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Nervous System Health Nervous System Health ConcernsConcerns
Health OccHealth Occ
ConcussionConcussion
EtiologyEtiology• Injury to the brain caused by an impact Injury to the brain caused by an impact
with an objectwith an object S/SS/S
• Headache, noise and light sensitivity, Headache, noise and light sensitivity, dizziness, nystagmusdizziness, nystagmus
TreatmentTreatment• No activity until symptom free for 24 hoursNo activity until symptom free for 24 hours• Stress test and re-evaluation by Health Stress test and re-evaluation by Health
care professionalcare professional
Spina BifidaSpina Bifida EtiologyEtiology
• A defect in the spinal cord in which the cord A defect in the spinal cord in which the cord and/or its covering protrude outside the and/or its covering protrude outside the vertebrae vertebrae
• congenitalcongenital S/SS/S
• Protrusion outside the skinProtrusion outside the skin• Varying degrees of paralysis, lack of feeling Varying degrees of paralysis, lack of feeling
and movement below protrusionand movement below protrusion TreatmentTreatment
• surgerysurgery
HydrocephalusHydrocephalus EtiologyEtiology
• An overproduction of CSF in the brainAn overproduction of CSF in the brain• Congenital, or result of infection or tumorCongenital, or result of infection or tumor
S/SS/S• Headache, swellingHeadache, swelling
TreatmentTreatment• Drain the fluid through theDrain the fluid through the
use of a shuntuse of a shunt
Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy
EtiologyEtiology• Cerebral damage during gestation or birthCerebral damage during gestation or birth
S/SS/S• Lack of motor coordination, Lack of motor coordination,
and other neurological and other neurological
deficienciesdeficiencies TreatmentTreatment
• No cureNo cure
Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s Disease
EtiologyEtiology• Progressive degeneration of neurons in Progressive degeneration of neurons in
brainbrain S/SS/S
• Deterioration in mental capacityDeterioration in mental capacity• Loss of memory, inability to use familiar Loss of memory, inability to use familiar
objects, and understand outside stimuliobjects, and understand outside stimuli TreatmentTreatment
• No cureNo cure• Keep brain active to help prevent itKeep brain active to help prevent it
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig’s DiseaseLou Gehrig’s Disease
EtiologyEtiology• Degenerative disease of the motor neurons Degenerative disease of the motor neurons
S/SS/S• Loss of muscle control Loss of muscle control • Death Death
TreatmentTreatment• Medications to relieve symptoms and Medications to relieve symptoms and
complications, maintain muscle functions and complications, maintain muscle functions and movement, and delay paralysis and disability for movement, and delay paralysis and disability for as long as possible.as long as possible.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
EtiologyEtiology• Destruction of the myelin sheath Destruction of the myelin sheath
S/SS/S• Muscle weakness, unsteady walking, Muscle weakness, unsteady walking,
paraesthesia (tingling), extreme fatigue, paraesthesia (tingling), extreme fatigue, paralysisparalysis
TreatmentTreatment• No cureNo cure• Medication to help slow and reduce Medication to help slow and reduce
symptomssymptoms
Myasthenia GravisMyasthenia Gravis EtiologyEtiology
• Overproduction of antibodies keeps Overproduction of antibodies keeps neurotransmitters from sending proper neurotransmitters from sending proper nerve impulses to skeletal musclesnerve impulses to skeletal muscles
S/SS/S• Muscle weakness, easily fatigued Muscle weakness, easily fatigued
TreatmentTreatment• No cureNo cure• Medication can help, lifestyle changesMedication can help, lifestyle changes
Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease EtiologyEtiology
• Degeneration of nerves in the brainDegeneration of nerves in the brain S/SS/S
• Tremors, weakness of muscles, difficulty Tremors, weakness of muscles, difficulty walkingwalking
TreatmentTreatment• Drugs that increase levels of dopamine Drugs that increase levels of dopamine
to help relieve symptomsto help relieve symptoms• No cureNo cure
EpilepsyEpilepsy EtiologyEtiology
• Abnormal conditions in the brain cause sudden Abnormal conditions in the brain cause sudden excessive electrical activity excessive electrical activity
S/SS/S• Chronic, recurrent seizure activityChronic, recurrent seizure activity• Petit Mal = momentary disorientationPetit Mal = momentary disorientation• Grand Mal = convulsions, twitching of limbs, loss Grand Mal = convulsions, twitching of limbs, loss
of consciousnessof consciousness TreatmentTreatment
• Anti-seizure Anti-seizure medicationmedication
Tourette’s SyndromeTourette’s Syndrome EtiologyEtiology
• Neurological dysfunctionNeurological dysfunction S/SS/S
• Uncontrollable sounds Uncontrollable sounds
and twitchesand twitches TreatmentTreatment
• Drugs to control Drugs to control
symptomssymptoms
MeningitisMeningitis
EtiologyEtiology• Inflammation of the meningesInflammation of the meninges• Bacterial, or viralBacterial, or viral
S/SS/S• Fever, headache, stiff neckFever, headache, stiff neck
TreatmentTreatment• AntibioticsAntibiotics• Medications for symptomsMedications for symptoms
EncephalitisEncephalitis EtiologyEtiology
• Inflammation of the brain from a viral Inflammation of the brain from a viral infection, or spread of infection to braininfection, or spread of infection to brain
• Infection from measles, mumps, or Infection from measles, mumps, or chickenpox, herpes (type 1)chickenpox, herpes (type 1)
S/SS/S• Fever, headache, seizures, weakness, Fever, headache, seizures, weakness,
visual disturbances, vomiting, stiff neck visual disturbances, vomiting, stiff neck and back, disorientationand back, disorientation
TreatmentTreatment• Antiviral medications to prevent deathAntiviral medications to prevent death
HemiplegiaHemiplegia EtiologyEtiology
• Paralysis on one side of the bodyParalysis on one side of the body• Usually due to a strokeUsually due to a stroke
S/SS/S• Unable to move one side or feel heat, cold, Unable to move one side or feel heat, cold,
pressure, painpressure, pain• Drooping eyelid or side of faceDrooping eyelid or side of face
TreatmentTreatment• No cureNo cure
ParaplegiaParaplegia EtiologyEtiology
• Paralysis from the waist down caused by Paralysis from the waist down caused by accident/injuryaccident/injury
S/SS/S• Inability to move or feel distal to the Inability to move or feel distal to the
injury sightinjury sight• Inability to control urine and bowel Inability to control urine and bowel
functionsfunctions TreatmentTreatment
• No cureNo cure
QuadriplegiaQuadriplegia
EtiologyEtiology• Paralysis from the neck downParalysis from the neck down• Injury to the 4Injury to the 4thth cervical vertebrae cervical vertebrae
S/SS/S• Inability to move or feel distal to the Inability to move or feel distal to the
injuryinjury• Prone to respiratory and urinary tract Prone to respiratory and urinary tract
infectionsinfections TreatmentTreatment
• No cureNo cure