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NERVOUS SYSTEM & SPECIAL SENSES. By: Alyce Baughman and Jessica Woodruff Period 3. FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM. -Main function is to control the operation and movements of the body based on the sensory information it gathers, both internally and externally. FUNCTIONS INCLUDE: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NERVOUS SYSTEM &
SPECIAL SENSESBy: Alyce Baughman and Jessica Woodruff
Period 3
FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM
-Main function is to control the operation and movements of the body based on the sensory information it gathers, both internally and externally
FUNCTIONS INCLUDE:-To maintain your consciousness-To help you respond to your senses-To help coordinate what you sense and feel-To allow learning and memory-To control other body systems
NEURON-Includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon-Dendrites and the cell body provide receptive surfaces-Axon arises from the cell body and can be enclosed in a myelin sheath and a neurilemma-Either multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar
SYNAPSE-Junction between 2 neurons-Presynaptic neuron carries an impulse into a synapse; post-synaptic neuron responds-Axons have synaptic knobs at distal ends, which secrete neurotransmitters-Neurotransmitter released when nerve impulse reaches end of axon-Neurotransmitter reaching the postsynaptic neuron membrane may trigger nerve impulse
STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN
-Composed of100 billion multi-polar neurons -Multi-polar neurons communicate with one another and with neurons in other parts of nervous system-Subdivided into the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM(CNS)
-Nerves of the brain and spinal cord-Central core of the body
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
-Cranial nerves arising from the brain
-Spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord
-Sensory neurons running from stimulus receptors that inform the CNS of the stimuli -Motor neurons running from the CNS to the muscles and glands, called effectors, that take action.
CNS AND PNS
CENTRAL VERSES PERIPHERAL
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM-Functions independently(autonomously) and without conscious effort-Regulates the visceral activities that maintain homeostasis-Reflexes controlled from the nerve centers in the brain and spinal cord
SUB-LEVELS Sympathetic Parasympathetic
-Responds to stressful and emergency conditions-Leave the spinal cord and synapse in paravertebral ganglia
-Most active under ordinary conditions-Begin in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord and synapse in ganglia near viscera
SOMATIC SENSES-Senses we feel with our bodies-Include sensations of touch and pressure, pain and temperature, and our muscle senses (proprioception)Example: If you feel someone touch your arm or face
SENSE OF TASTE & SMELL-The perception of chemicals in the air or in our food
-Tastants, chemicals in foods, are detected by taste buds-Taste buds consist of special sensory cells-When stimulated, these cells send signals to specific areas of the brain, which make us conscious of the perception of taste.-Specialized cells in the nose pick up odorants, airborne odor molecules-Odorants stimulate receptor proteins found on hairlike cilia at the tips of the sensory cells-Initiates a neural response. *Ultimately, messages
about taste and smell converge, allowing us to detect the flavors of food*