Nervous System Nervous System

Agriculture, Food, and, Agriculture, Food, and, Natural Resource Standards Natural Resource Standards

AddressedAddressed AS.01.01. Evaluate the development AS.01.01. Evaluate the development

and implications of animal origin, and implications of animal origin, domestication and distribution on domestication and distribution on production practices and the production practices and the environment. environment. AS.01.01.02.a. Research and summarize AS.01.01.02.a. Research and summarize

major components of animal systems. major components of animal systems.

Nervous SystemNervous System

Detects and processes Detects and processes information and information and

formulates responses; formulates responses; coordinates and controls coordinates and controls

all bodily activity.all bodily activity.

Nervous SystemNervous System

The nervous system The nervous system sends and receives sends and receives

impulsesimpulses

Nervous SystemNervous System

ImpulsesImpulses

-- electrical signals that electrical signals that travel though the nervous travel though the nervous

system and provide system and provide information to the brain.information to the brain.

Types of NeuronsTypes of Neurons

Sensory NeuronsSensory Neurons

– – carry impulses towards carry impulses towards the brain and spinal cord.the brain and spinal cord.

Types of NeuronsTypes of Neurons

Connecting NeuronsConnecting Neurons

– – carry impulses from one carry impulses from one neuron to another.neuron to another.

Types of NeuronsTypes of Neurons

Motor NeuronsMotor Neurons

– – carry impulses away from carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord the brain and spinal cord

to the body.to the body.

Cell body (soma)

Synapse

Myelin sheath

Dendrite

Axon

Parts of a NeuronParts of a Neuron

Cell BodyCell Body

- often called the - often called the somasoma

- contains the cell nucleus- contains the cell nucleus

Parts of a NeuronParts of a Neuron

DendriteDendrite

-- branch-like branch-like

-- receives impulsesreceives impulses

Parts of a NeuronParts of a Neuron

AxonAxon

-- sends impulses away sends impulses away from the cellfrom the cell

Parts of a NeuronParts of a Neuron

SynapseSynapse

-- space in between space in between neuronsneurons

Parts of a NeuronParts of a Neuron

SynapseSynapse

- contains a chemical - contains a chemical substance called a substance called a

neurotransmitter neurotransmitter that helps that helps impulses travelimpulses travel

Parts of a NeuronParts of a Neuron

MyelinMyelin

-- protective sheath protective sheath around the neuronaround the neuron

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

– – consists of: consists of:

brain brain

spinal cordspinal cord

Meninges

Medulla oblongata

Brain stem

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Spinal cord

Pituitary gland

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

BrainBrain

– – major organ of the major organ of the nervous system.nervous system.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

MeningesMeninges

– – three-layered protective three-layered protective covering of the brain.covering of the brain.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

CerebrumCerebrum

– – largest part of the brain largest part of the brain

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

CerebrumCerebrum

-- has four lobes that receive has four lobes that receive and store information and and store information and are responsible for giving are responsible for giving

signals for voluntary signals for voluntary movement.movement.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

CerebellumCerebellum

– – coordinates all coordinates all movement, muscle movement, muscle

activity, and balance. activity, and balance.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

BrainstemBrainstem

– – connects the brain to the connects the brain to the spinal cord and contains spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata.the medulla oblongata.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata

- dictates all life functions - dictates all life functions including: heart rate, including: heart rate, breathing, and reflex breathing, and reflex

actions.actions.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

ThalamusThalamus

– – a central relay system for a central relay system for all nerve impulses except all nerve impulses except

smell smell

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

ThalamusThalamus

-- receives the impulses and receives the impulses and then directs them to the then directs them to the proper part of the brain.proper part of the brain.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

HypothalamusHypothalamus

– – serves as a link between serves as a link between the nervous system and the nervous system and the endocrine system.the endocrine system.

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

Pituitary glandPituitary gland

– – secretes hormones secretes hormones important for reproduction important for reproduction

and growth.and growth.

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

– – pathway for all impulses pathway for all impulses going to and from the going to and from the

brain. brain.

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

–– connects to the connects to the medulla oblongatamedulla oblongata

Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

– – consists of nerves that consists of nerves that relay information to and relay information to and

from the spinal cord.from the spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

Sympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System

–– Responsible for emergency Responsible for emergency and stress responses:and stress responses:

““fight or flight”fight or flight”

Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

Parasympathetic Nervous Parasympathetic Nervous SystemSystem

-- Seeks to maintain and Seeks to maintain and restore normal body function, restore normal body function,

often called often called HomeostasisHomeostasis

Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

HomeostasisHomeostasis

-- a state of balance of the a state of balance of the physiologic systems within physiologic systems within

the body.the body.