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Sagar Raj GoutamSenior Divisional Engineer
Ministry of Energy Government of Nepal
Nepal Country Report
Workshop on Energy Connectivity and Transboundary Power Trade in Asia and Pacific: Concept, Barriers and
Opportunities7-9 November 2015, Suzhou, China
Presentation Outline
I. Country Context
II. Water Resource
III. Sectoral and Institutional Context
IV. Demand and Supply Scenario
V. Cross border Power Trading
VI. Forward Looking
I. Country Context
Landlocked country in South Asia
Geographical Area : 147,181 Sq. Km
Highest Elevation : Mount Everest
Lowest Elevation : 76 masl
Nepal
Population : 27.8 million
GNI Per Capita : USD 730
GDP : 19.64 BUSD
HDI Ranking : 145
Economic Growth Rate : ~5% (Expected to decline)
Foreign Direct Investment : 0.2% of GDP
ConstitutionCountry Context……
• New Constitution of Nepal came into effect from Sept 20 ,2015• Federal Democratic Republican System of Governance• Three tier of governance structure
• Federal• State• Local
• National Natural Resource and Fiscal Commission• Royalty distribution modality formulation• Basis for investment and return• Dispute resolution
• Jurisdiction of Federal Authority
• Policy and standard on protection and multipurpose use of water resources• Cross border and cross state transmission line• International border rivers• Mega projects( Power, Irrigation, etc)
Geographical Regions
Terai Region – 14%
Country Context……
Hilly Region – 64%
High Mountain -19%
Geological Cross Section
11th Most Earthquake prone country First recorded earthquake 1255AD: Killed
1/3rd of Kathmandu population Last great Earthquake of magnitude 8.4 in
1934; 10,000 deaths in Kathmandu Valley
7.6 Magnitude Earthquake April 25 2015 76 Km NW of Kathmandu
Earthquake followed by hundreds of aftershocks of magnitude > 4 and continuing
8790 people lost lives Devastating damages throughout
Data Source : Nepal Earthquake 2015, Post Disaster Needs Assessment, National Planning Commission, Nepal
Country Context….
II. Water Resource
Total Water available per year: 225 BCM
Around 4% of Nepal’s total area is covered by glaciers (Mool P. et al.2001) and there are 3,252 number of glaciers.
Rivers types in Nepal: Perennial (Snow Fed) and Non-Perennial
Four Major Rivers Basins: Koshi, Gandaki, Karnali and Mahakali
6000 rivers and rivulets and 5,358 natural lakes including glacial lakes
78% flow in four major basins
Climate Variation : Tropical to artic depending upon elevation
Water Resource….
Some Figures
III. Sectoral and Institutional Context
Energy Consumption
By Sector
376.3 million GJSource: WECS survey 2011/12
By Fuel type
Availability of Natural Resources
Sectoral and institutional …..
• Economically viable hydro potential : 43000 MW• Commercial solar power potential : 2100 MW • Wind power potential : Yet to be mapped
• Limited Fossil fuel resources • Fully relies on import of petroleum products (POL) to meet transportation &
cooking needs• POL imports : 1.34 BUSD (2014); 10% increment from last year
• Hydropower : least-cost generation option
Access to Electricity Services
• Grid connected population : 50%• Off grid connected population : 25 %
Institutional Framework
Sectoral and institutional …..
Alternative Energy Promotion Center under Ministry of Environment looks after other renewables
IV. Demand and Supply Scenario
689 698 706 719 762 787
2774 27133164
3433 3468 3559
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Installed Capacity (MW) Domestic Generation (Million KWh)
Sources: NEA Annual Report
Installed Capacity & Generation
• Slow growth• Hydro dominated system with 7 % multifuel• One storage and mostly ROR plants• Around 1/3rd contribution from IPPs
• Annual Energy Demand growth : 9%
• Electricity Generation annual growth rate: 4.3 %
Demand and Supply …….Electricity Imports v/s Demand Deficit (GWh)
• Demand Supply gap partly mitigated by import : 150 MW to 170 MW
• Import – Annual Growth rate : 17%
• Demand outgrown the supply• Increased dependency in import• 35 % of peak demand is unmet.
Demand and Supply …….Electricity Demand Supply Position
• Short to medium term, the power deficit in dry season likely to persist
• Deficit is projected to come down during the wet season with the commissioning of hydro projects
• By 2020-2021, expected generation addition would result in surplus –opportunity for export
• Short term : Additional import to bridge the gap.
Demand and Supply …….
Future Scenario as per NEA forecast
V. Cross Border Power TradingCross border power infrastructure
• Indo Nepal Power exchange (5MW) in 1971
• Receives power in three modes• River Treaties• Border Town exchange
program• Commercial power trading
with PTC India
• 21 interconnections for power exchange through 11 kv, 33 kvand 132 kv transmission line
Proposed Cross Border Interconnection
• C/B trade to be facilitated through development of T/L that connects Indian NationalGrid with Nepal’s National Grid.
• Opens up and facilitate opportunity for trade.
• One interconnection of 400 KV is in advance stage of completion (D-M T/L)
• Two JV companies established to develop, own, operate and maintain T/L in respective territory
• NEA entered in Power Sale Agreement with PTC India and two separate Implementation and Transmission Service Agreement with JV Companies.
• Other interconnections are also being worked out as Power Trade Agreement between Nepal and India came in to effect.
Cross border power trading….
VI. Forward Looking
National Front• Implementing New Constitution• Drafting laws and legislations in tune with constitution vis a vis energy / water
resource• Establishment of Regulatory framework• Make functional and operationalization of National Grid Company and Public
Generation Company• Establish Power Trading Company• Commissioning of hydropower projects under construction and cross border
T/L (DM)
GON Commitment in broader cooperation
• PDAs of export oriented projects (targeted to India )• Power Trade Agreement between Nepal and India (Bilateral)• SAARC Framework Agreement on Cooperation in energy (Regional)
And Beyond• Very much Open to the concept of broader connectivity
THANK YOU !!!
