Nervous system/Sensory Organs

Same size as fish No care process for

young Small cerebrum

Sight-well developed Good size optic lobe Eyes=large @ top Detect prey Eyelids Nictitating membrane

“goggles” while swimming

Keep eyes moist

1) Olfactory lobe (scent)-connects to nostrils (draws in odors from water) by nerves

2) Cerebrum- reasoning- maternal care- controls higher brain functions

3) Optic lobe- sight (lens, optic nerve)- hearing

4) Cerebellum- coordinates balance/movement

5) Medulla- controls internal organs

6) Spinal cord- nerves transmitted

Nervous System/Sensory Organs

Sound- tympanic membrane Pick up vibrations Connects to

Eustachian Tube NOT EARS!!!!

Smell-Nares Internal & External High Set

Sight:Eyes: Covered with nictitating membrane

-clear covering-lower eyelid-like googles

Sound:

Frogs bring in air through nostrils. Mouth fills with air, as the air is forced back and forth between mouth and lungs it passes through the vocal sac. Vocal sac produces sound.

In many species only the males make crocking sound.

Skeletal System Land/terrestrial animals

rely on an endoskeleton for support. Inner skeletal system Few modifications for

being successful jumping: Few vertebrae Bones in forearm are fused

Radio-ulna Bones in hindlimb are larger

than others and fused Tibiofibula

To support force of

jump

Digestive System Larvae-herbivores Adult-carnivores Digestion starts in the

mouth 2 kinds of teeth

Used for gripping/holding prey and forcing it down gullet

DO NOT CHEW!!!!!

Food proceeds to the:

Pharynx (back of throat)

Gullet (opening to esophagus)

Esophagus -very elastic, allows them to swallow large prey.

Stomach -Where protein digestion occurs using gastric

juices

Small intestine No pyloric caeca Proteins, lipids, &

carbs. Digestion

Get enzymes from: pancreas

livergall bladder

Held in place with mesentery (cloudy membrane)

Food molecules absorbed into blood

Large intestine NO DIGESTION Removes excess H2O Storage of undigested

food until sent to cloaca to be removed

heart

liver

Large intestines

Small intestines

Cloaca Similar to the urogenital opening BUT… Digestive AND urogenital systems meet

here Stores urine, sex cells, & feces until

released

Vent Similar to anus BUT everything exists here-

urine, sex cells, feces.

The VENT ……… (the end for those lacking a sense of humor!!)

Circulatory System

Larvae (fish-like) 1 loop system 2 chambered heart

Adult:2 loop system3 chambered heart

2 Loop Circulatory System

Pulmonary Circulation blood travels from

heart to lungs and back to heart

Systemic Circulation blood travels from

heart to body and back to heart

Advantage of 2 loop system:

-faster blood flow to body-heart pumps blood to lungs then the

heart pumps the blood to the rest of the body.

3 Chambered Heart:

Left atriumRight atrium

Ventricle

Deoxygenated bloodto the lungs

Oxygenated blood from lungs

Oxygenated bloodto the body

Deoxygenated bloodfrom the body

3 chambered heart is inefficient because the “clean” and “dirty” blood mix in the ventricle.

Pathway of blood:

1. O2 blood from lungs enters left atrium.cLean blood = left side

2. CO2 blood from body enters right atriumdiRty blood = right

side3. Heart pumps sending O2 blood and CO2 blood into the ventricle. Both blood types mix.4. Heart pumps forcing “clean” blood to body and “dirty” blood to the lungs.

Respiratory system:

Larvae:-respire or exchange O2 and CO2

through gills and skin

Adults:-respire through lungs and skin

2 types:

Respire through moist skin-cutaneous respiration

Respire with lungs –pulmonary respiration

Lungs

Nostrils

Glottis (opening to trachea)

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Air sacs of lungs

Excretory System -Primary organ of

excretion is the two kidneys.

-Filters nitrogenous/cellular waste out of the blood.

-Waste and excess water collected travel through ureter to the bladder as urine.

-Passes into cloaca. -Exits out the vent.

                                            

Kidney

Uterer

Cloaca

Excretory System

Bladder

Reproductive System

Reproductive System

Male Frog: Sperm made in

testes Travels through

sperm ducts to cloaca

Exits out vent

Enlarged thumbs

Reproductive System

Female Frog: Eggs made in

ovaries Travel along oviduct

where jelly-coating is applied

Eggs empty out into cloaca & exit out vent when amplexus occurs

Fat BodiesFemale Eggs & Oviducts

Fall: Large amounts…..getting ready for hibernationSpring: Small amounts…..used during hibernation as energy supply.

See “Love is In the Air”

Fun Bio-Nerdy Amphibian Facts

Group of frogs= Army Group of toads= Knot

Fears…

Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs.Bufonophobia- Fear of toads.

Smallest frog= ~1cm

Largest Frog= 30cm

Close Eyes to Swallow

Toads CANNOT give you warts!!!

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Gastric-Brooding Frog

Glass Frog-See Heart Beating

The End-Hop to It!!!