Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 1
Nervous System Homework
This homework is following the information in the Louise Tucker Book
The Nervous system is the C_________ and C__________ centre of the body.
There are ____ parts:
C_____________N____________S___________
P_________________N_____________S___________
The B______ is the main unit and is connected to the rest of the body by N_______
C_________ which function as M_________ carrying information to, and instructions
from, the B______________. They report back on P_________ S__________
D_______ so that the body can R___________ and remain in what is known as
H_______________: a stable P__________ state.
Label the Central Nervous System (CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 2
Topic 1 Structure
Nervous Tissue is composed of:
N_______ C________, known as N_________
N______________, a connective tissue which supports the N__________
Nerve Cells are the basic units of the system on which everything else is built. Like all
cells they have a M________________, a N_________ and C_____________
Some are very L___________ (up to 1 M_________ (sciatic nerve).
Label this nerve cell:
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 3
The Main Parts of a Nerve Cells are:
Cell body: the C_____________ of the N______________ with a
N______________ C___________ and O___________ such as
M_____________
Dendrites: N_____________ F_______________ like branches which transmit
N_________ I_____________ to the cell body.
Axon: a long single N________ F __________- which T_________________
N______________ I_____________ away from the cell body
Myelin Sheath: made of a W________ F_________ substance. This sheath
covers the A__________ and I_____________ it, protects it from
P_____________ and helps S___________ up nerve conduction. (like the insulation
covering of an electrical wire – imagine no insulation on a wire!)
Nodes of Ranvier: G____ in the M__________ S___________, and they
S_________ up the N__________ I___________
End feet/axon terminals: they P___________ on the A___________ impulse
to the D___________ of the next neurone.
Synapse: The P______where one N______________ meets another. A
C___________ M_______________ fills the gap between one
N__________and the next enabling the I_____________to be transmitted
Label the diagram below showing how cells communicate:
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 4
Topic 2: Function
Collective Function:
Motor (or E_____________ nerves) carry I_________ from the
B__________ or S__________ C______________ to
M_____________ or G_________ which then act on the
information
Sensory (or A_____________ nerves) carry I____________ from
A__________ parts of the body to the B______________
Mixed: carry B______ M__________ and S_____________ nerves
fibres.
White Matter: on the I__________ of the brain and the O_________- of the
S_________C__________
Grey Matter: on the O__________ of the brain and I__________- of the
S_________C__________
These are two good illustrations to help get the sense of motor/sensory
Motor Nerves Sensory Nerves
going from brain going to the brain
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 5
Topic 3 – Divisions of the Nervous System
The P___________ N___________ S___________ acts as the lines of
communication between the _______ and the rest of the body and is
further subdivided into the Somatic and A___________ N_________
S__________
Central Nervous System:
The Brain has _____ different sections
The C_________
The C___________
The B_____________ S______________
The C______________
This is the largest part of the brain
Functions: Controlling V_________movement,
Interpreting and perceiving C_________ S_____________ like
P________ H_______ and C________
Controlling M__________ A___________ like M________
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 6
The Cerebellum
Functions: Co-ordinating M_________ activity
Maintaining B__________
Hypo________________ Functions: helps with the
R_____________ of B_________ T_____________
W_________- B_____________ and M____________
Centre for drives and E__________ such as T___________,
A_______, S_______, P________and P________
It also regulates the P_____________ gland and is main link between
the N_________ and E_________ systems. It secretes O_____
and A________ for storage in the P_________ P___________
The B _______S_______ has _____ parts:
The M________, P_____ __________ and M______ __________
Pons ________ Function: transmits M____________to and from the S_______ C______ and
C___________
Medulla __________
L___________part of the brain stem, above S________ C_______ and below
the P_____V_______
Functions: Controls the:
C____________ C_______________
R___________ C_______________
V___________ C_______________
R___________ C_______________
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 7
The spinal_______ is the other main part of the C__________ N________
S______
Structure: extends from the M__________ O___________ through the
S__________ V___________ ending at the first L__________
v_____________. _____ pairs of S__________ N___________
Function: the S___________ C___________ carries M__________ and
S_________- nerve fibres along its length sending M_________ to and
from the B___________ and the B_____________
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 8
Topic 3 Other important parts of the Central Nervous System
Label this illustration of Cross Section of the Spinal Cord
The Meninges: are M_________which protect the whole of the ___.
There are ____ different layers:
D____ M________ - O__________ M_________
A_____________ __________
P_______ M___________
Cerebrospinal F______
Functions:
Protects the B_________ and S_________ C_________
Keeps the P_________ around the B______ and S_________ C_______
constant
T__________ N______ and removes W_______
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 9
The Peripheral Nervous System:
The P_____________ N__________ S_________ concerns all the
N_________ S__________ outside the CNS
It contains
____ pairs of C___________ N_______
____ pairs of S___________ N_______
Cranial Nerves – divided into ____ pairs e.g.
5th T_____________
O_________
M_________
M_________
7th F_________
M_____ supply the muscles of F_______ E__________ and
S___________ nerves supply nerves of T__________
Spinal Nerves
These nerves begin in the S_______ C______ and
supply all parts of the body not covered by the
C_______ N__________.
All mixed nerves, S___________ N___________
are divided into 31 pairs:
C_________ ____ pairs
T_________ ____ pairs
L_________ ____ pairs
S_________ ` ____ pairs
C_________ ____ pair
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 10
The Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic N_______ S_______ conducts impulses from the C_____ to the
S_________ M________.
Autonomic N_______ S_________ conducts impulses from the C________ to
C__________ and S____________ muscle
This is an I___________ system controlled by the H_________. Its nerves arise
from the M_________ O_________.
The A___________ ___________ __________ is further divided into
S________________ and P_________________ systems
Every O_________ has a S___________ and P______________ nerve supply
with opposite effects.
Sympathetic:
Functions: Prepares body for S__________ S_______ such
as E___________ or P____________ A__________
(F________ or F_________). N__________release
A__________ and N______________ and have the following
effects:
A______________ action of heart, increases R_________
V______________ of C___________ A______________ increasing
B_______ S__________ to the heart muscle
V______________ of vessel supply S___________ M__________
increasing O__________ and N__________ supply
Causes sustained C_____________of the S_______________ thus
increasing the volume of B___________ circulating.
V____________________ of vessels that supply the D__________
system and U______________ system, increasing B___________ available
for active muscles.
D___________ of B_______________ increasing volume of A______ that
can be inspired and E__________.
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 11
Parasympathetic
Functions:: Predominant system in N_____ S________ situations
and keeps N_________ B__________ F_____________ running
when the body is at rest:
S__________ action of the H__________-
V____________________ of coronary arteries.
V____________________ of vessels supply the digestive system and
U_________ system with C___________ of the B_______________ and
R_________ M_____________ increasing D___________, N__________
A___________, M_______________ and D_____________
C______ of the B______ decreasing the volume of A______ inspired and
E_______
Look up the meanings of:
Micturition,
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Parachute gently descending – Para – gently gently does it
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 12
Label this illustration
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 13
Reflexes
A reflex is an A___________ movement produced by a S___________ stimulus
e.g. a F________ touching boiling hot water will I___________ move away
Several structures are involved in the production of a R_____ and together they
constitute the R___________ A___________
This response leaves the brain out of the equation – if you had to wait for the brain to tell
you something was boiling hot or on fire you would get burned before you removed your
finger
Complete this illustration of an example of a reflex action:
www.jackiehamilton.co.uk Nervous System 19.6.13 14
Topic 4 Diseases and Disorders (Pathologies)
Please familairise yourself with these and also study the blue box called
interrelationships
Summary
The Nervous system is in ______ parts, the C_________ and P______________
including A__________ N___________ S____________
Informs and warns the body of E______________ changes,
S________________, P__________ and D___________ and initiates
R___________ to S_____________
Yes it is amazing isn’t it?
You’ve certainly been exercising yours! Well done!!
Jackie