Nepali-English Dictionary

compiled by Karl-Heinz KrämerSouth Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg

(updated: 14 April 2007)

aba ca adv. now, from now on

abaddha cfa$ n./adj. bound, tied up confined

abela ca]nf n./adj. lateness, late

aber ca]/ adj. late

aber bhayo ca]/ eof] comp. it is late

abhas cfef; n. glimpse, shadow, reflection, vision, faint memory, inkling

abhav cefj n. non-existence, absence, lack, scarcity

abhaya ceo n. lack of fear

abhibhavak cleefjs n. guardian

abhilekh clen]v n. inscription

abhinaya clego n. mimicry, imitation

abhiprerit clek|]l/t adj. motivated

abhipret clek|]t adj. planned

abhiram cle/fd adj. extremely beautiful, sublime

abhiruci cle?lr n. inclination, earnest desire, liking

abhivriddhi clej[l$ n. development

abhiyan cleofg n. expedition, march, exploration

abhiyog cleof]u n. accusation, allegation, charge

abhiyukta cleoÚQm adj. accused

abhrak ce|s n. mica, talco (a soft mineral)

abhyas cEof; n. practice

abrak ce|v n. mica, talco (a soft mineral)

acamma crDd n. surprise, wonder, amazement

acamma lagnu crDd nfUgÚ v.i. to be surprised, to be amazed, to be astonished

acamma parnu crDd kgÚ{ v.i. to be surprised, to be amazed, to be astonished

1

acamma parnu crDd kgÚ{ v.t. to surprise, to amaze, to astonish

acanak crfgs adv. suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly

acano crfgf] n. cutting board for meat

acanu crfgÚ n. cutting board for meat

acar crf/ n. hot and sour pickle, pickles, chutney, salsa

acar cfrf/ n. conduct, behaviour

acaran crf/)f n. conduct, behaviour, practice

accer cRr]/ n. letter [of the alphabet], [written] character, [except numerals], alphabet, syllable

acel cr]n adv. these days, nowadays, recently, presently

achut c%Út adj. untouchable, of lowest caste

achuti c%ÚtL n. untouchable, lowest caste

achutoddhar c%Útf]$f/ n. reformation of untouchables

ad cf* n. support, prop

adalat cbfnt n. law court

adambar cf*Da/ n. conceit, ostentation

adan-pradan cfbfg k|bfg– n. giving and taking of things, exchange, social communication, give and take

adarniya cfb/)fLo adj. respectable, deserving honour

adarniya sadasya cfb/)fLo ;b:o n. honorary member

adarsh cfbz{ n. ideal, value

adarvaci cfb/jfrL adj. polite

adaunu c*fpgÚ v.t. to support, to hold up, to stop

adda c*\*f n. office; court of law

adesh cfb]z n. order, instruction, command

adha cfwf adj. half

adhai baje c(fO ah] adv. half past two

adhaini c(fOgL n. the senior woman in a

2

palace haremadham cwd adj. mean, low, wretched, base,

vileadhar cfwf/ n. foundation, basis, support

adharat cfwf/ft n. midnight

adharbhut cfwf/e'^ adj. basic, fundamental

adharit cfwfl/t adj. based upon

adharit cha cfwfl/t % based upon

adharma cwd{ n. sinfulness, irreligiousness

adhi cfwL adj. almost a half

adhikar clwsf/ n. right, authority, procession, proprietorship

adhikari clwsf/L n. officer, one having authority, magistrate, proprietor

adhikrit clws[t adj. authorised, vested with authority

adhiraj clw/fh n. supreme ruler, sovereign, overlord

adhirajkumar clw/fhsÚdf/ n. prince

adhirajya clw/fHo n. sovereignty, empire, kingdom

adhiveshan clwa]zg n. session, meeting, sitting

adhogati cwf]ult n. fall, downfall, degradation

adhunik cfwÚlgs adj. modern, recent, current

adhyaksha cWoIf n. chief, master, director, chairman, superintendent, supervisor

adhyay cWofo n. chapter, section, canto

adhyayan cWoog n. study, learning, tuition, perusal

adi cflb n./adj. beginning, primary, origin, first, basic; etcetera, etc.

adijati cflbhflt n. tribe, tribal, autoethon

adikal cflbsfn n. primeval time

adikaran cflbsf/g n. first cause, fundamental cause

adikavi cflbslj n. first poet, pioneer poet

adikavya cflbsfJo n. first epic, Ramayana

adinu cl*gÚ v.i. to stop

adityavar cflbtojf/ n. Sunday

3

adivasi cflbjfl; n. aborigine, original inhabitant

adkalnu c*\sNgÚ v.t. to guess

adkanu c*\sgÚ v.i. to get stuck, to be stopped, to be halted

adkaunu c*\sfpgÚ v.t. to cause to stick

adnu c*\gÚ v.i. to stop, to cease moving

aduva cbÚjf n. ginger

advittiya clålQo adj. unparalleled, second-to-none

agadha cufw adj. unfathomable, bottomless, deep

agadi cufl* postp. in front of, before, ahead, toward the front, first

agadi badhaunu cufl* a(fpgÚ v.t. to lead forward

agadi badhnu cufl* a(\gÚ v.i. to advance, to move forward

agal-bagal cun aun– adv. from left to right, on both sides

agami cfufdL adj. coming, forthcoming, ensuing

agati cult n. decline, lack of progress

age cfu] adj. before, future, in furute

agena cu]gf n. fireplace, hearth

ageno cu]gf] n. fireplace

aghadi c#fl* in front of, before, toward the front, first

aghat cf#ft n. blow, assault

aghaun cf#f}+ adv. next year

aghaunu c#fpgÚ v.i. to be satisfied with eating

aghi cl# already, before, previously, formerly, facing, in front of, ago,

aghi lagnu cl# nfUgÚ v.t. to go first, to go ahead, to lead, to guide

aghi nai cl# g} adv. already, long ago

aghi sarnu cl# ;gÚ[{ v.i. to advance, to volunteer, to incite, to instigate

aghi-aghi cl# cl#– a long time ago, in times gone by

aghillo cl#Nnf] adj. first, former, front, anterior,

4

last, previousaghiltira cl#lNt/ adv. in front of, facing

aghi-pachi cl# kl%– some other time, before, on other occasions, generally, usually, in single file, one after another, sequentially, surrounded by

aghisamma cl#;Dd adv. until recently

aglo cUnf] adj. tall, high

aglo cfUnf] n. latch, bolt

aglyaunu cUNofpgÚ v.t. to lock, to pull to [a door]

agni clUg n. fire

agnikand clUgsf)* n. fire, conflagration

ago cfuf] n. fire

agraha cfu|x n. desire, longing, craving, zeal, urging, insistence

agulto cuÚN^f] n. piece of burning wood

aguva cuÚjf n./adv. leader, leading

agya cf!f n. order, command, instruction, permission

agyakari cf!fsf/L adj. obedient

agyan v!fg n./adj. ignorance; ignorant

agyat c!ft adj. unknown, secret, obscure

ahan cx int. no

ahangkar cx°f/ n. arrogance, conceit

ahar cfxf/ n. food, diet

ahara cfxf/f n. food, diet

ahat cfxt adj. struck, beaten

ahile clxn] adv. now, this time

aimai cfOdfO{ n. woman

ain P]g n. law, legal code, rule

aina P]gf n. mirror, looking glass, pane of glass

aincatana P]+rftfgf adj. out of control, controlled by outsideforces

ainselu P];]]nÚ n. yellow raspberry

aipugnu cfOkÚUgÚ v.i. to arrive

aitavar cfOtjf/ n. Sunday

5

aitihasik P]ltxfl;s adj. historical

aja cfh adv. today

aja bihana cfh laxfgf comp. this morning

ajabholi cfhef]ln adv. nowadays

ajakal cfhsfn adv. nowadays

ajan chfg adj. ignorant

ajang chª adj. huge, very big, enormous, formidable

ajat chft adj. outcaste, low caste, not born

ajatshatru chftzqÚ adj. having no enemy

ajha c´ adv. still, yet, moreover, now

ajhai c´} conj. even then, even now

ajivan cfhLjg adj. throughout life, for a whole life-time

akad cs* n. insistence, obstinacy, stubbornness, persistence

akado cs*f] adj. obstinate, stubborn

akal csn wisdom, intelligence, cleverness, knowledge, skilful, clever, wise

akalpaniya csNkgLo adj. unimaginable, unthinkable, inconceivable

akamakaunu csdsfpgÚ v.i. to hesitate, to pause

akamakka csdSs adj. confused, baffled, disconcerted, dumbfounded, perplexed

akamakka parnu csdSs kfg{ v.t. to be confused, to be baffled, to be in a quandary, to be taken aback, to be disconcerted, to be rattled, to hesitate, to pause

akangksha cfsfª\Iff n. aspiration

akanksha cfsf+Iff n. wish, desire, intention

akantak cs)^s adj. free from trouble, unobstructed, thornless

akapat csk^ adj. guiltless, frank, open

akar cfsf/ n. size, shape, form, outline

akaraniya cs/)fLo adj. improper, unfit to be performed

akarma csd{ n. unnecessary act, wicked

6

actakarmak csd{s adj. intransitive

akarmanya csd{)o adj. idle, useless, good for nothing

akarmi csdL{ n. a do nothing, sinner, evil-doer, rogue, villain

akarna cs)f{ deaf, having no ear

akarna csg{ n. official record, document, list of official records

akarsan cfsif{)f n. attraction

akartavya cst{Jo adj. improper, unfit to be done

akartha csfy{ adj. without cause, pointlessly, in vain

akash cfsfz n. sky, space

akashe tara-marg cfsfz] tf/ dfu{– n. cable railway

akashvani cfsfZjf)fL n. radio broadcast

akasmat cs:dft adv. suddenly, accidentally, unexpectedly, all of a sudden

akasmik cfsl:ds adj. sudden, abrupt, accidental, casual

akathaniya csygLo adj. inexpressible, indescribable, inexpressible, obscene, indecent

akathya csYo adj. inexpressible, indescribable, inexpressible, obscene, indecent, filthy, unutterable

akavat csjt n. duty, God

akbar csa/ n. name of the third Indian Moghul Emperor

akbare csa/] adj. pungent chilli, extraordinary hot

akbari csa/L adj. related to Akbar, pure, unadulterated

akelo cs]nf] adj. alone

akhabar cvaf/ n. newspaper

akhir cflv/ adv. at last, eventually

akkal cSsn n. knowledge, cleverness, thought

akkali cSsnL adj. clever, intelligent

akkase cSsf;] adj. sky-blue

7

akkasinu cSsfl;gÚ v.i. to fly up

akraman cfqmd)f n. attack, invasion

akrista cfs[i^ adj. attracted, drawn, charmed

akriti cfs[lt n. size, shape, form, outline

aksar cS;/ adv. often, frequently, usually, many, a lot

akshansh cIff+z n. latitude

akshar cIf/ n. letter [of the alphabet], [written] character, [except numerals], alphabet, syllable

aksijan clS;hg n. oxygen

alag cnu separate, different

alainci cn}+rL n. cardamom

alangkar cn°f/ n. embellishment

alasya cfn:o n. laziness, idleness

alchi cN%L adj. lazy, idle

alekha cfn]v n. writing, script, anything written

algyaunu cNUofpgÚ v.t. tho lift, to raise, to release, to set free

alhad cfNxfb n. delight, fulfilment

ali cln adj. a bit, a little, few

ali cfnL n. ridge at the edge of a field-terrace

alikati clnslt adj. a little, a small quantity

alilo clnnf] adj. lacking salt, tasteless

aljhanu cN´gÚ v.i. to get caught up in

aljhaunu cN´fpgÚ v.t. to entangle

alkatra cnsqf n. asphalt

allare cNnf/] n. rover

almalaunu cNdnfpgÚ v.t. to confuse, to lead astray

almalinu cndlngÚ v.i. to be bewildered, to be amazed, to be confused

almari cfNdf/L n. shelves, cupboard

alocana cfnf]rgf n. criticism, critique

alocanatmak cfnf]rgfTds adj. critical

8

alok cfnf]s n. enlightenment, light, brightness

alpamat cNkdt n. minority

alsi cN;L adj. lazy, idle

alu cfnÚ n. potato

alu tachnu cfnÚ tf%\gÚ v.t. to peel off potatoes

alubakhada cfnÚav*f n. plum-tree

am cfd adj. common, general

ama cfdf n. mother

amai cfd} n. grandmother [rural]

amaju cfdfh' n. husband's elder sister

amala cdnf n. a kind of fruit [sour-sweet]

amanav cdfgj adj. inhuman

amanya cdfGo adj. unaccepted, unobeyed

amar cd/ adj. immortal, undying

amarkosh cd/sf]z n. (a Sanskrit dictionary compiled by Amar Singh)

amba cDaf n. guava

amdani cfDbfgL n. income

amdani badhaune cfdbfgL a(fpg] n. income generating

amilo cldnf] adj. sour

amir cdL/ adj. wealthy, rich

amiri cdL/L adj. wealthy, rich

amkhora cDvf]/f n. brass pot for drinking from, tumbler

amnirvacan cfdlgjf{rg n. general elections

amol cdf]n adj. priceless, invaluable

amrit cd[t n./adj. elixir, nectar; immortal

amulya cd'No adj. priceless, invaluable

amurta cd't{ adj. formless

an c int. yes

anadarvaci cgfb/jfrL adj. non-honorific [ling.]

anadi cgflb adj. having no beginning, self-born

analamaya cgndo adj. fiery

anand cfgGb n. happiness

anandi cfgGbL adj. happy

9

ananta cgGt adj. infinite, endless

anar cgf/ n. pomegranate

anarsa cg;f{ n. a kind if sweet bread made of rice flour, sugar and butter

anashan cgzg n. fasting

anatha cgfy adj. uncared for, orphaned

anautha cgf}&f adj. queer, unusual, extraordinary

anautho cgf}&f] adj. queer, unusual, extraordinary, strange, peculiar

anautikta cgf}ltQmf n. immorality

anavarat cgj/t adj. unceasing, constant

anbhaunu cGefpgÚ v.t. to say good-bye to the couple in marriage, to send away a bride

ancal c~rn n. zone

ancal adalat c~rn cbfnt n. zonal court

ancal nyayadhish c~rn GofofwLif n. zonal judge

ancal prashasan c~rn k|zf;g n. zonal administration

ancal sabha c~rn ;ef n. zonal assembly

ancaladhish c~rnfwLz n. zonal commissioner

ancetnu cr]&\gÚ v.t. to discipline, to impress, to press, to push with force

anda cG*f n. egg

andaji cGbfhL adv. appropriately, about

anderi c*]/L n. castor-oil plant

andha cGwf adj. blind

andhabhakta cGweQm n. blind follower, superstitious person

andhakar cGwsf/ n. darkness

andheri cw]/L adj. dark, gloomy

andhi cflw n. storm, strong wind

andhiyar cflwof/ n. sharer of half the land or crop

andhopan cGwf]kg n. blindness

andhyaro cWof/f] n./adj. dark, gloomy, sad, darkness, ignorance, gloom

andolan cfGbf]ng n. agitation, riot, movement

10

andra cfGb|f n. entrails

anduva c*Újf n. not castrated animal

aneka cg]s adj. several, many

ang cfª n. part, body, portion, limb, procedure

anga pugnu cé kÚUgÚ to be the procedure complete

anga-bhanga cé e– é n. mutilation of a limb

anga-bhanga garnu cé e– é ugÚ{ v.t. to amputate, to dismember, to mutilate

angacched céR%]b n. amputation

angalnu cuNgÚ v.t. to adopt, to accept, to follow, to embrace, to hug

angalo cufnf] n. hug, embrace, armful, the bent arm

angan cfug n. yard, courtyard, house, home

angar cuf/ n. cinder, ember, the black substance of charcoal

anga-raksha cé/Iff n. protection of body

anga-rakshak cé/Ifs n. body guard

angethi cu]&L n. iron or clay vessel to carry fire, portable fireplace

anggur cu'/ n. grape

anghi cf#L n. storm, whirlwind, hurricane

angikar céLsf/ n. acceptance

angikar garnu céLsf/ ugÚ{ v.t. to accept, to follow

angikrit c+uLs[t adj. adopted, agreed, promised

angikrit nagarikta c+uLs[t gful/stf n. adopted citizenship

angikrit nepali nagarikta

c+uLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf n. adopted Nepali citizenship

anginti cglulGt adj. countless

angka c° n. numeral, digit, issue, number [of a periodical], mark [in an examination], score, points [in a game], act [in a drama]

angka ra akshar c° / cIf/ figure and letter

angka ra aksharle bolaunu

c° / cIf/n] af]nfpgÚ to call by figure and word

angka-ganit c°ul)ft n. arithmetic, mathematics

11

angkamal c°dfn n. embrace

angkapatra c+skq n. label, fillet

angkit c+lst adj. marked, written, endorsed, encounted

angkuran c+sÚ/)f n. germination, beginning

angocha cuf]%f n. towel, napkin

angrej c+u|]h n. Englishman, Westerner, white man

angreji c+u|]hL n./adj. English, British, English language

angsha c+z n. share, division, fragment, ingredient, contribution, element, portion, clause, sub-clause

angshadan c+zbfg n. contribution, donation

angshadhar c+zw/ n. share-holder, heir

angshako hak c+zsf] xs n. heirship, right to the paternal property

angshiyar c+lzof/ n. co-heir, sharer, partner

angul c+uÚn n. finger, a finger's breadth

anguli mudra c+uÚnL dÚb|f n. fingerprint, nameprinted ring

anguli pratimudra c+uÚnL k|ltdÚb|f n. finger impression

angur c+uÚ/ n. grape

ani clg conj. and, then, and then

anicchit clglR%t adj. undesired, unwished for

anikal clgsfn n. famine

anil clgn n. wind

anivarya clgjfo{ adj. inevitable

anjali c~hnL n. the open palms of the hands held together and slightly cupped, a double handful, offering in worship, tribute

anjuli c~hÚnL n. the open palms of the hands held together and slightly cupped, a double handful, offering in worship, tribute

anka c+s n. numeral, digit, issue, number [of a periodical], mark [in an examination], score, points [in a game],

12

act [in a drama]ankai csfO{ n. estimate, evaluation

ankanaunu cGsgfpgÚ v.i. to hesitate

ankha cfvf n. eye

ankhako nani cfvfsf] gfgL n. pupil

ankhibhuin cfvfLe'O n. eyebrow

ankuro csÚ/f] n. shoot, seedling, bud, fresh shoot of a plant

ankush c+sÚz n. hook

anmaunu cGdfpgÚ v.t. to say good-bye to the couple in marriage, to send away a bride

anna cGg n. grain, food

anna-bhandar cGge)*f/ n. granary

anp cfk n. mango

anshu cfz' n. tear, teardrop

ant cf& n. courage, boldness

anta cf&f n. wheat flour

anta cGt n. end, conclusion

anta garnu cGt ugÚ{ v.t. to end, to finisch

antai cGt} adv. elsewhere

antar cGt/ n./adj. difference, interval; inner, inter-

antaral rajya cGt/fn /fHof n. buffer state

antardeshiya c+tb]{zLo adj. inland, domestic

antardeshiya jalpath c+tb]{zLo hnky n. inland waterways

antardeshiya patra c+tb]{zLo kq n. inland letter

antardeshiya vanijya c+tb]{zLo jfl)fHo n. internal trade

antardhvans c+tWj{; n. sabotage

antargat cGtu{t adj. included, comprised

antargrasta c+tu|{:t adj. involved

antarik cfGtl/s adj. interior, inner, internal

antariksha cGt/LIf n. space, universe

antarmukhi cGtdÚ{lv adj. introvert, inward-looking

antarrastriya cGt/f{li «̂o adj. international

antarrastriya kanun cGt/f{li «̂o sfg'g n. international law

antarrastriya cGt/f{li «̂o dÚb|sf]if n. International Monetary

13

mudrakos Fund [IMF]antarvarta cGtjf{tf{ n. interview

antarvasan c+tjf{;g n. internship, confinement within prescribed limits

antarvasi c+tjf{;L n. internee

antarvasit c+tjf{l;t adj. interned

antarvasit garnu c+tjf{l;t ugÚ{ v.t. to intern

antarvirodh cGt/lj/f]w n. self-contradiction, inner contradiction

antastha desh cGt:y b]z n. buffer state

anthanabbe cG&fgAa] num. ninety-eight, 98

anthaunna cG&fpGg num. fifty-eight, 58

anthyaunu c&ØfpgÚ v.t. to catch firmly, to seize, to clutch, to grasp firmly

anti c+lt n. ultimatum

antim clGtd adj. last, final, conclusive, ultimate

antis clGt; adj. last

antnu cf \̂gÚ v.i. to dare, to take the risk

antya cGTo n./adj. end, last run

antyesti cGTo]lit n. the last rites after death, funeral ceremony, obsequies

anubhav cgÚej n. experience, feeling, sensation

anubhavi cgÚelj adj. experienced

anubhuti cgÚe'lt n. real knowledge, experience, sensation

anudan cgÚbfg n. grant

anugaman cgÚudg n. follow-up

anuhar agÚxf/ n. face, countenance

anukramnika cgÚqmdl0fsf n. contents, list of contents

anukul cgÚs'n adj. favourable, agreeable, friendly

anuman cgÚdfg n. inference, guess, presumption

anumati cgÚdlt n. permission, consent, assent

anupasthit cgÚkl:yt adj. absent

anupras cgÚk|f; n. alliteration

14

anurodh cgÚ/f]w n. request, entreaty, prayer

anurodh garnu cgÚ/f]w ugÚ{ v.t. to request, to ask for, to pray

anurup cgÚ¿k adj. resembling, corresponding, similar, analogous, congruous

anusandhan cgÚ;Gwfg n. research, investigation

anusar cgÚ;f/ postp. according to, in accordance with, equivalent to, in conformity with

anusaran cgÚ;/)f n. compliance, accordance

anushasan cgÚzf;g n. discipline, instruction

anuvad cgÚjfb n. translation, immitation

anuvakta cgÚjQmf n. translator

anuvar cgÚjf/ n. face, countenance

anveshan cGj]z)f n. exploration

anya cGo adj. other

anyatra cGoq adj. elsewhere, somewhere else, in some other place

anyaya cGofo n. injustice

apaci ckrL adj. undigested, undigestible

apadha ck( adj. illiterate, unlettered

apaharan ckx/)f n. abduction, kidnapping, usurpation

apanaunu ckgfpgÚ v.t. to adopt, to make use of, to apply

aparadh ck/fw n. crime, offence, guilt, fault, sin

aparadhi ck/fwL n./adj. criminal, wrongdoer

aparicit ckl/lrt adj. unknown, unfamiliar

aparjhat ck/´& adv. suddenly, surprisingly, all of a sudden

apas cfk; n. those close to oneself, relatives

apashoc ckzf]r n. regret, sorrow

apasma cfk;df adj. among each other, among themselves

aphai cfkm} adv. self, personally

aphisar clkm;/ n. officer

aphno cfkm\Gff] adj. one's own

15

aphnu cfkm\Gf' adj. one's own

apil ckLn n. appeal, contradiction, objection

aprakashit ck|sflzt adj. unpublished

apratyashik ck|Toflzs adj. unexpected, sudden

apravasi cfk|jf;L n. immigrant

apsara cK;/f n. nymph, fairy, spirit

apurva ck'j{ adj. new, strange

arab c/a num. one billion, 1.00.00.00.000

arajakta c/fhstf n. anarchy

arakshan cf/If)f n. reservation

aram cf/fd n. comfort, rest

arambha cf/De n. beginning, start

are c/] (reported speech marker)

arini cC)fL adj. free from debt

arje cfh]{ n. prophecy, prediction, forecast

arko csf]{ adj. another, next, second

arop cf/f]k n. imputation, allegation, insinuation, accusation

arpanu ck{gÚ v.t. to offer up, to dedicate

artha cy{ n. finance, wealth, nmeaning, significance, import, interpretation, explanation

arthadanda cy{b)* n. fine

artha-mantri cy{dGqL n. minister of finance

arthashastra cy{zf:q n. economics, political economy

arthat cyf{t adv. that is to say, in other words, i.e.

arthik cfly{s adj. economic, financial

arthik matava cfly{s dxTj n. economic importance

arthyaunu cYof{pgÚ v.t. to make sense of, to understand

arti ctL{ n. advice, counsel, lesson, instruction, precept, moral lesson, admonition

aru cf¿ n. peach

aru c¿ adj. another, more, either, further

16

aru kohi c¿ sf]xL someone else

arubakhada cf¿av*f n. plum

asabhya c;Eo adj. uncivilised, uncultured

asadh c;f( n. Asadh or Asar, third month of the Nepali year [June-July]

asadharan c;fwf/)f adj. unusual, uncommon

asadhya c;fWo adj. very, extremely

asahamati c;xdlt n. disagreement, dissent, discordance

asahaya c;xfo adj. helpless

asal c;n adj. real, true, pure, unadulterated, morally good

asali c;nL adj. real, genuine

asam cf;fd n. Assam

asaman cf;dfg n. sky

asamanta c;dfGtf n. inequality

asamaya c;do n. untimeliness, bad or unfitting time

asamayik c;fdlos adj. inopportune, untimely, inconvenient

asambhava c;Dej adj. impossible

asan cf;g n. seat, stool, office, post, posture, throne

asanggati c;+ult n. incoherence, irrelevance, absurdity, irrationality, incompatibility, anomaly

asankhya c;+Vo adj. innumerable, countless, beyond number

asanna cf;Gg adj. imminent, impencing, near, close

asantusta c;GtÚi& adj. dissatisfied, discontented, displeased, reluctant

asantusti c;GtÚli& n. dissatisfaction

asapas cf;kf; adv. nearabout, nearby

asaphal c;kmn adj. unsuccessful, failure

asar c;f/ n. Asadh or Asar, third month of the Nepali year [June-July]

asar c;/ n. effect, influence, mark, authority

17

asat c;t\ adj. evil, bad, non-existent, illusory

ash cfz n. hope

asha cfzf n. hope

ashangka cfz+sf n. suspicion, doubt, fear, dread

ashanti czflGt n. lack of peace, unrest

ashaya cfzo n. meaning, aim, intention, purport

ashcarya cfZro{ n. wonder, surprise, astonishment

ashcaryalagdo cfZro{nfUbf] adj. surprising

ashiksha clzIff n. illiteracy

ashikshit clzlIft adj. uneducated, unlettered, illiterate

ashirvacan cfzLj{rg n. blessing, benediction

ashirvacan cfzLj{rg n. blessing

ashirvad cfzLjf{b n. blessing, benediction

ashirvad cfzLjf{b n. blessing

ashis cflzif n. blessing, benediction

ashis dinu cflzif lbgÚ v.t. to bless

ashlil cZnLn adj. indecent, vulgar

ashram cf>d n. hermitage, residential institute

ashraya cf>o n. dependence, resort, reliance, retreat

ashrit cfl>t postp. depending on, relying on

ashu cfzÚ adj. quick, speedily, immediate, swift

ashuddha czÚ$ adj. impure

ashutos cfzÚtf]if adj. contended, easily pleased

ashvin cflZjg n. Ashvin or Asoj, fifth month of the Nepali year [September-October]

asi c;L eighty, 80

asima c;Ld adj. boundless, unlimited

asimit c;Lldt adj. boundless, unlimited

asoj c;f]h n. Ashvin or Asoj, fifth month of the Nepali year [September-October]

18

aspast c:ki& adj. not clear, indistinct, vague, dim, obscure, blurred, ambiguous

aspastata c:ki&tf n. lack of clarity, uncertainty, haziness

aspatal c:ktfn n. hospital

astaunu c:tfpgÚ v.i. to set [sun, moon or star]

astha cf:yf n. faith, reverence, veneration

asthipanjar cl:ykGh/ n. skeleton

asti cl:t adv. the day before yesterday, recently, the other day

astiko bihibar cl:tsf] laxLaf/ last Thursday

astitva cl:tTj n. existence, being, entity

astrashastra a:qz:q n. weaponry, armament, arms, weapons

astreliya c:&«]lnof n. Australien

asuvidha c;'ljwf n. inconvenience

asvabhavik c:jefljs adj. unnatural

asvasth c:j:y adj. unhealthy.morbid

asvikar c:jLsf/ n. non-acceptance, rejection, refusal, denial

atah ctM conj. hence, therefore, thus

atainu c^fOgÚ v.i. to fit into, to be contained

atal c^n adj. firm, irrevocable, resolute, unwavering, steadfast, still, unmoving

atangka cft° n. fear, terror, panic, phobea, suffering

atangkit cftl°t adj. terrified

ataunu c^fpgÚ v.i. to fit into, to be contained

ateri c^]/L adj. headstrong, obstinate

ath cf& num. eight, 8

athara c&f/ adj. eighteen, 18

athasi c&f;L adj. eighty-eight, 88

athaun cf&f}+ adj. eighth

athava cyjf conj. or

athcalis c&rfnL; adj. forty-eight, 48

athhattar c&xQ/ adj. seventy-eight, 78

athsatthi c&;&\&L adj. sixty-eight, 68

19

athtis c&tL; adj. thirty-eight, 38

ati clt adj. very much, exceeding, extremely, beyond

atikraman cltqmd)f n. infringement, contravention, violation

atirikta cltl/Qm adv. extra, additional, excessive

atit ctLt n./adv. past, gone

atithighar cltly#/ n. guest house, guest chamber

atithishala cltlyzfnf n. guest house, guest chamber

atma cfTdf n. mind, heart, intellect, soul

atmabhiman cfTdfledfg n. self-respect, self-esteem

atmabodhak cfTdfaf]ws adj. reflexive [linguistics]

atmahatya cfTdxTof n. suicide, self-murder, self-killing

atmanirbhar cfTdlge{/ n. self-dependence, self-support

atmasamman cfTd;Ddfg n. self-respect, self-regard

atmavibhorta cfTdljef]/tf n. fascination

atmavishvas cfTdljZjf; n. self-confidence

atripti ct[lKt n. insatiability, lack of appeasement

attalika c§flnsf n. balcony, verandah

attar cQ/ n. scent, fragrance

atthais a&&fO{; adj. twenty-eight, 28

attinu cflQgÚ v.i. to be frightened, to be nerveous

atur cftÚ/ adj. sick, wounded, impatient, anxious

atut c^Ú^ adj. unbroken, continuous, continual

atuva c^'jf n. ginger

atyacar cTofrf/ n. atrocity, tyranny, excess, outrage, oppression

atyanta cToGt adj. a lot, much, very much, exceedingly, utterly, extremely

atyavashyak cTofjZos adj. very necessary, essential

atyukti cToÚlQm n. hyperbole, exaggeration

au cf} conj. and

20

aucitya cf}lrTo n. propriety, appropriateness, validity

audyogik cf}Bf]lus adj. industrial

aunlo cf}+nf] n. finger

aunlyaunu cf}+NofpgÚ v.t. to point at

aunsi cf}+;L n. new moon, last day of the dark half of the month

aunu cfpgÚ v.i. to come

aupacarik cf}krfl/s adj. formal, ceremonial

aupacarik adarvaci cf}krfl/s cfb/jfrL adj. formally polite [linguistics]

ausadhipasal cf}iflwk;n n. chemist's (shop), pharmacy, drugstore

avadhi cjlw n. periode, time, limit, term, duration

avahela cjx]nf n. neglect, disdain, contempt

avahelna cjx]ngf n. neglect, disdain, contempt

avaj cfjfh n. voice, sound, report, uproar

avakash cjsfz n. free time

avalamban cjnDag n. support, reliance

avalokan cjnf]sg n. look, gaze

avanati cjglt n. decline, downfall

avarodh cj/f]w n. obstruction, hindrance, impediment, restraint, taboo

avas cfjf; n. dwelling, place of residence

avasar cj;/ n. opportunity, chance, occasion, scope

avasar paunu cj;/ kfpgÚ v.t. to take a chance

avashya cjZo adv. certainly

avashyak cfjZos adj. necessary, needful, inevitable

avashyakta cfjZostf n. necessity, need, requirement

avastha cj:yf n. condition, state, age, phase, despondency

avasyakta cfj:oQm n. need, necessity, requirement

avat-javat cfjt hfjt– n. coming and going, connection, transmigration

avicchinna cljlRrGg adj. uninterrupted, continuous

21

avikasit cljsl;t adj. undeveloped

avishvas cljZjf; n. distrust, disbelief, non-confidence, suspicion, doubt

aviskar cfljisf/ n. discovery, invention

avivekpurna cljj]sk')f{ adj. without reason, for no reason, unfounded

avyavastha cJoj:yf n. disorder

ayaram gayaram cfof/fd uof/fd n. frequent defectionist

ayarlaind cfo/n})* n. Ireland

ayog cfof]u n. commission

ayojana cfof]hgf n. project

ba af n. father [colloquially]

babu afaÚ n. father

bacaunu arfpgÚ v.t. to save, to defend, to spare

bada a*f adj. big, large, gigantic, og great size

bada hakim a*f xflsd n. district officer

badal afbn n. cloud

badam abfd n. peanut

badamash abdfz adj. wicked, immoral, mischievous

badanam abgfd adj. caluminated, infamous

badha afwf n. hinderance, obstacle, obstruction

badhak afws adj. hindering, obstructing

badharnu a(fgÚ{ v.t. sweep

badhaunu a(fpgÚ v.t. to increase, to make bigger, to enlarge

badhi a(L adj. more, larger, higher

badhiya al(of adj. fine, nice, superior, excellent, of good quality

badhnu a(\gÚ v.i. to increase, to grow, to advance, to go forward, to flourish

badi abL n. the dark half of a lunar month; evil, wickedness

bado a*f] adj. big, large, gigantic

bagainca au}+rf n. garden, orchard

bagbani afuafgL n. gardening, horticulture

22

baggi aUuL n. horse carriage

bagh af# n. tiger

bagha af#f n. obstacle

bagnu aUgÚ v.i. to flow, to glide

bagvani afujfgL n. horticulture

bahadur axfbÚ/ adj. brave, bold, courageous, defiant

bahas ax; n. discussion, argumentation, debate

bahattar axQ/ num. seventy-two, 72

bahek afx]s postp. except, besides

bahini alxgL n. younger sister

bahinijvain alxgLHjfO n. younger sister's husband

bahira aflx/ postp. outside, at another place

bahira samet aflx/ ;d]t even outside

bahirapatti aflx/kl§ n. outside

bahiro alx/f] adj. deaf

bahiskar alxifsf/ n. expulsion, removal, exclusion, ex-communication

bahra afx| num. twelve, 12

bahraun afx|f}+ adj. twelfth

bahudaliya axÚblno adj. multiparty

bahudaliya vyavastha axÚblno joj:yf n. multiparty system

bahumat axÚdt n. majority

bahumulya axÚd'No adj. valuable, expensive, very costly

bahun afxÚg n. Brahmin

baijani a}hgL adj. purple

baink a}° n. bank

bais afO{; num. twenty-two, 22

baisatthi a};&\&L num. sixty-two, 62

baishakh a}zfv n. first month of the Nepali calendar [April/May]

baithak a}&s n. meeting, session, living room, sitting room, reception room

baj afh n. hawk

23

baje ah] o'clock

baje afh] n. grandfather

bajet ah]& n. budget

bajhnu a´\gÚ v.i. to quarrel, to wrangle

bajnu aHgÚ v.i. to sound, to chime

bajyai aHo} n. grandmother [lower class], woman's mother-in-law [lower class], a Brahmin woman, an old woman

bakas afs; n. box

bakas as; n. present, gift, reward

bakhat avt n. time, period, moment, opportunity

bakhri afv|L n. she-goat

bakhro afv|f] n. goat

bakkulo aSsÚnf] n. crane

baklo afSnf] adj. thick

baksanu aS;gÚ v.t. to give, to present [as a present or reward by a high standing personality like the king]

bal an n. strength, power, force, might

bal afn n. child, boy

balatkar anfTsf/ n. rape

bali anL adj. strong, powerful

bali afnL n. standig crops, harvest

balika afLnsf n. young girl

balistha aln:& adj. strong, powerful, stout

baliyo alnof] adj. strong, powerful, stout

balkrishna sama afns[i)f ;d n. Bal Krishna Sama [a famous Nepali poet]

balnu aNgÚ v.i. to burn, to blaze, to catch fire

balnu afNgÚ v.t. to kindle, to light, to burn

balti afN&L n. bucket

balun afnÚg n. a kind of folk song

balyakal afNosfn n. childhood

bamojim adf]lhd adv. according to, in accordance

24

with, accordinglybamojit adf]lht adj. according to, in accordance

with, accordinglybanaunu agfpgÚ v.t. to make, to build, to repair

bancaro aGr/f] n. axe

bancnu afRgÚ v.i. to survive

banda bhayo aGb eof] comp. it is closed, it is shut

banda garnu aGb ugÚ{ v.t. to close, to shut

bandakopi aGbfsf]kL n. cabbage

bandar afb/ n. monkey

bandel ab]n n. wild pig

bandhan aGwg n. imprisonment

bandhnu afWgÚ v.t. to bind, to tie up, to fasten

bandi aGbL n. hostage, prisoner

bandighar aGbL#/ n. prison, jail

bandigriha aGbLu[x n. prison, jail

bandikhana aGbLvfgf n. prison, jail

bandnu af*\gÚ v.t. to part, to divide, to share, to partition

banel ag]n n. wild pig

bango aféf] adj. crooked, bent, twisted

bangur a+uÚ/ n. pig

bani afgL n. habit, disposition, character

banki afsL n. remainder, left over, residue

bannu aGgÚ v.i. to be ready, to be made

bans af; n. bamboo

bansko purda af :sf] k'bf{“ n. bamboo curtain

bar af/ n. fence, temporary wall

bar af/ n. weekday [of the Nepali calendar]

bara a/f n. great-grandfather

barbar aa{/ n./adj. barbarian, savage, barbarisch, wild

barbarta aa{/tf n. barbarity

bare af/] postp. about, realting to, concerning

bari af/L n. dry field, garden

25

barkha av{f n. rains, rainy season, monsoon

barnu afgÚ{ v.t. to observe, to abstain from

baru a? better, rather, or

barulo af?nf] n. wasp

basai sarai a;fO{ ;/fO{ n. migration

basalnu a;fNgÚ v.t. to cause to sit, to make someone sit

basanta a;Gt n. spring

basaunu a;fpgÚ v.t. to cause to sit, to make someone sit

basinda afl;Gbf n. inhabitant, resident

basnu a:gÚ v.i. to sit, to settle, to remain

basobas a;f]af; n. residence, place of residence

basovas a;f]jf; n. residence, place of residence

bata af& postp. from, by

bata marnu aft dfgÚ{ v.i. to talk

batas atf; n. wind, air

batho af&f] adj. intelligent, clever

bato af^f] n. road, path, way

bato lagnu af^f] nfUgÚ v.t. to set off

battai a§fO{ n. quail

batti aQL n. lamp

battis aQL; num. thirty-two, 32

batuko a^Úsf] n. cup, bowl

baulaha af}nfxf adj. mad, lunatic

baunna afpGg num. fifty-two, 52

bayalis aofnL; num. forty-two, 42

bayan aofg n. description, narration, account

bayan afof adj. left

bayanabbe aofgAa] num. ninety-two, 92

bayasi aof;L num. eighty-two, 82

becnu a]RgÚ v.t. to sell, to dispose off

beglo a]Unf] adj. separated

behornu a]xf]gÚ{ v.i. to bear, to make use of, to

26

look after, to affordbela a]nf n. time, occasion

beluka a]nÚsf n./adj. evening, in the evening, after sunset

bemajja a]dHhf adj. not pleasing

benci a]GrL n. bench

bensi a]+;L n. valley, lowland, lower portion of a hill

bepar a]kf/ n. trade, commerce

bepar garnu a]kf/ ugÚ{ v.t. to trade, to sell

bepari a]kf/L n. trader, merchant

ber a]/ n. time, delay, late

berojgar a]/f]huf/ n. unemployment

bes a]; adj. good, very good

besar a];f/ n. turmeric

besari a];/L adv. nicely, abundantly, profusely, plentifully, excessively

bevasta a]jf:tf adj. indifferent, unmindful, unconcerned, careless

bhada ef*f n. rent, hire, fare, freight

bhadai eb} n. woman's brother's daughter

bhadau ebf} n. fifth month of the Nepali year [August-September]

bhadgaun efbufp n. Bhaktapur, Bhadgaon [an ancient town east of Kathmandu]

bhadkinu e*\lsgÚ v.i. to be frightened, to feel shy, to go astray

bhado ebf] n. woman's brother's son

bhadra eb| n. fifth month of the Nepali year [August-September]

bhagnu efUgÚ v.i. to flee, to run away

bhai efO n. younger brother

bhai-bharadar efOef/fbf/ n. king's address towards his royal relatives

bhaibuhari efOaÚxf/L n. younger brother's wife

bhain eO n. ground, earth, floor

bhainsi e}+;L n. water buffalo [female]

bhajan efhg n. receptacle, object, dividing

27

bhaka efsf n. promise

bhakta eQm n./adj. devotee; devoted, pious

bhaktapur eQmkÚ/ n. Bhaktapur, Bhadgaon [an ancient town east of Kathmandu]

bhakti elQm n. devotion, worship, veneration

bhaktiman elQmdfg n./adj. devotee; devoted, pious

bhakundo khelnu esÚ)*f] v]NgÚ v.t. to play football

bhala efnf n. spear, lance, pike

bhalai enfO{ n. welfare, well-being, goodness, gentleness

bhale mujur efn] dÚhÚ/ n. peacock

bhalu efn" n. bear

bhanda eGbf postp. compared to [used for construction of comparative]

bhandakunda ef*fsÚ*f n. pots and pans

bhandaphor e)*fkmf]]/ n. unmasking, unveiling, disclosure, revelation, betrayal

bhandar e)*f/ n. store room

bhandnu ef*\gÚ v.t. to spoil, to ruin (morally)

bhando ef*f] n. cooking pot, vessel, pot

bhane eg] conj. if, on the other hand

bhangero eu]/f] n. sparrow

bhanij eflgh n. sister's son

bhanje buhari efGh] aÚxf/L n. sister's son's wife

bhanje jvain efGh] HjfO{+ n. sister's daughter's husband

bhanji efGhL n. sister's daughter

bhanjo efGhf] n. sister's son

bhanjyang e~Hofª n. narrow valley, defile, mountain pass

bhanne eGg] adj. called, named

bhansa efG;f n. kitchen

bhansar eG;f/ n. customs, customs duties, office of the customs department

bhanubhakta acarya efgÚeQm cfrfo{ n. Bhanubhakta Acharya [a famous Nepali poet]

28

bhar e/ n. trust, faith, fullness

bhar parnu e/ kgÚ{ v.t. to trust

bharadar ef/fbf/ n. a high official

bharadari sabha ef/fbf/L ;ef n. assembly of high officials or nobility in early Shah and Rana times

bharat ef/t n. India

bharatiya ef/tLo adj. Indian

bhare e/] postp. later in the day, afterwards

bhari ef/L adj. heavy, weighty

bhari el/ adj. full to the brim, full

bharibharau el/e/fp adj. full to the brim, full

bharipurna el/k')f{ adj. full to the brim, full

bharkar ev{/ adv. right now

bharopeli ef/f]k]nL adj. indoeuropean

bharopiya ef/f]kLo adj. indoeuropean

bharosa e/f];f n. hope, trust, reliance

bhartsana eT;{gf n. reproach, abuse

bharya efof{ n. wife, female consort

bharyang e¥ofª n. stairs

bhasa efiff n. language

bhasan efif)f n. speech, lecture

bhasan dinu efif)f lbgÚ v.t. to give a lecture

bhasavigyan efifflj!fg n. linguistics, philosophy

bhat eft n. boiled rice

bhatamas e^df; n. soyabean

bhatiji elthL n. man's brother's daughter

bhatijo elthf] n. man's brother's son

bhattarak e§f/s adj. revered, respectable

bhau efp n. price, value, rate

bhaugolik ef}uf]lns adj. geographic, geographical

bhaugolik mahatva ef}uf]lns dxTj n. geographical importance

bhauju efph' n. elder brother's wife

bhava efj n. thought, mental state, feeling, sentiment, musing

bhavan ejg n. house, mansion, palace

29

bhavan nirman kala ejfg lgdf{)f snf architecture

bhavana efjgf n. thought, mental state, feeling, sentiment, musing

bhavavacak nam efjjfrs gfd n. abstract [linguistics]

bhavya eJo adj. grand, pompous, splendorous

bhedo e]*f] n. sheep

bhek e]s n. neighbourhood, locality, area

bhela e]nf n. gathering (of people)

bhet e]& n. meeting, visit, interview

bhet hunu e]& xÚgÚ v.t. to meet, to bump into someone

bhetnu e]&\gÚ v.i./v.t. to meet, to get, to find, to come across

bhijnu leHgÚ v.i. to get wet

bhiksha leIff n. begging, alm, charity

bhinaju legfhÚ n. elder sister's husband

bhinnata leGgtf n. difference

bhitra leq postp. inside, within, in

bhitrinu lelqgÚ v.i. to enter, to penetrate

bhitriya lelqof adj. counted as a member of the family or group

bhitte leQ] wall

bhitto leQf] n. side of the wall

bhogate ef]u^] n. grapefruit

bhogdan ef]ubfg n. help, assistance

bhojan ef]hg n. food

bhojnalaya ef]hgfno n. kitchen, cafe, canteen, dining room

bhok ef]s n. hunger

bhok lagnu ef]s nfugÚ to be hungry

bhokaunu ef]sfpgÚ v.i. to be hungry

bholi ef]ln adv. tomorrow

bhote ef]^] n. Tibetan, Bhote

bhraman e|d)f n. travel, travelling, roaming

bhrasta e|i^ adj. fallen, spoilt, polluted, defiled

bhrastacar e|i^frf/ n. corruption, corrupt practice

30

bhrastacari e|i^frf/L n. corrupt person

bhugarbha vigyan e'ue{ lj!fg n. geology

bhugolko anusandhan karya

e'uf]nsf] cgÚ;Gwfg sfo{ n. geological survey

bhuin eÚO n. ground, floor, surface of the earth

bhuin e'O n. ground, floor, surface of the earth

bhuincalo e'Orfnf] n. earthquake

bhuinkatahar e"Os&x/ n. pineapple

bhuja eÚhf n. boild rice [upper class]

bhuknu eÚSgÚ v.i. to bark

bhu-ksharan e"If/)f n. soil erosion

bhulnu eÚNgÚ v.i./v.t. to forget, to make a mistake, to be attached

bhumi e'ld n. ground, floor, surface of the earth

bhumigat eÚldut n. underground

bhumika e'ldsf n. preface, introduction, foreword

bhundi e*L n. stomach

bhu-parivestit desh e'kl/j]li&t b]z n. land-locked country

bhusuno eÚ;Úgf] n. gnat

bhutang e'^fª n. Bhutan

bhuteko makai eÚ^]sf] ds} n. popcorn

bhuteko masu eÚ^]sf] df;Ú n. fried meat

bhutla eÚTn n. fur, hair

bhutnu eÚ^\gÚ v.t. to fry

bhutpurva e'tk'j{ adj. past, former, previous

bhutuva eÚ^Újf n. fried meat

bhyaguto EofuÚtf] n. frog

bhyaunu EofpgÚ v.i. to find time

bic aLr n./postp. middle, centre, during, among

bicar larf/ n. thought, consideration, idea

bicchi laR%L n. scorpion

bigauti lauf}tL n. beestings, the milk of the animal after bearing a calf

biha laxf n. marriage, wedding,

31

matrimonybihaite laxfOt] adj. married, wedded

bihana laxfg n./adv. morning; in the morning

bihivar lalxjf/ n. Thursday

bij aLh n. seed

bijaropan aLhf/f]k)f n. laying of the foundation stone, cornerstone ceremony

bijuli lahÚnL n. electricity, lightening

bikha lav n. poison, venom

bilkul lansÚn adj. entirely, fully, completely

binti laGtL n. request, prayer

bintipatra lalGtkq n. application, petition

biralo la/fnf] n. cat

birami la/fdL n./adj. patient, illness, ill

birta latf{ n. free-hold land

birtaval latf{jfn n. owner of free-hold land

bis aL; num. twenty, 20

bitaunu latfpgÚ v.t. to spend

biu aLp n. seed

biunjhanu lap´gÚ v.t. to wake up

bodi af]*L n. a kind of bean, blackeye bean

boknu af]SgÚ v.t. to carry, to lift, to conceive

boko af]sf] n. he-goat

bolaunu af]nfpgÚ v.t. to call, to invite

bolbala af]nafnf n. all in all, all powerful

bolcal af]nrfn n. conversation, talk

bolcalma af]nrfndf in everyday language

bolinu af]lngÚ v.i. to be spoken

bolivacan af]nLjrg n. conversation, talk

bolnu af]NgÚ v.i. to speak

brihaspatibar a[x:kltaf/ n. Thursday

brihat a[xt adj. big, large, huge

buddhi aÚl$ n. knowledge, intellect, mental power, wisdom

buddhical aÚl$rfn n. chess

32

buddhijivi aÚl$hLjL adj. intelligent, learned

budha ba a''(f af n. grandfather [lower class]

budhavar aÚwjf/ n. Wednesday

budhi ama a'(L cfdf n. grandmother [lower class]

budhi aunlo a'(L cf}+nf] n. thumb

budho a'(f] adj. old [person]

buhari a'xf/L n. son's wife, daughter-in-law

buingal aÚOun n. upper storey of a house, attic, garret

bujhaunu aÚ´fpgÚ v.t. to explain, to make over

bunda aÚbf n. main point, main issue

burundi aÚ?)*L n. Burundi

butta aÚ§f n. design

buva aÚjf n. father, papa

bvanso Ajf;f] n. wolf

byadmintan Aof*ldG^g n. badminton

cabaunu rafpgÚ v.t. to chew

cadhaunu r(fpgÚ v.t. to cause to ride, to offer [to superiors]

cadhnu r(\gÚ v.t. to climb, to mount, to ride

cadnu r*\gÚ v.t. to mount, to go up, to ascend, to ride, to improve

caharnu rxfgÚ{ v.t. to loiter, to linger, to walk about, to spend time idly by moving about

cahinu rflxgÚ v.i. to be necessary, to be required

cait r}t n. twelfth month of the Nepali year [March-April]

caitra r}q n. twelfth month of the Nepali year [March-April]

cakhaunu rvfpgÚ v.t. to cause to taste

cakhnu rfVgÚ v.t. to taste

cakku rSsÚ n. knife, cutting knife

cakramarg rqmdfu{ n. ringroad

cal rfn n. movement

calak rnfs adj. clever, sly, cunning, shrewd

calakh rnfv adj. clever, sly, cunning, shrewd

33

calan rng n. custom, habit, style, conduct

calan rnfg n. despatch, consignment

calan garnu rng ugÚ{ v.t. to use

calaunu rnfpgÚ v.t. to cause to move, to put to use, to move, to despatch

calis rfln; num. forty, 40

callo rNnf] n. young chicken

calnu rNgÚ v.i. to move, to be current, to be in use, to work, to flirt

caltika rNtLsf adj. common, normal, in circulation

camada rd*f n. skin, hide

camal rfdn n. husked but uncooked rice

camca rDrf n. spoon

camero rd]/f] n. bat, vampire

camkanu rDsgÚ v.i. to glitter, to shine

camkaunu rDsfpgÚ v.t. to polish, to cause to shine

camkilo rlDsnf] adj. bright

camsur rD;Ú/ n. [a kind of pungent vegetable eaten raw as herbal medicine]

canakya rf)fSo n. [name of Kautilya, the author of the ancient Arthashastra]

cancun rfgrÚg adj. about, a little, miscellaneous

canda rGbf n. donation

candai rf*} adv. soon

candi rfñbL n. silver

cando rfñ*f] adj. quick, fast, soon, immediately

candrama rGb|df n. moon

cangunarayan rfuÚgf/fo)f n. Changunarayan [an ancient site in the eastern part of the Kathmandu valley]

cap rfk n. arc, segment of a circle, semi-circle, rainbow

car rf/ num. four, 4

caraitira rf/}lt/ adv. on all (four) sides

caran r/)f n. foot, leg, a quarter of a

34

stanzacaraunu r/fpgÚ v.t. to make graze

carca rrf{ n. talk, enquiry, query, praise, remark, commendation

carit rl/t n. character, conduct, manners, behaviour, work, occupation

caritra rl/q n. character, conduct, manners, behaviour, work, occupation

carkanu rs{gÚ v.t. to crack, to split, to break

carkaunu rsf{pgÚ v.t. to cause to crack, to cause to split

carkha rvf{ n. spinning wheel

carko rsf]{ adj. hard, bitter, heavy, difficult, loud, piquant. lively, excessive, high

carnu rgÚ{ v.i. to graze

caro r/f] n. bird

cartarph rf/tkm{ adv. on all (four) sides

cartira rf/lt/ adv. on all (four) sides

cataunu r^fpgÚ v.t. to cause to lick

catnu rf^\gÚ v.i. to lick

caubar rf}a/ adj. four times

caubis rf}aL; num. twenty-four, 24

cauda rf}*f n./adj. width, breadth; wide

caudai rf}*fO n./adj. width, breadth; wide

caudha rf}w num. fourteen, 14

cauhattar rf}xQ/ num. seventy-four, 74

cauka rf}sf n. eating place surrounding the store

cauntis rf}+tL; num. thirty-four, 34

caupattai rf}k§} adj. exceedingly, exceptionally

cauranabbe rf}/fgAa] num. ninety-four, 94

caurasi rf}/f;L num. eighty-four, 84

causatthi rf};^\&L num. sicty-four, 64

cautara rf}tf/f n. sincere and benevolent member of the royal family

cautariya rf}tl/of n. member of the royal family

35

cautarph rf}tkm{ adv. on all (four) sides

cautho rf}yf] adj. fourth

cavalis rjfnL; num. forty-four, 44

cavanna rjGg num. fifty-four, 54

cavaunu rjfpgÚ v.t. to chew

cehara r]x/f n. face, appearance, countenance

celi r]nL n. female disciple, female pupil

celibeti becvikhat r]lna]^L a]rljvt n. girls trafficking

cepang r]kfª n. Chepang [a Nepalese nationality]

cetana r]tgf n. intelligence, consciousness, animation, rationality, spirit

cetauni r]tfpgL n. to warn

cetavani r]tfjgL n. warning

cetnu r]TgÚ v.i. to be conscious, to recover the senses, to be on the alert

cha % num. six, 6

cha patra % kq adj. sixfold

chabbis %AaL; num. twenty-six, 26

chadnu %fb\gÚ v.i./v.t. to throw up, to vomit

chadnu %f*\gÚ v.t. to leave, to leave out

chahari %xf/L shade, shelter, protection

chahattar %xQ/ num. seventy-six, 76

chaisatthi %};&\7L num. sixty-six, 66

chaitaun %}^f}+ adj. sixth

chakkinu %lSsgÚ v.i. to be deceived, to be astonished

chakyaunu %sØfpgÚ v.t. to tell lies, to deceive

chala %fnf n. skin

chalnu %NgÚ v.t. to deceive, to trick

chalphal %nkmn n. discussion, debate

chalphal garnu %nkmn ugÚ{ v.t. to discuss

chamnu %fDgÚ v.t. to touch, to feel

chana %fgf n. roof

36

chanavin %fgjLg n. selection, search, scrutiny, choice

chand %Gb n. meter, prosody, intention

channe %fGg] n. filter, strainer

channu %fGgÚ v.t. to choose, to select, to sieve

chantyal %GYofn n. Chantyal [a Nepali nationality]

chapakhana %fkfvfgf n. press, printing press

chapanna %kGg num. fifty-six, 56

chapinu %flkgÚ v.i. to be published

chapnu %fKgÚ v.t. to print, to publish

charnu %gÚ{ v.t. to scatter, to disperse

chata %ftf n. umbrella

chati %ftL n. chest, breast, bravery, courage

chatra %fq n. scholar, disciple, pupil

chatravas %fqfjf; n. hostel, boarding house, lodging

chattis %QL; num. thirty-six, 36

chaunu %fpgÚ v.t. to cover, to roof

chauro %fp/f] n. cub, puppy, kitten

chaya %fof n. shade, shadow, reflection

chayalis %ofnL; num. forty-six, 46

chayan %fof n. shade, shadow, reflection

chayanabbe %ofgAa] num. ninety-six, 96

chayasi %of;L num. eighty-six, 86

cheknu %]SgÚ v.t. to stop, to hinder

chetri %]qL n. Chetri, Kshatriya [the second highest class (varna) of the Hindu social hierarchy]

chimeki l%d]sL n. neighbour

chindi l%+*L n. cellar, basement

chiraunu l%/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to go through

chirkemirke l%s]{lds]{ adj. spotted

chirnu l%gÚ{ v.i. to go through, to bore through

chito l%^f] adj. quick, smart

37

chodnu %f]*\gÚ v.t. to leave, to leave out, to abandon, to relinquish, to give up

chopnu %f]KgÚ v.t. to cover, to hide

chori %f]/L n. daughter

choro %f]/f] n. son

choto %f]&f] adj. short, small, condensed

chunu %ÚgÚ v.t. to touch

churavaji %Ú/fjfhL n. exchange of dagger-blows

chuskar %Ú:s/ n. tell-tale, backbiter

chutkara %Ú^sf/f n. release, freedom, rescue

chutnu %Ú^\gÚ v.i. to be left, to separate

chuvachut %Újf%'t n. untouchability, contamination

cihan lrxfg n. grave, graveyard, cemetry, tomb, burial ground

cijbij lrhlah n. goods, furniture, wares

cikitsa lrlsT;f n. treatment, remedy, medication, therapy

cikitsalaya lrlsT;fno n. hospital, dispensary

cil rLn n. eagle

cimotnu lrdf]&^gÚ v.t. to pinch, to nip

cin rLg n. China

cinari lrgf/L n. identity, acquaintance, intimacy, familiarity

cinaunu lrgfpgÚ v.t. to introduce, to cause to recognize

ciniyan lrglof adj. Chinese

cinnu lrGgÚ v.t. to recognize, to know, to identify, to distinguish

cinta lrGtf n. woory, anxiety, care, concern, reflection

cintan lrGtg n. thinking, study, reflection, contemplation, meditation

cintit lrlGtt adj. sad

ciplo lrKnf] adj. slippery

cirnu lrgÚ{ v.t. to split, to rip up

ciso lr;f] adj. cold, wet, moistened, damp

ciso pani lr;f] kfgL n. cold water

38

cithi lr&L n. letter, written message

citra lrq n. picture, painting, illustration, image

citta lrQ n. mind, feeling, spirit, heart, attention, memory, thought

cittha lr^\&f n. lottery, game of chance

citthi lr^\&L n. letter, written message

cituva lrt'jf n. leopard, panther

ciundo lrp*f] n. chin

ciura lrp/f n. flattened rice, beaten rice

ciya lrof n. tea

cod-patra rf]* kq– n. written consent of divorce, quitclaim

cok rf]s n. courtyard

cokhinu rf]lvgÚ v.i. to be pure

cor rf]/ n. thief, robber, swindler

cornu rf]gÚ{ v.t. to steal

cot rf]^ n. wound, bruise, hurt, mental agony

cucuro rÚrÚ/f] n. peak, summit, highest point

cuda r'*f n. crown, crest

cudamani r'*fdl)f n. a kind of valuable ornament or jewel worn on the head

cuhinu rÚlxgÚ v.i. to drip, to leak

cuhunu rÚxÚgÚ v.i. to drip, to leak

culensi rÚn]+;L n. a curved instrument for cutting and preparing vegetables for cooking

culo rÚnf] n. cooking place, stove

cultho rÚN&f] n. plaited hair, interwoven hair

cumnu rÚDgÚ v.t. to kiss, to caress

cuna rÚgf n. lime

cunauti rÚgf}tL n. challenge

cunav rÚgfj n. election, selection

cunavi rÚgfjL adj. electoral

cup lagnu r'k nfUgÚ v.i. to be quiet

curot rÚ/f]^ n. cigarette

cusnu rÚ:gÚ v.t. to suck

39

cutai rÚ^fO n. beating, thrashing

cutnu rÚ^\gÚ v.t. to thrash, to beat

cyankhla RofVnf n. ground corn

cyatnu RofTgÚ v.t. to tear

cyau Rofp n. mushroom

dabau bafp n. pressure

dabi bfaL n. claim, demand

dadhnu *(\gÚ v.i. to burn, to be burnt up

dadu *f*Ú n. ladle

daguraunu buÚ/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to run

dagurnu buÚgÚ{ v.i. to run, to hasten, to race

daha bx n. pond, lake

dahi bxL n. yoghurt

dahine bflxg] adj. right

dahri bfx|L n. beard

dai bfO n. elder brother

dailo b}nf] n. door, gate, passage, entrance

daju bfhÚ n. elder brother

dajyu bfHo' n. elder brother

daknu *fSgÚ v.t. to call, to invite

daksha bIf adj. dexterous, able, astute

dakshin koriya blIf)f sf]l/of n. Südkorea

dal bfn n. different kinds of lentils

dal bn n. party, group, crowd

dalal bnfn n. broker, tout, middleman

dalbal bnan n. the whole party, army, strenght

dalbandi bnaGbL n. party politics, group politics

dalcini bfnrLgL n. cinnamon

dalit blnt n. Dalit, untouchable (as seen by the Bahuns)

dallo *Nnf] n. round thing, cloth, lump

dalo *fnf] n. basket

dalpati bnklt n. party leader, chief, commander

dalvihinata bnljxLgtf n. independence from party,

40

non-partydaman bdg n. suppression, oppression

dampati bDklt n. husband and wife

damphu *Dkm" n. a kind of drum

dan bfg n. donation, gift, religious gift, contribution

danda *f*f n. hill, hillock, pole of a roof

danda *f* n. fine, penalty, punishment

dandalnu **fNgÚ n. back

dandi *f*L n. pole, staff (of a palanquin)

dando *f*f] n. hill, hillock, the pole of a roof

danphe *fkm] n. the nine-coloured Himalayan pheasant [the National Bird of Nepal]

dant bft n. tooth

dant majhnu bft df́ \gÚ v.t. to clean teeth

dant malnu bft dNgÚ v.t. to clean teeth

dant maskaunu bft d:sfpgÚ v.t. to clean teeth

dantko burus bftsf] aÚ?; n. tooth brush

dantmanjan bGtdGhg n. tooth paste

danuvar bgÚjf/ n. Dhanuwar [a Nepali nationality]

dapha bkmf n. section of a law

dar */ n. fear, dread, alarm, risk, danger

daraj b/fh n. cupboard

daraunu */fpgÚ v.i. to frighten, to be frightened

darbar b/af/ n. palace, royal court

dari bf/L n. beard

dari b/L n. cotton rug

daridra bl/b| adj. poor, needy, penurious

darim bfl/d n. pomegranate

darja bhf{ n. class, standard, position, rank

darjan bh{g n. dozen

darjiling nfhL{lnª n. Darjeeling

darlagdo */nfUbf] adj. dreadful, terrible, dangerous

41

darle */n] out of fear

darshan bz{g n. audience, appearance, vision

das b; num. ten, 10

das bf; n. slave, servant, dependent

dasana *;gf n. cotton rug for lying on, mattress

dasaun b;f}+ adj. tenth

dashak sarvanam bzs ;j{gfd n. demonstrative pronoun

dasi b;L n. proof, evidence

dasta bf;tf n. slavery, servitude, bondage

dastavej b:tj]h n. document, deed

data bftf giver, donor, benefactor

datri sanstha bft[ ;+:yf n. donor agency

daudaha bf}*fxf n. touring, travelling, inspection

daura bfp/f n. firewood, fuel, dried wood

dava bfjf n. claim, demand

daya bof n. kindness, favour, mercy, pity, sympathy

daya aunu bof cfpgÚ to pity, to feel pity

dayan bfof adj. right

dayaniya bogLo adj. pitiable, arousing pity

debre b]a]| adj. left, reverse, opposite

dedh baje *]( ah] adv. half past one

dekhaunu b]vfpgÚ v.t. to show

dekhi b]lv postp. from, after, owing to

dekhinu b]lvgÚ v.i. to be seen, to appear

dekhnu b]VgÚ v.t. to see

dera *]/f n. residence, booth, camp

desh b]z n. land, country, region

deshantar b]zGt/ n. terrestrial longitude; foreign country

deshbhakta b]zeQm n. patriot

deshbhakti b]zelQm n. patriotism

deshraksha b]z/Iff n. national defence

devar b]j/ n. husband's younger brother

42

devarani b]j/fgL n. husband's younger brother's wife

devata b]j^f n. god

dhadas (f*; n. encouragement, hope, assurance

dhago wfuf] n. thread

dhakane (sg] n. rice fried in butter and cooked in milk

dhakdhakyaunu (s(sØfpgÚ v.t. to push down, to tap

dhaknu (fSgÚ v.t. to hide, to cover, to conceal

dhamilo wldnf] adj. dim, not clear, dirty, muddy

dhamki wDsL n. threatening, threat, reproof

dhan wg n. wealth, property, riches

dhan wfg n. unhusked Reis

dhanca (frf n. design, way, method, make up, manner

dhandha wGwf n. occupation, business, profession

dhandhali wfwnL n. chaos, chaotic state

dhani wfgL adj. golden

dhani wgL adj. rich

dhaniyan wlgof n. coriander

dhaniyanko sag wlgofsf] ;fu n. coriander green

dhantnu (f \̂gÚ v.i. to tell a lie, to deceive

dhapaunu wkfpgÚ v.t. to drive away, to chase

dhara wf/f n. water tap, torrent, current of water

dharahara w/x/f n. tower

dharan wf/)f n. holding, wielding

dharana wf/)ff n. determination, thought, memory

dharatal w/ftn n. surface (of the earth)

dharke ws]{ adj. striped

dharma wd{ n. religion, duty, creed, faith

dharmadeva wdb]j n. Dharmadeva [a Licchavi king, father of Manadeva I]

dharmadhikari wdf{lwsf/L n. an official responsible for jurisdiction

dharmagranth wd{u|Gy n. religious text

43

dharmashala wd{zfnf n. resthouse [for religious puposes]

dharmavacak nam wd{jfrs gfd n. abstract noun [ling.]

dharmik wld{s adj. religious, related to dharma

dharmik sthan wld{s :yfg n. religious centre

dharna wgf{ n. the act of waiting for something

dharo wf/f] n. spring of water, current of water, stream of people

dhatu wftÚ n. metal

dhau wfp n. ore

dherai w]/} adj. much, many, a lot

dherai aghi w]/} cl# adv. long time ago

dherai logne hunu w]/} nf]Ug] xÚgÚ comp. to practice polyandry

dherai vivaha w]/} ljjfx n. polgamy

dherai vivaha garnu w]/} ljjfx ugÚ{ comp. to practice polygamy

dheraijaso w]/}h;f] adj. many, a lot

dhiki l(sL n. a machine for husking rice

dhimal lwdfn n. Dhimal [a Nepali nationality]

dhindo l(+*f] n. boiled flour paste

dhoka (f]sf n. door, gate, gateway

dhukka (ÚSs adj. free from axiety, secure

dhukur ('ÚsÚ/ n. dove

dhukuti ('ÚsÚ^L n. barn, storehouse, treasury

dhunga (Ú+uf n. stone

dhup w"k n. sun, sunshine, incence

dhusro wÚ;|f] adj. ash-coloured, grey

dhvanse Wjf;] adj. dark-brown, soot-coloured

dhyan Wofg n. meditation, contemplation

didi lbbL n. elder sister

digo bLuf] adj. sustainable

din lbg n. day

dinahun lbgxÚ adj. daily

dinbhari lbgel/ for the whole day

dinu lbgÚ v.t. to give

dirgha bL#{ adj. large, wide, tall, huge, deep

44

dirghakalin bL#{sfnLg adj. sustained, chronic, long term

disha lbzf n. direction

diunso lbp;f] adv. at the day time

divas lbj; n. day

dobar bf]a/ adj. double, twice, twofold

dohori bf]xf]/L adj. pertaining to both sides

doklo bf]Snf] adj. double

doko *f]sf] n. a big basket carried on the back

doreto *f]/]&f] n. footpath, way to walk

dori *f]/L n. cord, rope

dosi bf]ifL adj. defective, faulty, guilty, sinful

dosro bf];|f] adj. second

dravyavacak nam b|Jojfrs gfd n. material noun

dristi b[l:& n. sight, vision, looking

dristikon b[l:&sf])f n. viewpoint, visual angle

dublaunu bÚAnfpgÚ v.i. to get thin, to be weak

dublo bÚAnf] adj. weak, thin, lean, skiny

dubnu *ÚAgÚ v.i. to drown, to sink

dubulki marnu *'ÚaÚNsL dfgÚ{ v.t. to take the plunge

dudh bÚw n. milk

dugdha bÚUw n. milk

dugdhasar bÚUw;f/ n. cheese

dugurnu bÚuÚgÚ{ v.i. to run

duhkhi bÚMvL adj. sad

duhunu bÚxÚgÚ v.t. to milk

dui bÚO{ num. two, 2

dura bÚ/f n. Dura [a Nepali nationality]

duragraha bÚ/fu|x n. prejudice, improper attempt

durdarshita b'/blz{tf n. far-sightedness, prudence, sagacity

durgam bÚu{d adj. remote

dursancar bÚ/;rf/ n. telecommunication

durvavahar bÚj{jxf/ n. misconduct, misbehaviour

dusti b'l:t adj. defective, corrupted,

45

defiled, contaminated, polluted

dut b't n. ambassador, massenger, courier

dvandva åFb n. couple, duel, quarrel

dvara åf/f postp. from, by

dvija låh n. twice-born, Brahman, oviparous

dvitiya purus vacak låtLo kÚ?if jfrs n. second person [ling.]

dvitiyardha låtLofw{ n. second half

dyotak Bf]ts adj. making clear, showing, manifesting, enlightening, indicating

e P int. hey! listen!

eghara P#f/ num. eleven, 11

egharaun P#f/f}+ adj. eleventh

ejan Phg ditto, loc cit.

ek Ps num. one, 1

ek baji Ps aflh adv. once

ek chin Ps l%g adv. for a moment, for a short time

ek coti Ps rf]l^ adv. once

ek khep Ps v]k adv. once

ek na ek Ps g Ps one or other

ek palta Ps kN& adv. once

ek saya dui Ps ;o bÚO{ num. one hundred and two, 102

ek saya ek Ps ;o Ps num. one hundred and one, 101

ekaarkalai Psfcsf{nfO{ adv. each other

ekabihana Psflaxfg adv. very early in the morning

ekadeshma Psfb]zdf in any country

ekaki PsfsL adj. alone, solitary

ekanabbe PsfgAa] num. ninety-one, 91

ekanta PsfGt n./adj. solitude, loneliness; alone, lonely

ekanunna PsfpGg num. fifty-one, 51

ekasi Psf;L num. eighty-one, 81

ekatira Psflt/ adv. to one side, on the one hand

46

ekcalis PsrfnL; num. forty-one, 41

ekdam Psbd adv. very

ekedami Ps]*dL n. academy

ekhattar PsxQm/ num. seventy-one, 71

ekikaran PsLs/)f n. integration, amalgamation, unification

ekikrit PsLs[t integrated, united, unified

ekkai coti PSs} rf]l^ adv. at the same time, at once

ekkais PSsfO{; num. twenty-one, 21

ekkasi PSsfl; adv. suddenly, at once, all at once

eklai Psn} adv. alone, only

eklauti Psnf}^L adj. monopolistic

eklo PSnf] adj. lone, solitary, alone, single

eknas Psgf; adj. similar, in the same way, monotonous, uniform, all the same

ekohorinu Psf]xf]l/gÚ v.i. to concentrate on one thing only

eksaro Ps;/f] adj. single, without cover, once

eksatthi Ps;^\&L num. sixty-one, 61

ekta Pstf n. oneness, unity, union, sameness, solidarity

ektak Ps^s adv. incessant, continuous

ektis PstL; num. thirty-one, 31

ektrit Pslqt adj. united, gathered

eproc Pk|f]r n. approach

eshiyali PlzofnL adj. Asian

esiyayi Pl;ofoL adj. Asian

euta Pp^f adj. one [non-human]

euta tukra jagga Pp&f ^Úqmf hUuf a small plot of land

evamastu Pjd:t' adv. so be it; Amen

evan Pj+ conj. and, as also

gada ubf n. club, mace, bludgeon

gadagad ubub adj. glad, happy, pleased, joyful

gadar ub/ n. mutiny, rebellion, revolt

gadda u@f n. soft and thick bed, mattress

gaddar u@f/ adj. revolutionary

47

gaddar u@/ n. mud, dirt, swamp

gaddar-posh u@/ kf]z– n. door mat for rubbing off mud

gaddi u@L n. throne, saddle cloth, cushion

gaddu u@Ú n./adv. a bear's cub; useless, good for nothing, worthless

gadgad ub\ub\ thick mud or any thick substance, muddy, swampy

gadha uwf n. donkey, ass

gadhapaccisi uwfklRr;L n. adolescence, an unexperienced age

gadinarasing u*\*Lg/l;ª adj. enthroned, installed as king

gadnu uf*\gÚ v.t. to bury

gadryak-gudruk ub\¥ofs uÚb|'s– n. sound produced by the trampling of feet or hoofs

gadryamma ub\¥ofDd n. terrible sound produced by the fall of heavy things

gadya uB n. prose, ordinary writing

gadya-kavita uBsljtf n. prose poetry

gadya-kavya uBsfJo n. prose, belles lettres

gagri ufu|L n. a metal water-vessel

gagro ufu|f] n. a large earthenware or metal jar for water

gahak ufxs n. buyer, customer, purchaser

gahaki ufxsL n. buyer, customer, purchaser

gahat uxt n. lentils

gahiro ulx/f] adj. deep, profound, solemn

gahraun ux|f}+ adj. heavy, weighty

gahro ufx|f] adj. difficult, arduous, hard

gahrungo ux|Ú+uf] adj. heavy, weighty

gahun uxÚñ n. wheat

gai ufO{ n. cow

gaibastu ufO{j:tÚ n. cattle

gaihra u}x| adj. all, whole

gainda u}+*f n. rhinoceros

gair sarkari sanstha u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf n. Non Government

48

Organization, NGOgairaprajatantrik u}/k|hftflGqs adj. undemocratic, non-

democraticgajar ufh/ n. carrot

gala ufnf n. cheeks

galainca un}+rf n. carpet

galat unt adj. wrong

gali ufnL n. rebuke, abuse, reproof

gali ufln n. rebuke, abuse, reproof

gali garnu ufnL ugÚ{ v.t. to tell off, to insult

galli uNnL n. lane, by-lane

gamarkyaunu udSØf{pgÚ v.t. to clutch, to seize

gambhir uDeL/ adj. deep, grave, far down

ganagan ugug n. grumbling, murmuring, prattling

ganaganahat ugugfx^ n. grumbling, murmuring, prattling

ganaganaunu ugugfpgÚ v.i. to grumble, to mumur

ganatantra u)ftGq n. republic, republican system of government

ganathan ugyg n. idle talk, gossip, a long tale

ganathanaunu ugygfpgÚ v.t. to talk nonsense, to gossip

gandagi uGbuL n. filth, dirt, impurity

gandha uGw n. smell, odour, stink, scent, perfume

gandhadravya uGwb|Jo a sweet scented substance

gandhak uGws n. sulphur, brim-stone

gandhakshat uGwfIft n. sandal-wood, tice, etc. for puja

gandharva uGwj{ n. a celestian or heavenly musician, a class of demi-god

gandharva-ved uGwj{j]b n. science of Music

gandharva-vidya uGwjljBf n. music, the science of music

gandharva-vivaha uGwj{ljjfx n. a kind of marriage by mutual agreement, love marriage

gandhi uGwL a perfumer, one who sells essences or scented oils, scented, perfumed, having a sweet smell

49

gandhik ulGws n. the scent of perfumery merchant

gandyaulo u*Øfnf] n. earthworm

gangato uu^f] n. crab

ganja ufhf n. marijuana

ganjagol uGhuf]n n. confusion, topsy-turvey, chaos

ganji uGhL n. sweater, vest, jacket, undershirt

ganjipha uGhLkmf n. a kind of playing cards or ist game

gannu uGgÚ v.t. to count, to reckon, to deem

gans ufñ; n. mouthful, morsel

gansnu uf:gÚ v.t. to join together

ganti uGtL n. number, reckoning, attendance

gapashap ukzk n. prattle, tittle-tattle

gapphad uKkm* prattler, braggart, tattler

garaunu u/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to do

garbha ue{ n. womb, foetus, embryo

garerai chadnu u/]/} %f*\gÚ v.t. to perform at all cost

garib u/La n./adj. poor, penniless, humble, needy

garibi u/LaL n. poverty, penury, humility

garjan-tarjan uh{gth{g n. threat, intimidation

garjanu uh{gÚ v.i. to thunder, to roar, to bluster

garmi udL{ n. heat, warmth

garna chodnu ug{ %f]*\gÚ v.t. to stop to do something

garna dinu ug{ lbgÚ v.t. ro allow to do something, to cause to do something

garna thalnu ug{ yfNgÚ v.t. to start to do something

garnu ugÚ{ v.t. to do

garo uf/f] n. wall

gate ut] n. date [according to the Nepali calendar]

gatha ufyf n. story, tale, verse, song, lay

gathakar ufyfsf/ n. author of a narrative tale

gathan u&g n. formation, construction; act

50

of building,modelling or shaping

gathaso uyf;f] n. long tale of oneself, nonsense

gati ult n. speed, motion, movement, condition, circumstance, position

gatihara ultxf/f adj. lazy, sedentary, idle, stagnant

gatiman ultdfg n. speed, movement, full motion

gatishil ultzLn n. speed, movement, full motion

gatividhi ultljlw n. activity, movements, frequentation, state of things, position of progress

gatta uQ adj. hopeless, having nothing

gattam uQd adj. hopeless, having nothing

gatvar uTj/ adj. transitory, perishable, mortal

gaun ufp n. village

gaun uf})f adj. secondary, subordinate, indirect, inferior, expressing associate quality

gaun vikas samiti ufp ljsf; ;ldlt n. Village Development Committee, VDC

gaunghar ufp#/ n. neighbour, villager

gaunnivasi ufplgjf;L n. villager

gaunthali uf}+ynL n. swallow

gayab ufoa adj. missing, vanished, dissappeared

geru u]? adj. ochre, red-brown

ghadi #*L n. clock, watch

ghailo #}nf] n. a large water-vessel, a huge pitcher

ghaite #fOt] adj. hurt

gham #fd n. sunshine, heat of the sun

ghan #g n. large hammer, cloud, solidity

ghana #gf adj. thik, dense, solid, grumous

ghanta #)^ n. clock, watch

ghantaghar #)^#/ n. clocktower

51

ghanti #f^L n. throat, mountain pass, vale

ghar #/ n. house

ghar hernu #/ x]gÚ{ to run the household, to do the housework

gharelu udyog #/]nú pBf]u n. cottage industry

ghatak #^s n. factor, component, constitutent, ingredient

ghatana #^gf n. incident, event, accident, episode

ghataunu #^fpgÚ v.t. to cause to decrease, to subtract

ghati #f^L n. throat, mountain pass, vale

ghati #^L adj. less, few, little

ghatnu #^\gÚ v.i. to decrease, to lesson, to decline

ghatta #§ n. corn mill, water mill

ghatu #f^Ú n. a Gurung dance

ghau #fp n. wound, sore, hurt, injury, ulcer

ghiu l#p n. melted butter

ghoda #f]*f n. horse, pony, hammer of a gun

ghoral #f]/n n. Himalayan wild goat

ghosana #F]if)ff n. declaration, proclamation, announcement

ghosanapatra #F]if)ffkq n. manifesto

ghosit #f]lift adj. declared, proclaimed

ghumnu #ÚDgÚ v.i. to move about, to roam, to turn round, to go around

ghunda #Ú*f n. knee

ghus #'; n. bribe, emolument, graft

ghyampo £ofDkf] n. a large clay jar, a store-jar

giddha lu$ n. vulture

gija luhf n. gum

gilo uLnf] adj. soft, overripe, overcooked

girnu lugÚ{ v.i. to fall, to drop, to come down, to be degraded

glas Unf; n. glass

gobar uf]a/ n. cowdung [used as plaster on the floor of the house]

52

godam uf]bfd n. godown, storehouse, granery

godamel uf]*d]n n. weeding, removal of weeds

godavari uf]bfj/L n. Godavari [a village in Kathmandu valley]

godnu uf]b\gÚ v.t. to beat severely

godnu uf]*\gÚ v.t. to weed, to remove weeds

gohi uf]xL n. crocodile

golbhinda uf]lNe+*f n. tomato

goli uf]nL n. a small ball, bullet

goli gantho uf]nL uf&f] n. ankle bone

golidvara mrityudanda uf]nLåf/f d[ToÚb)* n. death penalty by shooting

goman sarp uf]dg ;k{ n. cobra

gopalprasad rimal uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn n. Gopal Prasad Rimal [ a famous Nepali poet]

gopya uf]Ko adj. confidential, secret, private

goro uf]/f] adj. fair-complexioned, white [skin]

goru uf]? n. ox [castrated]

gosthi uf]i&L n. symposium, small assembly, discourse

goth uf]& n. cowshed, byre

graha u|x n. planet, evil star, eclipse

grahan u|x)f n. acceptance, reception, act of receiving or holding

gram u|fd n. village

grenait u|]gfO^ n. granite

griha u[x n. house, abode, residence, dwelling

gulaphi uÚnfkmL adj. pink, rose-coloured

guliyo uÚlnof] adj. sweet, sugary

gumaraha uÚd/fx adj. misled, astray

gumaunu uÚdfpgÚ v.t. to lose, to forfeit

gun uÚ)f n. quality, virtue, merit, attainment

gunabodhak uÚ)faf]ws adj. qualitative [gram.]

gundri uÚGb|L n. mat made of rice, wheat or corn-straw

gundruk uÚGb|Ús n. fermented and dried vegetables

53

gupta uÚKt adj. obscure, hidden, secret, private

guptacar uÚKtr/ n. spy, emissary

gupti uÚKtL n. spy, detective

guru uÚ? n. spiritual teacher, master, guide

gurung uÚ?ª n. Tamu, Gurung [a Nepali nationality]

guruvar uÚ?jf/ n. Thursday

guthi u"&L n. a religious or benevolent society, trust, pledge

gyan !fg n. knowledge, intelligence, understanding, wisdom

gyani !fgL n./adj. learned, intelligent, informed, erudite

gyapan !fkg n. memorandum

habba xAaf n. might, power, capacity, strength

habbe xAa] n. might, power, capacity, strength

hackanu xRsgÚ v.i. to get frightened, to hesitate, to be scared

had xf* n. bone

hade badam xf*] abfd n. almond

hadpa x*\k n. confiscation, taking one's property illegally, misappropriation

hadtal x*tfn n. strike, picket

haisiyat x}l;ot n. ability, status, merit, capacity

hajar xhf/ num. one thousand, 1,000

hajurama xhÚ/cfdf n. grandmother

hajurba xhÚ/af n. grandfather [rural]

hajurbuva xhÚ/aÚjf n. grandfather

hajurmuma xhÚ/dÚdf n. grandmother [upper class]

hak xs n. right, authority, claim

hal xfn n./adj. present time, present condition, description

halkhabar xfnva/ n. news current affair

halla xNnf n. noise, turmoil, uproar, tumult

halnu xfNgÚ v.t. to put, to serve

54

haluka xnÚsf adj. light (in weight)

haluko xnÚsf] adj. light [weight]

halungo xnÚéf] adj. light [weight]

haluva xnÚjf n. flour boiled in water and mixed with butter and sugar

haluvabed xnÚjfa]b n. a kind of sweet fruit

hamala xdnf n. attack, invasion, assault

hamro xfd|f] pron. our (m.)

hango xfuf] n. branch, offspring

haninu xflggÚ v.i. to run very fast, to fly very fast

hanknu xfSgÚ v.t. to drive, to challenge, to exaggerate

hannu xfGgÚ v.t. to strike, to shoot, to jump

hans xf; n. duck, goose, swan

hansa x+; n. soul, vital air, life; duck, swan, goose

hansaunu x+;fpgÚ v.t. to cause to laugh

hanseuli x;]pnL n. laughter, joke, jest, fun, spott

hansilo xl;nf] adj. humerous, cheerful, frolicsome, jolly, jovial, gay, merry

hans-kukhura palan xf;sÚvÚ/f kfng n. poultry farming

hanso xf;f] n. laughter, laugh

hanssi x:;L n. laughter, joke, fun

hara x/ adj. every, everyone

haraunu x/fpgÚ v.i. to lose, to defeat

harayo x/fof] it has got lost

harbakhat x/avt adv. always, ever

hardam x/bd adv. always, ever

hariya makai xl/of ds} n. corn on the cob

hariyo xl/of] adj. green

hartakarta xtf{stf{ n. one who is all in all, the Almighty

hasil xfl;n adj. obtained, acquired

hastagat x:tut adj. received, obtained

hastakala x:tsnf n. handicraft, hand-work

hastakshar x:tfIf/ n. signature, one's own

55

handwriting

hastakshep x:tIf]k n. interference, interruption

hat xft n. hand

hat aunu xft cfpgÚ comp. to fall into someone's hands

hat halnu xft xfNgÚ to lend a hand

hatiyar xltof/ n. weapon

hatkelo xTs]nf] n. palm

hatnu x^\gÚ v.i. to retreat, to go away, to get out of the way

hatteri xQ]/L adv. word used for expressing surprise or sorrow

hatti xfQL n. elephant

hatya xTof n. murder, killing, slaughter

hava xjf n. air, wind, breeze

hava xfjf n. air, wind, breeze

havai xjfO{ adj. airy, relating to air

havai jahaj xjfO{ hxfh n. airplane

havai marg xjfO{ dfu{ n. air route

havai-dank xjfO{*fs n. air letter, aerograph

havajahaj xfjfhxfh n. aeroplane, airplane

havan xjg n. fire sacrifice

havapani xfjfkfgL n. climate, weather

havas xj;\ o.k. [a word to indicate obedience]

hemanta x]dGt n. late autumn, beginning of the cold season

hernu x]gÚ{ v.t. to see, to look at, to watch

herpher x]/km]/ n. change, exchange, alteration, transfer

hijo lxhf] adv. yesterday

hijo rati lxhf] /ftL adv. last night

hijoaja lxhf]cfh adv. nowadays

himalaya pradesh lxdfno k|b]z n. Himalayan region

himarekha lxd/]vf n. snowline

himasrot bhaeko nadi lxd;|f]t ePsf] gbL n. meltwater river

him-marubhumi lxdd?e'ld n. tundra

hina xLg adj. low, vile, inferior, degraded,

56

base, humblehindi lxGbL n. Hindi

hindnu lx+*\gÚ v.i. to walk, to go, to move, to start, to set off

hira xL/f n. diamond

hit lxt n. gain, benefit

hiun lxp n. snow

hoco xf]rf] adj. short, low

hodabaji xf]*afhL n. contest, gambling, betting

hosh xf]z n. sense, sensibility, intelligence

hosh garnu xf]z ugÚ{ v.t. to be cautious

hoshiyar xf]lzof/ adj. cautious, careful

hoshiyari xf]lzof/L n. cautiousness, carefulness, prudence

hotel xf]^]n n. hotel

hridaya x[bo n. heart, mind, will

hukka xÚSsf n. water pipe, Hookka

hulak adda xÚnfs c*\* n. post office

hundi xÚlb postp. during

huri xÚ/L n. strong wind, storm

huri calnu xÚ/L rNgÚ to be stormy

hyolmo xØf]ndf] n. Hyolmo [a Nepalese nationality]

iccha OR%f n. wish, desire

icchit OlR%t adj. desired, wished for

icchuk OR%"s adj. interested

ijjat OHht n. honour, status

ikh O{v n. jealousy, envy, vengeance

ikh phernu O{v km]g{" v.t. to take revenge

ilaka Onfsf n. jurisdiction, possession, limit, area under control

ilam Onfd n. Ilam (a district in Eastern Nepal)

ilame Onfd] n. inhabitant of Ilam

iman O{dfg n. truth, belief, faith, honesty

imandar O{dfgbf/ adj. honest, trustworthy, faithful

imandar Odfgbf/ adj. honest, faithful

57

imandari O{dfgbf/L n. honesty, faithfulness, integrity

indonesia OG*f]g]l;of n. Indonesien

indriya OlGb|o n. sense, sense organ

inklab OGSnfa n. revolution

int O+{^ n. brick

irada O/fbf n. wish, desire, will, plan, intention

irsya O{iof{ n. jealousy, envy

irsyalu O{iof{n" adj. jealous, envious

ishara Ozf/f n. gesture, sign, indication, wink

ishvar O{Zj/ n. God, the Lord

iskus O:s"; n. a kind of vegetable

ispat O:kft n. steel

ista Oi^ adj. wished, desired

itar Ot/ adj. other

itihas Oltxf; n. history

itihasik Oltxfl;s adj. historical

itihaskar Oltxf;sf/ n. historian

itrinu OlqgÚ v.i. to be mischievous, to talk mischievously about sex

ityadi OTofbL conj. etcetera, etc.

iyarphon Oo/kmf{g n. earphone, hearing-aid

jado hf*f] n./adj. coolness, winter, chill, cold

jaga hu n. foundation, ground work

jagaran hfu/)f n. awakening, wakefulness

jagat jut n. universe, the world

jagga hUUff n. landland, field, estate

jagir hfuL/ n. employment, Job, service, monthly salary, wages

jagnu hfUgÚ v.i. to wake up, to be alert, to be angry

jahaj hxfh n. ship, vessel

jahan hxf pron. where

jahan hxfg n. family, members of the family

jal hn n. water

58

jalaunu hnfpgÚ v.t. to set fire to

jali hfnL n./adj. 1. forgerer, netting, web, film; imitated, forged

jalnu hNgÚ v.i. to burn, to be kindled

jal-shakti hnzlQm n. water power

jalvayu hnjfo" n. climate

jalvayuko prabhav hnjfo"sf] k|efj n. climatical influence

jal-vibhajak hnljefhs n. watershed

jama hfd n. congestion, dregs, rusts

jama hdf adv. tol, in sum, altogether

jamaunu hdfpgÚ v.t. to make solid, to freeze

jamin hdLg n. land, field

jamma hDdf adv. tol, in sum, altogether

jamnu hDgÚ v.i. to be frozen

jana hgf n. (counting word for persons)

jana-andolan hgcf+bf]ng n. popular movement, people's movement

janacetana hgr]tgf n. ethnic consciousness, national consciousness

janaganana hgu)fgf n. census

janai hg} n. sacred thread of a Brahman

jana-jagaran hghfu/)f n. popular awakening, renaissance

janajati hghflt n. ethnic group, nationality

janajivan hghLjg n. public life, public living

janakari hfgsf/L n. knowledge, information

janapakshiya hgkIfLo adj. related to the people

janapravad hgk|jfb n. hearsay, rumour, common talk

jana-sahabhagita hg;xeflutf n. popular participation

janasamaksha hg;dIf comp. in public

janasankhya hg;+Vof n. population

janashruti hg>"lt n. rumour, hearsay, common talk

janasvasthya hg:jf:Yo n. public health

janata hgtf n. people, public, mass, mankind

janatantravad hgtGqjfb n. democracy

59

janatantrik hgtlGqs adj. democratic, democratical

janavad hgjfb n. a political principle in which the supreme administrator must be elected by common people

janavar hgfj/ n. animal, beast

janc hfr n. exam, test

jancnu hfRgÚ v.t. to test, to examine

jand hf* n. beer

jangal jamaune kam h+un hdfpg] sfd n. afforestation, reafforestation

jangal tayar parne h+un tof/ kfg]{ n. afforestation, reafforestation

jangali hénL adj. savage, wild, beastly

janieko hflgPsf] adj. known

janjal h~hfn n. worldly domestic affairs, family, wife and children

janma hGd n. birth, life, nativity, production

janmabhumi hGde'ld n. birthplace

janmadar hGdb/ n. birth rate

janmadata hGdbftf n. father, progenitor, producer

janmanu hGdgÚ v.i. to be born

janmat hgdt n. public opinion

janmathalo hGdynf] n. birth-place, place where born

janmaunu hGdfpgÚ v.t. to give birth to

janmeko hGd]sf] adj. born

jannu hfGgÚ v.t. to know, to understand

jantantra hgtGq n. people's democracy

janto hftf] n. handmill for grinding corn etc.

janu hfgÚ v.i. to go

japan hfkfg n. Japan

japnu hKgÚ v.t. to mutter prayers, to repeat mantra or prayer, to tell beads

jarayo h/fof] n. a kind of deer

jari hf/L adj. proceeding, continued, current, in force

60

jarimana h/Ldfgf n. fine, punishment, money penalty

jarivana h/Ljfgf n. fine, punishment, money penalty

jaruri h?/L adj. urgent, immediate

jasta h:tf n. tin

jastai h:t} conj. as for example, i.e., like

jasto h:tf] conj. as for example, i.e., like

jasto dekhincha h:tf] b]lvG% comp. it looks like

jasto sunincha h:tf] ;"lgG% comp. it sounds like

jat hft n. class, caste, kind, sort

jati hlt adv. that much, about

jativacak nam hfltjfrs gfd n. generic term

jatiya hftLo adj. national, pertaining to the nation

jatpat hftkft n. caste system

jau hf} n. barley

javab hjfa n. answer

javan hjfg n. young man, youth

javaph hjfkm n. answer

javaphdehi hjfkmb]xL n. responsibility, accountability, obligation

jaya ho n. victory, conquest, triumph, gain, profit

jayaprakash malla hok|sfz dNn n. Jayaprakash Malla [the last Malla king of Kathmandu]

jehandar h]xGbf/ adj. intelligent, wise

jel h]n n. jail, prison

jeth h]& n. second month of the Nepali year [May-June]

jethaju h]&fh" n. husband's elder brother

jethan h]&fg n. elder brother' wife

jethani didi h]&fgL lbbL n. husband's elder brother's wife

jethi sasu h]&L ;f;" n. wife's elder sister

jetho h]&f] n. eldest [of brothers]

jhagada ´u*f n. quarrel, dispute, squabble

jhalkanu ´NsgÚ v.i. to mshine, to glitter, to glisten

61

jhalmal ´ndn adj. bright, resplendent, brilliant

jhamtanu ´D^gÚ v.t. to spring upon, to assault

jhan ´g adv. more

jhan jhan ´g ´g more and more

jhanda ´)*f n. flag, banner

jhangad ´fu* n. Jhangad [a Nepalese nationality]

jhantnu ´f^\gÚ v.t. to thresh (paddy), to rebuke

jharnu ´gÚ{ v.i. to fall, to descend, to go down

jhaskanu ´:sgÚ v.i. to be startled, to get frightened all of a sudden, to feel sudden alarm

jhiknu l´SgÚ v.t. to take out, to take off

jhinge macha l´+u] df%f n. shrimp

jhingo k´+uf] n. fly, housefly

jhol ´f]n n. broth, soup

jhuknu "́SgÚ v.i. to bow down, to stoop

jhunda "́)*f n. group, assembly, bond

jhutho ´'&f] adj. untrue, false

jhuto ´'^f] adj. untrue, false

jhyal \́ofn n. window

jhyalkhana \́ofnvfgf n. jail, prison

jibro lha|f] n. tongue

jilla lhNnf n. district

jilla pramukh adhikari lhNnf k|d'v clwsf/L n. Chief District Officer, CDO

jilla vikas samiti lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt n. District Development Committee, DDC

jimma lhDdf n. responsibility, care, custody

jimmevari lhDd]jf/L n. responsibility

jindagi lhGbuL n. life

jira hL/f n. cumin

jirel lh/]n n. Jirel [a Nepalese nationality]

jit hLt n. victory, triumph, success

jitnu lhTgÚ to win

jiu hLp n. body, person, frame

jiundo lhpbf] adj. living, alive, lively

62

jiunu lhpgÚ v.i. to live

jivajantu hLjhGt" n. living being, animal

jivan hLjg n. life, existence, animation

jivani hLjgL n. life-story, biography

jivanshaili hLjgz}nL n. way of life, habits, lifestyle

jivjantu hLjhGt" n. animal, living being

joban hf]ag n. youth, puberty, flower of youth

jod hf]* n. power, strength; join, addition, total, the sum total

jodi hf]*L n. couple

jodnu hf]*\gÚ v.t. to add, to join

joi hf]O{ n. wife [rural]

jokhnu hf]VgÚ v.t. to weigh

jotnu hf]TgÚ v.t. to plow, to harness

juhar h"xf/ n. jewel, jewellery, gem

juka h"sf n. leeches, tapeworms

juktanu h"QmgÚ v.i. to be forthcoming, to be collected, to be united, to be entangled

julus h"n"; n. procession, marching

jumra h"d|f n. lice

jun h'g n. moon

jun h"g pron. which, whichever

junaph h"gfkm n. presence

junar hÚgf/ n. orange

junelo hÚg]nf] n. large millet

junga hÚuf n. moustache

junkiri h'gsL/L n. firefly

junsukai hÚg;Ús} pron. whichever, whatsoever

juramuraunu hÚ/dÚ/fpgÚ v.i. to be active, to be alert

jut hÚ^ adj. group, party

jutaunu hÚ^fpgÚ v.t. to collect, to gather

juthyaunu hÚ&ØfpgÚ v.t. to get dirty, so soil

jutnu hÚ \̂gÚ v.i. to be collected, to be united

63

jutta hÚQf n. shoe, slipper, boot

juva hÚjf n. game, gamble

juva khelnu hÚjf v]NgÚ to gamble

jvain HjfO n. daughter's husband, son-in-law

jyada Hofbf adj. too much, in excess, excessive

jyadai Hjfb} adj. extremely

jyestha Ho]i& n. second month of the Nepali year (May-June)

jyotirvidya Hof]ltlj{B n. astronomy, astrology

jyotis Hof]ltif n. astronomy, astrology

jyotisi Hof]ltifL n. astrologer, astronomer

kabja sAhf n. possession, occupation

kacauro srf}/f] n. cup

kachuva s%Újf n. turtle, tortoise

kacinggal slr+un n. quarrel

kada s*f adj. hard, harsh, cruel, unkind

kadam sbd n. step, footstep

kadar sb/ n. respect, value, appreciation

kag sfu n. crow, raven

kagati sfutL n. lime

kahalaunu sxnfpgÚ v.i. to be called, to be famous

kahan sxf pron. where? in what place?

kahan pani sxf klg adv. nowhere, not anywhere

kahani sxfgL n. saying, proverb, story

kahile slxn] pron. when? at what time?

kahile kahin slxn] sxL+ adv. sometimes, from time to time

kahin sxL+ adv. wherever

kahin kahin sxL+ sxL+ adv. at some places, in many a place

kahinlo sflx+nf] n. fourth eldest [of brothers]

kaid s}b n. imprisonment, jail

kaid garnu s}b ugÚ{ v.t. to arrest

kaidi s}bL n. prisoner, captive, convict

kaidkhana s}bvfgf n. prison, jail

64

kailo s}nf] adj. light-brown [hair]

kainyo sfOof] n. comb

kaiphat s}kmt n. statement, remark, description

kaiphiyat s}lkmot n. statement, remark, description

kaiyaun s}of}+ adj. innumerable, many, several

kaiyun s}o" adj. innumerable, many, several

kaj sfh n. work, duty, job, occupation

kaju sfh' n. cashew nut

kaka sfsf n. father's brother

kakh sfv n. position formed while sitting cross-legged on the floor, side of the body above the hip, lap

kakhi sfvL n. arm-pit

kaki sfsL n. father's brother's wife

kakrinu slqmgÚ v.i. to become stiff by cold, to be numbed

kakryaunu sqmØfpgÚ v.t. to make numbed

kal sfn n. time, period, era, age, season, death

kala snf n. art, craft, technics

kalaha snx n. quarrel, scramble, dispute, fray

kalakar snfsf/ n. artist, technician

kalakaushal snfsf}zn n. state of being skilful

kale sfn] n. a dark skinned human being

kaleji sn]hL adj. dark-red

kalejo sn]hf] n. liver

kaligad sflnu* n. artisan

kalij sflnh n. pheasant

kalilo slnnf] adj. ender, soft, delicate, young

kalo sfnf] adj. black

kalo dal sfnf] bfn n. black lentils

kalo mas sfnf] df; n. black lentils

kalpa sNk n. era

kalpana sNkgf n. imagination, fiction,

65

supposition, assumptionkalpanashakti sNkgfzlQm n. powers of imagination

kalyan sNof)f n. welfare, good

kalyanakari sNof)fsf/L adj. propitious, auspicious, beneficial, good

kam sfd n. work, duty, job, occupation

kam sd adj. little, less, small

kam garnu sfd ugÚ{ v.t. to work

kamai sdfO n. income, returns, mode of earning

kamaunu sdfpgÚ v.t. to earn, to acquire wealth, to cultivate

kamdar sfdbf/ n. worker, labourer, porter, helper

kamej sd]h n. shirt

kamero sd]/f] n. white clay used in painting walls

kamilo sldnf] n. ant

kamjori sdhf]/L n. weakness, debility, deficiency

kamkaj sfdsfh n. business, occupation, work

kammal sDdn n. blanket

kammar sDd/ n. waist

kamnu sfdgÚ v.i. to tremble, to shiver

kamta sDtf adj. less, insufficient, short

kamti sDtL adj. less, insufficient, short

kan sfg n. ear

kancat sGr& n. temple

kanchi sfG%L n. last born female child, nice young girl

kancho sfG%f] n. youngest [of brothers]

kanco sfrf] adj. raw, unripe, immature

kand sf)* n. chapter, branch, incident

kandha sfw shoulder

kandhinu sflwgÚ v.i. to be fatt [with eating]

kando sf*f] n. thorn

kanggal séfn adj. poor, penniless, penurious

kanka loti sfGsf nf]tL n. ear lobes

66

kankro sfqmf] n. cucumber

kano sfgf] adj. blind in one eye, one-eyed

kanparo sGkf/f] n. temple

kanso sf;f] n. bronze

kanta sf^f n. fork

kantipur sflGtkÚ/ Kantipur [an old name for Kathmandu]

kanun sfg'g n. law, regulation

kanun bamojit sfg'g adf]lht according to the law, in conformity with the law

kapada sk*f n. cloth, clothing, apparel, wear

kapal skfn n. hair of the head, head

kapal kornu skfn sf]gÚ{ v.t. to comb the hair

kapal nuhaunu skfn gÚxfpgÚ v.t. rinse hair

kaphal sfkmn n. a fruit like strawberry but with a hard pit

kaphi skmL n. coffee

kapnu sKgÚ v.t. to carve, to chisel

kar sf/ n. car

kar s/ n. tax

kara sf/f n. imprisonment, confinement

karadanda sf/fb)* n. prison sentence

karagar sf/fuf/ n. prison, jail

karagriha sf/fu[x n. prison, jail

karai s/fO{ n. cooking pot [with a wide mouth]

karamat s/fdt n. miracle

karan sf/)f n. cause, motive, purpose, reason, occasion, origin

karaunu s/fpgÚ v.i. to shout

karavas sf/fjf; n. prison sentence

kardata s/bftf n. tributory, tax-paying, tax-payer

karelo s/]nf] n. a bitter vegetable, bitter gourd

karib s/La adv. almost, aproximately

karigar sf/Lu/ n. artisan

karkhana sf/vfgf n. workshop, factory,

67

manufactorykarma sd{ n. deed, act, work

karmacari sdf{rf/L n. employee, officer

karod s/f]* num. crore, 10 million, 10.000.000

kartavya st{Jo n. duty, task

kartik sflt{s n. seventh month of the Nepali year (October-November)

karuva s?jf n. brass pot with a spout

karya sfo{ n. action, act, duty, occupation, profession, function, role

karya samiti sfo{ ;ldlt n. working committee

karyakarini sfo{sfl/)fL adj. executive

karyakram sfo{qmd n. programme, schedule

karyalaya sfof{no n. workshop, office

karyanvayan sfof{Gjog n. execution, implementation

karyapalika sfo{kflnsf n. executive

karyashala sfo{zfnf n. workshop

kasari s;/L pron. how? in what way?

kasaundi s;f}+*L n. cooking pot [with a narrow mouth]

kasle lagyo? s:n] nfUof] < comp. who has taken it?

kasnu s:gÚ v.t. to tighten, to pull firmly

kast si^ n. pain, distress, trouble, hardship

kasturi s:t'/L n. muskdeer

katahar s^x/ n. jack fruit

kataunu s^fpgÚ v.t. to cause to be cut, to cause to be beheaded

katauro s^f}/f] n. cup

katha syf n. story, tale, fable, narrative

katha halnu syf xfNgÚ comp. to tell a story

kathan syg n. utterance, narration, statement

kathin sl&gÚ adj. difficult, hard, arduous, not easy

kathinai sl&gfO{ n. difficulty

kathit slyt adj. said, narrated, told

68

kathor s&f]/ adj. hard, harsh, rigid, unkind, cruel

kati slt pron. how much? how many?

kati baje ? slt ah] < comp. at which time?

kati bajyo? slt aHof] < comp. what's the time?

kati bhayo? slt eof] < comp. how much is it?

katima? sltdf < comp. for how much?

katinu sfl^gÚ v.i. to be cut

katipaya sltko adj. some, few

katnu sf^\gÚ v.t. to cut, to chop, to cancel

kattar s§/ adj. diehard, orthodox

kauli sfpnL n. cauliflower

kavi slj n. poet

kavita sljtf n. poem

kayam sfod adj. fixed, settled, firm, steady

kayam garnu sfod ugÚ{ comp. to fix a date

ke s] < pron. what?

kehi s]xL adj. something

kehi kurako anurodh garnu

s]xL s'/fsf] cgÚ/f]w ugÚ{ comp. to ask for, to request

kehi kurako mato milnu

s]xL sÚ/fsf] dtf] ldNgÚ comp. to agree upon, to arrange

kehi kurama anurodh garnu

s]xL sÚ/fdf cgÚ/f]w ugÚ{ comp. to ask for, to request

kehi kurama mato milnu

s]xL sÚ/fdf dtf] ldNgÚ comp. to agree upon, to arrange

kelaunu s]nfpgÚ v.t. to sift, to remove impurities

kendrit s]lGb|t adj. centered

kera s]/f n. banana

kerau s]/fp n. pea

kesari s];/L adj. saffron-coloured

kesh s]z n. hair of the head

ketaketima s]^fs]^Ldf comp. in childhood

keti s]^L n. girl

keto s]^f] n. boy

keval s]jn adv. only, mere, all, whole

69

khabar va/ n. message

khabarkagat va/sfut n. newspaper

khacar vRr/ n. mule

khada v*f adj. erect, upright

khadkundo v*\sÚ*f] n. a very large cooking vessel with rings on two sides to hold

khadukunlo v*ÚsÚnf] n. a very large cooking vessel with rings on two sides to hold

khadyanna vfBfGg n. food grains

khagat vfut n. paper

khairo v}/f] adj. brown

khaja vfhf n. snack

khajasaja vfhf;fhf n. snack

khajur vhÚ/ n. date

khala vfnf n. the outer layer of skin

khaldo vfN*f] n. valley, ditch, trench, pit, hole

khali vfnL adj. only, mere, merely, alone

khamba vDaf n. pillar, pole, post

khanaunu vgfpgÚ v.t. to cause to be dug

khanci vfrL n. Khanchi [one of the former mini stets of western Nepal]

khanco vfrf] n. requirement, need, necessity

khand v)* n. part, section, chapter, division, piece, canto

khandan v)*g n. refutation, rebuttal, repudiation, denial

khandit vl)*t adj. broken into pieces, split

khanekura vfg] sÚ/f n. food

khani vflg n. mine

khanij vlgh n. minerals

khanij padartha vlgh kbfy{ n. mineral product

khaninu vlggÚ v.i. to be poured out

khannu vGgÚ v.t. to dig

khanu vfgÚ v.t. to eat

khanyaunu vGofpgÚ v.t. to pour out

70

khapat vkt n. consumption, sale, demand

khappar vKk/ n. skull

kharab v/fa adj. bad, wicked, spoiled, naughty

kharab v/a num. 100 billion, 1.00.00.00.00.000

kharani v/fgL ashes, ash-coloured

kharau v/fp n. wooden sandal, wooden slipper

kharaunu v/fpgÚ v.t. to fry hard, to overparch

kharayo v/fof] n. hare

kharca vr{ n. expense, expenditure, disbursement, oulay

kharidnu vl/*\gÚ v.t. to buy, to purchase

kharij vfl/h adj. dismissed, rejected, discharged

khas vf; adj. real, true, particular, proper

khasaunu v;fpgÚ v.t. to cause to fall

khasi v;L n. castrated he-goat

khasnu v:gÚ v.i. to fall, to die

khasro v;|f] adj. rough, coarse, frank

khat vf^ n. bed stead

khatam vtd n. end, finish, conclusion, death

khednu v]b\gÚ v.t. to chase

khel v]n n. play, game

kheladi v]nf*L n. player

khelaunu v]nfpgÚ v.t. to cause to play

khelnu v]NgÚ v.t. to play, to act

kher v]/ n. time, length of time, destruction, loss, waste

kheri v]l/ postp. during

kheti v]tL n. agriculture, cultivation

kheti garnu v]tL ugÚ{ v.t. to till the ground, to carry out agriculture

khetikamai v]tLsdfO n. agricultural income

kheti-pati v]tLkftL n. agriculture, cultivation

khicadi lvr*L n. a mixture of rice and lentils cooked together

71

khicalo lvrnf] n. interference, meddling; disturbance, quarrel, turmoil

khicolo lvrf]nf] n. meddling, quarrel, interference

khir vL/ n. rice pudding

khoi vf]O pron. where (is it) ?

khoj vf]h n. search, quest, pursuit

khoji vf]hL n. inquiry

khojkhabar vf]hva/ n. trace, quest, search, enquiry

khojnu vf]HgÚ v.t. to search

kholnu vf]NgÚ v.i./v.t. to open, to unfasten, to explain, to annotate

kholo vf]nf] n. small river

khopo vf]kf] n. a small hole in the wall for keeping things

khoriya vf]l/of n. uncultivated land, nature reserve

khorsani vf];f{gL n. chilli, hot pepper

khosuva vf];Újf n. thieve, one who snatches

khudkila vÚ*\lsnf n. steps

khukuri vÚsÚ/L n. a Nepalesed curved knife

khumcinu vÚlDrgÚ v.i. to shrink

khunda vÚ*f n. a kind of sword, a kind of scimitar

khushi vÚzL pleasure, delight, cheerfulness, glad, happy

khusi vÚ;L adj. happy

khutrukka vÚqÚSs n. the sound produced by little articles when dropped

khutto vÚ§f] n. leg

khuvaunu vÚjfpgÚ v.t. to feed

ki ls conj. or, either; word to denote interrogation or doubt

kilakile lsnlsn] n. uvula

kimbu lsDaÚ n. mulberry

kina lsg pron. why?

kinabhane lsgeg] conj. because

kinamel garnu lsgd]n ugÚ{ v.t. to go shopping, to buy

72

kinnu lsGgÚ v.t. to buy

kintu lsGtÚ conj. but, only, without

kinvadanti ls+jbGtL n. rumour, hearsay, false report, popular talk, vague talk, tradition

kira sL/f n. worm

kiraya ls/fof n. hire, rent

kiro sL/f] n. insect, worm

kirtiman sLlt{dfg adj. renowned, famous, celebrated

kisam ls;d n. kind, sort, class, species

kisan ls;fg n. farmer, peasant

kisim lsl;d n. kind, sort, class, species

kismis ls;ld; n. raisins

kisti ls:tL n. tray

kitli lsTnL n. kettle

kitnu ls^\gÚ v.t. to grind teeth, to gnash, to decide, to fix, to specify, to resolve

kodali sf]bfnL n. spade (with short handle)

kodalo sf]bfnf] n. spade (with long handle)

kodo sf]bf] n. a kind of millet

kohi sf]xL adj. anybody, anyone, someone

koila sf]Onf n. coal

koili sf]OnL n. cuckoo

kop sf]k n. anger, wrath

kop-bhajan sf]kefhg n. victim of anger

kopila sf]lknf n. bud

koriya sf]l/of n. Korea

kornu sf]gÚ{ v.t. to scratch

kos sf]; n. a measure of length (distance of about 2 miles)

koshish sf]lzz n. endeavour, attempt, exertion, effort

koshish garnu sf]lzz ugÚ{ v.t. to try

kot sf]^ n. coat

kotha sf]^f n. room

kotparva sf]tkj{ n. (a histsorical event: Jang

73

Bahadur's coup of 1846 that brought the Rana family into power)

kotparva pashcat sf]tkj{ kZrft after the coup of 1846

kotyaunu sf]^ØfpgÚ v.t. to prick, to scratch

kram qmd n. series, chain, order, method

kramashah qmdzM adj. step by step, by degree, serially, successively

krambodhak qmdaf]ws n. ordinal number

kramjor qmdhf]/ adj. weak, ineffective

kranti qmflGt n. revolution, pace, movement, declination, invading, surpassing

krishna paksha s[i)f kIf comp. dark fortnight, the phase of the waning moon

krisi s[lif n. agriculture

krisi utpadan s[lif pTkfbg n. agricultural production

kritagya s[t! adj. thankful, grateful

kriyakalap lqmofsnfk n. functions, rites, ceremonies

kriyapad lqmofkb n. verb

kriyayogi lqmofof]uL n. adverb

kshamata Ifdtf n. ability, capacity, might, power

kshetra If]q n. file, plot of land, area

kshetraphal If]qkmn n. products of the land, field crops, area

kucakra sÚrqm n. intrigue, a secret plot

kuco sÚrf] n. broom

kucyaunu sÚRofpgÚ v.t. to crush

kudnu sÚb\gÚ v.i. to run

kuhino s'Úlxgf] n. elbow

kuhuno sÚxÚgf] n. elbow

kuhunu sÚxÚgÚ v.i. to rot

kukhurako bhale sÚvÚ/fsf] efn] n. cock, rooster

kukhurako pothi sÚvÚ/fsf] kf]yL n. hen

kukhuri sÚvÚ/L n. hen

kukhuro sÚvÚ/f] n. chicken

kukur sÚsÚ/ n. dog

74

kul sÚn n. race, generation, family, clan, dynasty, parentage

kumari sÚdf/L n. princess, unmarried women

kun sÚg adj. which, what

kuncahin sÚgrflx+ adj. which one?

kund sÚ)* n. pond, tank

kundnu sÚb\gÚ v.t. to hew, to carve

kunni sÚlGg adv. I don't know, perhaps, maybe

kuposan sÚkf]if)f n. malnutrition

kura sÚ/f n. word, matter, affair, talk

kurakani sÚ/fsfgL n. conversation, talk, chat

kurauni sÚ/fpgL n. milk boiled down till nearly solid

kurnu sÚgÚ{ v.t. to wait,to attend

kursi sÚ;L{ n. chair

kushal sÚzn n./adj. happiness, wellbeing; skilful, proficient, expert

kushasan sÚzf;g n. bad government, maladministration

kusti sÚ:tL n. wrestling

kusti khelnu sÚ:tL v]NgÚ to wrestle

kutapita sÚ^lk^ n. beating, exchange of blows

kutnaitik kshetra sÚ^g}lts If]q n. strategical area

kutnu sÚ^\gÚ v.t. to beat, to hit

kuva sÚjf n. well

kvartj Sjf^\{h n. quartz

kyare Sof/] I suppose

labh nfe n. value, profit, gain, earning, advantage

lacar nfrf/ adj. unable, helpless, obliged

ladain n*fO{+ n. war, battle, fighting, strife

ladnu n*\gÚ v.i./v.t. to fight, to struggle, to fall down

lagabhaga nueu adv. about, nearly, approximately, almost

lagaeko nufPsf] adj. used

lagani nufgL n. investment

lagaunu nufpgÚ v.t. to use, to put on, to wear,

75

to set up, to cause to worklagayat nufot postp. including, together with

laghukatha n#Úsyf n. short story

laghu-katha n#Úsyf n. short story

lagnu nfUgÚ v.i. to appear, to begin, to start, to join

lagu nfuÚ adj. intoxicating, exciting

lahad nx* n. entertainment, diversion of mind, amusement, joke

lahad aunu nx* cfpgÚ to wish

lahar nx/ n. ripple, small wave, surge, undulation

lahari nx/fL n. ripple, small wave, surge, undulation

laihernu nfOx]gÚ{ v.t. to try on [clothes]

laijanu n}hfgÚ v.t. to carry, to take away

laj nfh n. shame, shyness, modesty

lajja nHhf n. shame, shyness, dishonour, ignominy, scandal, disgrace

lakh nfv num. one hundred thousand, 1.00.000

lakkhan nSvg adj. one hundred thousand, 1.00.000

laksha nIf adj. one hundred thousand, 1.00.000

lakshmiprasad devkota

nIdfLk|;fb b]jsf]^f n. Lakshmi Prasad Devkota [a famous Nepali poet]

lakshya nIo n. aim, target, goal

lalitpur nlntkÚ/ n. Lalitpur, Patan [a neighbouring town of Kathmandu]

lam nfd n. a long line, a queue

lamai ndfO n. length

lamba nDaf adj. long

lamkanu nDsgÚ v.i. to walk with long steps, to stride

lamkhutte nfDvÚ§] n. mosquito

lamo nfdf] adj. long

lampasar nDk;f/ adj. prostrate, stretched out

lamtann ndtGg adj. prostrate, stretched out

76

lanchana nfG%gf n. stigma, blame, slander

lanu nfgÚ v.t. to take away, to remove

lapakka nkSs adv. adhering, attaching, stricking

lapsi nK;L n. a kind of sour fruit

larbarinu na{l/gÚ v.i. to reel, to stagger, to sway

lash nfz n. carcass, dead body

lasun n;Úg n. garlic

latanpatan n^gk^g n. deceit, fraud

lataramma n^/Dd adj. in bunches, in clusters

lato nf^f] adj. dumb

latti nfQL n. kick

launu nfpgÚ v.t. to put on (clothes), to ware

lauro nf}/f] n. stick

lek n]s n. hilly region, the higher slope of a mountain

lekha n]v n. prose composition, writing, essay, article

lekhak n]vs n. author, writer

lekhinu n]lvgÚ v.i. to be written

lekhnath paudyal n]vgfy kf}*Øfn n. Lekh Nath Paudyal [a famous Nepali poet]

lekhpadh n]vk( n. reading and writing, study

leninvad n]lggjfb n. Leninism

licchavi lnR%lj n. Licchavi [an early ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu valley]

licchavikal lnR%ljsfn n. Licchavi era

ligalige lnulnu] n. uvula

likhat lnvt adj. written

likhit lnlvt adj. written

lila nLnf n. a play, amusement, diversion

lilam lnnd n. auction

limbu lnDa' n. Limbu [a Nepali nationality]

ling lné n. gender [gram.]

linu lngÚ v.t. to take, to acquire, to accept

lipi lnlk n. script, writing, handwriting

77

lobh nf]e n. greed, covetousness, temptation

lobhi nf]eL adj. greedy, stingy, covetous

logne nf]Ug] n. husband [common]

lognemanche nf]Ug]dfG%] n. man, male person

lognemanis nf]Ug]dflg; n. man, male person

lohota nf]xf]&f n. a small metal water-pot

lok nf]s n. world, the three worlds [heaven, earth, hell], people

loktantra nf]stGq n. democracy

luga nÚuf n. clothes, clothing

luga dhunu nÚuf w'gÚ v.t. wash clothes

luga lagaunu nÚuf nufpgÚ v.t. put on clothes

luga launu nÚuf nfpgÚ v.t. put on clothes

luga phernu nÚuf km]gÚ{ v.t. change clothes

luga phukalnu nÚuf kmÚsfNgÚ v.t. take off clothes

luga phukaunu nÚuf kmÚsfpgÚ v.t. take off clothes

luknu nÚSgÚ v.i. to hide

lvang Njfª n. clove

lyaunu NofpgÚ v.t. to bring, to fetch

ma df postp. in, at, on, among

macan drfg n. stage

maccinu dlRrgÚ v.i. to swing

macha df%f n. fish

macha marnu df%f dfgÚ{ v.t. to fish

madat dinu dbt lbgÚ v.t. to help, to assist

madhes dw]; n. the Tarai (the southern flat land along the Indian border)

madhya-din dWo lbg– n. noon

madhyakalin dWosfnLg adj. mediaeval

madhyam dfWod n. medium

madhyamik yug dfWolds oÚu n. middle ages

madhyanha dWofGx n. noon

madhyarat dWo/ft n. midnight

78

madhyavadhi nirvacan dWofjlw lgjf{rg n. mid-term elections

madhye dWo] postp. amongin the middle, at the centre, in between, within, inside

mag dfu n. demand, claim

magaj duh n. brain

magar du/ n. Magar [a Nepali nationality]

magh df# n. tenth month of the Nepali year [January/February]

magne dfUg] n. beggar

magnu dfUgÚ v.t. to ask for

maha dx n. honey

mahadhiveshan dxflwj]zg n. general assembly, general meeting

mahajan dxfhg n. moneylender, rich man, virtuous man

mahakavi dxfslj n. great poet [a title for Bhanubhakta Acharya]

mahal dxn n. palace

mahango dxuf] adj. expensive

mahasul dx;'n n. cess, tax, rate, custom, octroi

mahasus dx;'; n./adj. feeling, experience, understanding

mahatta dxQf n. greatness, magnitude, gravity, glory, importance

mahattva dxj n. greatness, magnitude, gravity, glory, importance

mahattvakanksha dxjsf+Iff n. high ambition, great desire

mahattvakankshi dxjsf+IfL adj. ambitious

mahattvapurna dxjk')f{ adj. superb, royal, regal, palmy, magnanimous, generous

mahila dlxnf n. woman

mahilo dflxnf] n. second eldest [of brothers]

mahima dlxdf n. exaltation

mahina dxLgf n. month

mahina dlxgf n. month

maida d}bf n. fine flour

maidan d}bfg n. an open field

maiju dfOh' n. mother's brother's wife

79

mailo d}nf] adj. dirty

mailo dfOnf] n. second eldest [of brothers]

main batti d}g aQL n. candle

maina d}gf n. a name applied to several different sturnoid passerine birds of India and countries further east, belonging to the genera Acridotheres and Eulabes

maiyan d}of n. princess; a word used affectionately for addressing a daughter

maja dhf n. happiness, enjoyment, rejoicing

majako dhfsf] adj. pleased, funny

majha df´ n. middle, centre

majhi df´L n. Majhi [a Nepali nationality]

majhnu df´\gÚ v.t. to clean

makai ds} n. corn, maize

makal dsn n. a small moveable earthenware stove used for heating

malai man parcha dnfO{ dg k%{ comp. I like

malai man pardaina dnfO{ dg kb{}g comp. I don't like

malai thah chaina dnfO{ yfxf %}g comp. I don't know

malesiya dn]l;of n. Malaysia

malilo dlnnf] adj. fertile, manured

maltal dfntfn n. article, goods

mama dfdf n. mother's brother

man dg n. mind, thought, mental state, heart, feeling

man aunu dg cfpgÚ to long, to wish

manadeva dfgb]j n. Manadeva [name of several kings of the Licchavi era]

manahi dgfxL n. prohibition, control

manai dgfO{ n. prohibition, control

mananiya dfggLo adj. honorable, respectable, venerable

manasib dgfl;a adj. right, just, proper, reasonable, fit

80

manaunu dgfpgÚ v.t. to celebrate

manav dfgj n. mankind, man, human being

manavshastra dfgjzf:q n. anthropology

manbodhak dfgaf]ws adj. honorific [grammar]

manc d~r n. dais, raised platform, stage

mancari d~r/L n. cluster of buds and flowers, flower bud

manche dfG%] n. man, person

mandro dfGb|f] n. large bamboo or cane mat

mangal d+un n. the planet Mars

mangalvar d+unjf/ n. Tuesday

mangga dfu n. demand, requirement, requisition

manglavar d+Unjf/ n. Tuesday

mangoliya d+uf]lnof Mongolei

mangsir d+u;L/ n. eighth month of the Nepali year [November/December]

mani dfgL adj. respectable, respectful

manis dflg; n. man, person

mannu dfGgÚ v.t. to respect, to worship, to accept, to observe

manoranjan dgf]/~hg n. amusement, entertainment, recreation

manovigyan dgf]lj!fg n. psychology

manovigyanik dgf]lj!flgs adj. psychological

manparaunu dgk/fpgÚ v.t. to like, to approve, to prefer

mansthiti dgl:ylt n. mental state

mantavya dGtJo n. view, opinion, remark, note, comment

mantralaya dGqfno n. ministery

mantri dGqL n. minister

manyata dfGotf n. recognition, validity, accredition

mapdanda dfkb)* n. touchstone, standard

maramar df/fdf/ n. fight

marathi d/f&L n. Marathi

marg dfu{ n. eighth month of the Nepali year [November/December]

81

maric dl/r n. black pepper

marka dsf{ n. loss, harm, damage

marnu dfgÚ{ v.t. to kill, to slaughter

masala d;nf n. spices

masauda d;f}bf n. draft, rough copy

masi d;L n. ink

masino dl;gf] adj. fine, thin, mild, gentle, delicate

mast d:t adj. drunk, intoxicated

mastira dfl:t/ n./adv. above, up

masu df;Ú n. meat

mat dt n. vote, opinion, voice, dogma, belief

matabhed dte]b n. difference of opinion

matako df^fsf] adj. earthen

matganana dtu)fgf n. counting of votes

mathi dfly postp. above

mathlo tala dfYnf] tnf n. upper floor

matnu dfTgÚ v.i. to get drunk

mato dtf] n. consultation, counsel, opinion

mato df^f] n. earth, clay, soil

matoko sarvekshan df^f]sf] ;j]{If)f n. soil survey

matribhakta dfq[eQm n. a devotee of one's mother

matribhasa dfq[efiff n. mother tongue

matriprem dfq[k|]d n. mother love

maulik df}lns adj. original

mauna df}g n. silence, taciturnity, mum

mauri df}/L n. bee, honeybee

mausam df};d n. weather, season, monsoon

mausimi df}l;dL adj. seasonal

mausuph df};'km pron. personal address towards the king [royal honorific pronoun]

maya dfof n. love

maya garnu dfof ugÚ{ v.t. to love

mece d]r] n. Meche [a Nepali nationality]

82

meghalaya d]#fno n. Meghalaya [a Northeast Indian state]

mehanat d]xgt n. industry, labour, hard work

mehel d]x]n n. a fruit

mel d]n n. meeting, unity, concord, harmony, intimacy, friendship, union, alliance

meva d]jf n. melon

midiya ldl*of n. media

mihi ldxL adj. fine, fine spun, finely pulverized; soft, tender, smooth

mihinet ldlxg]t n. labour, industry, work, toil

mihineti ldlxg]tL adj. industrious, hardworking, busy, active

milaunu ldnfpgÚ v.t. to reconcile, to resolve, to arbitrate, to bring about an agreement, to cause to join, to mix, to adjust, to solve, to balance

milnu ldNgÚ v.i. to agree, to fit in, to mingle to mix up, to befit

mirg ldu{ n. deer

misaunu ld;fpgÚ v.t. to mingle, to mix up together

misri ld;|L n. sugar candy, rockcandy

mit dLt n. friend (ritually concluded)

mit lagaunu dLt nufpgÚ v.t. to make friends (ritually)

mithai ld&fO{ n. sweets

mitho dL&f] adj. delicious, tasteful, tasty

miti ldlt n. date, day, limit, time

mohani df]xgL n. charm, enchantment

mohi df]xL n. buttermilk

mohi parnu df]xL kfgÚ{ v.t. to make buttermilk

moja df]hf n. socks, stocking, hose

moren df]/]g n. moraine

mosam df];d n. orange

motamoti df]^fdf]&L adj. near about, approximately

motar df]^/ n. car

motar haknu df]t/ xfSgÚ v.t. to drive a car

83

motaunu df]^fpgÚ v.i. to get fat

moto df]^f] adj. fat

mrig d[u n. deer

mrityu d[ToÚ n. death

mrityuko danda d[ToÚsf] b)* n. death penalty

mudda dÚ@f n. law-suite, case

mudki dÚ*\sL n. blow of a fist

mudra dÚb|f n. seal, coin, gesture

mudrak dÚb|s n. printer

mudrakshar dÚb|fIf/ n. printing type

mudralaya dÚb|fno n. press, printing place

mudran dÚb||)f n. act of printing

muhan dÚxfg n. source of a river or an irrigation canal

muhar dÚxf/ n. facade

muhurta dÚx't{ n. a division of time (48 minutes), auspicious moment, a moment, a while, a very short time

mukam dÚsfd n. halting place, halt, dwelling, place of residence, camping place

mukh dÚv n. mouth, face

mukh dhunu dÚv wÚgÚ v.t. wash and clean the face

mukhyat dÚVot adv. chiefly, mainly, principally, primarily

mukta dÚQm adj. liberated, released

mukta garnu dÚQm ugÚ{ v.t. to free

mul d'n n. root, source, origin

mula d'nf n. radish

mulak d'ns postp. based on, depending on, growing from, emanating from, originating from

mulatah d'ntM adv. basically, fundamentally, primarily, essentially

mulayat dÚnfot adj. soft

mulsadak d'n;*s n. main road

muluk dÚnÚs n. country, realm, kingdom

mulvasi d'njf;L n. native, original inhabitant

84

mulya d'No n. cost, price, worth, value

mulyangkan d'Nofég n. valuation, estimation

muma dÚdf n. mother [used by upper class only]

munal dÚgfn n. a kind of bird from the mountains

mung dÚª n. a kind of Lentils, mung bean

muni dÚlg postp. below, under

muntira dÚlGt/ postp. downwards, below, under

musaldhare sÚ;nwf/] adj. torrential, heavy

muskaunu dÚ:sfpgÚ v.i. to smile

muskuraunu dÚ:sÚ/fpgÚ v.t. to smile

muso d';f] n. mouse, rat

musoko dulo d';f]sf] bÚnf] n. mousehole

musuro dÚ;Ú/f] n. a kind of lentils

muthi dÚ&L n. fist

mutu dÚ^Ú n. heart

mvain DjfO n. kiss

mvain khanu DjfO vfgÚ to kiss

myaun garnu dofp ugÚ{ v.t. to mew

na g conj. neither, nor

nabbe gAa] num. ninety, 90

nac gfr n. dance

nacnu gfRgÚ v.i. to dance

nadi gbL n. river

nagar gu/ n. town, city

nagarik gful/s adj. civil, urban, metropolitan

nagarik shastra gful/s zf:q n. civics, civic studies

nagarpalika gu/kflnsf n. municipality, municipal committee

nai g} part. a particle used after the word to give emphasis

nain gfO{+ interj. no, negation

naitikta g}ltstf n. morals, morality, ethics

naito gfO^f] n. navel

najar gh/ n. eye, vision, sight, look, glance

85

najarana gh/fgf n. gift, present

najarana gh/fgf n. gift, present, presentation

najayaj gfhfoh adj. improper

najik ghLs adj. near, close to, next to

najitnu glhTgÚ v.t. not to win

nak gfs n. nose

nakka pora gfs\sf kf]/f n. nostrils

nakkal gSsn n. copy, fashion

naksha gSzf n. pattern, map, plan, chart

nalikhutto glnvÚ§f] n. shin-bone

nam gfd n. name, noun

namak gfds adj. named, bearing the name of

namasthanik gfd:yflgs adj. independent from a noun

namdar gfdbf/ adj. famous well known

namkaran gfds/)f n. naming ceremony, baptism

namkarma gfdsd{ n. naming ceremony, baptism

nam-namasi gfdgfdf;L n. name and address

namnishan gfdlgzfg adj. name, trace, mark; name and address

namyogi gfdof]uL n. postposition

nanda gGb n. husband's younger sister

nandebhai gGb]efO n. husband's younger sister's husband

nang gª n. nail

nangge gfé] adj. naked, uncovered

nanggo gféf] adj. naked, uncovered

nani gfgL n. baby

napunsakling gkÚ+;slnª n. neuter [grammar]

nara gf/f n. slogan, striking word, phrase

naram g/d adj. soft, delicate, kind, gentle

naramro g/fd|f] adj. bad, not good

nardan gb{g n. neck

narendra g/]Gb| n. king

naresh g/]z n. king

nari gf/L n. wrist, pulse

86

narival gl/jn n. coconut

naso g;f] n. vein

naspati g:kftL n. pear

nata gftf n. relationship, alliance

natadar gftfbf/ n. relative

nati gflt n. grandson

natija glthf n. result, consequence

natini gfltgL n. granddaughter

natishitosna gfltzLtf]i)f adj. temperate, moderate

nau g} num. nine, 9

naun gfp n. name

naun caleka gfp rn]sf adj. well known, famous

nauni gf}gL n. butter

navaun gjf}+ adj. ninth

nayakatva gfosTj n. leadership, hegemony

nayan gof adj. new

nebharo g]ef/f] n. fig

nepalganj g]kfnuGh n. Nepalganj [a town in the western Tarai]

nera g]/ adj. near, near by, close by, not far

neri g]l/ adj. near, near by, close by, not far

neta g]tf n. leader, guide, chief

netritva g]t[Tj n. leadership, guidance, lead

nevar g]jf/ n. Newar [a Nepali nationality]

nibandha lgaGw n. article, essay, dissertation, thesis, bond, fixation

nibhnu lgEgÚ v.i. to go out, to be extinguished

nibuva lgaÚjf n. lemon

nico gLrf] adj. low, inferior, mean, worthless

nidaunu lgbfpgÚ v.i. to go to sleep, to become numb

nidhan lgwfg n./adj. destruction, death, poor

nidhar lgwf/ n. forehead

nidho lgwf] n. confirmation, settlement, decision, final word,

87

resolutionnihsantan lgM;Gtfg adj. childless, without offspring

nihun lgxÚ n. excuse, pretence, pretext

niji kshetra lghL If]q n. private sector

nikai lgs} adj. much

nikat lgs^ adj. near, near by, close by, not far

nikaya lgsfo n. body, system

niko lgsf] adj. cured, well

nilo gLnf] adj. blue

nimitta lgldQ n./postp. for, for the sake of, for the cause of, cause, motive, account, reason

nimnalikhit lgDglnlvt adj. undermentioned, following, mentioned below

nimti lglDt postp. for, for the sake of

ninda lgGbf n. reflection, condemnation, slander, calumny, vilification, censure, blame

nindan lgGbg n. vilification

niptara lgk^f/f n. disposal, settlement, reconciliation, conclusion

nipun lgkÚ)f adj. dexterous, skilful, clever

nir gL/ adj. indigo

nira lg/ adj. near, near by, close by, not far

nirakaran lg/fs/)f n. abrogation, annulment, removal

nirakshar lg/If/ adj. illiterate

nirantar lg/Gt/ adj. continuous, constant, incessant, ceaseless

nirantarta lg/Gt/tf n. continuity, continuation

niraparadh lg/k/fw adj. innocent, faultless, guiltless

nirarthak lg/y{s n. meaningless, vain, useless, fruitless, insignificant, worthless, futile

nirdaya lgb{o adj. cruel, brutal, merciless, unkind

nirdayata lgb{otf n. cruelty, unkindness, severity, brutality

nirdesh lgb]{z n. instruction, order, indication

88

nirdeshak lgb]{zs n. director (of an institute or center)

nirdeshan lgb]{zg n. instruction, order, indication

nirman lgdf{)f n. construction, creation, manufacture, formation, framing, act of building or making

nirmata lgdf{tf n. maker, producer, manufacturer, builder, creator

nirmit lgld{t adj. made, formed, built, created

nirnaya lg)f{o n. decision, resolution, discernment, ascertainment, determination

nirogi lg/f]uL adj. healthy, in good health, not ill

nirvacan lgjf{rg n. election

nis lg; n. gneiss

nisedh bhumi lgif]w e'ld n. forbidden land

nishcal lgZrn adj. fixed, still, firm, motionless, immovable

nishcaya lgZro n. sure knowledge, resolution, determination, confidence

nishcit lglZrt adj. sure, unfailing, without doubt

nishcit sankhyabodhak

lglZrt ;+Vofaf]ws n. definitive numeral

niskantak lgis)^s adj. thornless, free from troubles

niskanu lg:sgÚ v.i. to come out, to appear

nisto lg:tf] adj. plain, bland

nitamba lgtDa n. hip

niti gLlt n. policy, morality, manners

niun lgp n. pretext, excuse

nivaran lgjf/)f n. prevention, preclusion, redress, deterrence, determent

nivas lgjf; n. home, residence, abode, dwelling

nivasi lgjf;L n. inhabitant, resident, inmate, native

niyam lgod n. rule, usage, regulation,

89

practiceniyantran lgoGq)f n. control, restraint

niyati lgolt n. fate, luck, fortune, destiny, predestination

niyukta lgoÚQm adj. appointed, wmployed, posted

niyukti lgoÚlQm n. appointment, employment

niyutta lgoÚQ adj. appointed, engaged, employed, devoted, nominated, assigned

nokar gf]s/ n. servant

nuhaune kotha gÚxfpg] sf]&f n. bathroom

nuhaunu gÚxfpgÚ v.t. take a bath

nun g'g n. salt

nunilo gÚlgnf] adj. salty

nyauri Gofp/L n. mongoose

nyaya Gofo n. justice, equity, logic, reason

nyayadhish GofofwLz n. judge, justice

nyayadhish GofofwLz n. judge, justice

nyayalaya Gofofno n. court of justice

nyayapalika Gofokflnsf n. judiciary

nyuntam Go'gtd adj. minimum, minimal

ochyan cf]%Øfg n. bed, bedding,sleeping-mat, quilt

ochyaunu cf]%\ØfpgÚ v.t. to spread bedding, to spread a rug,to spread a mat

odhan cf]wfg n. three-legged iron stand for putting a cooking vessel over a fire

odhaunu cf](fpgÚ v.t. to cover up sombody else

odhne cf](\g] n. blanket, bedcover, bedroll

odhnu cf](\gÚ v.i./v.t. to cover oneself up; to wrap, to cover

ogatnu cf]u^\gÚ v.t. to occupy, to reserve, to hinder

ohar dohar cf]x/ bf]x/ n. the act of coming and going

ohor dohor cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ n. the act of coming and going

ohralnu cf]x|fNgÚ v.t. to cause to descend

oilaunu cf]OnfpgÚ v.i. to wither, to fade

90

oilinu cf]OlngÚ v.t. to be withered

oiranu cf]O/gÚ v.i. to drop, to fall headlong

oiraunu cf]O/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to drop, to cause to fall [in large quantity]

oirini cf]Ol/gÚ v.i. to drop, to fall [in large quantity]

oirinu cf]Ol/gÚ v.i. to flow continually

ojhel cf]´]n adj. hidden, screened off

okatnu cf]s^\gÚ v.t. to occupy, to reserve, to hinder

okhar cf]v/ n. walnut

okhati cf]vtL n. medicine

orlanu cf]n{gÚ v.i. to comedown, to descend

orlinu cf]ln{gÚ v.i. to comedown, to descend

osarinu cf];fl/gÚ v.i. to be moved from one place to another

osarnu cf];fgÚ{ v.t. to move something from one place to another

oth cf]& n. lip, lips

pacadi krfl* postp. behind

pacas krf; num. fifty, 50

pacasi krf;L num. eighty-five, 85

pacchim klR%d n. west

paccis kRrL; num. twenty-five, 25

pachadi k%fl* postp. behind, later, in the back

pachattar krxQ/ num. seventy-five, 75

pachaute k%f}^] adj. late, hinder, backward

pachi kl% postp. behind, later, in the back

pachi hatnu kl% x^\gÚ v.i. to move back

pachi janu kl% hfgÚ v.i. to follow

pachi sarnu kl% ;gÚ{ v.i. to step back, to step down

pachillo kl%Nnf] adj. last, hindermost, back, rear

pachipachi kl%kl% adv. immediately after, next

pacpanna kRkGg num. fifty-five, 55

pad kb n. foot, step, foot-step, word

padadhikari kbflwsf/L n. official, officer, authority

padartha kbfy{ n. meaning of a word, matter

91

padarthavacak nam kbfy{jfrs gfd n. objective term

padavi kbjL n. title, designation; post, rank

padhai k(fO n. study, method of reading or teaching

padhaunu k(fpgÚ v.t. to teach

padhelekheka k(]n]v]sf adj. educated, able to read and write

padhnu k(\gÚ v.t. to lear, to read, to study

padina klbgf n. mint

pagal kfun n. a mad man

pagalkhana kfunvfgf n. mad-house

pagalnu kufNgÚ v.t. to melt

paglanu kUngÚ v.i. to melt

pahad kxf* n. mountain, hill

pahadi pradesh kxf*L k|b]z n. hilly region

pahenlo kx]+nf] adj. yellow

pahican klxrfg n. recognition, acquaintance, identity

pahilo klxnf] adj. first

pahiran klx/g n. costume, suit, dress, clothes, garments

pahuna kfxÚgf n. visitor, guest

painsatthi k}+;^\&L num. sixty-five, 65

paintalis k}+tfnL; num. forty-five, 45

paintis k}+tL; num. thirty-five, 35

paitalo k}tfnf] n. sole

pajani khgL n. arrangement, setting in order, overhauling [the annual festival during which appointments of government officials were renewed for the ensuing year]

pakaunu ksfpgÚ v.t. to cook

pakeko kfs]sf] adj. ripe, cooked, mature

paket ks]^ n. pocket

pakhala kvfnf n. diarrhoea

pakhalnu kvfNgÚ v.t. to rinse

pakheta kv]^f n. wing

92

pakhura kfvÚ/f n. arm

pakka kSsf adj. 1. certain, sure, true; durable, strong; careful

pakka garnu kSsf ugÚ{ v.t. to confirm to make sure

pakku kSsÚ n. meat fried in butter

paknu kfSgÚ v.i. to be ripe, to ripen, to be cooked

pako kfsf] adj. aged, experienced

pakranu kqmgÚ v.t. to catch, to hold, to arrest, to capture, to seize, to catch on, to understand

pakrau kqmfp n. capture, arrest, seizure

paksha kIf n. wing, part, party

palnu kfNgÚ v.t. to take care of, to raise, to bring up, to nourish, to keep, to tame

palpa kfNkf n. Palpa [former mini-state, currently a district of Nepal]

paltan kN^g n. regiment, batallion

palunggo kfn'¨f] n. spinach

pan kfg n. the leaf of the betal nut eaten with areca nut and lime

pana kfgf n. leaf (of a book)

panati kgftL n. great-grandson

panc kfr num. five, 5

panc patra kfr kq adj. fivefold

pancanabbe kGrfgAa] num. ninety-five, 95

pancangga k~rfé n. almanac (of Hindu astrology)

pancaun kfrf}+ adj. fifth

pancayat kGrfot n. village assembly to decide disputes, an assembly of elected representatives

panchaunu kG%fpgÚ v.t. to evade, to push aside

pandhra kGw| num. fifteen, 15

pani klg adv. also, too, even

pani kfgL n. water, rain

pani ... pani klg » klg adv. as well as

pani pareka vela kfgL k/]sf] j]nf comp. when it rains

93

pani parnu kfgL kgÚ{ v.t. to rain

paniun klgp n. a flat spoon used for ladling out rice

panjaa kGhf n. a combination of five fingers, gloves, covering of the hands

panjika kl~hsf n. register, list, calender

pankha k+vf n. wing, feather; fan

pantha kGy n. path, sect, religious order

panthi kGyL n. traveller, sectarian

pap kfk n. sin

papi kfkL adj. sinful, profligate, criminal

par kf/ n. end, other side, limit, accomplishment, renunciation, release, relief, deliverance, liberation

para k/ adv. aside, separate, beyond, further

paraghaun k/f#f}+ adv. after two years

parajaya k/fho n. defeat

parajit k/flht adj. defeated, vanquished, overthrown

parajit k/flht adj. defeated, overthrown

parakram k/fqmd n. power, strength, valour, prowess

parakrami k/fqmdL adj. heroic, gallant, valiant, brave

param k/d adj. best, supreme, uttermost, extreme

paramdham k/dwfd n. heaven, paradise, the next world; death, demise

paramgati k/dult n. liberation, salvation

parampad k/dkb n. liberation, salvation

parampara k/Dk/f n. sequence, succession, order

paramparagat k/Dk/fut adj. tradional

paramparik kf/Dkfl/s adj. traditional, hereditary

parampita k/dlktf n. the creator of all, God

parantu k/GtÚ n./adv. but, inspite, however, still, the remaining life, end

parapacuke kf/kfrÚs] n. divorce, dissolution of marriage

94

parar k/f/ adv. two years ago

pararastra k//fi^« n. foreign county, another country

pararastra mantralaya k//fi^« dGqfno n. foreign ministry

pararastra mantri k//fi^« dGqL n. foreign minister

pararastriya k//fi^«Lo adj. foreign, alien, related to another nation

paraspar k/:k/ adj. mutually, reciprocal, one another

parca krf{ n. leaflet, settlement record

parda kbf{ n. curtain, screen, veil, partition

pardabhitrai kbf{leq} comp. secretly

pardesh k/b]z adv. abroad

pardesh lagnu k/b]z nfUgÚ to go abroad

parela k/]nf n. eyelash

pareva k/]jf n. pigeon, young dove

pari kfl/ n. the other side [of the shore or boundary]

pari kf/L n. the other side [of the shore or boundary]

paribhasa kl/efiff n. definition, terminology

paricalan kl/rfng n. mobilization

paricaya kl/ro n. acquaintance, intimacy, familiarity

paricched kl/R%]b n. part, division, section of a book, chapter, paragraph

pariksha k/LIff n. examination, investigation

parikshan k/LIf)f n. examination, investigation

parimanbodhak kl/df)faf]ws adj. quantitative [grammar]

parinam kl/)ffd n. result, consequence

parinamsvarup kl/)ffd:j¿k conj. as a result of, with the result of, consequently

parinati kl/)flt n. transformation, culmination, form

paripati kl/kf^L n. tradition, method, mode, arrangement, order

paripurti kl/kÚlt{ n. perfection, completion

parisad kl/ifb n. assembly, council, senate, committee

parishist kl/lzi^ n. appendix, supplement

95

parishrami kl/>dL adj. laborious, industrious, painstaking, hardworking, diligent

paristhiti kl/l:ylt n. circumstances, situation, condition, surrounding, environment

parit kfl/t adj. resolved, decided, concluded, passed (of a motion, bill, etc.)

parityag kl/Tofu n. abandonment, abdication

parivar kl/jf/ n. family

parivartan kl/jt{g n. change, exchange

pariyojana kl/of]hgf n. project

parkhal kvf{n n. wall

parkhanu kv{gÚ v.t. to wait, to have patience

parkhinu klv{gÚ v.t. to wait, to have patience

parnu kgÚ{ v.i. to happen, to occur, to fall, to ignite

parnu kfgÚ{ v.t. to put in, to lay, to ignite, to cause, to make

paro kf/f] n. mercury

parsi kl;{ adv. the day after tomorrow

parti kf^L{ n. party

parti kendriya kamiti kf^L{ s]Gb|Lo sldlt n. central committee of a party

parva kj{ n. festival, holiday, fête, chapter, section, portion, canto

parvat kj{t n. hill, mountain, rock

paryanta ko{Gt postp. till, until, unto, up to

paryatak ko{^s n. traveller, wanderer, tourist

paryatakharuko svarg ko{^s¿sf] :ju{ n. tourist paradise

paryatan ko{^g n. touring, tourism

pasal k;n n. shop, warehouse, booth

pasale k;n] n. shopkeeper, merchant, vendor

pashcim klZrd n. west

pashupalan kzÚkfng n. animal husbandry

pashupati kzÚklt n. Pashupati

pasina k;Lgf n. sweat

96

paskanu k:sgÚ v.t. to serve [food]

pasnu k:gÚ v.t. to enter, to go in, to come in

pata kf^ n. jute, hessian, silk, silk threat

patak k^s n. times, occasion

patalo kf^nf] adj. thin

patan k^g n. packing, package

patan ktg n. fall, downfall, degradation

patan kf^g n. Lalitpur, Patan [a neighbouring town of Kathmandu]

patani k^gL n. irrigation

path kf^ n. lesson, reading, recital

path ky n. path, course

pathaunu k&fpgÚ v.t. to send, to despatch

pathi kf&L n. lamb [female]

patho kf&f] n. lamb [male]

pathshala kf&zfnf n. school, seminary

pathshalaya kf&zfnfof n. school, college, academy, seminary

pati klt n. husband

patit kltt adj. fallen, degraded, outcaste

patni kTgL n. wife, better half, married woman

patra kq n. page

patrakar kqsf/ n. journalist

patre cattan kq] r§fg n. sedimentary rock

patrika klqsf n. magazine, journal

patta kQf n. leaf, foliage, address

patthar kTy/ n. stone

patti k§L n. bandage

patti kl§ n. side

pattyaunu k§\ofpgÚ v.t. to plait, to fold

pau kfp n. a quarter

paune kf}g] adj. a quarter to

paunu kfpgÚ v.t. to get, to obtain, to receive, to bear, to beget, to

97

producepauranik kf}/flgs adj. legendary

pauranu kf}/gÚ v.i. swim

pauri kf}/L n. swimming

pauri khelnu kf}/L v]NgÚ v.t. swim

pauroti kfp/f]^L n. bread

paus kf}if n. ninth month of the Nepali year (December/January)

paustik kf}li^s n. nutrition

pesh k]z postp. in front of, before

pesha k]zf n. occupation

pesta k]:tf n. pestachio nut

pet k]^ n. stomach

peti k]^L n. belt, casket, small box, small chest, girdle

phagun kmfuÚg n. eleventh month of the Nepali year (February/March)

phaida kmfO{bf n. advantage

phailanu km}ngÚ v.i. to spread, to be scattered

phailanu km}ngÚ v.i. to spread, to be scattered

phailinu km}lngÚ v.i. to spread, to be scattered

phaisala km};nf n. decision, judgement, settlement, adjudication

phalam kmnfd n. iron

phalgun kmNuÚ)f n. eleventh month of the Nepali year (February/March)

phalnu kmfNgÚ v.t. to throw away

phalnu kmNgÚ v.i. to bear fruits; to cleanse, to husk

phalphul kmnkm'n n. fruits and flowers

phalphul kheti kmnkm'n v]tL n. horticulture

phalsvarup kmn:j¿k postp. as a result of

phansi kmf;L n. execution by hanging, noose

phapar kmfk/ n. buckwheat

pharak km/s n. difference, separation, being apart

pharakilo km/flsnf] adj. spacious, roomy, extensive

98

pharar km/f/ n. absconding, fled

pharkanu kms{gÚ v.i. to return, to come back

pharsi km;L{ n. large yellow pumpkin

phastaunu km:^fpgÚ v.t. to develop, to become fat

phatyangro km^Øféf] n. cricket, grasshopper

pherabadal km]/abn n. change, modification

pheri km]l/ adv. again, once more, once again

phesan km];g n. facion

phijinu lkmlhgÚ v.i. to spread

phikri garnu lkmqmL ugÚ{ v.t. to be worried

phila lkmnf n. thigh

philipins lkmlnlkG; n. Philippinen

phohor kmf]xf]/ adj. dirty, foul, filthy, obscene

phokso kmf]S;f] n. lungs

phranseli k|mfG;]nL adj. French

phul km'n n. flower

phul kmÚn n. egg

phulbari km'naf/L n. flower garden

phuleko kesh kmÚn]sf] s]z grey hair

phulkopi km'nsf]kL n. cauliflower

phupaju kmÚkfhÚ n. father's sister's husband

phupu kmÚk' n. father's sister

phurtilo kmÚlt{nf] adj. smart

phusro kmÚ;|f] adj. grey, grizzled

phutbal khelnu kmÚ^an v]NgÚ v.t. to play football

phyanknu km\ofSgÚ v.t. to throw away

phyauro km\ofp/f] n. fox

pidit kLl*t adj. afflicted, tortured, distressed, oppressed

pindalu lk+*fnÚ n. a kind of root

pindulo lk+*Únf] n. calf of the leg

ping kLª n. swing

pir kL/ n. worry, anxiety, distress, mental trouble, punishment

99

pira lk/f n. floor seat [of straw or wood]

piralnu lk/NgÚ v.i./v.t. to torment, to afflict, to distress, to tease

piro lk/f] adj. hot [in taste]

pirolnu lk/f]NgÚ v.t. to torment, to afflict, to distress, to tease

pita lktf n. father [Sanskritized]

pithiun lkl&p n. back

pitho kL&f] n. flour, powder

pitho kL&f] n. flour

pittal lkQn n. brass

pohor kf]xf]/ adv. last year

poi kf]O n. husband [rural]

poila kf]On n. running away with a man without formal marriage

poila janu kf]On hfgÚ comp. run away with a man

pokhari kf]v/L n. pond, lake, reservoir

poleko masu kf]n]sf] df;Ú n. barbecued meat

pothi mujur kf]yL dÚhÚ/ n. peahen

potnu kf]TgÚ v.t. smear with red clay, paint the floor wall, whitewash

poto kf]tf] n. a smearing rag

prabandhak k|aGws n. manager, writer of an essay

prabhat k|eft n. daybreak, dawn

prabhav k|efj n. influence, effect, power, strength, authority, dominance

prabhavashali k|efjzfnL adj. powerful, strong, radiant

pracalan k|rng n. prevalence, custom, usage, currency, movement

pracalit k|rlnt adj. prevalent, current, customary, in practice, , in vogue, recognised

pracar k|rf/ n. publicity, publication, usage, advertisement, announcement

pracarit k|rfl/t adj. propagated, publicised, circulated, made current, made prevalent, given currency

100

pracin k|frLg adj. ancient, old, antique, aged

pracinta k|frLgtf n. antiquity, ancientness

pradesh k|b]z n. province, region, realm, country, territory, state

pradeshik kf|b]lzs adj. regional

pradhanmantri k|wfgdGqL n. Prime Minister

pradhannyayadhish k|wfgGofofwLz n. Chief Justice

pradhyapak k|fWofks n. college teacher, lecturer, professor

pradurbhav k|fb"ef{j n. appearance, manifestation; serious or terrible outbreak; birth, prevalence

pradusan kb"if)f n. pollution

pragati k|ult n. progress, advancement

pragatishil k|ultzLn adj. progressive, modern

prahari k|x/L n. police

praja k|hf n. subject, tenant, people, progeny

prajatantra k|hftGq n. democracy

prajatantrik k|hftflGqs adj. democratic

prakar k|sf/ n. kind, way, sort

prakash k|sfz n. light, manifestation, publication

prakashak k|sfzs n. publisher

prakashan k|sfzg n. publication, publishing

prakashit k|sflzt adj. published

prakashkiya k|sfzsLo adj. related to the publisher

prakhyat k|Voft adj. renowned, famous, celebrated, noted

prakriti k|fs[lt n. nature, talent

prakritik k|fs[lts adj. natural, physical, material

prakritik gyas k|fs[lts Uof; n. natural gas

prakritik vanaspati k|fs[lts jg:klt n. natural vegetation

prakriya k|lqmof n. process, procedure, manner, method, technique

praman k|df)f n. proof, testimony, evidence, attestation, ascertainment

pramanik k|dfl)fs adj. factual, true, genuine, authoritative

pramanik k|fdfl)fs adj. factual, true, genuine,

101

authoritative

pramanit k|dfl)ft adj. certified

pramanpatra k|df)fkq n. certificate, testimonial, permit

pramukh k|dÚv n. principal, chief, head

pranali k|)ffnL n. method, mode, way

pranta k|fGt n. border, end, extremity, province

prapta k|fKt adj. obtained, received, acquired

prapti k|flKt n. receipt, procuration, acquisition, income, profit

prarambha k|f/De n. beginning, commencement, inception, initiation, starting point

prarthana k|fy{gf n. prayer, petition, request

prarthana garnu k|fy{gf ugÚ{ v.t. tp pray, to request

prasanga k|;é n. relation, connection, association, discussion, narration, context

prasar k|;f/ n. width, expansion, extent, spreading, spread, diffusion

prashangsa k|z+;f n. praise, appreciation, applause, laudation, eulogy

prashasan k|zf;g n. administration

prashasta k|z:t adj. abundant, sufficient, enough

prashna k|Zg n. question

prashnarthak sarvanam

k|Zgfy{s ;j{gfd n. interrogative pronoun

prashnavali k|ZgfjnL n. questionnaire

prasiddha k|l;$ adj. famous, renowned, glorious, illustrious, celebrated

prastav k|:tfj n. proposal, suggestion; preface, foreword, preamble

prastavana k|:tfjgf n. introduction, prologue, preface, foreword

prastut k|:tÚt adj. presented, submitted

pratam purusvacak k|td kÚ?ifjfrs n. first person [grammar]

pratha k|yf n. usage, practice, custom, rule, fashion, method,

102

systempratham k|yd adj. first, best, primitive

pratham purus k|yd kÚ?if n. first person [ling.]

prathamikta k|fyldstf n. priority, precedence

prati k|lt postp. towards, near to, against, in opposition to

pratibaddha k|lta$ adj. restricted, banned, conditioned, committed

pratibaddhata k|lta$tf n. commitment

pratibandhit k|ltalGwt adj. restricted, banned, conditioned

pratibha k|ltef n. genius, intellect, wit, intelligence, brilliance

pratibimba k|ltlaDa n. reflection, image, shadow

pratibimbit k|ltlalDat adj. reflected

pratigama k|ltufdf adj. retrogressive

pratik k|tLs n. symbol, fetish

pratikar k|ltsf/ n. retaliation, revenge

pratikatmak k|tLsfTds adj. symbolic, allegorical

pratikriya k|ltlqmof n. reaction

pratiksha k|tLIff n. expectation

pratinidhi k|ltlglw n. representative, substitute

pratinidhitva k|ltlglwTj n. representation, deputation, delegacy

pratipaksha k|ltkIf n. opposition, rival side, hostile camp, contesting party

pratipakshi k|ltkIfL n. opponent, rival, contestant, contralateral

pratishat k|ltzft n. percent percentage

pratishodh k|ltzf]w n. revenge, vengeance, retaliation, vendetta, blood feud

pratisparddha k|lt:k${ n. rivalry, contest, competition

prativedan k|ltj]bg n. report, representation

pratiyogita k|ltof]lutf n. rivalry, competition, hostility

pratyek k|To]s adj. every, everyone

pravacan k|jrg n. commentary, elucidation, explanation

pravesh k|j]z n. entry, admission, access,

103

entrancepravidhi k|ljlw n. technique

pravidhigya k|ljlw! n. technician

pravriti k|j[lt n. trend

pravritti k|j[lQ n. inclination of mind, tendency

prayah k|foM adv. almost, nearly, often, generally

prayas k|of; n. effort, attempt, endeavour

prayatna k|oTg n. effort, attempt, endeavour

prayog k|oF]u n. use, application, action, effort, usage, example, performance

pret k|]t n. dead, deceased, spirit of the dead, evil spirit, ghost; a very greedy person

pristhabhumi k[i&e'ld n. basis

prithvi k[YjL n. earth

priya lk|o adj. dear, lovely, beloved

pucchar kÚR%/ n. tail

pugnu kÚUgÚ v.i. to arrive at, to reach, to be fulfilled, to be sufficient

puja garnu k'hf ugÚ{ v.t. to worship, to adore

puja kotha k'hf sf]&f n. prayer room, worshipping room

punargathan kÚgu{&g n. reorganization, recasting

punarjivit kÚghL{ljt adj. revived, risen from the dead

punarnirman kÚglg{df{)f reconstruction

punarvalikan kÚg/jnLsg n. revision, retrospect, review

punarvas kÚgjf{; n. rehabilitation

puniun kÚlgp n. a flat spoon used for ladling out rice

punling kÚ+lné n. male [grammar]

pura k'/f adj. full, complete, entire, gross, whole

purano kÚ/fgf] adj. old, ancient

purashcaran kÚ/Zr/)f n. repeating the name of a deity

purashcarya kÚ/Zrof{ n. repeating the name of a deity

104

puratatva kÚ/ftTj n. archaeology

puri kÚ/L n. bread cooked in butter

purkha kÚv{f n. ancestor, forefather

purna k')f{ adj. perfect, full, complete, whole, accomplished, sufficient, detailed

purnatah k')f{tM adv. completely, fully, perfectly, totally

purnataya k')f{tof adj. completely, totally, fully, entirely

purnima k'l)f{df n. full moon day

purohit kÚ/f]lxt n. family priest

purusartha kÚ?iffy{ n. manly achievement, energy, vigour, valour

purusvacak sarvanam kÚ?ijfrs ;j{gfd n. personal pronoun

purvadhar k'jf{wf/ n. infrastructure

purvagraha k'jf{u|x n. prejudice

purvak k'j{s suff. together, with

purvi k'jL{ adj. eastern, eastern quarter

purviya k'jL{of adj. eastern

purviya k'jL{o adj. eastern

puryaunu kÚof{pgÚ v.t. to exort, to lead, to fulfil a wish

pus kÚ; n. ninth month of the Nepali year (December/January)

pusta kÚ:tf n. generation, succession

pustakalaya kÚ:tsfno n. library

pusti kÚli& n. nourishment, nutrition

putali kÚtnL n. butterfly

pval Kjfn n. hole, opening

pyaj Kofh n. onion

pyaro Kof/f] adj. loving, dear, beloved, lovely, pleasant

pyau Kofp n. mushroom

racak /rs n. author, writer, maker

racana /rgf n. composition, production, creation, formation

racanatmak /rgfTds adj. creative, constructive

racayita /rlotf n. composer, writer, author,

105

makerracit /lrt adj. composed, made, formed,

manufactured, compiled, constructed, built, invented, fabricated

radhi /f(L n. coarse wollen rug

ragat /ut n. blood

ragat aunu /ut cfpgÚ to bleed

rahanu /xgÚ v.i. to remain, to dwell, to inhabit

rahar /x/ n. a kind of lentils

rahasyamaya /x:odo adj. mysterious, secret, hidden

rahasyamaya dhangabata

/x:odo (éaf& adv. in a mysterious way

rahat /fxt n. comfort, relief

rai /fO{ n. Rai [a Nepali nationality]

raithane /}yfg] n. local inhabitant, aboriginee

raiti /}tL n. tenant, leaseholder, farmer

raja /fhf n. king, ruler, sovereign

rajaharuma /fhfx¿df comp. among kings

rajasva /fh:j n. revenue, royalty

rajdarbar /fhb/af/ n. the king's palace

rajdhani /fhwfgL n. capital

rajdut /fhb't n. ambassador

rajdutavas /fhb'tfjf; n. embassy

rajhans /hxf; n. swan

rajhans /fhxf; n. swan

raji /fhL adj. willing, pleased, desirous, content, complacent

rajikhushi /fhLvÚzL n. willingness, acceptance with much pleasure

rajinama /fhLgfdf n. agreement, compromise

rajkaj /fhsfh n. government work, administration

rajkaji /fhsfhL adj. relating to government, relating to administration

rajkanya /fhsGof n. princess

rajkarya /fhsfo{ n. public affair, affairs of state, governance

rajkumar /fhsÚdf/ n. prince

106

rajkumari /fhsÚdf/L n. princess

rajnaitik /fhg}lts adj. political

rajnaitik gatividhi /fhg}lts ultljlw political movement

rajniti /fhgLlt n. politics, political science

rajnitigya /fhgLlt! n. politician

rajnitik /fhgLlts adj. political

rajnitik labh /fhgLlts nfe n. political importance

rajparisad /fhkl/ifb n. council of state

rajprasad /fhk|;fb n. palace

rajtantra /fhtGq n. monarchy, monarchical system of government

rajvanshi /fhj+zL n. Rajvanshi [a Nepali nationality]

rajya /fHo n. kingdom, state, territory

rajyadhikar /fHolwsf/ n. power of the state, jura regia

rajyavati /fHojtL n. Rajyavati [mother of Licchavi king Manadeva I]

rakhnu /fVgÚ v.t. to keep, to protect, to hold

raksha /Iff n. defence, protection, guard

raksi /S;L n. alcoholic drink

raktapatpurna /Stkftk")f{ adj. bloody

rakumari /fhsÚdf/L n. princess

ramailo /dfOnf] adj. pleasant

ramaunu /dfpgÚ v.i. to be pleased, to feel happy, to feel delighted, to be glad

ramnu /DgÚ v.i. to be pleased, to feel happy, to feel delighted, to be glad

ramro /fd|f] adj. good, beautiful

rang /é n. colour

rangamanc /éd~r n. stage

rangaunu /+ufpgÚ v.t. to colour, to paint, to dye, to tint

rangicangi /+uLr+uL adj. multi-coloured

rangin /+uLg adj. coloured

rango /fuf] n. water buffalo [male]

107

rani /fgL n. queen

ranniti /)fgLlt n. strategy

rap /fk n. heat of the sun, heat of the fire

ras /; n. juice, broth

rasiya /;Lof n. Russia

rastra /fi^« n. nation

rastrabhasa /fi^«efiff n. national language, language of the nation

rastranayak /fi^«gfos n. head of state

rastravad /fi^«jfb n. nationalism

rastravadi /fi^«jfbL n./adj. a nationalist, nationalistic

rastriya /fli^«o adj. national

rastriya jagaran /fli^«o hfu/)f national awakening

rastriya rastra /fli^«o /fi^« nation-state

rastriyata /fli^«otf n. nationality, nationalism

rat /t postp. engaged in, employed in, devoted to, absorbed in, addicted to

rat /ft n. night

rat parcha /ft k%{ it's getting dark

rati /flt adv. at night

rato /ftf] adj. red

rato mato /ftf] df^f] n. red clay to paint the wall

raun /f}+ n. hair of the body

ravivar /ljjf/ n. Sunday

rayako sag /fofsf] ;fu n. mustard greens [large]

rel /]n n. rail

rica Crf n. verse, hymn

rihai l/xfO{ n. release, acquittal, deliverance, discharge, setting free

rijha l/´ n. gladness, happiness, contentment

rina C)f n. debt, loan, due, obligation

rini C)fL n./adj. debtor, indebted

ris l/; n. anger, wrath, irritation

risaeko l/;fPsf] adj. angry

108

risaunu l/;fpgÚ v.i. to be angry, to get irritated

risi Clif n. sage, saint, wise ascetic

riti-thiti /Lltlylt n. social customs

rittinu l/lQgÚ v.i. to be emptied

ritto l/Qf] adj. empty, hollow

ritu CtÚ n. season of the year

rodh /f]w n. onbstruction, obstacle, hindrance

rog /f]u n. sickness, disease, illness, ailment

rogi /f]uL n. sick person

rojgar /f]huf/ n. business, trade, employment, profession, occupation

rok /f]s n. prohibition, restriction, interdict

rokinu /f]lsgÚ v.i. to be stopped, to be hindered

roknu /f]SgÚ v.t. to prohibit, to obstruct, to hinder, to prevent, to stop

roti /f]^L n. bread [made of flour and water without yeast]

ruci ¿lr n. interest, liking, taste

rugha ?#f n. cold, catarrh, chill

rugna ?U)f adj. ill, sick, unwell, indisposed, motbid, diseased

runa man lagnu ?g dg nfUgÚ to feel like to wep

runu ?gÚ v.i. to weep, to cry

rup ¿k n. countenance, look, form, shape, aspect, beauty, guise, semblance, appearance

rupantar ¿kfGt/ n. transformation, transition, change of form, metamorphosis, translation, conversion

rupi ¿kL postp. having the form of, having the shape of

rupiyan ?lkof n. Rupee

ruvanda ?jf)*f n. Ruanda

ruvaunu ?jfpgÚ v.i. to cause to weep

saba ;a adj. all, everything

109

sabai bhanda ;a} eGbf of all

sabaijaso ;a}h;f] pron. almost all

saber ;a]/ adj. early

saberai ;a]/} adv. early

sabha ;ef n. assembly, meeting, gathering

sabhapati ;efklt n. chairman [of a meeting, organization or party]

sabhyata ;Eotf n. civilization, civility, politeness, courtesy, good manner

sabik ;flas adj. former, previous

sabun ;faÚg n. soap

sabunko gaj ;faÚgsf] ufh n. soap foam

sabunko phinja ;faÚgsf] lkm+h n. soap foam

sabut ;a't n. proof, evidence, testimony, demonstration

sacetak ;r]ts n. whip

saciv ;rLj n. secretary, advisor, companion

sacivalaya ;lrjfno n. secretariat

sadak ;*s n. road [metalled]

sadan ;bg n. residence, house, assembly hall

sadar ;b/ n. acceptance, approval, sanction

sadar upatyaka ;b/ pkTosf n. central valley

sadashya ;bZo n. member

sadashyaharuprati daman-niti

;bZox¿k|lt bdggLlt n. politics of oppression towards members

sadasya ;b:o n. member

sadasyata ;b:otf n. membership

sadbhavana ;b\efjgf n. friendship

sadhain ;w}+ adv. always

sadhan ;fwg n. material, resource, medium, means, equipment

sadhana ;fwgf n. devotes labour or striving, object of devotion; controlling spirit or ghost by reciting sacred verses;

110

penance, propitiationsadharan ;fwf/)f adj. common, simple, general

sadharan sabha ;fwf/)f ;ef n. general assembly

sadhe ;f(] adj. half past

sadiccha ;lbR%f n. good wishes, good will

sadupayog ;bÚkof]u n. utilization

sadyantra if*\oGq n. conspiracy, plot, intrigue

sagapat ;fukft n. (leafy) vegetables

sagar ;fu/ n. ocean, sea

sagar ;u/ n. sky, heaven

sagarkhand ;u/vG* n. sweet potato

sagarmatha ;u/dfyf n. Sagarmatha, Chomolungma, Mount Everest

sagaunu ;ufpgÚ v.t. to help, to assist, to aid

saghaunu ;#fpgÚ v.t. to help, to assist, to aid

saglo ;Unf] adj. whole, complete, undivided

sagsabji ;fu;AjL n. vegetables

sahabhagi ;xefuL n. partner, accomplice

sahabhagita ;xeflutf n. participation

sahalekhak ;xn]vs n. co-author

sahamat ;xdt n./adv. agreement, of one and the same mind or opinion

sahamati ;xdlt n. agreement, concurrence, content

sahan ;xg n. endurance, enduring, bearing

sahanu ;xgÚ v.t. to forbear, to endure, to brook, to sustain, to withstand

sahara ;xf/f n. help, assistance, support

sahasrabdi ;x;|fAbL n. millennium

sahaya ;xfo n. help, assistance, support

sahayak ;xfos n. assistant, helper, colleague

sahayak nadi ;xfos gbL n. tributary (river)

sahayata ;xfotf n. help, assistance, support

sahayog ;xof]u n. cooperation

sahayog samiti ;xof]u ;ldlt n. cooperative society

111

sahayogi ;xof]uL n. colleague, supporter, assistant, friend

sahinlo ;flx+nf] n. third eldest [of brothers]

sahitya ;flxTo n. literature

sahityakar ;flxTosf/ n. writer, author

sahityashastra ;flxTozf:q n. poetics, rhetoric, literature

sahityik ;flxlTos adj. literary

sahu ;fxÚ n. merchant, trader, money-lender, banker

sahu ;fx' n. shopkeeper, merchant, trader, businessman, moneylender

sahuni ;fxÚgL n. shopkeeper (female)

saiddhantik ;}$flGts adj. according top principle, theoretical

sainik ;}lgs adj. military

sainik viman ;}lgs ljdfg n. military plane

saintis ;}+tL; num. thirty-seven, 37

saja ;hf n. punishment, confinement, penalty

sajaya ;hfo n. punishment, confinement, penalty

sajha ;f´f n. cooperative, joint enterprise

sajilo ;lhnf] adj. easy, simple

sakali ;snL adj. original, true, pure, good, genuine

sakbhar ;se/ adv. as much as possible

sakesamma cando ;s];Dd rf*f] comp. as fast as possible, as soon as possible

saknu ;SgÚ v.t. to be able; to finish, to complete

saksham ;Ifd adj. capable, competent

sakshar ;fIf/ adj. literate

saksharta ;fIf/tf n. literacy

sal ;fn n. year [of vikram samvat]

salabalaunu ;nanfpgÚ v.i. to move restlessly

salah ;nx n. locust

salai ;nfO{ n. matches

salaiko batta ;nfO{ a§f n. match-box

salakhala ;fnfvfnf adj. on the average

112

salana ;fnfgf adj. annually, every year, yearly

sali ;fnL n. wife's younger sister

salig ;flnu n. statue, effigy, idol, image

salik ;flns n. statue, effigy, idol, image

salinda ;flnGbf adj. annually, every year

sallaha ;Nnfx n. consultation, advice, counsel, conference, deliberation

sallahakar ;Nnfxsf/ advisor, consultant

salo ;fnf] n. wif's younger brother

samacar ;dfrf/ n. news, information

samadhan ;dfwfg n. solving the problem, cracking the nuts, removel of doubts

samagra ;du| adj. whole, all, entire, complete

samaj ;dfh n. society

samaj shastra ;dfh zf:q n. sociology

samajik ;fdflhs adj. social

samajvad ;fdfHjfb n. socialism

samajvadi ;fdfHjfbL n./adj. socialist

samajvadi rajya ;fdfHjfbL /fHo n. socialist state

samaksha ;dIf postp. before, in front of,

samalocana ;dfnf]rgf n. review

saman ;fdfg n. things, materials, apparatus, tools, belongings, appliances

saman ;dfg adj. similar, equal, alike, uniform, equivalent, identical, tantamount

samanta ;dfgtf n. equality, equivalence, parity, similarity, likeness

samanti ;fdGtL adj. feudal, feudatory

samanvaya ;dGjo n. combination, union, uniformity, harmony, natural succession

samanya ;fdfGo adj. ordinary, general, common, usual, trivial, insignificant

samanya ling ;fdfGo lné n. double gender

samanya nam ;fdfGo gfd n. generic term

113

samapta ;dfKt adj. finished, completed, accomplished

samarpan ;dk{)f n. offering, dedication, surrender, deliverynce, disposal, assignment

samartha ;dy{ adj. mighty, powerful, strong, able

samarthak ;dy{s n./adj. supporter, vindicator; supporting

samarthan ;dy{g n. support, ratification, corroboration

samarthata ;dy{tf n. capability, competence

samasta ;d:t adj. whole, entire, all

samasti ;dli^ n. collectiveness, totality, aggregate

samastigat ;dli^ut adv. collectively

samasya ;d:o n. problem, dilemma

samasyagrasta ;d:ofu|:t adj. problematic

samata ;dtf n. equalness, similarity, evenness

samatal ;dtn adj. plain, level, smooth, even, flat; moderate

samay ;do n. time, period, season, opportunity, leisure, occasion

sambal ;Dan n. support

sambandha ;DaGw n. relation, relationship, connection, association, affinity

sambandhi ;DaGwL suff. related with, pertaining to

sambandhi sarvanam ;DaGwL ;j{gfd n. relative pronoun

sambhavana ;Defjgf n. possibility, probability

sambhavatah ;DejtM adv. possible, in all probability

sambhranta ;De|fGt adj. perplexed, confused, bewildered

sambodhan ;Daf]wg n. address, calling aloud; vocative case

samcar ;Drf/ n. news, information

samdhi ;DwL n. son's father-in-law, daughter's father-in-law

samdhini ;lDwgL n. son's mother-in-law, daughter's mother-in-law

samet ;d]t postp. with, together with,

114

including, includedsaminya ;fdLGo adj. simple, common

samiti ;ldlt n. committee

samjhana ;D´gf n. remembrance, reminiscence, memory

samma ;Dd postp. upto, as far as

sammat ;Ddt adv. unanimous, agreeing, agreed to, approved, sanctioned, permitted

sammati ;Ddlt n. opinion, consent, approval, permission, acceptance, assent

sammelan ;Dd]ng n. meating, conference

sammilit ;DdLlnt adj. with eyes shut, with eyes closed, covered

sammyaunu ;DDofpgÚ v.t. to level, to make plain

sampadak ;Dkfbs n. editor

sampadakiya ;DkfbsLo adj. editorial

sampadakiya sahayak ;DkfbsLo ;xfos n. assistant editor

sampadakiya vibhag ;DkfbsLo ljefu n. editorial department

sampanna ;DkGg adj. rich, well-off, prosperous, wealthy, well-to-do

samparka ;Dks{ n. company, association, union

sampradaya ;Dk|bfo n. sect, religious society, mode, tradition, usage, custom

sampurna ;Dk')f{ adj. complete, whole, entire, all, total, perfect, finished

samrat ;d|f^\ n. emperor, sovereign, king of the kings

samriddha ;d[$ adj. important

samu ;fdÚ postp. before, in front of, opposite, facing

samuccaya ;dÚRro n. assemblage, mass, collection

samudaya ;dÚbfo n. collection, assemblage, group

samudayavacak nam ;dÚfojfrs gfd n. collective noun, generic term

samudayik ;fdÚbflos adj. collective, pertaining to community

samudra ;dÚb| n. sea, ocean

115

samudra sataha ;dÚb| ;tx– n. sea level

samuha ;d'x n. collection, assemblage, group

samuhik ;d'lxs adj. collective

samunnati ;dÚGglt n. progress, development, elevation, rise

samyatantra ;fDotGq n. communism

samyavad ;fDojfb n. communism

samyavadi ;fDojfbL n./adj. communist

san ;g n. jute

sana buva ;fgf aÚjf n. mother's younger sister's husband

sancalan ;+rfng n. managing, directing

sancalan ;~rng n. movement

sancalit ;~rflnt adj. managed, conducted, directed

sancar ;~rf/ n. movement, motion

sancaran ;~r/)f n. movement, motion

sanco ;frf] n./adj. 1. key; true, sincere, genuine, real

sandarbha ;Gbe{ n. treatise, a collection of anthology, formation, construction; context, appendage, expansion

sandarbha-suci ;Gbe{;"rL n. bibliography

sandesh ;Gb]z n. information, news, message; command; gift present

sandhe ;f(] n. bull

sanga ;ª postp. with, along with

sangai lanu ;ª} nfgÚ v.t. to take along, to take away

sangasangai ;ª;ª} adj. together

sanggathan ;é&g n. organization, union, league

sanggathanatmak ;+u&gfTds adj. organizational

sanggathanik ;é&lgs adj. organizational

sanggharsa ;+#if{ n. struggle, conflict, strife, friction

sangh ;+# n. assembly, association, multitude, monastery

sanghu ;f#Ú n. wooden bridge (of a log or planks), small bridge

116

(usually made of bamboos or planks of wood)

sangkalan ;°ng n. collection, compilation

sangkalpa ;°Nk n. solemn promise, resolve, solution, determination

sangkat ;+s& n. distress, peril, caöamity, agony

sangkat ;°^ n. hint, symbol, gesture, sign

sangketik ;fª\s]lts adj. token, nominal, symbolic, indicative

sanglo ;fª\nf] n. roach

sanguro ;fuÚ/f] adj. narrow

sangyojik ;+of]lhs n. conjunction

sangyukta rastra sangh

;+oÚQm /fi^« ;+# United Nations Organization

sani ama ;fgL cfdf n. mother's younger sister

sanishcavar ;lgZrjf/ n. Saturday

sanivar ;lgjf/ n. Saturday

sanjha ;f´ adv. in the evening

sanjha paryo ;f´ k¥oF] it became evening

sankhyabodhak ;+Voaf]ws adj. numerical [grammar]

sankhyamatrabodhak ;+Vofdfqaf]ws n. cardinal number

sankramankal ;+qmd)fsfn n. transitional period

sano ;fgf] adj. small, little, inferior

sanp ;fk n. snake

sanracana ;+/rgf n. structure, composition, anatomy

sanrakshak ;+/Ifs n. keeper, preserver, guardian

sanrakshan ;+/If)f n. guardianship, patronage, protection, conservation, tutelage

sansad ;+;b n. parliament

sansadiya ;;bLo adj. parliamentary

sansadiya vyavastha ;;bLo Joj:yf n. parliamentary affairs

sanshodhan ;+zf]wg n. correction, purification, refinement, revision, amendment

sanshodhit ;+zf]lwt adj. corrected, amended, revised

sanskar ;+:sf/ n. reformation, initiation,

117

purificationsanskaran ;+:s/)f n. correction, act of refining;

editionsanskrit ;+:s[t n. Sanskrit

sanskriti ;+:s[lt n. culture, customs, tradition

sanskritik ;+:s[lts adj. cultural

sanskritmaya ;+:s[tdo adj. sanskritized, full of Sanskrit

sansmaran ;+:d/)f n. recollection, memory, remembrance

sanstha ;+:yf n. institution, establishment

sansthagat ;+:yfut adj. institutional

sansthan ;+:yfg n. institution, establishment, corporation

sansthapan ;+:yfkg n. establishment, founding, initiation, inauguration, foundation

santa ;Gt n. mendicant, ascetic, pious person, devotee

santa-mahanta ;GtdxGt n. holy men

santan ;Gtfg n. family, extended family, lineage, genealogy, offsoring, children, breeding

santanabbe ;GtfgAa] num. ninety-seven, 97

santan-nigraha ;Gtfglgu|x n. birth control, family planning

santan-nirodh ;Gtfglg/f]w n. birth control, family planning

santaunna ;GtfpGg num. fifty-seven, 57

santulan ;GtÚng n. equalization, making equal

sanu ;fgÚ adj. small, little, inferior

sanu ;fg' adj. small, little, inferior

sanvaidhanik ;+j]wflgs adj. constitutional

sanvarddhan ;+j${g n. rearing, breeding, fostering

sanvedanshil ;+j]bgzLn adj. sensitive, sensible, feeling

sanvidhan ;+ljwfg n. constitution

saph ;fkm adj. clear, fair, pure, unadulterated, obvious, bright

sapha ;kmf adj. clean, clear, pure, transparent

118

saphal ;kmn adj. successful, effective, fruitful

saphalibhut ;kmnLe't adj. successful

saphalta ;kmntf n. success, achievement

sar ;f/ n. substance, essence, kernel, purport, chief part, vigour, spirit

sara ;f/f adj. all, whole, entire, complete

saraha ;/x adj. similar, like, resembling, on equal footing

saral ;/n adj. easy, simple, plain, straightforward, upright, sincere

saranggi ;f/éL n. Sarangi, a kind of violin

sarapnu ;/fKgÚ v.t. to curse

saripha ;l/kmf n. custard-apple

sarkar ;/sf/ n. government, administration

sarkari ;/sf/L adj. governmental, public, official, administrative

sarkari bhasa ;/sf/L efiff n. official language

sarnu ;fgÚ{ v.t. to move, to remove, to shift, to copy, to infect

sarnu ;gÚ{ v.i. to move, to spread

sarp ;k{ n. snake

sarva ;j{ adj. all, entire, whole, complete

sarvahara ;j{xf/f n. proletariat

sarvajan ;j{hg pron. everybody

sarvajanik ;fj{hlgs adj. public

sarvanam ;j{gfd n. pronoun

sarvanamik ;fj{gflds adj. pronominal

sarvapracin ;j{k|frLg adj. oldest

sarvashrestha ;j{>]i& adj. best of all, preeminent, highest, supreme, paramount

sarvasva ;j{:j n. entire property, everything

sarvatomukhi ;j{tf]dÚlv adj. universal, all pervading

sarvekshan ;j]{If)f n. survey

sarvesarva ;j]{;jf{ adj. all-in-all, supreme, chied of all

sasana ;f;gf n. punishment, suppression

119

sashakta ;zQm adj. potential, powerful, strong, forceful

sashastra ;z:q adj. armed, equipped with arms

sasto ;:tf] adj. cheap

sasu ;f;' n. mother-in-law

sasura ;;Ú/f n. father-in-law

sasuro ;;Ú/f] n. father-in-law

sat ;t\ n. existence, essence, substance, goodness

sat ;ft num. seven

sata ;ftf n. week, period of seven days

sataha ;tx n. surface, level

satahi ;^xL n. exchange of currency

satani ;^gL n. change, exhange, interchange

satasi ;tf;L num. eighty-seven, 87

sataun ;ftf}+ adj. seventh

satcalis ;TrfnL; num. forty-seven

sath ;fy postp. with, including

sathattar ;txQ/ num. seventy-seven, 77

sathi ;fyL n. friend, companion

sathi ;f&L num. sixty, 60

sati ;tL n. Sati, virtuous wife, chaste woman, faithful woman

satopuglo ;ftf]kÚUnf] n. spirit, presence of mind

satra ;q num. seventeen, 17

satsatthi ;T;^\&L num. sixty-seven, 67

satta ;§f n. change, exhange, interchange

satta ;§f n. speculation

sattais ;QfO{; num. twenty-seven, 27

sattari ;Q/L num. seventy, 70

sattarudh ;Qf?( adj. ruling, wielding power

satu ;ftÚ n. flour of dryfried corn

satya ;To adj. true, real, right, veritable, correct, honest

saun ;fpg n. fourth month of the Nepali year [July-August]

120

saundarya ;f}Gbo{ beauty, charm, pretiness

saunvar ;fpñjf/ n. Monday

saurya ;f}o{ adj. solar

sauta ;f}tf n. co-wife

sava ;jf adj. a quarter past

saval ;jfn n. question, plumb, a laden weight on a line

saya ;o num. hundred, 100

sekaunu ;]sfpgÚ v.t. to roast, to warm up

sekuva ;]sÚjf n. roasted meat

selaunu ;]nfpgÚ v.t. to cool

selroti ;]n/f]^L n. Nepalese doughnut made of rice flour

sepilo ;]lknf] adj. shaded, dark

seto ;]tf] adj. white

seva ;]jf n. service, attendance, worship

sevan ;]jg n. service, attendance, worship

shabda zAb n. word

shabdakos zAbsf]if n. dictionary

shahar zx/ n. town

shaharikaran zx/Ls/)f n. urbanization

shahi zfxL adj. royal

shahid zfxLb n. martyr

shakta zQm adj. able, capable, strong, vigorous, energetic, hard, firm

shakti zlQm n. strength, power, prowess, capability, calibre, vigour, energy

shaktihina zlQmxLg adj. powerless, impotent, enervated

shaktiman zlQmdfg adj. powerful, capable, mighty, vigorous

shaktiparikshan zlQmk/LIf)f n. trial of strength

shaktishali zlQmzfnL adj. powerful, strong

shamel zfd]n adj. assembled, gathered together, united together

shamil zfldn adj. assembled, gathered

121

together, united togethershangka z°f n. doubt, suspicion,

apprehensionshankalu z+sfnÚ adj. suspicious, questionable,

prone to suspicion, vagueshankaradeva z+s/b]j n. Shankaradeva [a Licchavi

king, grandfather of Manadeva I]

shanta zfGt adj. calm, quiet, mild, serene, pacific, grave, silent

sharad z/b n. early autumn

sharan z/)f n. protection, shelter

sharanarthi z/)ffyL{ n. refugee, shelter-seeker

sharat z/t n. early autumn

sharir z/L/ n. body

shasak zf;s n. administrator, ruler, governor

shasakiya zf;sLo adj. governmental, administrative, public

shasan zf;g n. command, authority, governance, reign

shasan parivartan zf;g kl/jt{g n. coup, putsch

shasana zf;gf n. punishment, suppression

shasankal zf;gsfn n. term of office, reign

shasankarta zf;gstf{ n. administrator, ruler, governor

shasanpaddhati zf;gk$lt n. polity, system of government

shasan-pranali zf;gk|)ffnL n. government, constitution

shasantantra zf;gktGq n. government, constituion

shasit zfl;t adj. ruled, administered, governed; punished

shastra z:q n. weapon, arms, tool, instrument

shatabda ztfAb n. century

shatabdi ztfAbL n. century

shatak zts adj. hundred, 100

shatru zqÚ n. enemy

shatruta zqÚtf n. enmity, hostility

shaucalaya zf}rfno n. rest room, toilet

shav zj n. corpse

122

shayad zfob adv. perhaps, maybe

sherpa z]kf{ n. Sherpa [a Nepali nationality]

shikariko svarg lzsf/Lsf] :ju{ n. hunting paradise

shiksha lzIff n. education

shikshak lzIfs n. teacher

shikshan lzIf)f n. teaching, instruction, education

shir lz/ n. head, crest, noddle, summit, top of anything

Shista lzi^ adj. gentle, polite, mannerly, civil, wellbred, refined, trained

shisya lzio n. student, pupil, disciple

shithilta lzlyntf n. feebleness, weakness, looseness, laxity

shlok Zn]]s n. verse, stanza, poetry, couplet

shobha zf]ef n. beauty, handsomeness, magnificence, elegance, lustre, replendence

shos zf]if n. suction, drying up, withering, dryness, absorption, sucking

shosak zf]ifs adj. absorbent, withering

shosan zf]if)f n. suction, drying up, withering, dryness, absorption, sucking, exploitation

shosit zf]lift adj. exploited

shram >d n. hard labour, toil, exertion

shravan >fj)f n. fourth month of the Nepali year [July-August]

shri >L n. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss

shrilangka >Lnéf n. Sri Lanka

shriman >Ldfg n. husband

shrimati >LdtL n. wife

shuddha zÚ$ adj. pure, genuine, chaste, uncontaminated, clear, uncorrupted, unadulterated

shukavar zÚsjf/ n. Friday

shukla paksha zÚSn kIf comp. the moonlit half of a lunar month

123

shukravar zÚqmjf/ n. Friday

shunya z'Go n./adj. empty, nill, zero

shur z'/ adj. hero, warrior, champion

shuru zÚ¿ n. start, beginning

shuru garnu zÚ¿ ugÚ{ to start, to begin

shyarpa Zofkf{ n. Sherpa [a Nepali nationality]

siddhanta l;$fGt n. doctrine, tenet, established truth

siddhi l;l$ n. perfection, accomplishment, maturity, fulfilment, victory

siddhyaunu l;$ØfpgÚ v.t. to finish, to complete, to kill

sikkim l;lSsd n. Sikkim

siknu l;SgÚ v.t. to learn

silbar l;Na/ n. aluminium

siling l;lnª n. ceiling

sima ;Ldf n. boundary, border, limit, landmark

simana l;dfgf n. boundary, border, limit, landmark

simi l;dL n. bean

simit ;Lldt adj. limited, restricted

sinbi l;+aL n. bean

sincai l;+rfO n. watering, irrigation

sincit l;l~rt adj. irrigated, drenched

sindur l;+b'/ n. vermilion, lead powder

sindure l;+b'/] adj. scarlet, vermilion-coloured

singgapur l;+ufkÚ/ Singapur

sinha l;+x n. lion

sinhasan l;+xf;g n. throne, lion's seat

sinki l;GsL n. soured raddish, fermented raddish

sip ;Lk n. handicraft, handiwork, art, craft, arts and crafts, skill

sipahi l;kfxL n. soldier

sipalu l;kfnÚ adj. skilful, experienced, clever, skilled

sipharish l;kmfl/z n. recommendation, letter of

124

support; intercessionsirak l;/s n. quilt

sirani l;/fgL n. pillow

sirjana l;h{gf n. creation, formation, construction

sisa ;L;f n. lead

sita l;t postp. with, along with

siune kal l;pg] sn n. sewing machine

siunu l;pgÚ v.i. to sew, to stitch

siyo l;of] n. needle

skulma padhnu :s'ndf k(\gÚ comp. to go to school

smaran-patra :d/)f kq– n. reminder, memorandum

smarika :dfl/sf n. monument, memorial; commemorative volume

smriti :d[lt n. memory, remembrance, memento

smriti-patra :d[lt kq– n. reminder, memorandum

snan :gfg n. bath

snankotha :gfgsf]&f n. bathroom

so ;f adj. that, that one, he, she

sobhita ;f]letf n. cobalt

socnu ;f]RgÚ v.t. to think, to ponder, to consider

sodhakhoj ;f]wvf]h n. research program, research project

sohra ;f]x| num. sixteen, 16

sojho ;f]´f] adj. straigt, straigtforward, honest

somvar ;f]djf/ n. Monday

sopan ;f]kfg n. steps, ladder, staircase

spast :ki^ adj. distinct, clear, intelligible, lucid, apparent, evident

sresta ;|:tf n. book-keeping, account, register book

srot ;|f]t n. current, stream, channel, water course, source of income

srot ra sadhan >f]t / ;fwg n. resources

stambha :tDe n. column

stan :tg n. breast

125

stava :tj n. praise, admiration; prayer, hymn

steshan :^]zg n. station

sthagit :ylut adj. postpones, adjourned

sthan :yfg n. place, spot, site, position, house

sthaniya :yfgLo adj. local, territorial, regional, topical

sthapan :yfkg n. establishment, foundation, setting up, creation, planting, placing

sthapana :yfkgf n. establishment, foundation, setting up, creation, planting, placing

sthapit :yflkt adj. propounded, founded, established, instituted, set up, fixed, placed, erected, installed

sthayi :yfoL adj. pßermanent, stationary, fast, durable, lasting, stable, steady

sthayitva :yfloTj n. permanence, durability, sustainment

sthira l:y/ adj. stable, firm, fixed, permanent, constant, steadfast, immovable, determined, patient

sthirata l:y/tf n. immobility, steadiness, stability, constancy, immutability, patience

sthiratva l:y/Tjf n. immobility, steadiness, stability, constancy, immutability, patience

sthiti l:ylt n. place, position, circumstance, condition, phase, equilibrium

striling :qLlné n. female [grammar]

stuti :t"lt n. praise, glorification, eulogy, admiration; hymn of praise, invocation, solemn prayer

subista ;Úla:tf n. easiness, comfort

subistako ;Úla:tfsf] adj. comfortable, easy

sucana ;'rgf n. notice, notification, information, advertisement, indication, hint

sucanapatra ;'rgfkq n. advertisement, notice

126

suci ;'lr n. needle, a pointed piece of iron, goad, prong

suci ;'rL n. liste, table, index, catalogue

sudhar ;Úwf/ n. improvement, reform, reformation, correction, amendment, renovationr

sudharak ;Úwf/s n. reformer, improver, disciplinarian

sudharnu ;ÚwfgÚ{ v.t. to correct, to reform, to amend, to make better

sudridha ;Úb[( adv. very strong, very firm, very rigid

suga ;'uf n. parrot

sujhau ;'´fp n. suggestion, advice, counsel

sujhav ;'´fj n. suggestion, advice, counsel

sukhi ;"vL adj. happy, pleased, delighted

sukhiya ;"lvof adj. pleasure loving, pleasant, happy

sukti ;"lQm n. good saying, beautiful sentence

sukul ;ÚsÚn n. a kind of straw mat, a person of high or respectable family

sukumvasi ;ÚsÚdjf;L n./adj. a homeless person, homeless

sukuti ;ÚsÚ^L n. dried meat, jerk

sun ;Úg n. gold

sunaulo ;Úgf}nf] adj. golden

sunaunu ;ÚgfpgÚ v.t. to make others hear, to tell

sundar ;ÚGb/ adj. beautiful, nice, pretty, charming

sundha ;Ú( n. trunk (of an elephant) snout

sungur ;ÚuÚ/ n. pig, hog

suntala ;ÚGtnf n. tangerine

suntale ;ÚGtn] adj. orange-coloured

sunuvar ;ÚgÚjf/ n. Sunuwar [a Nepali nationality]

supari ;Úkf/L n. areca nut, betel nut

suraksha ;Ú/Iff protection, security

surakshit ;Ú/lIft adj. well protected, in safety

127

surti ;ÚtL{ n. tobacco

suruva ;Ú?jf n. meat broth, meat soup

surya ;'o{ n. sun

susajjit ;Ú;lHht adj. well adorned, well prepared

susangat ;Ú;+ut well associated, well accompanied; reasonable

susangata ;Ú;+utf n. good association, good companionship

susangati ;Ú;+ult n. good companionship

suselnu ;Ú;]NgÚ v.t. to whistle

suselo ;Ú;]nf] n. whistling, sighing; whistling sound made by the wind, sound produced by water while flowing

sushasan ;Úzf;g n. good government, good rule, good administration

sushri ;Ú>L n. Miss

susta ;Ú:t adj. lazy, slow, idle, tardy, inactive

sutne kotha ;ÚTg] sf]&f n. bed room

sutnu ;ÚTgÚ v.i. to sleep, to go to sleep, to go to bed, to lie down

sutrapat ;'qkft n. beginning, commencement

suvidha ;Úljwf n. facility, convenience

suvista ;Úlj:tf n. easiness, comfort

svabhav :jefj n. habit, nature, temperament, character

svabhavatah :jefjtM adv. naturally, by nature

svabhavik :jefljs adj. natural, by nature

svaccha :jR% adj. clean, clear, pure, transparent

svad :jfb n. taste

svadhin :jfwLg adj. independent, free, self-governing, autonomous

svadhinata :jfwLgtf n. independence, freedom, autonomy

svami :jfdL n. master, owner, lord, proprietor, husband

svar :j/ n. voice, sound, tune, tone, vowel

svarg :ju{ n. heaven, paradise, sky, heavens; a beautiful place,

128

a pleasant sitesvargavas :ju{jf; n. death, passing away

svarup :j¿k n. shape, form, apperarance

svasni :jf:gL n. wife [common]

svasnimanche :jf:gLdfG%] n. woman

svasth :j:y adj. healthy

svasthya :jf:Yo n. health

svatah :jtM adj. voluntarily, spontaneous, of one's own accord

svatantra :jtGq adj. free

svatantrata :jtGqtf n. freedom, independence

svatantrata divas :jtGqtf lbj; n. independence day

svayam :jod adv. personally, self

svayambhunath :jfoDe'gfy n. Swayambhunath

svayamev :jod]j adv. personally, self

svayamsevak :jod;]js n. volunteer

svayang :jo+ adj. personally, self

svayatta :jfoQ adj. autonomous, under one's control

svayatta shasan :jfoQ zf;g n. autonomy, self-government

svayattashasi :jfoQzf;L adj. autonomous

svayattata :jfoQtf n. autonomy

svikar :jLsf/ n. acceptance, confession, assent, agreement

svikrit :jLs[t adj. accepted, agreed, consented, conferred

svikriti :jLs[lt n. acceptance, sanction, approbation, acknowledgement, consent

syal :ofn n. jackal

syau :ofp n. apple

tadha ^f(f adj. far (away)

tadkanu t*\sgÚ v.i. to walk speedily, to shout, to cry

tadkinu t*\lsgÚ v.i. to walk speedily, to shout, to cry

tai tfO{ n. flat iron pan

taipani t}klg conj. though, notwithstanding

taja tfhf adj. fresh, not stale; green,

129

unfaded; recenttak tfs n. time, hour, opportunity,

chancetak ^s n. reflection, light; gazing,

staring; looking at the things with closing the eyes

takaliph tsnLkm n. trouble, pain, affliction

takiya tlsof n. pillow

takuro ^fsÚ/f] n. summit, top, peak, apex

tal tfn n. lake

tala tfnf n. lock

tala tn postp. down, below

tala tnf n. floor

talak tns postp. upto, as long as

talca tfNrf n. lock

talika tflnsf n. list, key, table, schedule

talim tfnLd n. training, teaching

talkanu ^NsgÚ v.i. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle

talkinu ^lNsgÚ v.i. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle

talmel tfnd]n n. co-ordination, concordance, harmony, agreement

talu tfnÚ n. palate

tama tfdf n. copper

tamakhu tdfvÚ n. tobacco

tamang tfdfª n. Tamang [a Nepali nationality]

tamsanu tD;gÚ v.i. to be forward, to be active

tamu tdÚ n. Tamu, Gurung [a Nepali nationality]

tanahun tgxÚ n. Tanahun [former mini-state; today district in western Nepal]

tanav tgfj n. tension, tenseness, strain, tautness

tanba tfaf n. copper

tanda tGbf n. bed-sheet

tannu tfGgÚ v.t. to draw, to pull, to drag

130

tansnu ^f:gÚ v.t. to stick, to fasten, to join

tap tk n. penance, practice, heat, warmth

tap tfk n. heat, warmth; mental sorrow, anxiety, regret

tapani tfklg conj. although, nevertheless

tapari ^k/L n. a plate made of leaves, leaf-plate

tapke tfKs] n. frying pan

tar t/ n. cream

tara tf/f n. star

tara t/ conj. but

taranga t/é n. wave, whim, caprice; emotion, vibration

taraph t/km n. direction, side

taraph t/km conj. towards

tarbuja taÚ{hf n. watermelon

tari khet ^f/L v]t n. terraced field

tarika t/Lsf n. method, manner, way, means

tarikh tf/Lv n. date [according to the western calendar]

tariko sag tf/Lsf] ;fu n. mustard greens [small]

tark ts{ n. debate, discussion, argument

tarkari tsf{gL n. vegetable curry

tarnu tfgÚ{ v.t. to deep fry

tarph tkm{ conj. towards

tarph tkm{ n. direction, side

tarphbata tkm{af& postp. on the part of, from

tarul t?n n. yam

tarun t?)f n. young man, youth, juvenile

taruno t?gf] n. young man, youth, juvenile

tasartha t;y{ int. on account of that, from that reason, therefore

taskar t:s/ n. smuggler

taskari t:s/L n. smuggling

tat t^ n. shore, bank, beach, coast

tatastha t^:y adj. neutral, objective,

131

indifferenttataunu ttfpgÚ v.t. to heat, to warm up

tatha tyf conj. and

tathya tYo n. truth, reality, substance

tato ^f^f] n. mark, spot, scar, stain

tato tftf] adj. warm, hot

tato pani tftf] kfgL n. hot water, warm water

tattva tQj n. truth; true state, essence, substance, the real factor of bringing things into existence

tau tfp n. sheet of paper

tauko ^fpsf] n. head

taulanu tf}ngÚ v.t. to weigh, to compare

tauliya tf}lnof n. towel

tavar tj/ n. manner, way, mode, method

tayar tof/ adv. ready

tayar garnu tof/ ugÚ{ v.t. to make ready

tayar hunu tof/ xÚgÚ v.i. to be ready, to make ready

tayarima tof/L n. readiness, preparation

tebbar t]Aa/ adj. thrice, threefold, three times, triplicate

tehra t]x| num. thirteen, 13

teis t]O{; num. twenty-three, 23

tekne lauro ^]Sg] nf}/f] n. staff, walking stick

telbij t]naLh n. oilseed

telhan t]nxg n. oilseed

tenis ^]lg; n. tennis

ternu ^]gÚ{ v.t. to obey, to respect; to pay attention

tesro t];|f] adj. third

tesro dhrava t];|f] w|j n. third pole

tettis t]QL; num. thirty-three, 33

thag &u n. cheat, knave, swindler

thagaha &ufxf n. cheat, knave, swindler

thagnu &UgÚ v.i. to cheat, to deceive

thaha yfxf n. knowledge, information

132

thakai ysfO n. fatigue, weariness, exhaustion

thakali ysfnL n. Thakali [a Nepali nationality]

thaknu yfSgÚ v.i. to get tired, to become tired, to be exhausted

thal yfn n. plate

thali yfnL n. small plate

thalni yfNgL n. beginning, commencement

thalnu yfNgÚ v.t. to begin, to start, to commence

thalo ynf] n. place, land; levelled high place, table land

thamaunu &dfpgÚ v.t. to recognize, to know

thami yfdL n. Thami [a Nepali nationality]

thamyaunu &DofpgÚ v.t. to recognise, to know

thana yfgf n. police station. police post

thana &fgf n. police station. police post

thanda &G*f adj. cold, chilly

thanda marubhumi &)*f d?e"ld n. tundra

thannu &fGgÚ v.t. to think, to determine

thapnu yfKgÚ v.t. to establish, to erect, to place

thar y/ n. clan, tribe, subcaste

tharkaunu ysf{pgÚ v.t. to frighten, to shake

tharu yf? n. Tharu [a Nepali nationality]

thati yfgL n. pawn, stake, postponement

thaun &fpñ n. place, spot, opportunity

thegnu y]UgÚ v.i. to last, to persist, to endure

theknu &]SgÚ v.t. to fix, to sum up, to appoint, to post

thicnu lyRgÚ v.t. to press, to crush, to squeeze

thik &Ls adj. right, correct

thiti l&^L n. lass, girl, young women

thiti lylt n. arrangement, order, custom, regulation, usage

thiti-riti lyltl/lt n. arrangement, order, custom, regulation, usage

133

thito l&^f] n. lad, boy, young man

thople yf]Kn] adj. spotted

thopo yf]kf] n. drop, speck

thor yf]/ adj. less

thorai yf]/} adj. a little, few

thuli ama &'nL cfdf n. father's elder brother's wife, mother's elder sister

thulo &'nf] adj. big

thulo ba &'nf] af n. father's elder brother, mother's elder sister's husband

thulo buva &'nf] aÚjf n. father's elder brother, mother's elder sister's husband

thunse yÚG;] n. a large close-meshed basket

thunuva yÚgÚjf adj. imprisoned, arrested

thuprai aunu yÚk|} cfpgÚ v.i. to pour in, to swarm in

thupro yÚk|f] n. heap, mound, pile, crowd

ti tL pron. those

tibbat ltAat n. Tibet

tighra lt#|f n. thigh

tihun ltxÚg n. vegetable stew

tikho tLvf] adj. sharp, pointed

tiknu l^SgÚ v.i. to last, to remain, to endure

til tLn n. sesame

tin l^g n. tin

tin tLg num. three, 3

tinma ltgdf under it, under them, under there

tinma adhi bhanda kehi badhi

ltgdf cf#L eGbf s]xL a(L

a little bit more than half of them

tippani l^Kk)fL n. note, annotation, comment, commentary, observation, critical remark

tippanikar l^Kk)fLsf/ n. commentator

tira lt/ postp. towards, in direction to

tirnu ltgÚ{ v.t. tp pay

tirsana lt;{gf n. desire for drink and food,

134

thirst; desire, wish, ambition

tis tL; num. thirty, 30

tithi ltly n. date [according to the astrological calendar]

titri ltqL n. a sour fruit [relished for pickle], tamarind

toknu tf]SgÚ v.t. to fix, to determine, to appoint, to decide

toli ^f]nL n. small group, btch, party, team

topalnu ^f]kNgÚ v.t. to pretend, to make a pretext

tori tf]/L n. mustard

torika phul dekhnu tf]/Lsf kmn b]VgÚ to be astonished

tran qf)f n. protection, defence, safety

tribhuj lqeÚh n. triangle

tricalis lqrfnL; num. forty-three, 43

trihattar lqxQ/ num. seventy-three, 73

tripanna lqkGg num. fifty-three, 53

trisatthi lq;^\&L num. sixty-three, 63

tritiya purus t[tLo kÚ?if n. third person [ling.]

tritiyapurusvacak t[tLo kÚ?ifjfrs n. third person [grammar]

triyakalap lqofsnfk n. function, task

triyanabbe lqofgAa] num. ninety-three, 93

triyasi lqof;L num. eighty-three, 83

tukra ^Úqmf n. a small piece,

tukrinu ^ÚlqmgÚ v.i. to be divided to pieces

tulana tÚngf n. comparison, similarity

tunginu ^Ú+lugÚ v.i. to come to an end, to be finished, to be completed

tupi ^ÚkL n. pig-tail

turunta tÚ?Gt adj. immediate

tyag Tofu n. desertion, abandonment

tyahan Toxf adv. there

tyas tak To; tfs adv. at that time

tyasai To;} adv. in that way, without any reason; free, vain

tyasaile To;}n] conj. therefore, so

135

tyaso hunale To;f] xÚgfn] conj. so, thus

tyasprati To;k|lt adv. in this connection, concerning this

tyasto To:tf] pron. such, that kind of, like that

tyatiko Toltsf] adj. that much, that big

ubhayaling peoln¨ n. double gender

ubhinu plegÚ v.i. to stand up, to stand, to get up

ubhyaunu pEofpgÚ v.t. to cause to stand, to raise up

ubjani pAhgL n. production, productivity

ubjanu pAhgÚ v.i. to grow, to grow up, to be produced

ubjaunu pAhfpgÚ v.t. to produce, to cause to grow

ubranu pa|gÚ v.i. to be left over

ucalnu prfNgÚ v.t. to lift up

ucca pRr adj. high, lofty, upper, superior

ucca parvatiya pRr kj{tLo adj. alpine

udaharan pbfx/)f n. instance, example, illustration

udaharaniya pbfx/)fLo adj. exemplary

udan p*fg n. flight, act of flying or fleeing

udar pbf/ adj. high minded, munificent, generous, open-hearted, noble-minded

udarashaya pbf/fzo adj. generous, high-minded, magnanimous

udarta pbf/tf n. generosity, liberality, magnanimity, nobleness

udarvad pbf/jfb n. liberalism

udarvadi pbf/jfbL n. liberal, liberalist

udas pbf; adj. sad

udasi pbf;L adj. sad

udaunu p*fpgÚ v.t. to cause to fly; to waste, to squander, to gobble

udaunu pbfpgÚ v.i. to rise (sun or moon)

udaya pbo n. rising, ascent, dawning

uddesh p@]z n. desire, wish, intention, purpose

uddeshya p@]Zo n. aim, objective

136

uddhar p$f/ n. kindness, charity

udgar pb\uf/ n. exclamation, emotional statement

udharnu pwfg{ v.t. to rip up

udhinnu plwÌGgÚ v.t. to dig up, to pick out, to find out, to search, to select

udnu p*\gÚ v.i. to fly

udus p*Ú; n. bedbug

udyamashil pBdzLn adj. industrial

udyat pBt adj. ready, prepared, raised, brought up

udyog pBf]u n. industry, enterprise, effort, diligence

udyogi pBf]uL adj. industrious

ugharnu p#fgÚ{ v.t. to open, to unlock

ughranu p#|gÚ v.i. to be opened

ugra pu| adj. wrathful, angry, fierce

uhan pxf pron. he, she [very polite]

uhile plxn] adv. then, at that time, many years ago, long ago

ujad phf* adj. deserted, isolated

ujyalo pHofnf] adj. light

ukali psfnL n. upward gradient

ukalnu psfNgÚ v.t. to lift

ukalo psfnf] n./adj. steepness, upward gradient; steep

ukasnu psf:gÚ v.t. ro raise, to rouse

ukelnu ps]NgÚ v.t. to vomit, to spew out

ukhan pvfg n. proverb, saying, aphorism

ukhelnu pv]NgÚ v.t. to uproot, to remove

ukhu pvÚ n. sugar cane

ukkaunu pSsfpgÚ v.t. to break open, to initiate

ukkinu plSsgÚ v.i. to be selected, to be picked out

uklanu pSngÚ v.t. to climb up, to ascend

ukta pQm adj. mentioned, said

ukti plQm n. statement, remark, a saying

137

ukusmukusaunu psÚ;dÚsÚ;fpgÚ v.t. to stifle, to cause claustrophobia

ullangghan pNn+#g n. violation, contravention

ullas pNnf; n. joy, delight

ullekh pNn]v n. mention, reference, description

ullekhniya pNn]vgLo adj. remarkable, worthy of being mentioned

ullikhit pNn]lvt adj. written, mentioned

ulto pN^f] adj. opposite, upside-down

umalnu pdfNgÚ v.t. to cause to boil

umarnu pdfgÚ{ v.t. to cause to sprout

umedvar pd]bjf/ n. candidate

umer pd]/ n. age, length of life

umkanu pDsgÚ v.i. to escape, to get free, to slip out

umlanu pDngÚ v.i. to boil, to bubble up, to simmer

ummedvar pDd]bjf/ n. candidate

umranu pd|gÚ v.i. to sprout, to spring up, to grow up

un pmg n. wool

unancas pgGrf; num. forty-nine, 49

unannabbe pgfGgAa] num. eighty-nine

unansattari pgfG;Q/L num. sixty-nine, 69

unansaya pgfG;o num. ninety-nine, 99

unasi pgf;L num. seventy-nine, 79

unca pmrf adj. high, lofty

uncai pmrfO n. height, tallness, summit

uncalis pGrfnL; num. thirty-nine, 39

unco pmrf] adj. high

unco prf] adj. high

uni kammal pmgL sDdn n. wollen blanket

unmulan pGd'ng n. uprooting, destruction, eradication

unnais pGgfO{; num. nineteen, 19

unnat pGgt adj. risen, progressed, improved

unnati pGglt n. progress, rise,

138

advancement, improvement, prosperity, elevation

unnatishil pGgltzLn adj. progressive

unnayak pGgfos n. uplifter, reformer, leader

unnayan pGgog n. uplift, development

unnu pÌGgÚ v.t. to wreath, to thread, to string, to pass a thread through a needle

unsathi pG;f&L num. fifty-nine, 59

unta pm^ n. camel

untis pGtL; num. twenty-nine, 29

upabhog pkef]u n. enjoyment

upabhokta pkef]Qm n. consumer, user

upacar pkrf/ n. remedy, medical treatment, care

upadesh pkb]z n. instruction, counsel, lesson

upadhi pkflw n. title, attribute, designation, status

upahar pkxf/ n. present, gift

upaj pkh n. crop, produce, product

upakhyan pkfVofg n. legend, tale, episode (of a narration); proverb, sying

upakram pkqmd n. plan, programme, preparations, beginning, preamble, preface

upalabdha pknAw adj. gained, felt, acquired, attained, available

upalabdhi pknAwL n. achievement, accomplishment

upalakshya pknIo n. sign, implication, ourpose, occasion

upama pkdf n. comparison, simile, likeness

upanisad pklgifb\ n. Upanishads (the theological part of the vedas)

upanisadvadi pklgifb\jfnL n. (someone who is following the teachings of the Upanishads)

upansanhar pk;+xf/ n. conclusion, summary

upanyas pkGof; n. novel

139

upar pk/ postp. above, over, for

uparastrapati pk/fi^«klt n. vice-president

uparna pkgf{ n. scarf, shawl

upasabhapati pk;efklt n. vice-chairman [of a meeting, organization or party]

upasthiti pkl:ylt n. presence, attendance

upatya pkTo n. valley

upa-usnakatibandhi pk pi)fsl^aGwL– adj. subtropical

upayog pkof]u n. use, utilization, application

upayogita pkof]lutf n. usefulness, utility

upayukta pkoÚQm adj. proper, suitable, appropriate

upeksha pk]Iff n. slight, indignity, neglect, disregard, contempt, scorn

upekshit pk]lIft adj. neglected, ignored, discarded, disregarded

uphranu pk|mgÚ v.i. to jump, to leap

upiyan plkofñ n. flea

uralnu p/fNgÚ v.t. to instigate, to incite

urlanu pn{gÚ v.i. to surge up, to rise up, to come in waves; to become angry

usa piff n. dawn, daybreak

usinnu pl;ÌGgÚ v.t. to boil while cooking

uso p;f] adj. like that, such

uta ptf adv. there, thither

utarnu ptfgÚ{ v.t. to cause to get off, to cause to descend, to help to descend, to take off (clothes)

uthal-puthal pyn kÚyn– n. overturning, change

uthaunu p&fpgÚ v.t. to wake up, to rouse, to cause to rise

uthnu p&\gÚ v.i. to get up, to stand up, to stand

uti plt adv. that much

utnikher plTgv]/ adv. meanwhile, at that time

utpadan pTkfbg n. production

utpatti pTklQ n. origin, production

140

utpidak pTkL*s n. oppressor

utpidit pTkLl*t n. oppression, persecution, harassment

utpidit varga pTkLl*t ju{ n. oppressed class

utranu pqgÚ v.i. to get off, to descend, to float, to rise out of, to rise above

utrinu plqgÚ v.i. to get off, to come down, to descend

utsaha pT;fx n. enthusiasm, excitement

utsav pT;j n. entertainment, festival, celebration, festivity

utsukta pT;Ústf n. enthusiasm, excitement

uttam pQd adj. supreme, best

uttano pQfgf] adj. flat on one's back

uttar pQ/ n. answer, reply; north

uttaradhikari pQ/flwsf/L n. heir, successor, inheritor

uttardayi pQ/bfoL adj. responsible, answerable, accountable

uttejit pQ]lht adj. excited, quickened

utthan pTyfg n. upliftment; progress, emancipation

vacan jrg n. speech, utterance, talk

vad jfb n. theory, dispute, controversy

vaicarik j}rfl/s adj. ideological

vaidhanik j}wflgs adj. constitutional, according to the constitution

vaishakh j}zfv n. first month of the Nepali year [April-May]

vajracarya jh|frfo{ n. Vajracharya, Bajracharya, a tantric guru, a Buddhist priest

vaktavya jQmJo n. speech, statement, topic

vampanthi jfdkGyL n./adj. leftist

van biralo jg la/fnf] n. wild cat

van upabhokta samuha

jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x n. forest users group

vanbhoja jfef]h n. picknick

vanijya jfl)fHo n. trade, commerce, business

vanko dhan jgsf] wfg n. forest resources

141

vansha j+z n. clan, pedigree, dynasty, lineage, birth, family, tribe, generation

vardan j/bfg n. boon

varga ju{ n. class, kind, series, row

varga mil ju{ dLn n. square mile

vargahin ju{xLg adj. classless

vargahin samaj ju{xLg ;dfh n. classless society

varipari jl/kl/ adv. all round, round about, on all sides

varnan j)f{g n. description, narration, encomium

varsa jif{ n. year

varsa jiff{ n. rains, rainy season, monsoon

varta jftf{ n. discourse, account, conversation, topic, talk, dialogue

vartalap jftf{nfk n. dialogue, conversation, talk, discourse

vartaman jt{dfg adj. current, existing, modern, current time, present time

vasanta j;Gt n. spring

vasi jf;L n. inhabitant, dweller

vastavik jf:tljs adj. in reality, essential, genuine, true, virtual

vastavikta jf:tljstf n. reality, truth

vastu j:tÚ n. thing, item, substance, article, property; cattle

vastutah j:tÚtM adv. in reality

vatavaran jftfj/)f n. condition, surrounding, environment, circumstances, situation

veda j]b n. Veda

vela j]nf n. time

veshya j]Zof n. prostitute, whore, harlot

vibhag ljefu n. section, part, department

vibhagiya ljefuLo adj. departmental, related to the department

vibhajan ljefhg n. section, part, department

vibhinna ljleÌ adj. various, diverse, different kinds of

142

vicalan ljrng n. departure, deviation, moving about, unsteadiness

vicar ljrf/ n. consideration, observation, notion, idea, judgement

videsh ljb]z n. foreign country

videshi ljb]zL n. foreigner

videshi sahayata ljb]zL ;xfotf n. foreign aid

vidhan ljwfg n. legislation, act, law, ordinance, regulation, rule

vidheyak ljw]os n. bill [in a legislature]

vidhi ljlw n. method, procedure, law, rule, prescript

vidhipurvak ljlwk'j{s adv. duly, methodically, systematically

vidhivat ljlwjt adv. duly, methodically, systematically, in conformity with rules, as prescribed by law

vidit ljlbt adj. known, understood, acquainted

vidroha ljb|f]x n. revolt, rebellion, mutiny, treason

vidvan ljåfg n./adj. scholar; learned, wise

vidya ljBf n. knowledge, learning, attainment

vidyabhyas ljBfEof; n. study, habit of study, practice of learning

vidyalaya ljBfno n. school, college, academy, seminary

vidyarambha ljBf/De n. initiation into one's studies with religious solemnities, the beginning of reading an writing

vidyarthi ljBfyL{ n. student

vidyarthi gatividhi ljBfyL{ ultljlw n. student movement

vidyashram ljBf>d n. boarding school

vidyut ljBÚt n. electricity

vigat ljut adj. past, gone away

vighatan lj#^g n. break up, dissolution, destruction

vigyan lj!fg n. acquired knowledge, conscience, wisdom, understanding, science

143

vihina ljxLg postp. devoid of, deprived of, destitute of

vihinata ljxLgtf n. missing, non-existence

vijaya ljho n. victory, triumph, conquest

vijaya ljhof n. the goddess Durga, the Durga Puja festival

vijaya dashami ljhof bzdL n. the Dashara festival, the Dasain festival

vijayi ljhoL n./adj. victor, conqueror, vanquisher; victorious, triumphant

vijeta ljh]tf n. conqueror, victor, one who has achieved victory

vikas ljsf; n. development, expansion, evolution

vikasit ljsfl;t adj. developed

vikasit ljsl;t adj. developed

vikat ljs^ adj. dreadful, difficult, hideous

vikendrikaran ljs]Gb|Ls/)f n. decentralization

vikhandan ljv)*g n. fission, breaking up, splitting up, fragmentation

vikhandit ljvl)*t adj. divided, separated, split up, cut off, broken

vikriti ljs[lt n. deformation, defilement, mutilation, defect

vilas ljnf; n. luxury, enjoyment, luxurious life, sensuous pleasure, pleasure with the opposite sex

vilayat ljnfot n. foreign land, foreign country, Europe, England

viman ljdfg n. airplane, airship

vimansthal ljdfg:yn n. airfield, airstrip

vinash ljgfz n. destruction, ruin, disaster, loss

vipanna ljkÌ adj. distressed, afflicted, fallen into calamity, in a critical state

viparit ljk/Lt adj. opposit, contrary, reverse, adverse, hostile

viphal ljkmn adj. fruitless, useless, unsuccessful

vir jL/ adj. brave, courageous, heroic, gallant

144

viraha lj/x n. separation, parting, estrangement; loss

virodh lj/f]w n. dissension, discrepancy, hostility, discord, objection, antagonism

viruddha lj?$ postp. against, opposed, opposite, contrary, adverse, hostile

visakta ljiffQm adj. toxic, poisonous, venomous, vituperative

visalu ljiffnÚ adj. toxic, poisonous, venomous, vituperative

visaya ljifo n. subject, topic, article

visaya-kram ljifoqmd n. contents, table of contents

visayantar ljifofGt/ n. an outside subject, another topic

visayapravesh ljifok|j]z n. introduction, preface, foreword, preliminary

visaya-pravesh ljifo k|j]z– n. introduction

visayavastu ljifoj:tÚ n. subject matter, something discussed

vishal ljzfn adj. big, very big, gigantic, extensive, large, palatiol, huge, great

vishes ljz]if adv. extraordinary, unusual, special, distinguished, famous

vishes adalat ljz]if cbfnt n. special court

vishes nam ljz]if gfd n. proper name

vishesagya ljz]if! n. expert

vishesan ljz]if)f n. adjective

vishesya ljz]io n. substantive; a noun with an adjective qualifying it

vishista ljlzi^ adj. conspicuous, remarkable, important, distinguished, extraordinary

vishva ljZj n. universe, the whole world

vishvas ljZjf; n. belief, trust, faith, reliance, confidence, assurance

vishvasniya ljZj;gLo adj. trustworthy, reliable, creditable

vishvasniyata ljZj;gLotf n. trustworthiness, reliability, creditability

vishvaspatra ljZjf;kfq n. reliable person, confidant

vishvavidyalaya ljZjljBfno n. university

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vishvayuddha ljZjo'$ n. world war

viskambhak ljisDes n. interlude (in a drama)

vismayadibodhak lj:doflbaf]ws n. interjection

visphot lj:kmf]^ n. outburst, explosion, eruption; smallpox

visphotak lj:kmf]^s adj. explosive

vistar lj:tf/ n. extension, expansion, extent; spread

vistarit lj:tfl/t adj. expanded, enlarged

vivad ljjfb n. discussion, debate, dispute, altercation, quarrel, controvercy

vivaha ljjfx n. marriage, wedding, matrimony

vivaran ljj/)f n. description, account, statement

vivash ljjz adj. dependent, helpless, subjected

vividh ljljw adj. different, diverse, various, miscellaneous

vividhta ljljwtf n. diversity, variety, variation

vriddha j[$ adj. old, aged, advanced in years, mature; ancient

vriddhavastha j[$fj:yf n. old age

vriddhi j[l$ n. progress, increase, increment, rise, growth, enlargement

vrihaspativar j[x:kltjf/ n. Thursday

vriksha j[If n. tree

vriksharopan j[Iff/f]k)f n. tree plantation

vrisadeva j[ifb]j n. Vrishadeva [name of a Licchavi king, great-grandfather of Manadeva I]

vyakhya JofVof n. explanation

vyakhyan JofVofg n. speech, lecture, explanation, exposition

vyakta JoQm adj. clear, discernible, expressed, stated, mentioned

vyakti JolQm n. person, individual, manifestation

vyaktigat JolQmut adj. personal, individual

vyaktitva JolQmTj n. personality, individuality,

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self

vyaktivacak nam JolQmjfrs gfd n. proper name, proper noun

vyangya JoéØ n. sarcasm, irony, innuendo

vyangya-citra JoéØlrq n. cartoon

vyapar Jofkf/ n. business, trade, profession, occupation, industry

vyapta JofKt adj. diffused, pervaded, occupied, overcast, scattered, flush

vyatha Joyf n. pain, suffering, misery, distress, injury, ache

vyavahar Jojxf/ n. behaviour, conduct, manner, treatement

vyavasay Joj;fo n. undertaking, occupation, employment; engagement, business

vyavastha Joj:yf n. system, method, regulation, management, settlement, systematization, form

vyavasthapan Joj:yfkg n. organizing, systematizing

vyavasthapika Joj:yflksf n. legislative

vyavasthapit Joj:yflkt adj. established, systematized, managed

vyavasthit Jojl:yt adj. systematic, methodical, in order

yadyapi oBlk conj. although, though, even, if, however, notwithstanding

yagya o! n. religious sacrifice, oblation

yahan oxf adv. here, at this place, hither

yahi oxL pron. this very

yahi nai oxL g} pron. this and no other

yas karan o; sf/)f so, because of this

yas kramma o; qmDdf for this reason, so

yasaigari o;}u/L adv. consequently, therefor, so

yashasvi oz:jL adj. renowned, reputed, glorious

yashogan ozf]ufg n. eulogy, singing of praises

yasmadhye o;dWo] adv. by that, in this

yaso o;f] adj. like this, such

yasogari o;f]u/L adv. consequently, therefor, so

yasto o:tf] pron. like this, of the same kind

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yasto andhyaroma o:tf] cWo/f]df comp. in such darkness

yata otf adv. here, at this place, hither

yatauta otfptf adv. hither an thither, here and there, in all directions

yatayat oftfoft n. transportation, traffic

yathavat oyfjt adv. in situ, intact, as before

yati olt adv. this much, thus much, so much

yatiko oltsf] adv. so much

yatra ofqf n. trip, voyage

yatri ofqL n. traveller, pilgrim, tourist

yatro oqf] pron. so great, so big

yauvan of}jg n. youth, adolescence, manhood, puberty

yayavar ofofj/ n. nomad, wanderer

yog of]u n. joining, junction, combination, union, coupling; relationship, connection

yogadan of]ubfg n. cooperation, help, assistance, contribution

yogaphal of]ukmn n. the sum total

yogyata Of]Uotf n. power, strength, talent

yojana of]hgf n. planning

yug oÚu n. epoch, era, age

yugoslabhiya oÚuf]:nfeLof n. Yugoslavia

yurop o'/f]k n. Europe

yuropeli o'/f]k]nL adj. European

yuva oÚjf n. youth

yuvati oÚjtL n. young woman, youthful woman

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