Upload
kory-randall
View
234
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
NEPAD Pan African Cassava Initiative (NPACI)
N. Mahungu and B. Anga
The First High-Level Biofuels Seminar in Africa 30 July – 1 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
NEPAD STRATEGIC GOALS NEPAD STRATEGIC GOALS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORFOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
ATTAIN FOOD SECURITY
IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS
IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY TO
ATTAIN 6% ANNUAL AGRIC.GROWTH
RATE
HARNESS ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRIC. AND FOOD
PRODUCTIONACHIEVE EQUITABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
HARNESSING AND MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURSES
The Pan African Cassava The Pan African Cassava
Initiative (NPACI)Initiative (NPACI)::
Established in January 2004 by NEPAD;
As a means to tap the enormous potential of cassava in Africa for food security and income generation.
Transformation strategyTransformation strategy
The Initiative is based on a transformation strategy that focuses on developing three interrelated components:
(i) market research and development
(ii) technology generation for development and,
(iii) competitive and sustainable production.
NPACI approachNPACI approach
Not an implementing organization but a facilitating structure
NetworkingCassava National Task Forces
(public and private sectors)Regional networking trough SROs
(SADC, ASARECA, ECOWAS)Promotion of effective
“Presidential Initiatives on Cassava”
Collective action by farmers
Why CASSAVA?Why CASSAVA?
Very well known to African farmers
Flexible to environmental conditions (rainfall, soils, temperature etc.) and cropping systems; thus well spread in SSA (Flex-crop)
Availability of technologies for science-based development
Why cassava (ct’d)Why cassava (ct’d)
Good technical and scientific support from NARS and int’l research centers (IITA, CIAT, NRI, CIRAD, etc.)
Recent interest by the private sector as an industrial crop
NPACI has set a vision to create a thriving domestic Fuel ethanol industry within the next five years…
Maximize carbon credit
opportunities
Thriving Homegrown
Industry
Sustainable Developmen
t
Rural wealth and job creation
Environmentally friendly
Energy Self-sufficiencyIntegrate Oil
and Gas with
Agriculture
…which is expected to reduce the dependence on oil while creating a viable commercial venture at a lower cost of production
Key Elements of The Vision
Investing in Feedstock Production, primary processing & supplies:
The Cassava Crop Our Preferred Feedstock:
Economic evaluation with three scenarios of productivity:A. Conservative scenario - 30 t/haB. Medium scenario - 35 t/haC. Expected scenario - 40 t/ha
Competitiveness of African Competitiveness of African cassava farmers per toncassava farmers per ton
Empirical data from baseline study: labour costs increased 4 times in real terms in last 15 years
We must mechanize!!!
Don’t use heavy machinery in fragile soils
Promote use of light machinery such the rugged power tiller and accessories
Cost Reduction EffectsCost Reduction Effects
Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)
1 ha/hour /3 persons
26
21.2 17.5
25.4
29.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Traditionalsystem
Improvedvarieties
Mechanizedplanting
Mechanizedplanting andharvesting
Mechanizedplanting
&harvesting&improved
varieties
US
$/t
on
100% 13.6% 11.6% 27.9% 40.5%
Investing in the provision of feedstock production support services
Private Extension services
Production & supplies of Improved planting materials & other inputs …
Contract Farm mechanization services
In Focus: An integrated Cassava Based Fuel Ethanol For Investment….
Ethanol - Process Brief
Requirements for a typical 30,000 Liters per day plant.
The project - At a Glance.
Sensitivity - Feedstock/ Ethanol prices.
The value chain….
The largest fuel ethanol initiative in Africa:400KLPD (Crown Agro Allied
Investments Ltd)
PROJECT SITE:
Agbadu, KABA-Bunu LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria
10,000 Hectare Nucleus Farm10,000 HECTARES CASSAVA FARM
Cassava to Ethanol – The Process Brief
Washing Rasping
LiquefactionPartial
Sacharification
Sacharification & Fermentation
Feed In Fresh cassava
Mash Out
Ethanol - The Process Brief
Distillation
Mash In
Dehydration
Rectified/ Potable Ethanol
Dehydrated Ethanol
THE EXPECTED IMPACT
Reduced deforestation Enhanced energy security for domestic
and transport fuels Reduced indoor emissions & related
deaths from long exposures to cooking fumes from biomass & parafin
Rural Development Poverty reduction Job creation
% of Firewood & Charcoal Replacement:
Country Firewood Charcoal
Replacement
Country Firewood Charcoal
Replacement
Country Firewood Charcoal
Replacement
Central Africa
Eastern Africa
Western Africa
Angola 19.07% Burundi 6.28% Benin 111.48%
Cameroon 29.82% Ethiopia 25.14% Burkina Faso
17.25%
Chad 25.42% Kenya 3.76% Gambia 2.83%
Congo, Dem 15.06% Madagascar 8.49% Ghana 87.30%
Congo, Rep. 14.28% Malawi 21.03% Guinea 1.52%
Mozambique
24.74% Guinea-Bissau
1.72%
Tanzania 7.18% Mali 28.47%
Uganda 6.59% Nigeria 53.56%
Zambia 0.11% Togo 13.54%
Rural/Agro-Industrial Employment
“Energy Poverty” Reduction
Safe Usage for Women & Children (Non-Spill & Non-Explosive)
Clean Cooking Environment (No Smoke, Fumes or Smell)
Adaptable to Existing Wood fuel & Kerosene Stoves/Cooking Practices
Social Impacts & Benefits
Typical project components of an Integrated Fuel Ethanol Project:
The Fuel Ethanol RefineryThe Nucleus Farm Plantation (optional)
Can be replaced with Contract Out growers & Commodity Merchants Supplies of Dried Grains & Cassava Chips:
Waste Water treatment & Biogas Plant CO2 Recovery & Purification plantBiogas fueled Electricity GeneratorsBio-Fertilizer PlantDDGs Drying Plant For Animal feed
production
Ethanol yields from Ethanol yields from various raw materialsvarious raw materials
CropCrop Crop yieldCrop yield
(t/ha)(t/ha)Bio-fuel Bio-fuel yieldyield
(t/ha)(t/ha)
Sugarcane Sugarcane (juice)(juice)
70-7570-75 6300-75006300-7500
Sweet sorghumSweet sorghum 6060 42004200
MaizeMaize 8.5-98.5-9 3272-30003272-3000
CassavaCassava 30 - 30 - 8080 3000- 3000- 80008000
Cassava ethanol initiatives Cassava ethanol initiatives in Africain Africa
South Africa: Presently seeking a service provider to undertake a detailed assessment of the opportunities for Biofuel production in KwaZulu-Natal and provide a strategy for taking the industry forward in KwaZulu-Natal.
The Emerging Nigerian Bioethanol Scenario.
Consumption: ~12 billion lit/annum gasoline ~4.5 billion lit/annum paraffin
Replacement by Bioethanol 1.2 billion lit /annum for gasoline @ 10 %
blend3.75 billion lit/ annum for paraffin, for
complete replacementInvestment:20 Refineries are needed of 200,000
liters/day capacity @ $35-45million US Dollars /Refinery
Nigeria
Policy (E10 Policy) on 10% ethanol blend to petrol promulgated in 2005
Sources of raw material/feed stock: Sugar cane and Cassava
Created the Renewable Energy Division in the National Petroleum Corporation to oversee policy and encourage private sector investments in bio fuels
New ethanol factory based on sugar cane commissioned in 2006
Nigeria (ct’d)Nigeria (ct’d)
Feasibility for two Ethanol factories with cassava as feedstock concluded
Presidential Initiative on cassava implemented (by national partners and IITA) to support ethanol and other industries
10 new CMD resistant and high yielding cassava varieties released for industrial uses under the Initiative
Introduced mechanised planting and harvesting of cassava in Nigeria with technologies adopted from Brazil
Cassava ethanol initiatives Cassava ethanol initiatives in Africain Africa
Malawi: Ethanol use in blended petrol (at least 17% ethanol) to promote biofuel
DR Congo: promote, in partnership with international organizations, research for development on biofuel through learning institutions and others.
Tanzania: Informal export of chips to Japan
Kenya, Zimbabwe, etc
NPACI Strategy on EthanolNPACI Strategy on Ethanol
Develop sustainable and competitive cassava production and processing models for ethanol 35 – 80 t/ha in farmers
fields