 2002New York City

Wednesday, May 1, 2002

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A Little Perspective

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Birth ofCommunications

Society

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A Little Perspective

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Birth ofCommunications

Society

DigitalTransmission

PacketNetworks

Connection &Connectioness

ConvergedNetworks

Switching

QoS

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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for

network architecture

� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and howthey are connected

� IP has won the network architecture battle

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Carrier Plans for NextGen VoiceInfrastructure

IPATM

4 Years Ago

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IPATM

Carrier Plans for NextGen VoiceInfrastructure

Today

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Turning Point: 1995

� ATM lost the battle to the desk top� ATM too complex for LANs

� Applications built on IP, migration to ATMdifficult

� Ethernet data rate increased: 10 - 100 - 1000Mb/s

� Ethernet’s significant growth rate assured itsposition as the lowest cost networktechnology

� Long-term dominance of IP clear

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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for

network architecture

� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and how they areconnected

� IP has won the network architecture battle

� Role for other architectures will diminish over time

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Consolidation of Lower Layers

� Each layer adds overhead in terms of protocolprocessing, configuration complexity and bandwidthconsumed

� When the perceived benefit of a layer no longerjustifies its overhead, the layer is eliminated

IP

ATM

SONET/SDH

DWDM

QOS

Restoral

IP

ATM

SONET/SDH

DWDM

IP

ATM

SONET/SDH

DWDM

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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for

network architecture

� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and how they areconnected

� IP has won the network architecture battle

� Role for other architectures will diminish over time

� Recycling of ideas: “the more things change, themore they stay the same”

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Interconnection Evolution

� Leased Line

LANRouter

Router

Router

Router

Leased LineCircuits

DigitalCross-

Connect

LAN

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Interconnection Evolution

� Leased Line

� Frame Relay

LANRouter

Router

Router

Router

Frame RelayVirtual Circuits

Frame RelaySwitch

LAN

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Interconnection Evolution

� Leased Line

� Frame Relay

� ATM

LANRouter

Router

Router

Router

ATM PVCs

ATMSwitch

LAN

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Interconnection Evolution

� Leased Line

� Frame Relay

� ATM

� MPLS

LANRouter

Router

Router

Router

MPLS LSP

MPLS CoreRouter

LAN

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Interconnection Evolution

� Leased Line

� Frame Relay

� ATM

� MPLS

� Optical Switching

LANLAN

RouterRouter

Router

Router

DWDM

OpticalSwitch

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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for

network architecture

� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and how they areconnected

� IP has won the network architecture battle

� Role for other architectures will diminish over time

� Recycling of ideas: “the more things change, the morethey stay the same”

� Connectionless architecture with connection-oriented support infrastructure is a reoccurringtheme

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Real-Time Traffic

LANLAN

RouterRouter

Router

Router

Connection-Oriented Transport

Connectionless Network

Connection-Oriented Applications

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Network Convergence: Voice+Data

Data traffic is exploding...

Data

Voice

� Voice trafficbecoming smallpercentage of data

� Packet technologydominates network

� Migration of voice topacket is clear

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Switching Evolution� 1878 - Manually operated central switchboard

� 1892 - Electromechanical switching

� 1897 - Rotary dialed-based automatic exchange

� 1938 - Crossbar switching

� 1961 - Stored Program Control

� 1976 - Digital Switching

Carriers, service providers, nextgen equipment providersand incumbent suppliers all agree that VoP will form the

foundation for the next 25 years.

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New Telephony Model

Switching FabricLine

InterfacesTrunk

Interfaces

Call ProcessingMgt.

Circuit Switch

Packet SwitchingFabric/Network

AccessGateways

TrunkingGateways

SoftswitchEMS

Softswitch Architecture

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Deployment Flexibility

Centralized Partially Distributed Distributed

Packet

Network

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Starts at the Core: Trunking

TraditionalTraditionalTraditional

SoftswitchSoftswitchSoftswitch

EOEO

IPIPIP

PBX PBX

PBX PBX

PacketPacket

SS7/C7

SS7/C7

GatewaySwitch

EOEO

EOEO EOEO

Softswitch

GatewaySwitch

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Moves to the Edges: Access

IntegratedAccessDevice

Cable

xDSL

Packet

SS7/C7

Circuit

IPPhone

GatewaySwitch

PBX

Softswitch

LineAccess

Gateway

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Application and Media Servers

Application andMedia Servers

GatewaySwitch Softswitch

ASAS MSMSMSMS

SIP

� Voice Equivalent of WebServer

� Standard HW/SW

� Standard protocols (IP)

� Leverage Internetapplication developmenttools

� Brought into call by Softswitchas required

� Unlimited applicationpossibilities

• Pre-Paid Card• Unified Messaging• Network Call Ctr.

Packet

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Switch DecompositionServiceProvider

OSS

EMS

Media Processing & Switching

Call Control& Signaling

Service Selection& Routing

Echo Cancellation, Voice Coding,Audio Processing, BearerChannel Adaptation/Switching

PSTN and Packet Signaling, CallControl, Device Control

Service Determination, NumberTranslation, Call Routing

Function

Resource State,DSP and Data FlowDriven

Call State, ProtocolStack and StateMachine Driven

No Call State,Database Driven

Characteristics

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Switch Decomposition

SignalingA

SignalingB

ResourceManagement

Call Control

BearerA

BearerB

ResourceChain

Service Selection and Routing

TDM

(T1, E1, T3,

OC3, STM-1)

IP/UDP/RTP

ATM/AAL1

ATM/AAL2

H.323

SIP, SIP-T

Q.2931, BICC

TCAP

INAP

ISUP

ISDN

CAS

ENUM

LDAP

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Bearer ChannelAdaptation/Switching

TDM TDM

TDM VoIP

TDM VToA

VoIP VoIP

VoIP VToA

VToA VToA•••

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Media Processing

G.711 G.711

G.711 G.729a

G.711 G.723

G.711 G.726

G.726 G.729a•••

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Signaling

SS7

PRI

CAS

SIP

SIP-T H.323

Q.2931

BICC

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Network Interconnect

PacketPacketCoreCore

SS7

PSTNLATA

GatewaySwitchPSTN

LATA

SS7 GW Softswitch

PSTNVToA International

H.323Termination

VoIPAccess

IPPhones

VoIPASP

ApplicationServers

GatewaySwitch

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Softswitch

Packet Peering

IP CoreIP Core

IPCore

IPCore

Softswitch

VoIPAccess

IPPhones

VoIPASP

ApplicationServers

Softswitch

RTP+SIPPeering Point

Softswitch

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Packet Peering� Regulate call and traffic flow between two networks

� Different Carriers (“Firewall” protection)

� Same Carrier (divide VoIP network into moremanageable subnets)

� Functions

� Call Admission and Routing via Softswitch

� Security (e.g., protection against DoS attacks)

� Traffic Policing

� Network Address Translation (NAT)

� Think of it as a tandem/toll switch with packet-basedRTP and SIP instead of TDM-based DS0 and SS7

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Summary� Core network infrastructure based on IP

� It’s native to the endpoints� No other network architectures are on the horizon

� Connection-oriented networks are not dead

� There is a new, more flexible and distributed architecture forswitching - Softswitch

� Packet peering architectures for real-time traffic (voice andvideo) are recreating the connection-oriented, circuit-switchmodel of the last 120 years

� “The more things change, the more they stay the same.”