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Net Owned Funds–NOF Ultimate Loss Ratio–ULR Gilt Account Holders —GHA Early Warning System —EWS Multi-Level Marketing —MLM Export Credit Refinance–ECR Annual Percentage Rate —APR Cash Deposit Machines–CDMs Subsidiary General Ledger–SGL Counter-party Credit Risk —CCR Credit value adjustments —CVA Aadhaar Payment Bridge —APB Trade Receivables System —TReDS Overseas Direct Investments —ODI Dynamic Currency Conversion–DCC White Label ATM Operators –WLAOs Cardholder Preferred Currency–CPC Mortage gurantee companies —MGC Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffer–CCCB Bunch Note Acceptor Machines–BNAM Priority sector lending certificates —PSLCs Prepaid payment instruments issuers –PPIIs State-Level Coordination Committees–SLCC Financially Sound and Well-Managed–FSWM Asset Liability Management Committee–ALCO Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process–SREP Producers Organisation Development Fund–PODF Counter cyclical Capital Conservation Buffer —CCCB Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process —ICAAP Central Repository of Information on Large Credits —CRILC Date of Commencement of Commercial Operations —DCCO
AJAI__Indian army exciseAKRAMAN-2__ Indian army — RajasthanSARDAR VIJAY__Indian airforce exercise_rajasthanSARVADA VIJAY __ Indian army _ rajasthanFOAL EAGLE__South korea & USAGARUDA__India-france_ Air exerciseHAND-HAND _India & ChinaINDRA__India & russiaJIMEX __India & japanKOMADO-2014 –IndonesiaMALBAR –US & IndiaMARITIME-coperation — India & china & pakistanMILAN __India & 16 countiresMITRA SAKTHI__India & srilankaNASEEM AL-BAHR__India & omanPEACE ANGLE__Pakistan & ChinaTROPEX __ India naval exercise__ Indian ocean & Bay of bengal & Arbian sea
SHATRUJEE__ India & USASHADE__Naval forces of india,japan,chinaSTART__Russia & USASIMBEX__ India & singaporeSURYA-KIRAN__India & nepalYUDH-ABHYAS__India & USVARUNA__India&France
*814 — ARITILLARY GUNS — buy & make –indigeniuos
*440 — HELICOPTER as per budget 2014-15
*300 — Spike anti-missile tanks — ISRAEL
*200 — SUKHOI -latest– RUSSIA– 5th generation
*197 — Light ultra helicopters –CHIRIOOK /APACHE –USA
*126 — MMRCA — france
*114 — DHANUSH GUNS–indigenious
*106 — PILATUS aircraft –Switzerland
*100 — MIG -21 J
*56 — Transport aircraft for india airforce
*36 — DASAULT RAFALE — ready to fly — FRANCE
*16 — Multi role Helicopter –BOEING –USA
*15 — Amphbious patrol aircraft –JAPAN
*6 — SUBMARINES — INS kolkatta, KAMROTA, KALYANI , VISHAPATNAM, VIKRANT ,
*INS ARIHANT –nuclear submarine
* INS VIKRMADITYA — air craft carrier
*4 — CHINTAL from india -to – afganistan
1.SNAPDEAL* Fashion products discovery site–Doozton.com
*Mobile-payments company– FreeCharge.com*Luxury fashion products discovery site–Exclusively.in* Gifting recommendation site–Wishpicker.com*Stake in product comparison website– Smartprix.com* Majority stake ofwhich provides a digital platform for financial products —RupeePower*LOGASTIC company —20% stake in Gojavas.com
Memory tool:–“SNAP Word in SNAPDEAL “DOOSZTON (dooston-friends) meri FREE me puri hone wali EXCLUSIVELY WISH hai ki meri koi SMART-PRIX(pic) click kre taki mujhe POWER mile,so GO.(GOJAVAS)———————————————————————————
2.GOOGLE
*IRCTC contract(INDIAN RAILWAY FOR 20B$)*Mobile software–Timeful*Photo/video sharing & storage —Odysee*Surround sound technology--Thrive Audio*App advertising and discovery — REDHOT LABS*Mobile payments- SOFTCARDS*3D Painting —Tilt Brush*(acquired Israeli mapping service FOR 1.3B$)–Waze*(bengulru based cyber security firm 90M $-Imperium *Jetpac*Child-friendly apps– LAUNCH PAD TOYS*Skybox for $ 500 million
Memory Tool:-“GOOGLE Girl” Jb main RAILWAY station se bahar aya us TIME ik ladki ODYSEE(audi-car se) THRIVE(drive) krke ruki,REDHOT,SOFTcards,TILT,WAZE(wowss) thi wo.mera dil Impress (IMPERIUM) hoke JET ki
tra LAUCH PAD seSKY me ud gya
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3.FACEBOOK
*LITTLE eye labs (BANGLORE) –90crores*19B$–whatapp*2$B–OCULUS*Fitness tracking app Moves--ProtoGeo Oy*Data plan firm –-Pryte
*Ecommerce–THE FIND*Video compression company —Quickfire
Memery tool:- FACEBOOK and whatapp both used for messaging……jb nind me LITTLE EYE khudi thi to WHATAPP par OCULUS ka msg aya ki othhooo(PROTO) ,tumari crushPRYTE(preeti) FIND on facebook,ye sun k mere andre QUICKFIRE si lg gyi
——————————————————————————–4.APPLE
*Augmented reality–Metaio*Camera COMPANY —LinX*Database–Foundation DB
*Maps —Coherent Navigation*Keyboard App–Dryft*Music analytics —Semetric
Memory tool- “Offering APPLE to child”Beta!!(META) lo (Li-nX) kohere (COHERENT) [kohera=cold weather in hindi]me paida (FOUNDATION ) hota hai ye dry(DRYFT) seb (SEM_etric) [SEB=APPLE]
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5.ALIBABA
*25 % stake in One97 Communication*25% stake in Paytm*US online retailer Zulily –US$56 million stake in*Chinese smartphone maker Meizu – $590m minority stake*Alibaba Group Holdings Ltd may scrap plans to invest —Snapdeal* Bangalore-based mobile application startup Dexetra-– 90 crores
*Aquires stake in SNAPCHAT , AUTONAVIA, UCWEB , YAHOO,ADCHINA,
Memory tool- “Paying money to baba”bhikhari-baba ko jb mane 197 (ONE97) pay(PAYTM) kiya ZULILY kehti meko(MEIZO),itna bda kaam SNAP(SNAPDEAL) dejra.(DEXATRA)
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6.MICROSOFT
*Text Analytics Service–Equivio*Statistical computing and predictive analytics–Revolution Analytics*Sunrise Atelier--Calendar Applications*N-trig–Styli
*LiveLoop–PowerPoint collaboration*Datazen Software–Mobile business intelligence & Data visualization*To-Do lists–6Wunderkinder*NOKIA-– 3.79 Billion euros
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7.FLIPKART
*Acquires to strengthen its mobile platform–Appiterate*global mobile network– AdiQuity*Acquired Myntra.com in an estimated – 20 billion₹
Memory tool-“ KART from FILPKART”Jb mujhe mall me appitite(APPITERATE) lgi to maine achi quality(ADI_QUITY) ka santra(MYNTRA) cart me dal liya..
Nokia
*Alcatel-Lucent $16.6 Billion*JUNIPER-CLOUD BASED internet
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8.MISCELLANEOUS
Capgemini aquired — IgateTWITTER __ ZipDial--Mobile marketing and analyticsAMAZON–WASHINGTON POST 250 m$Cipla BUYS –14.6%--CHASE chemicalsCoginizant buys -ITAASSUNPHARMA– RANBAXY( 3.2 B$)TCS—ALTI--75 million euroVODAFONE — NEOTEL Telecom(southafrica) 676$million
1.Report of Committee on Data Standardization– P. Parthasarathi
2.Report of the Internal Working Group (IWG) to Revisit the Existing Priority Sector Lending Guidelines– Lily Vadera
3.Report of the Committee on Capacity Building in Banks and non-Banks– G Gopalakrishna
4.Report of the Internal Working Group on Implementation of Counter-cyclical Capital Buffer– B. Mahapatra
5.Report of the Committee on Data and Information Management in the Reserve Bank of India–Shri D.K.Mohanty
6.Estimates of Productivity Growth for the Indian Economy –B N Goldar
7.Report of The Committee to Review Governance of Boards of Banks in IndiA–P.J.Nayak
8.Report of the Working Group on Resolution Regime for Financial Institutions– Anand Sinha
9.Report of the GIRO Advisory Group–Umesh Bellur
10.Report of the Group on Enabling PKI in Payment System Applications–Anil Kumar Sharma
11.Report of the Working Group on Pricing of Credit–Shri Anand Sinha
12.Report of the Committee to Recommend Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit Information Companies–Aditya Puri
13.Implementation Group on OTC Derivatives Market Reforms–R. Gandhi
14.Report of the Committee on Financial Benchmarks–P. Vijaya Bhaskar
15.Report of the Technical Committee on Mobile Banking–B Sambamurthy
16.Report of the Technical Committee on Enabling Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in Payment System Applications– Anil Kumar Sharma
17.Report of the Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework–Urjit Patel
18.Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households–Nachiket Mor
19.Additional views on the report received from two members of the Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households–Smt. Shikha Sharma and Shri S S Mundra
20.Report of the Technical Committee to review the form of presentation of the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account–Y. H. Malegam
21.Report of the Committee on Capacity Building in Banks and non-Banks–G Gopalakrishna
22.The Internal Working Group on Implementation of Counter-cyclical Capital Buffer–B.Mahapatra
23.Committee on Data and Information Management in the Reserve Bank of India-D.K.Mohanty
24.Estimates of Productivity Growth for the Indian Economy– B N Goldar
25.The Committee to Review Governance of Boards of Banks in India– P.J.Nayak
26.Working Group on Resolution Regime for Financial Institution–Anand Sinha
27.GIRO Advisory Group–Umesh Bellur
28.Group on Enabling PKI in Payment System Applications– Anil Kumar Sharma
29.Working Group on Pricing of Credit– Anand Sinha
30.Committee to Recommend Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit Information Companies– Aditya Puri
31.Implementation Group on OTC Derivatives Market Reforms –R. Gandhi
32.Report of the Committee on Financial Benchmarks-P. Vijaya Bhaskar
33.Technical Committee on Mobile Banking–B Sambamurthy
34.Technical Committee on Enabling Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in Payment System Applications–Anil Kumar Sharma
35.Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework– Urjit Patel
36.Additional views on the report received from two members of the Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households–Smt. Shikha Sharma and Shri S S Mundra
37.Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households–Nachiket Mor
37.Working group on BPLR –Deepak mohanty
38.Task force on co-operative credit revivial –A.Vaidhynathan
39.Rules for NBFC — Usha thorat
40.Advisory committe on WAMS– waysand means –C.ramchandran
41.working group credit bureau information — N.H.Siddique
42.Working group on flow control of credit SSI –A.S.GANGULY
43.Standing committe on international fiancial standards & codes — y.v.reddy
44.Recommendation on development index — raghuramrajan
45.report on monetary policy frame work — Urjit patel
46.Financial inclusion –Nachiket more
47.Differentiated bank licenses–Usha Thorat& Nachiket Mor
48.New money aggregates –y.v.reddy
49.RBI panel recommended setting up of specialized banks to cater to low income households–Nachiket mor
50.New bank licence -Bimal jalan
51.Adopted CPI as a new measure of inflation–urjit patel
52.Benchmark floating rate interest (especially home loans)–Anand sinha
53.BASEL-3 norms –Raghuramrajan
54.Finacial inclusion & payment bank system & low -house hold (specialised banks–NACHIKET
55.Governance on board of banks–p.j nayak
56.Finacial benchmarks on indian banking system –vijaybhaskar
57.Transaction to poll-based system of indian currency–vijaybhaskar
58.Credit information companies—Aditya puri
59.willful defaulter–S.S.kholi
60.Treating customers fairly for better banking service –Damodhran
61.Easy ness of gold loans recommend 75% loan on gold–K.U.B.Rao
62.RBI commmitee on financial sector reforms–gopal krishna
63.RBI commitee on mobile banking–B.sambha murthy
greek tragedy
Greece is facing sovereign debt crisis since it accumalted high levels of debt during the decade before the finacial crisis when the market was highly liquid. as the crisis got deepened there was a liquid crunch in the world economy making borrowings difficult as well as expensive and there by improper debt repayments on the time . resoans behind the greece issue is US sub-prime crises which effected in 2008.
Greece is small country in the world but it attracts all world from past 5 years as the main issue is finacial crises, finding the solution to attract the people who are interested in fianncial matters and showing interest in the stock issues trying to pay attention on them.
Reasons behind the greece tragedy makes the govt of greece panic that they will opt the EURO-ZONE , that effect the britain economic situation and at the same time all euro zone countries .
If the crisis does expand and envelope the whole world it will once again demonstrate how in a globalised financial environment one country’s problems can quickly become the concern of every government and international institution. Moreover, Greece had, while opting for the common currency, the euro, voluntarily surrendered its monetary policy to the European Central Bank. This has proved to be a severe handicap: with its own currency, the drachma, and the scope to make interest rate and exchange rate changes, Greece could possibly have fared much better. The economic self-discipline that Greece and other EU member countries were expected to observe has made their policies inflexible to respond to a crisis.
WHICH EFFECTS
Financial markets indicate that the crisis — now more aptly called the European sovereign debt crisis — shows signs of snowballing. Interest on two year sovereign bonds has soared to 20 per cent, a rate that indicates investors’ perception of an imminent default. Rating agencies have downgraded the debts of Spain and Portugal in addition to that of Greece.
Stocks in Europe fell, followed by declines in stock markets across the world. The euro hit a 14-month low in relation to the dollar. Even emerging markets such as India that had withstood the previous crisis better than most other countries and is now in the forefront of a global recovery is feeling the heat. The Sensex, which touched 18000 a month ago, has fallen back below 17000.
what greece government did in 2010?
–>Greek government had falsified statistics and attempted to obscure debt levels theoruh complex financial instruments also contributed to a drop in investor confidence
–>Before crisis , greek 10 year bond yields were 10 to 40 basis points above german 10 years bond. ith crisis , thsi spread increased to 400 basis pointin janurary 2010, which was at the time a record high
–>High bond spreads indicate declining investor confidence in the greel economy
How Greece Financial Crisis Affect Other Countries
Contagion_ If Greece is not helped, it could drag down the entire European Union &Threatening economies like Portugal, Spain and Italy , CYPRUS
Impact on southeastern europe _ serbia, albania, macedonia, romania,bulgaria,turkey
ABOUT GREECE
Captial – Athens Currency before Euro — drachama Member of EU_Greece joined in 1981 Adopted euro in the year -1999 In 2001, 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union Greece is a parlimentary republic
Main sector for gdp growth _ shipping & tourism greece rank in human development index 2014- 29th position Capitalist economy with the public sector _accounting for about 40% of GDP present PM* –Alexis Tsipras
Causes of Financial Crisis_
Public debt126.8% of GDP (2009) increased to 144% of GDP (2010)
Inflation1.2% (2009) increased to 4.5% (2010)
Unemployment rate9.4% (2009) increased to 12% (2010)
Current Account Balance-$34.43 billion (2009) to -$17.1 billion (2010)
*Financial crisis in greece_Government overspending with its national debt is $413.6 billion
Paying out salaries on the government dime, with huge holiday bonuses Government expenditures increased by 87% , revenues grew by only 31% Employees were paid a 14-month year instead of 12 months Also, the extra money gave many Greeks in their early retirement Rising unemployment Insufficent bureaurcacy Tax evation & corruption
One of the worst countries with debt in Europe
National debt, at €300 billion (aka $413.6 billion), is larger than the country’s economy Prediction estimated that the national debt will reach 120% of GDP in 2010 The country’s deficit is 12.7% of its national economy
The impact on the common European currency
15 other euro zone economies who have agreed to help out Greece IMF announced a bail-out package €95 billion ( $146.2 billion)
2010 the story begins of greece crisis
Due to over impact of of US subrpime crisis in the 11-year history of Europe’s monetary union. By the end of it we will know whether the Greek fiscal crisis can be contained or whether it will metastasise to other
parts of the eurozone.By then, the International Monetary Fund and the Greek government should have reached a deal.
There are three things to watch out for
–>First and most important, Greece will need to present a transition programme that explains how a large primary deficit can be turned into an equally large primary surplus without causing a slump in economic growth.
–>Second the total loan package has to be substantially higher than the €45bn pledged so far (of which €30bn is from the European Union, and the remainder from the IMF). The EU’s contribution is for one year only, and I see little chance that the EU will be able to increase it either now or next year. Axel Weber, president of the Bundesbank, has estimated that Greece will need about €80bn for the entire period of adjustment. That is about right. What we need to hear is a credible and watertight commitment that extends beyond €45bn. Greece will need cover for at least two years – during which all of the policy adjustment has to be decided, and most has to be implemented.
–>Third we need to watch the situation in Germany. The government originally tried to tag the Greek loan legislation on to an existing piece of legislation, but this ran into opposition. There will now be a full legislative process. Some parliamentarians from Angela Merkel’s coalition have already cast doubt on whether they will support it, including the parliamentary leader of the Bavarian CSU, the sister party of Ms Merkel’s Christian Democrats. They argue that the best solution would be for Greece to leave the eurozone and rejoin later. On this point, they are supported by large parts of the country’s legal and economic establishment.
NO IMPACT ON INDIA
Although India, with a fiscal deficit forecast of 8.5 per cent in 2010, may seem vulnerable to any worsening of the European fiscal crisis, its strong growth trajectory should ensure that its debt dynamics remain stable, while its deficit is primarily domestically-funded
It projects India’s economic growth at 8.5 per cent during 2010 and estimates the overall size of the Indian economy (GDP) at $1.67 trillion.
Global Emerging Markets Strategy Report, covering 22 nations, puts India in “neutral” category along with China, Chile, Mexico and South Africa. Listing its top picks, the report says, “our “overweight” calls are Taiwan, South Korea, Russia, Brazil, Turkey, Thailand; we are “neutral” in China, India, Chile, Mexico and South Africa.
Eurozone gives Greece ultimatum over bailout talks
*In 2015 JANUARY
The eurozone gave Greece an end-of-week ultimatum to accept a key condition in their talks on how to make the country’s debts sustainable after a meeting ended in acrimony. The creditor nations in the eurozone said Greece must request an extension to its bailout programme something Athens has vowed not to do, as it wants to scrap the deal, which it views as harmful to its economy, in favour of a new one with easier terms. The eurozone promised that if Greece accepts an extension to buy time and stave off financial uncertainty, it would offer an immediate renegotiation of the bailout’s terms.
Finally creditors get closer on terms of bailout
Greece has agreed to reforms that are very close to what creditors have demanded before they release new loans. The creditors in return offered Greece a five-month extension to its bailout program, which was supposed to end by june 31st 2015 . The concessions come only days after Greece proposed 8 billion euros in budget savings over two years
GREECE BAIL-OUT MYTHS so far
*BAIL-OUT __ AS per the aggrement made by eurocountries & greece govt with IMF
In 2010 FIRST BAIL-OUT__IMF relesed 110 billions (79 billion euroes) In 2012 –2nd BAIL OUT __ IMF relesed 100 billions (71 billion pounds) Total –> 210 Billion euroes == equals 14,70000 lakh indian currency note __ In 2015 __ 3rd bail out _ 13.4 B$ = 87000 CRORES (YET not confirm) IMF asked the euro countries to return back 1.5 billion from euro countries as made per aggrement dead line ends by june 31st ,2015 warned by IMF , IMF ready to relese the 3rd bailout + with 5 months
–> AGGREMENT extention
Failures of bailout return back
1.Improper reforms by government2.oppose from people due to reforms made by greece government3.Tight guidelines by IMF
IF debts are not return back
If debts are not return back by euro countries & greece govt .. IMF treated greece as “IMF DEFAULTER”
European countries should stop emergency fund to greece Greece should leave EURO-ZONE country.
Factors effect if greece left euro -zone
They should start own currency system and it will effect the country economy The rate will varies in the currency exchanges Import tariff rises as per new currency system Service tax increases It leads to recession to the country
STATEMENT made by greece PM
*on july 5th 2015 greece PM announced refrendum for IMF bail out & euro countries guide lines that makes a clarity on the next step for greece govt depends upon public .
SOLUTIONS for greece to over take the issues
What Greece should implement
Raise taxes on fuel, tobacco, and alcohol Raise the retirement age by 2 years Decrease government spending
Recommendation
sterilization decrease unemployemnt fix inflation rates
S.No City Name Nick Names
1Hyderabad-Secunderabad (Telangana)
Twin City
2 Hyderabad (Telangana)City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City
3 Tenali (Andhra Pradesh) Andhra Paris
4 Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) City of Chillies, City of Spices
5 Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh) Secon Bardoli of India
6 Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh) Cultural City
7 Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh)Fertilizer City, Pensioner’s Paradise, Second Madras
8 Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh) Place of Victory, Land of Victory
9 Amritsar (Punjab) Golden City
10 Patiala (Punjab) Royal City
11 Muzzaffarpur (Bihar) Lychee City
12 Ahmedabad (Gujarat) Manchester of India, Boston of India
13 Palanpur (Gujarat) City of Diamonds, Flower City
14 Surat (Gujarat) Diamond City
15 Bardoli (Gujarat) Butter City
16 Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) City of Lakes
17 Mundi (Madhya Pradesh) Power Hub City
18 Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) City of Rivers
19 Panipat (Haryana) City of Weavers, Eco-City
20 Gurgaon (Haryana) Millennium City
21Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar Pradesh)
Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers
22 Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari
23Varanasi or Benares or Banaras or Kashi (Uttar Pradesh)
City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India
24 Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) Leather City, Manchester of the East
25 Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) Sports Capital of india, Scissor City
26 Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants
27 Mysore (Karnataka) Sandal Wood City
28 Coorg (Karnataka) Scotland of India
29 Auroville (Pondicherry) City of Dawn
30 Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) Steel city, Pittsburg of India
31 Dhanbad (Jharkhand) Coal Capital of India
32 Udaipur (Rajasthan) Lake City, White City, Venice of the East
33 Jaipur (Rajasthan) Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India
34 Jodhpur (Rajasthan) Sun City, Blue City
35 Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) Golden City
36 Tezpur (Assam) City of Blood
37 Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa) Temple City
38 Cuttack (Orissa) Silver City
39 Yavatmal (Maharashtra) Cotton City
40 Mumbai (Maharashtra)City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of India, City of Dreams
41 Thane (Maharashtra) City of Lakes
42 Nasik (Maharashtra) Grape City, Wine Capital
43 Pune (Maharshtra) Deccan Queen
44 Nagpur (Maharashtra) City of Orange
45 Kolhapur (Maharashtra) City of Wrestlers
46 Ichalkaranji (Maharashtra) Manchester of Maharashtra
47Bengaluru or Bangalore (Karnataka)
Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City, Pensioners Paradise
48 Yercaud (Tamil Nadu) Poor Man’s Ooty
49 Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu) Leather City of South India
50 Salem (Tamil Nadu) Mango City
51 Namakkal (Tamil Nadu) Egg City
52Tiruchirappali or Trichy (Tamil Nadu)
Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital of India
53 Nilgris (Tamil Nadu) Blue Mountains
54 Chennai (Tamil Nadu)Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor city of India, Banking capital of India, Autohub of India
55 Madurai (Tamil Nadu) City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City
56 Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of Kongu Nadu, Engineering City of India
57 Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu) Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India
58 Rishikesh (Uttarkand) City of Sages, Yoga City
59 Nainital (Uttarkhand) City of Lakes
60 Mussorie (Uttarakhand) Hill Queen City
61 Kollam (Kerala)Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea
62 Alappuzha (Kerala) Venice of the East
63 Trivandrum (Kerala) City of Statues
64 Kochi or Cochin (Kerala) Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices
65 Kolkatta (West Bengal) City of Castles, City of Buildings
66 Asansol (West Bengal) Land of Black Diamonds
67 Darjeeling (West Bengal) The Queen of the Hills
68 Durgapur (West Bengal) Ruhr of India
69 Malda (West Bengal) Mango City
70 Siliguri (West Bengal) Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality
71 Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh) Land of Rising Sun
72Dispur (Assam) (A locality in the Guwahati city, which is capital of Assam)
City of Temples
73 Guwahati (Assam)City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of North East India
74 Shillong (Meghalaya) Scotland of the East
75New Delhi (NCR-National Capital Region)
City of Rallies
76 Noida (NCR) IT Capital of NCR S. No. State River1 Andhra Pradesh Godavari & Musi2 Bihar Ganga3 Delhi Yamuna4 Goa Mandovi5 Gujarat Sabarmati6 Haryana Yamuna7 Jharkhand Damodar, Ganga & Subarnarekha8 Karnataka Bhadra, Tungabhadra,Cauvery, Tunga & Pennar9 Kerala Pamba
10 Madhya PradeshBetwa, Tapti, Wainganga, Khan, Narmada, Kshipra, Beehar, Chambal & Mandakini.
11 Mahrashtra Krishna, Godavari, Tapi and Panchganga12 Nagaland Diphu & Dhansiri13 Orissa Brahmini & Mahanadi14 Punjab Satluj15 Rajasthan Chambal16 Sikkim Rani Chu17 Tamil Nadu Cauvery, Adyar, Cooum, Vennar, Vaigai & Tambarani18 Uttar Pradesh Yamuna, Ganga & Gomti19 Uttranchal Ganga20 West Bengal Ganga, Damodar & Mahananda
S.No STATE DANCE FORM1 Andhra Pradesh Kuchipudi.
Kottam2 Assam Ojapali
BihuAnkia Nat
3 Arunachal Pradesh Lion and Peacock dance
ChaloPopirBardo ChhamAji Lamu
4 Bihar Jata JatinFaguna or FagPurbiBidesia
5 Chhatisgarh PanthiRaut Nacha
6 Gujarat Dandya RasGarba Lasya NrityaBhavaiGarbaRasilaTrippan
7 Goa FugdiDekhnniTarangamelDhalo
8 Haryana SwangKhoriaGugga danceLoorSangDhama
9 Himachal Pradesh Luddi DanceMunzraKanayalaGiddha ParhaunHikat
10 Jammu and Kashmir RoufChakri
11 Jharkhand Karma12 Karnataka Yakshagana
BayalataSimha NutryaDollu KunithaVeeragase
13 Kerala ChakiarkoothuKathakaliMohiniattamOttam ThullalChavittu NatakamKaikotti KalaiKoodiyattamKrishnavattamMudiyettuTappatri Kai
Theyyam14 Lakshadweep Lava15 Madhya Pradesh Macha
LotaPandvanTertaliCharkulaJawaraMatki dancePhulpatti danceGrida danceMaanchGaur maria dance
16 Mizoram Chiraw (Bamboo Dance)17 Manipur Thang ta
Dhol cholomManipuri
18 Maharashtra TamashaDahi KalaLavaniLezim
19 Odisha OdissiSavariGhumaraPaikaChhauGotipuaSambalpur
20 Puducherry Garadi21 Punjab Bhangra
GiddhaDaffDhamanMalwaiJhumar,KarthiKikliSammiDandassLudiJindua
22 Rajasthan GhumarChakriGangaurJhulanLeelaJhumaSuisiniGhapal
Kalbelia23 Sikkim Singhi chham
Yak ChaamMaruniRechungma
24 Tamil Nadu BharatnatyamKumiKolattamKavadiKaragattamTheru koothuBommal attamPuliyaattamOyilattam
25 Telangana Perini ThandavamDappuLambadi
26 Tripura HojagiriGoriaLebang Boomani
27 Uttarakhand ChholiyaJagarsThali-JaddaJhaintaBarada Nat
28 Uttar Pradesh NautankiRaslilaKajriJhoraChhapeliJaita
29 West Bengal JatraChau
S.No Dam Name River StateHeight
(m)Length
(m)
Storage capacity (MCM)
1 Tehri Dam Bhagirathi Uttarakhand 260.5 575 3540
2Lakhwar Dam
Yamuna Uttarakhand 204 451 580
3 Idukki Dam Periyar Kerala 169 366 1996.3
4 Bhakra Dam SatlujHimachal Pradesh
167.64 518.16 —
5Pakal Dul Dam
MarusudarJammu & Kashmir
167 305 0.1254
6Sardar Sarover Gujarat Dam
Narmada Gujarat 163 1210 9500
7Srisailam (N.S.R.S.P) Dam
KrishnaAndhra Pradesh
145 512 8722
8Ranjit Sagar Dam
Ravi Punjab 145 617 3.28
9Baglihar Dam
CHENABJammu & Kashmir
143364.362
428.28
10Chemera I Dam
RaviHimachal Pradesh
140 295 391.3
11Cheruthoni (Eb) Dam
Cheruthoni Kerala 138.38 651 1996.3
12 Pong Dam BeasHimachal Pradesh
132.59 1950.7 8570
13Jamrani Dam
Gola Uttarakhand 130.6 465 208.6
14Subansiri Lower HE (Nhpc) Dam
SubansiriArunachal Pradesh
130 284 1365
15Ramganga Dam
Ramganga Uttarakhand 127.5 630 2448
16Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
KrishnaAndhra Pradesh
124.66 4865 11561.3
17Kakki (Eb) Dam
Kakki Kerala 116.13 336.19 455.02
18 Nagi Dam Nagi Bihar 113.5 1884 10.8029
19
Salal (Rockfill And Concrete ) Dam
ChenabJammu & Kashmir
113 487 28.5
20 Lakhya DamLakhya hole
Karnataka 108 1048 273.79
21Sholayar Dam
Sholayar Tamil Nadu 105.161244.18
152.7
22 Koyna Dam KoynaMaharashtra
103.02 807.72 2980.68
23Idamalayar (Eb) Dam
Idamalayar Kerala 102 373 1089.8
24 Supa Dam Kali Nadi Karnataka 101 331.29 417825 Karjan Dam Karjan Gujarat 100 903 630
26Kulamavu (Eb) Dam
Kilivillithode
Kerala 100 385 1996.3
27Koteshwar Dam
Bhagirathi Uttarakhand 97.5 300.5 88.9
28Lower : PPSP Dam
West Bengal
95 310 16
29Doyang Hep Dam
Doyang Nagaland 92 462 565
30 Rihand Dam RihandUttar Pradesh
91.46 932 10600
31Indira Sagar (NHDC) Dam
NarmadaMadhya Pradesh
91.4 654 12200
32 Warna Dam VarnaMaharashtra
88.8 1580 974.188
33 Bhatsa DamBhatsa and chorna
Maharashtra
88.5 959 976.1
34 Pillur Dam Bhavani Tamil Nadu 88 357 44.4
35Upper Kodayar Dam
Kodayar Tamil Nadu 88 166 98.51
36Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango Dam
HasdeoChhattisgarh
87 554.5 3417
37Jakham Main Dam
Jakham (mahi)
Rajasthan 87 253 142.02
38Teesta -V (NHPC) Dam
Teesta Sikkim 86.8 176.5 13.5
39Lower Ghatghar Dam
Maharashtra
86.14 449 3.21
40Kallada (Parappar) (Id) Dam
Kallada Kerala 85.35 335 524
41Madupetty (Eb) Dam
Palar Kerala 85.34 237.74 55.23
42Parbati II Dam
ParbatiHimachal Pradesh
85 101.5 6.55
43 Chakra Dam Chakra Karnataka 84 570 222.6
44Bandardhara Dam
ParavaraMaharashtra
82.35 2717 312.6
45Lower Vaitarna Dam
VaitarnaMaharashtra
82 567.07 204.98
46 Ukai Dam Tapi Gujarat 81 4927 7497
47Upper Aliyar Dam
Aliyar Tamil Nadu 81 315 —
48 Aruna Dam ArunaMaharashtra
80.41 1240 93.378
49Upper Bhavani Dam
Bhavani Tamil Nadu 80 419 101.2
50Podagada Dam
Podagada — 77.5 462 2300
A new second will be added on June 30, at 23:59:60 GMT. It is called as the leap second. Side note-2015 is not a leap year. On a normal day, the clock moves from 23:59:59 to 00:00:00 the next day. But on June 30, the one minute will have 61 seconds, and the clock will move from 23:59:59 to 23:59:60 before it reaches 00:00:000 on July 1.
Why need a leap second?
Earth’s rotation is gradually slowing down a bit, so leap seconds are a way to account for that. The rotation is slowing down thanks to a kind of braking force caused by the gravitational tug of war among Earth, the sun and the moon.
Due to the slowdown, earth is taking roughly 86,400.002 seconds to rotate around its axis(the average length of a day/ A mean solar day), rather than 86,400 seconds (which is 24 hours * 60 minutes * 60 seconds). Because of this a mean solar day likely hasn’t lasted 86,400 seconds since about 1820.
Other factors:
But, slowdown of rotation is not the only factor responsible for the length of the day.
For instance, seasonal and daily weather changes can influence the length of a day by several milliseconds every year, as can oceanic and atmospheric tides and variations in the atmosphere, oceans, groundwater and ice storage.
Even the cyclic climate phenomenon called El Niño can slow down Earth’s rotation, adding a millisecond onto a day.
These factors can change day length by redistributing mass and momentum within the different parts of Earth. As mass or momentum is redistributed, the rotation rate [of Earth] can change just like the spin of a skater changes when the arms are moved in or out.
By taking all these factors, scientists add a leap second usually on June 30 or Dec. 31 to lessen the gap between our clocks and the more precise atomic clocks.
Scientists added about one leap second every year from 1972 to 1999, but leap seconds have become less frequent since then; this June’s extra second is only the fourth since 2000, the last one was in 2012.
Problems:
In the past, leap seconds have caused problems for computer systems The extra second can create glitches galore for stock traders, computer programmers and airline
companies unless their systems are prepared for the change
Recognizing the problems being created by adding a leap second so frequently, alternatives have been proposed to provide accurate time. The International Telecommunication Union, an agency of the United Nations that addresses issues in information and communication technologies, will discuss the proposals and decide the issue.
Greece has decided to shut down banks and stock exchanges to avoid panic after creditors refused to extend the country’s bailout.
Greece moves towards defaulting on a €1.6 billion payment due to theIMF.
European Central Bank (ECB) has decided to freeze the funding it gives the banking system, rather than increasing it to cover a rise in withdrawals from worried depositors.
Greece’s Parliament approves referendum on creditors proposals for reforms in exchange for loans. This move stunned the international debt negotiators and the fellow Eurozone members countries have refused to extend the bailout programme.
Amid financial chaotic situation, the people in the streets of Greece queued outside banks to withdraw cash.
Greek Debt Crises
After the 2008 recession, Greece became the centre of Eurozone crises. In 2009, Greece announced that they have been understating their deficit for years.
Greece was shut down from borrowing in the financial markets and it started moving towards bankruptcy.
The International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission issued the first of two international bailouts for Greece to avoid a disastrous situation.
Effect on the global financial system
Since the crises began in 2009-10 most of the financial institutions have sold their Greek bonds and other holdings, so they are not vulnerable to what happen in Greece.
Still, Greece may be linked to the world financial system in ways that may not be evident until it defaults on its debts or its banks collapse.
