Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
NET323 D:
NETWORKS PROTOCOLS
Lab # 6 : Dynamic Route (OSPF – Single area) Networks and Communication
Systems Department
TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
1
Lab Objectives 2
To connect small LANs using routers.
To configure dynamic route on the routers using
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
To send ICMP message between devices in
different networks.
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Lab Content
Dynamic Route
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
OSPF properties
How to configure OSPF “single area” on the router
Scenario (Configuring OSPF ”single area” on the
routers)
3
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Building a routing table
4
There are two basic methods of building a routing
table:
1. Static Routing
2. Dynamic Routing
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Dynamic Route
5
A dynamic routing table is created, maintained, and updated by a routing protocol running on the router.
Examples of routing protocols include
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
Dynamic routing table is updated periodically using one of the dynamic routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, or EIGRP.
Whenever there is a change in the Internet, such as the shutdown of a router or breaking of a link, the dynamic routing protocols update all of the tables in the routers.
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
OSPF(Open shortest Path First) 6
OSPF is a link-State routing protocol, designed to scale
efficiently to support large network
Use COST as its metric, which is computed based on
bandwidth of the link
Uses the concept of areas to implement hierarchal routing
Unlike the RIP which the entire routing table is sent, only
the part that has changed.
Using multicasts the updated information only when
change has taken place
OSPF can be Single area or Multi area
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. May AlKhamis
OSPF properties 7
1- Based on Link State
2- Each router has three tables (neighbors table, topology table (Link state
database) and Routing table.
3- Multicast the routing table to only routers that used OSPF as routing protocol
(multicast addresses are 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6) less overload
4- Sending only triggered updates ( if there is change on the topology) less
overload
5- Unlike the RIP which the entire routing table is sent, only the part that has
changed
6- Can support classless as well as classful addresses
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
OSPF properties cont. 8
7- Letter that used to represent OSPF on the routing table is O
8- the Administrative distance value of OSPF is 110 ( more reliable than RIP)
9- OSPF uses COST as its metric, which is computed based on bandwidth of the
link using this formula (Cost = 100 000 000
𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ) )
10- Suitable for large networks (uses the concept of areas to implement
hierarchal routing)
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
How to configure OSPF (single area) on the router?
9
OSPF configuration
For each router, you have to configure only its directly connected networks by using the following command ( in the global configuration mode):
router ospf 1
network [network address] [Wildcard mask] area 0
.
.
exit
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
How to configure OSPF (single area)on the
router? Cont. 10
Command description
Router ospf 1 Puts you in router OSPF configuration mode
1 is process id and can be any number
Network [network address] Tell the routing protocol what network to
advertise (followed by the network address)
in dotted-decimal notation
Wildcard mask Inverted of subnet mask (in dotted-decimal
notation)
Area id Can be any number ( if you use OSPF single
area, it must be 0 )
Exit To exit from the router OSPF configuration
mode.
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
[Example] Configuring OSPF (single area) on
a router (Router 1) 11
Example :
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 1: router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 50.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 exit
Router 1 Router 2
10.0.0.0 /8 192.168.1.0 /24
[Example] Configuring OSPF (single area) on
on a router (Router 2) 12
Example :
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 1 Router 2
10.0.0.0 /8 192.168.1.0 /24
Router 2: router ospf 1 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 50.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 exit
Scenario # 1 13
1. Create two simple LANs (each LAN contains three devices)
2. Connect the two LANs using two router to create the third network (as shown in the following figure)
3. Configure OSPF (single area) on the routers
4. Perform a ping between PC “A” and PC “D” in realtime mode.
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
1. Open The Packet tracer
2. Add three PCs to the workspace ( by select the Generic PC under End Devices and drag it onto the workspace)
3. Rename them and set their IPs as the following:
Note: the network address will be 10.0.0.0 why??
Step 1 (Create the first network) 14
PC name IP Mask
A 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
B 10.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
C 10.3.3.3 255.0.0.0
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 1 (Create the first network) cont.
15
4. Drag Switch-PT to the workspace
5. Using Copper Straight-through cable connect the
three PCs to the switch as the following:
PC name Switch ports
A Fast Ethernet 1/1
B Fast Ethernet 2/1
C Fast Ethernet 3/1
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 1 (Create the first network) cont.
16
Then perform a ping between PCs to test the connection in real
time mode.
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
1. Add one PCs and one laptop to the workspace ( by
select the Generic PC and Generic laptop under End
Devices and drag them onto the workspace)
2. Rename them and set their IPs as the following:
Note: the network address will be 192.168.1.0 why??
Step 2 (Create 2nd network) 17
End device
type
name IP Mask
PC D 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
laptop E 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
laptop G 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 2 (Create the 2nd network) cont.
18
3. Drag Switch-PT to the workspace
4. Using Copper Straight-through cable connect the
devices to the switch as the following:
Device name Switch ports
D Fast Ethernet 1/1
E Fast Ethernet 2/1
G Fast Ethernet 3/1
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 2 (Create the 2nd network) cont.
19
Then perform a ping between devices (PC and laptops) to test the
connection in realtime mode.
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 3 (Create the 3rd network)
20
1. Drag two Generic Router-PT to the workspace
2. Using Copper Straight-through cable, connect first Router
to the switch in the 1st network(using interface f0/0 in the
router)
3. Using Copper Straight-through cable, connect second
Router to the switch in the 2nd network(using interface f0/0 in
the router)
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
4. Using Copper Cross-over cable, connect the first Router
with the second Router (using interface f1/0 in both
routers)
Assign the following IPs to the router interfaces:
Router 1 :
Router 2 :
Step 4 ( Assigning IPs to router interfaces)
21
Connection IP Mask
Fast Ethernet 0/0 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Fast Ethernet 1/0 50.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Connection IP Mask
Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Fast Ethernet 1/0 50.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Step 4 ( Assigning IPs to router interfaces) cont.
22
You have to enter to the CLI of the router by
clicking on it and then choose CLI tab
1
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 1 Configuration ( interface f0/0)
23
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 1 Configuration ( interface f1/0)
24
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 2 Configuration ( interface f0/0)
25
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 2 Configuration ( interface f1/0)
26
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Network # 1
For each PC, change the gateway to 10.1.1.1 which is the
gateway of the first network
Step 5 ( Adding Gateway)
27
The gateway of first network
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 5 ( Adding Gateway) cont. 28
1
3
Adding gateway
Desktop tab IP configuration enter gateway
*Repeat the same steps for PC “B” and PC “C”
2
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Network # 2
For each PC, change the gateway to 192.168.1.1which is
the gateway of the second network
Step 5 ( Adding Gateway) cont.
29
The gateway of second network
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 5 ( Adding Gateway) cont. 30
1
3
Adding gateway
Desktop tab IP configuration enter gateway
*Repeat the same steps for laptop “E” and laptop “G”
2
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
In OSPF configuration:
For each router, you have to configure only its directly connected networks (that you want to advertise to another routers)
By using the following command in global configuration mode:
router ospf 1
network [ network address] [wildcard mask] area 0
.
.
exit
Step 6 ( OSPF “single area” Configuration)
31
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
List all directly connected networks
OSPF “single area” configuration on Router 1
32
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 1
33
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Router 2
OSPF “single area” configuration on Router 2
Step 7 (Performing a ping in realtime mode)
34
Click on PC”A” “Desktop”
tap Command Prompt
Write the following command Ping 192.168.1.2
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Step 8 (Showing Routing table for the two Routers)
35
Use the following command to show the routing table at
privilege mode
Show ip route
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Routing table (Router 1)
36
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Identifies the Administrative Distance and the metric of this route.
**The 1st number is administrative distance and the 2nd number is the metric
C Identifies that the network connected directly with the router,
O Identifies that the route was dynamically created by OSPF.
Identifies the network address of the connected network.
Identifies the interface that used to route the packet to the network.
Identifies the next hop address that used to route the packet to the network.
Routing table (Router 2)
37
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
Identifies the Administrative Distance and the metric of this route
**The 1st number is administrative distance and the 2nd number is the metric
C Identifies that the network connected directly with the router.
O Identifies that the route was dynamically created by OSPF.
Identifies the network address of the connected network.
Identifies the interface that used to route the packet to the network.
Identifies the next hop address that used to route the packet to the network.
Note
38
You can use the following command to show the neighbor table
at privilege mode
Show ip ospf neighbor
You can use the following command to show the topology table
(link state database) at privilege mode
Show ip ospf database
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa
References
39
Cisco Packet Tracer Help
Balchunas, A. (2007). Static vs. Dynamic Routing. Retrieved 2015, from
http://www.routeralley.com/guides/static_dynamic_routing.pdf
Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Routing Dynamically. (2015, September 3).
Retrieved 2015, from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210&seqNum=12
Jabbar, G. (2012, January 3). Cisco ASA – Administrative Distance and Metric. Retrieved 2015,
from http://www.gomjabbar.com/2012/01/03/cisco-asa-administrative-distance-and-
metric/#sthash.cbKhlDvF.dpbs
Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Routing Dynamically. (2014, March 24). Retrieved 2015, from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210&seqNum=12
Basic Cisco IOS Commands and Descriptions Cisco Forum FAQ | DSLReports, ISP Information. (2015, August 19). Retrieved 2015, from http://www.dslreports.com/faq/8979
Distance Vector and Link State Protocols. (2012, August 7). Retrieved 2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygxBBMztT4U
Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa